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molecular epidemiology of apparent outbreak of invasive aspergillosis in a hematology ward.during a 2-month period, five patients suffering from invasive infections caused by aspergillus flavus or aspergillus fumigatus were identified in the hematology department of the university hospital dijkzigt (rotterdam, the netherlands). to study the epidemiological aspects of invasive aspergillosis, strains from these patients and from the hospital environment, isolated during extensive microbiological screening, were subjected to genotyping. a novel dna extraction technique, involving freezin ...19968789013
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of piper angustifolium.the essential oil for piper angustifolium lam. was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms) technique. camphor and camphene were the main constituents. this oil exhibited bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities against trichophyton mentagrophytes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, and escherichia coli.19968792674
aspergillus laryngotracheobronchitis presenting as stridor in a patient with peripheral t cell lymphoma.invasive aspergillosis is a serious opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. the case history is described of a 44 year old patient with peripheral t cell lymphoma who developed hoarseness and stridor after chemotherapy. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated repeatedly from the sputum. bronchoscopic examination showed symmetrical creamy-white exophytic lesions involving both vocal cords and the supraglottic area. there was diffuse tracheobronchitis with multiple raised cream-coloured ...19968795683
immunoblotting patterns in the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma: antibody response to the 90kda aspergillus fumigatus antigen.at present there are no accepted criteria to assess the usefulness of western blot assays for the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma. an aspergillus fumigatus cytosolic fraction complex (cfc) composed of four proteins (p90, p60, p40, and p37) has been identified. the usefulness of western blotting with cfc antigens for the serodiagnosis of aspergilloma was evaluated in 25 patients with well-established diagnoses and in 94 controls. the most consistently reactive antigen was p90 (92% of patients with ...19968801087
aspergillus fumigatus peptides differentially express th1 and th2 cytokines.relevant allergens from aspergillus fumigatus associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) have been cloned and expressed. the pathogenesis of abpa probably depends on specific cytokines and immunoglobulins secreted by lymphocytes on stimulation with different epitopes of those allergens. in the present study, we synthesized peptides of 12-16 amino acids from the sequence of asp fi and compared their immunological responses in four mice strains (balb/c, c57bl/6, akr, and cba). ...19968801519
insights into specificity of cleavage and mechanism of cell entry from the crystal structure of the highly specific aspergillus ribotoxin, restrictocin.restriction, a highly specific ribotoxin made by the fungus aspergillus restrictus, cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in the 28s rna of eukaryotic ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis. the sequence around this cleavage site is a binding site for elongation factors, and is conserved in all cytoplasmic ribosomes. the catalytic mechanism of restrictocin and the reasons for its high substrate specificity are unknown. no structure has been determined for any other member of the aspergillus ribo ...19968805570
a review of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) occurs in 1-2% of patients with asthma and in 10% of patients with cystic fibrosis. we introduce the acronym "artepics" in this review article on abpa to facilitate its diagnosis: a: asthma; r: roentgenographic infiltrates; t: tests for aspergillus fumigatus (af) positive in the skin; e: eosinophilia; p: precipitating antibody to af; i: ige in serum elevated; c: central bronchiectasis; and s: serum specific ige-af and igg-af elevated (artepics).19968807504
cloning and characterization of chsd, a chitin synthase-like gene of aspergillus fumigatus.a chitin synthase-like gene (chsd) was isolated from an aspergillus fumigatus genomic dna library. comparisons with the predicted amino acid sequence from chsd reveals low but significant similarity to chitin synthases, to other n-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (nodc from rhizopus spp., hasa from streptococcus spp. and dg42 from vertebrates. a chsd- mutant strain constructed by gene disruption has a 20% reduction in total mycelial chitin content; however, no differences between the wild-type str ...19968807804
expression of the cu,zn superoxide dismutase of aspergillus fumigatus as determined by immunochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy.a polyclonal antibody against purified cu,zn superoxide dismutase (sod) from the pathogen aspergillus fumigatus was raised in a sheep. this antibody recognised purified a. fumigatus sod, together with a single band of 19 kda in a. fumigatus cytoplasmic antigen, by immunodevelopment of western blots. the polyclonal serum did not recognise either the manganese or iron containing forms of the enzyme; however, it was reactive against putative cu,zn sods in other members of the genus aspergillus. imm ...19968809544
variation in virulence of aspergillus fumigatus strains in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.the diversity in virulence of different aspergillus fumigatus strains was studied in an experimental murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) and the results were correlated with possession of a putative molecular marker of virulence. seven strains from different patients with non-invasive or invasive aspergillosis and four environmental strains were typed by pcr with specific primers and scored as positive or negative, according to whether or not a 0.95-kb dna fragment was amplifi ...19968810945
colorimetric susceptibility testing for aspergillus fumigatus: comparison of menadione-augmented 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide and alamar blue tests.two colorimetric methods that use alamar blue or 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2h-tetrazolium bromide (mtt) for assaying the in vitro activities of antifungal agents have been described. we report that both tests performed similarly when the antifungal activity of amphotericin b against candida albicans was determined. however, only the mtt test generated interpretable data when aspergillus fumigatus was used.19968818910
spirotryprostatin b, a novel mammalian cell cycle inhibitor produced by aspergillus fumigatus. 19968823522
amphotericin b-associated hypertension.to report two cases of hypertension related to amphotericin b infusion.19968826557
intervertebral disc space infection caused by aspergillus fumigatus.the authors describe the case of a 53-year-old woman who suffered from an aspergillus fumigatus infection of the l2/3 intervertebral disc space unrelated to previous operations on her lumbar spine. after surgical debridement combined with amphotericin therapy she died on the 23rd postoperative day from a fulminant bacterial sepsis of pulmonary origin. although she had intermittently used steroids for bronchial asthma, this is an unusual case of fungal infection of the lumbar spine in an apparent ...19968831127
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in lung allograft recipients.following lung transplantation for end-stage cystic fibrosis, two male patients presented with shortness of breath, peripheral blood eosinophilia and segmental lung collapse. at bronchoscopy, each had bronchial mucous plugging containing aspergillus fumigatus. this finding was associated with a systemic eosinophilia and skin test positivity to aspergillus. augmented steroid therapy resulted in the successful resolution of the symptoms. we believe that these are the first reported cases of allerg ...19968834350
exogenous lipoid pneumonia complicated by mycobacterium fortuitum and aspergillus fumigatus infections.we report the case of a nonimmunocompromised female patient, who developed exogenous lipoid pneumonia with mycobacterium fortuitum infection at diagnosis, later followed by aspergillus fumigatus infection. the association of exogenous lipoid pneumonia with atypical mycobacterial infection is uncommon but well-recognized, but, to our knowledge, association with a. fumigatus infection has not previously been reported.19968834351
experimental studies of the antitumor effect of tnp-470 on malignant brain tumors. antitumor effect of tnp-470 on a human medulloblastoma xenograft line.it has been shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in pathological conditions including the growth of solid tumors. furthermore, it is thought that anti-angiogenic agents might be clinically useful for therapy of these diseases. tnp-470 (tnp), a synthetic analog of fumagillin isolated from aspergillus fumigatus, was used as an anti-angiogenic agent in this study in a nude mouse model with a subcutaneously implanted fragment of medulloblastoma. after treatment with this agent for 4 weeks ...19968837073
itraconazole in the treatment of orbital aspergillosis.sino-orbital aspergillosis is typically treated with surgical debridement and intravenous amphotericin b. some authors have advocated intraorbital irrigation or injection of amphotericin b in specific cases.19968841307
orbital infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.opportunistic infections frequently involve the anterior and posterior segments of the eye but rarely occur in the orbit in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the authors managed eight patients with hiv and unilateral orbital infections who presented between july 1988 and march 1995.19968841310
immunohistochemical detection of gm-csf, il-4 and il-5 in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (gm-csf), interleukin-4 (il-4) and il-5 are important in tissue eosinophil accumulation and high ige production in allergic inflammatory reaction.19968732244
inhibition of the alveolar macrophage oxidative burst by a diffusible component from the surface of the spores of the fungus aspergillus fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is a fungus that grows on dead and decaying organic matter in the environment and whose spores are present ubiquitously in the air. the fungus causes a range of diseases in the human lung. a study was undertaken to demonstrate and partially characterise an inhibitor of the macrophage respiratory burst from the surface of a fumigatus spores that could be an important factor in allowing the fungus to colonise the lung.19968733491
[aspergillus fumigatus: from saprophytism to virulence. phenotypic and genotypic biodiversity].during the last two decades, deep changes have arised in aspergillosis. thus, this fungal infection mainly due aspergillus fumigatus is becoming a serious public health-hazard in the growing population of immunocompromised patients. from literature and their own experience, the authors present a synthesis of phenomenons promoting this evolution: the host predisposing factors, environment and potential contamination sources, then the fungus itself. genetic research developed into the disease-caus ...19968734331
murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following an earlier stage, noninvasive aspergillus infection.aspergillus spp. occasionally cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following noninvasive infection in patients with underlying bronchopulmonary disorders regardless of their systemic immunological conditions. we developed a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following an earlier stage, noninvasive aspergillus infection. balb/c mice were inoculated intratracheally with agarose beads containing aspergillus fumigatus conidia. two weeks after inoculation, half of the mice were immuno ...19968735094
the aspergillus fumigatus chsc and chsg genes encode class iii chitin synthases with different functions.two genes, designated chsc and chsg were isolated from dna libraries of the opportunistic fungal pathogen, aspergillus fumigatus. the genes were characterized with respect to their nucleotide sequences and mutant phenotypes. the complete deduced amino acid sequences of chsc and chsg show that the products of both genes are class iii zymogen-type enzymes. a mutant strain constructed by disruption of chsc is phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild-type strain, but chsg- and chsc- chsg- stra ...19968736545
[a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis accompanied with aspergillus meningitis].a 53-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of chest pain and gait disturbance. examinations on admission showed that she was immunocompetent except the negative tuberculin test. the chest x-ray showed infiltrative shadows with old tuberculous lesions in the bilateral upper lung fields. in ct, a mass lesion was revealed in the lesion, which destructed the fifth thoracic vertebra and invaded into the epidural space. she died of meningitis on the 18th day after admission. on auto ...19968741716
ex vivo effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor on human monocyte activity against fungal and bacterial pathogens.the ex vivo effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) on antifungal and antibacterial activities of human elutriated monocytes were studied. cells were isolated prior to the initiation of therapy, on day 3 and at week 7, in six patients with an advanced malignancy receiving m-csf in a phase i study. superoxide anion production by monocytes in response to n-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine was enhanced at day 3 of therapy (p = 0.011). in addition, at day 3, fungicidal activity ...19968742065
serodiagnosis and monitoring of aspergillus infections after lung transplantation.to determine whether quantification of specific antifungal antibody responses in serum can provide supplemental information for the diagnosis of aspergillus fumigatus infections and the monitoring of antifungal treatment in patients after lung transplantation.19968686977
humoral and cell-mediated autoimmunity in allergy to aspergillus fumigatus.a cdna encoding an allergenic protein was isolated from an aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) cdna library displayed on the surface of filamentous phage. serum immunoglobulin e (ige) from a. fumigatus-sensitized individuals was used to enrich phage-expressing gene products binding to ige. one of the cdnas encoded a 26.7-kd protein that was identified as a manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) sharing 51.5% identity and 67.2% homology to the corresponding human enzyme. both human and a. fumiga ...19968691141
a 12-year longitudinal study of aspergillus sensitivity in patients with cystic fibrosis.the object of the study was to longitudinally follow immune parameters of aspergillus fumigatus sensitization so as to predict those at risk for developing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa).19968697834
novel mammalian cell cycle inhibitors, tryprostatins a, b and other diketopiperazines produced by aspergillus fumigatus. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties.two novel diketopiperazines named tryprostatins a (1) and b (2) and a new natural product belonging to the diketopiperazine series, designated as demethoxyfumitremorgin c (3), together with four known diketopiperazines, fumitremorgin c (4), 12,13-dihydroxyfumitremorgin c (5), fumitremorgin b (6) and verruculogen (7), were isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus fumigatus bm939 by the combined use of solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, preparative tlc and repeated-pr ...19968698634
novel mammalian cell cycle inhibitors, tryprostatins a, b and other diketopiperazines produced by aspergillus fumigatus. ii. physico-chemical properties and structures.two novel diketopiperazines named tryprostatins a and b and a new natural product belonging to the diketopiperazine series, designated as demethoxyfumitremorgin c, together with four known diketopiperazines, fumitremorgin c, 12,13-dihydroxyfumitremorgin c, fumitremorgin b and verruculogen, are new m phase inhibitors of the mammalian cell cycle, which were isolated from the secondary metabolites of aspergillus fumigatus. the structures of tryprostatins a, b and demethoxyfumitremorgin c were deter ...19968698635
tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 alpha expression in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interleukin-1 alpha (il-1 alpha) are two important proinflammatory cytokines that may be involved in allergic inflammatory processes. we recently developed a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis characterized by eosinophilic and lymphocyte lung infiltration and increased serum and bronchoalveolar lavage immunoglobulin e concentration. in this study we examined the expression of tnf-alpha and il-1 alpha in the lung tissue sections of ...19968699818
effects of tunicamycin on glycoprotein antigens of aspergillus fumigatus.tunicamycin, which inhibits n-glycosylation of proteins, was used as a tool to determine the type of linkage which occurs in glycoprotein antigens of aspergillus fumigatus. when a. fumigatus extracts were electrophoretically separated and blotted then probed with anti-aspergillus patients' sera, differences in antigenic profiles were noted when tunicamycin-treated samples were compared with controls. tunicamycin had no detectable effect on the cellular proteinases of a. fumigatus, most of which ...19968699966
central venous catheter infection by aspergillus fumigatus in a patient with b-type non-hodgkin lymphoma.invasive aspergillus infection is still a major problem in immunocompromised patients. a central venous catheter infection by aspergillus fumigatus, however, has not yet been reported. we describe the case of a 10-year-old female patient with b-type non-hodgkin lymphoma treated according to the german chemotherapy protocol nhl-bfm 90. isolation of aspergillus fumigatus from the blood was the first hint of invasive aspergillosis. a central venous catheter-associated infection was suggested, since ...19968700001
the ribosome-inactivating protein restrictocin deters insect feeding on aspergillus restrictus.the fungus-feeding beetle, carpophilus freemani, consumed equal quantities of young mycelia, fewer phialides bearing mature spores and much fewer phialides bearing developing spores of aspergillus restrictus compared to those of aspergillus nidulans when tested in diet choice assays. the degree to which specific fungal structures were consumed was inversely related to the localization of high levels of restrictocin, a ribosome-inactivating protein, to those structures. pure restrictocin added to ...19968704996
[a case of acute disseminated pneumomycosis in a cow].the case of a five year old swiss braunvieh cow suffering from an acute disseminated mycotic pneumonia caused by an aspergillus fumigatus infection is presented. the animal had calved one month previously and was admitted to the clinic because of recurrent fever. clinical findings included a reduced general condition, a rectal temperature of 40.6 degrees c, an increased respiratory rate, coughing and serous nasal discharge. on auscultation increased bronchovesicular sounds and moist rales could ...19968677423
inhibition of the transcription factors nf-kappa b and ap-1 underlies loss of cytokine gene expression in rat alveolar macrophages treated with a diffusible product from the spores of aspergillus fumigatus.the spores of aspergillus fumigatus have a survival advantage over other respirable fungal spores in the lung, leading to a number of lung diseases associated with this fungus. we have hypothesized that a component on the spore surface can inhibit the activation of alveolar macrophages, known to play an essential role in immune regulation in the lung. a diffusible product from the spores of a. fumigatus (afd) inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) protein by alveolar ...19968679226
bronchopulmonary and disseminated granulomatous disease associated with aspergillus fumigatus and candida species infection in a golden retriever.a seven-year-old, female golden retriever was referred for a paroxysmal, chronic cough and dyspnea, dysphagia, facial pruritus, anterior uveitis, and deteriorating general condition. a severe, mixed interstitial and alveolar pattern, with poorly defined amorphous lesions, was seen on thoracic radiographs. multiple, whitish nodules disseminated on the hyperemic respiratory mucosa were noted on bronchoscopy. escherichia coli and aspergillus fumigatus were cultured from the bronchoalveolar lavage. ...19968680920
structure-activity relationships of 3-methyl and 3,3-dimethyl analogs of 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(omega-substituted alkyl)sulfonyl-1-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propanols.3-methyl and 3,3-dimethyl analogs of 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(omega-substituted alkyl)sulfonyl-1-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propanols were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities against candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus. the 3,3-dimethyl analogs were found to have more potent activity both in vitro and in vivo than the corresponding 3-mono-methyl analogs. the prophylactic efficacy of the lead compounds against murine systemic candidiasis and aspergillosis was improved ...19968681411
the isolation, purification and identification of fumitremorgin b produced by aspergillus fumigatus.twenty-six strains of aspergillus fumigatus were screened for toxigenicity for fumitremorgins a and b. twenty-three of 26 strains can produce fumitremorgin b in rice medium determined by tlc and hplc, and no fumitremorgin a was detected. the strains of no. c4104 and no. 3656 were inoculated onto 5 kg of rice media and incubated in a modified procedure. finally, 4.0 g of fumitremorgin b was obtained after extraction and purification by modified methods, and was confirmed by tlc, hplc, spectral an ...19968721621
expression and identification of a laminin-binding protein in aspergillus fumigatus conidia.adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus, the causative agent of human aspergillosis, to the extracellular matrix protein laminin has been previously demonstrated. this study investigated the expression of laminin receptors during swelling of conidia, a step leading to germination and subsequent colonization of tissues. scanning electron microscopy showed that the laminin binding sites were distributed over the external rodlet layer of resting conidia. during swelling, the characteristic rodlet layer p ...19978975886
il-10 exerts suppressive and enhancing effects on antifungal activity of mononuclear phagocytes against aspergillus fumigatus.invasive aspergillosis has emerged as a frequent and serious infection in immunocompromised patients. we studied the effects of human il-10 on antifungal activity of monocytes (mncs) from healthy adults against aspergillus fumigatus after incubation with il-10 at 37 degrees c for 2 to 4 days. il-10 (2-20 ng/ml)-pretreated mncs exhibited approximately 40% suppression of superoxide anion (02-) production in response to pma and fmlp (p < or = 0.003), and anti-il-10 containing supernatant neutralize ...19978977206
retroviral-mediated gene transfer of gp91phox into bone marrow cells rescues defect in host defense against aspergillus fumigatus in murine x-linked chronic granulomatous disease.the x-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (x-cgd), an inherited deficiency of the respiratory burst oxidase, results from mutations in the x-linked gene for gp91phox, the larger subunit of the oxidase cytochrome b. the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of retroviral-mediated gene transfer of gp91phox on host defense against aspergillus fumigatus in a murine model of x-cgd. retrovirus vectors constructed using the murine stem cell virus (mscv) backbone were used for gene tran ...19978978275
comparison of voriconazole (uk-109,496) and itraconazole in prevention and treatment of aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis in guinea pigs.left-sided aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis was established in the guinea pig heart by catheterization and inoculation with conidia via a tributary of the femoral vein. this animal model was used to compare the efficacy of the triazole antifungal agents voriconazole (uk-109,496) and itraconazole. in the prophylaxis experiments, voriconazole at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally twice daily prevented a. fumigatus endocarditis in all but 1 animal (11 of 12 animals were c ...19978980747
t-8581, a new orally and parenterally active triazole antifungal agent: in vitro and in vivo evaluations.t-8581 is a new water-soluble triazole antifungal agent. the geometric mean ic80s (gm-ic80s; where the ic80 is the lowest drug concentration which reduced the optical density at 630 nm by 80% compared with the optical density at 630 nm of the drug-free control) for candida albicans were as follows: t-8581, 0.218 microgram/ml; fluconazole; 0.148 microgram/ml; and itraconazole, 0.0170 microgram/ml. for cryptococcus neoformans the gm-ic80s were as follows: t-8581, 9.28 micrograms/ml; fluconazole, 4 ...19978980750
binding and germination of aspergillus fumigatus conidia on cultured a549 pneumocytes.invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is acquired through inhalation of conidia. little is known about early interactions between aspergillus fumigatus conidia and alveolar epithelial cells, so an in vitro model was developed to study binding between conidia and a549 cells, a line of type ii pneumocytes. conidia rapidly became attached to confluent monolayers of a549 cells in serum-free medium, reaching a plateau within 40 min. scanning electron microscopy (em) showed a random pattern of early adhere ...19978985209
functional endoscopic sinus surgery and 109 mycetomas of paranasal sinuses.mycetomas of paranasal sinuses are more frequently diagnosed with the widespread use of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (ct). we present a series of 109 cases treated by functional endoscopic sinus surgery (fess) with a mean follow-up of 29 months. all localizations were seen, and contrary to what was initially thought, seven cases presented in multiple sites. several clinical presentations were found, from a pansinusal involvement to a simple mycetoma hanging in a superior meatus. a het ...19979001274
intensive care of patients with hiv infection: utilization, critical illnesses, and outcomes. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group.to examine intensive care unit (icu) admission rates and diagnoses of patients with hiv infection, and to determine the outcomes of different critical illnesses, we analyzed data derived from the 63 patients who were admitted to an icu from among the 1,130 adults with hiv infection who did not have aids at the time of enrollment in a multicenter prospective study. patients were admitted and treated according to the judgment of their physicians. during 4,298 patient-years of follow-up for the ent ...19979001291
th1 and th2 cytokines in mice with invasive aspergillosis.with a murine model of invasive aspergillosis we investigated cytokine production by cd4+ t helper cells and the effects of cytokine administration or neutralization on the course and outcome of infection. patterns of susceptibility and resistance to infection were obtained with different strains of mice injected with different inocula of aspergillus fumigatus conidia. mice surviving the primary infection also resisted a subsequent lethal infection that was associated with production of gamma in ...19979009314
purification and characterization of an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase from aspergillus fumigatus.an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase was purified from a cell wall autolysate of aspergillus fumigatus. this beta-glucanase activity was associated with a glycosylated 74-kda protein. using a sensitive colorimetric assay and a high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with a pulsed electrochemical detector for product analysis, it was shown that the endoglucanase hydrolysed exclusively linear 1,3-beta-glucan chains, had an optimum ph of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of 60 degrees c. a substrate kine ...19979030754
aspergillus in cytology specimens: a review of 45 specimens from 36 patients.to assess the clinical significance associated with the identification of fungal elements consistent with aspergillus in cytology specimens.19979034732
allergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and eosinophilic inflammation occur in the absence of ige in a mouse model of asthma.in patients with asthma, elevations of ige correlate both with allergic inflammation of the airways and with bronchial hyperreactivity (bhr). several investigations, using mouse models of this disease, have indicated a central role for ige in the pathogenesis of the eosinophilic inflammation as well as in the obstructive airway physiology of bhr. some diagnostic studies and therapeutic strategies for asthma are based on the putative role of ige in asthma pathogenesis. here, we use mice with a nu ...19979037055
absence of respiratory burst in x-linked chronic granulomatous disease mice leads to abnormalities in both host defense and inflammatory response to aspergillus fumigatus.mice with x-linked chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) generated by targeted disruption of the gp91phox subunit of the nadph-oxidase complex (x-cgd mice) were examined for their response to respiratory challenge with aspergillus fumigatus. this opportunistic fungal pathogen causes infection in cgd patients due to the deficient generation of neutrophil respiratory burst oxidants important for damaging a. fumigatus hyphae. alveolar macrophages from x-cgd mice were found to kill a. fumigatus conidi ...19979016870
infectious ocular complications in orthotopic liver transplant patients.we report the frequency and type of infectious ocular complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) and review diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. during the period september 1988 through november 1994, 684 patients underwent olt at mount sinai hospital (new york). nine orthotopic liver transplant patients (1.3%) developed ocular infections: candida albicans endophthalmitis (2), aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis (1), cytomegalovirus retinitis (4), herpes simplex virus ker ...19979195078
invasive mold sinusitis: 17 cases in immunocompromised patients and review of the literature.a 10-year retrospective analysis of invasive mold infections in hospitalized patients was performed to characterize the epidemiology and clinical features of invasive fungal sinusitis. seventeen cases of invasive mold sinusitis were identified. eleven cases were caused by aspergillus flavus, three were caused by unspecified species, and one each was caused by aspergillus fumigatus, rhizopus species, and alternaria species, respectively. fifteen patients had hematologic malignancies, and two had ...19979195079
sensitization to aspergillus fumigatus and lung function in children with cystic fibrosis.colonization with aspergillus fumigatus (af) constitutes a common finding in children with cystic fibrosis (cf). the relationship between sensitization to af and lung functon (lf) was studied in 118 patients with cf (61 girls and 57 boys; mean age: 14.3 yr; sd: 7 yr). mean follow up was 2.2 yr. on average, 8.1 (sd: 4.8) lf tests were performed per patient. measurement of total ige and specific ige antibodies to af, and a skin prick test (spt) for af, were done once a year. thirty-one children (2 ...19979196093
sialic acid-dependent recognition of laminin and fibrinogen by aspergillus fumigatus conidia.in an attempt to define the molecular basis of the adherence of aspergillus fumigatus conidia to the host tissues, a step which might be mediated by the recognition of basement membrane laminin or fibrinogen, we analyzed the binding of these glycoproteins by flow cytometry and a microtiter plate adherence assay. flow cytometry revealed that the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled laminin to conidia was saturable and specific. moreover, the ability of conidia to bind laminin increased w ...19979199441
adaptation of proteases and carbohydrates of saprophytic, phytopathogenic and entomopathogenic fungi to the requirements of their ecological niches.the abilities of isolates of saprophytes (neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans), an opportunistic human pathogen (aspergillus fumigatus), an opportunistic insect pathogen (aspergillus flavus), plant pathogens (verticillium albo-atrum, verticillium dahliae, nectria haematococca), a mushroom pathogen (verticillium fungicola) and entomopathogens (verticillium lecanii, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae) to utilize plant cell walls and insect cuticle components in different nutrient media ...19979202474
isolated cerebral aspergilloma--long-term survival of a renal transplant recipient.a renal transplant recipient with isolated cerebral aspergilloma 4 months after allograft transplantation is reported. on admission cerebral computed tomography showed a ring-enhancing mass in the left frontal hemisphere and aspirated purulent material revealed a. fumigatus hyphae. he was cured by short-term antifungal therapy and neurosurgical removal of the well demarcated lesion. he is still alive more than two years later and the renal transplant is well functioning. this is the first report ...19979202871
[clinical results after en block double lung transplantation with direct bronchial revascularization. the first three and a half years' experience in denmark].en-bloc double lung transplantation with tracheal anastomosis and direct revascularization of the bronchial arteries to the left internal mammary artery has been carried out in denmark since june 1992. forty-seven patients (32 with alfa-1 antitrypsin deficiency, 11 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, two with cystic fibrosis and two with primary pulmonary hypertension), 25 men and 22 women, average age 39 years (17-64 years), have received their first double-lung transplant with bronchia ...19979206859
proteases from aspergillus fumigatus induce release of proinflammatory cytokines and cell detachment in airway epithelial cell lines.aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogen causing diverse respiratory disorders. several studies have suggested that fungal proteases may play a role in the pathogenicity of fungi. since the airways are the most common route for entry of a. fumigatus, this study focused on the ability of fungal proteases to induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and to cause cell detachment in human pulmonary epithelial cell lines. it was shown that fungal serine protease activity induced the production of in ...19979207388
microbial growth inside saline-filled breast implants.in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to determine whether intraluminal saline in breast implants can support the growth of common wound-infecting microorganisms over a prolonged period of time. the bacteria tested were staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, corynebacterium jeikeium, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. three fungal species also were tested: aspergillus fumigatus, paecilomyces variotii, and candida albic ...19979207676
fungal allergens from important allergenic fungi imperfecti.occurrence of several fungal species in the environment seems to be related to hypersensitivity disorders in humans. fungal allergen studies reported in the literature are reviewed regarding to aspergillus, alternaria, penicillium and cladosporium genera. in this paper, we study by means of in vivo (skin prick test) and in vitro (rast and immunoblotting) the classical question of the best source of allergenic material using a population of asthmatic patients sensitized to different mould genera. ...19979208052
construction, expression and characterization of chimaeric toxins containing the ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin: intracellular mechanism of action.restrictocin is a ribonucleolytic toxin produced by the fungus aspergillus restrictus. two chimaeric toxins containing restrictocin directed at the human transferrin receptor have been constructed. anti-tfr(scfv)-restrictocin is encoded by a gene produced by fusing the dna encoding a single-chain antigen-combining region (scfv) of a monoclonal antibody, directed at the human transferrin receptor, at the 5' end of that encoding restrictocin. the other chimaeric toxin, restrictocin-anti-tfr(scfv), ...19979210405
efficacy of sch-56592 in a temporarily neutropenic murine model of invasive aspergillosis with an itraconazole-susceptible and an itraconazole-resistant isolate of aspergillus fumigatus.sch-56592 (sch) is a novel triazole antifungal agent with excellent in vitro activity against aspergillus. we compared three doses (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg of body weight) of sch with itraconazole (itz; 25 mg/kg) and amphotericin b (ab; 5 mg/kg) in a temporarily neutropenic murine model of disseminated aspergillosis (lungs and kidneys) against one itz-susceptible (af71) and one itz-resistant (af90) isolate of aspergillus fumigatus. treatment started 24 h after infection and lasted for 10 days. dosin ...19979210674
purification of a major allergen, asp f 2 binding to ige in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, from culture filtrate of aspergillus fumigatus.most cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) are caused by the fungus aspergillus fumigatus. successful treatment of this disease depends on early diagnosis with the use of well-characterized and relevant antigens/allergens of the organism.19979215251
in-vitro activity of d0870, a new triazole antifungal drug, in comparison with fluconazole and itraconazole against aspergillus fumigatus and candida krusei.the activity of the new triazole antifungal d0870 was compared with those of itraconazole and fluconazole against candida krusei and aspergillus fumigatus, two fungi showing inherent tolerance of fluconazole. the activity of d0870 resembled that of itraconazole against whole cells of c. krusei, but it was less effective against a. fumigatus. however, the effect on sterol biosynthesis, in terms of the sterol type accumulating and ic50 for in-vitro biosynthesis, appeared similar in both species. t ...19979222042
a novel fungal gene encoding chitin synthase with a myosin motor-like domain.a csma gene that encodes chitin synthase with a myosin motor-like domain was isolated from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. initially, we obtained the csma as a homolog of the aspergillus fumigatus chse-partial fragment. a large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1,852 a.a. was identified by determining the cdna sequences. the chitin synthase conserved region was situated at the c-terminus and classified into class v as reported previously. on the other hand, the n-terminal ...19979223429
intracerebral aspergillus abscess: case report and review of the literature.intracranial aspergillosis is a rare pathologic condition, difficult to treat and often fatal, which generally affects immunodepressed patients. a case of brain abscess secondary to pulmonary localization in a patient with a non-hodgkin lymphoma is described. the most significant clinico-pathological findings of intracranial aspergillosis are examined in the light of the relevant literature.19979226675
recurrence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in the posttransplant lungs of a cystic fibrosis patient.cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive disease of exocrine origin. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is an immunologic disorder caused by colonization of the airways with aspergillus fumigatus. a fumigatus has been cultured from posttransplant lungs in cf patients. colonization of posttransplant lung with aspergillus is a recognized phenomenon. in this case report, however, we present a patient who developed abpa both before and after lung transplant. this patient meets the ...19979228393
virulence of an aspergillopepsin-deficient mutant of aspergillus fumigatus and evidence for another aspartic proteinase linked to the fungal cell wall.a gene replacement was performed to produce mutants of aspergillus fumigatus deficient in the aspergillopepsin pep (e.c. 3.4.23.18). the correct replacement of the pep gene was confirmed by pcr and southern hybridization experiments, whereas the absence of pep production was demonstrated by western blots. the culture supernatant of the transformants showed no detectable acid proteinase activity, suggesting that there is only one acid proteinase secreted by the fungus. the wild-type strain and th ...19979229335
aspergillus mastoiditis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.we present the case history of a patient who was severely immunocompromised due to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and who subsequently developed acute mastoiditis due to aspergillus fumigatus. fungal otomastoiditis is a rarely reported complication of hiv infection. a high index of suspicion is required in these patients to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.19979231092
dipeptidyl-peptidase iv secreted by aspergillus fumigatus, a fungus pathogenic to humans.a dipeptidyl-peptidase iv was purified from the culture medium of the human-pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. the enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 95 kda and contained approximately 10 kda of n-linked carbohydrate. this glycoprotein is antigenic and has all characteristics of the class iv dipeptidyl-peptidases: removal of xaa-pro and to a lesser extent xaa-ala dipeptides from the n termini of peptides, including bioactive peptides such as neuropeptide y, [des-arg1] bradykinin, and ...19979234752
genetic diversity among clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus fumigatus.to determine if cases of invasive aspergillosis (ia) were caused by strains of aspergillus fumigatus with unique characteristics, strains from immunosuppressed patients with ia were compared to strains obtained from sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis and to strains from the environment. an extremely high genomic diversity was observed among the 879 strains typed by southern blotting with a retrotransposon-like element from a. fumigatus (c. neuvéglise, j. sarfati, j. p. latgé, and s. paris, n ...19979234757
binding of pulmonary surfactant proteins a and d to aspergillus fumigatus conidia enhances phagocytosis and killing by human neutrophils and alveolar macrophages.to determine whether the lung surfactant proteins a (sp-a) and d (sp-d) are involved in the initial protective immunity against opportunistic pulmonary fungal infections caused by aspergillus fumigatus, we performed a series of in vitro functional studies to see if sp-a and sp-d enhanced binding, phagocytosis, activation, and killing of a. fumigatus conidia by human alveolar macrophages and circulating neutrophils. both sp-a and sp-d bound to carbohydrate structures on a. fumigatus conidia in a ...19979234771
invasive aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses and orbit: can you save the eye? 19979242872
development of bone marrow eosinophilia in mice induced by aspergillus fumigatus antigens.a model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) developed by exposing mice to aspergillus fumigatus antigen (af) exhibits peripheral blood (pb), lung, and bone marrow (bm) eosinophilia. because the bm is a site of eosinophilopoiesis, we have investigated the role of af in the induction of this process in the bm. groups of mice were exposed intranasally (i.n.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) to af. bm cells from mice were cultured with either af or allogenic spleen cell supernatant stimulat ...19979245556
the aspergillus fumigatus mepb gene encodes an 82 kda intracellular metalloproteinase structurally related to mammalian thimet oligopeptidases.aspergillus fumigatus produces an 82 kda intracellular metalloproteinase that hydrolyses the pz-peptide, 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-pro-leu-gly-pro-arg, a typical substrate of members of the thimet oligopeptidase family which is ubiquitously distributed across animal species. the a. fumigatus mepb gene encoding this 82 kda metalloproteinase was cloned and sequenced. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of mepb showed that the mepb protein is a cytosolic zinc metalloproteinase of the thi ...19979245813
murine macrophage elastolytic activity induced by aspergillus fumigatusstrains in vitro: evidence of the expression of two macrophage-induced protease genes.the interaction between aspergillus fumigatus conidia and murine macrophages of various origins was investigated. cocultures were carried out between a. fumigatus strains and freshly isolated murine pulmonary alveolar macrophages or two murine macrophage cell-lines: murine alveolar cell-line malu and murine astrocytoma cell-line j774. by measuring the variation of elastolytic activity in the coculture supernatants with two elastin substrates, we demonstrated that either viable or fixed a. fumiga ...19979246742
synthesis and antifungal activity of novel thiazole-containing triazole antifungals.a new series of thiazole-containing triazole antifungals was synthesized and evaluated for antifungal activity against a variety of clinically isolated pathogenic fungi in vitro and against systemic candidosis in vivo. among these compounds, (+/-)-1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-[4-(2,4-difluorophenyl) thiazol-2-yl]-2-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol (er24161) showed the most potent and well-balanced in vitro activities and excellent in vivo efficacy. we also achieved an enantioselective synthesis of the ...19979246751
stereoselective interaction of sch 39304, a triazole, with sterol 14alpha-demethylase of aspergillus fumigatus.the inhibitory activity of sch 39304 and its enantiomers on radial growth and on the target enzyme, sterol 14alpha-demethylase, in aspergillus fumigatus was studied to assess the role of stereochemistry in the efficacy of the drug. sch 39304 and the rr(+) enantiomer were active in inhibiting the growth while no inhibition in the growth was observed with the ss(-) enantiomer. the mic of sch 39304 for the growth was about twice that of the rr(+) enantiomer. the differences in ic50s of sch 39304 an ...19979184358
septic arthritis by aspergillus fumigatus: a complication of corticosteroid infiltration. 19979189072
efficacy of prophylactic aerosol amphotericin b lipid complex in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis.invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among transplant recipients and patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. the lipid-associated formulation of amphotericin b (amb), amb lipid complex (ablc), was evaluated for its prophylactic efficacy when it was administered as an aerosol in a rat model of pulmonary aspergillosis. aerosol ablc (aero-ablc), in doses from 0.4 to 1.6 mg/kg of body weight given 2 days before infection, significantly delayed mortal ...19979021176
case report: pathomorphology of an experimental disseminated aspergillus fumigatus infection in rabbits.in following a formerly successful protocol designed to produce antibodies to a. fumigatus (fres) we observed a disseminated, lethal fungal infection in healthy, specific pathogen-free (spf) rabbits. the pathomorphological findings included multiple miliary to avenaceous whitish nodules in the livers and kidneys, mycotic mesencephalitis, nephritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, hemorrhagic enteritis, and splenitis. the hyphae were surrounded by necrosis, which also occurred in the liver without the hy ...19979025324
a painful knee in an immunocompromised patient. 19979039414
the in-vivo activity of an antifungal antibiotic, benanomicin a, in comparison with amphotericin b and fluconazole.the in-vivo antifungal activity of benanomicin a administered intravenously or subcutaneously was compared with that of amphotericin b and fluconazole using animal models of systemic infections with candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococcus neoformans. the efficacy of benanomicin a in c. albicans infection was more pronounced when administered in multiple doses than in a single dose. this was also true of fluconazole, but not of amphotericin b, which showed no difference between s ...19979044030
biochemical and antigenic characterization of a new dipeptidyl-peptidase isolated from aspergillus fumigatus.a novel dipeptidyl-peptidase (dpp v) was purified from the culture medium of aspergillus fumigatus. this is the first report of a secreted dipeptidyl-peptidase. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 88 kda and contained approximately 9 kda of n-linked carbohydrate. the expression and secretion of dipeptidyl-peptidase varied with the growth conditions; maximal intra- and extracellular levels were detected when the culture medium contained only proteins or protein hydrolysates in the absence of sugar ...19979045640
novel reduction and hydroxylation products formed by aspergillus fumigatus from reichstein's substance s.fermentation of reichstein's substance s with aspergillus fumigatus (am-21) under aerobic conditions yielded 17 alpha, 21-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregn-l-ene-3.20-dione. 17 alpha,20 alpha, 21-trihydroxy-5 alpha-pregn-l-en-3-one. 6 beta,17 alpha, 21-trihydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dione. 15 beta,17 alpha,21-trihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, and 15 beta, 17 alpha,20 alpha,21-tetrahydroxy-5 alpha-pregn-l-en-3-one. each microbial metabolite was characterized by spectroscopic methods, including 13c nmr che ...19979055385
polymerase chain reaction amplification of asp f i and alkaline protease genes from fungus balls: clinical application in pulmonary aspergillosis.asp fi(18 kda) and alkaline protease (33 kda) are the 2 major antigens which are derived from aspergillus (a.) fumigatus and have been implicated as possible virulence factors in the pathogenesis of aspergillus-induced diseases. we attempted to detect fragments of genes encoding both proteins from fungus balls obtained at surgery or autopsy by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and then used pcr to test clinical samples. frozen-stored fungus ball samples from a patient with acute myel ...19979058095
identification and evaluation of a major cytotoxin of a. fumigatus.aspergillus fumigatus is a highly pathogenic fungus causing a wide spectrum of diseases in immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent hosts. the present work was undertaken to evaluate the cytotoxic nature of fractionated antigens of a. fumigatus against the mammalian cell lines (j774, raw, cho and l929). an enriched protein antigenic fraction of a. fumigatus was subjected to con a sepharose and phenyl sepharose chromatography. antigenic fractions, conaub (cona unbound) and psc iii (fraction i ...19979059985
molecular typing of aspergillus fumigatus strains by sequence-specific dna primer (ssdp) analysis.a pcr typing method has been developed and tested to investigate the polymorphism of clinical strains of aspergillus fumigatus. firstly, the dna fragments from random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) patterns of nine epidemiologically and geographically non-related monosporal strains of a. fumigatus were cloned and sequenced. the pairs of five sequence-specific dna primers (ssdp), characteristic of the 5' and 3' extremities of the rapd products, were then used in high stringency pcr to type 43 c ...19979061355
postmortem analysis of invasive aspergillosis in a tertiary care hospital.to estimate the incidence of fatal invasive aspergillosis in a 1500-bed tertiary-care hospital and to investigate the utility of laboratory diagnostic approaches, necropsy protocols and microbiological data from 1994 and 1995 were reviewed. among 694 necropsies from 1693 patients who died in these two years, 27 (4%) cases of invasive aspergillosis were identified. twelve cases of invasive aspergillosis were found after transplantation of solid organs, three after bone marrow transplantation, fou ...19979063664
trends in immunotherapy of fungal infections.fungal infections are the primary cause of mortality in patients with severely impaired host defense mechanisms, such as neutropenic patients with acute leukemia or those who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. in view of the unacceptably high mortality due to disseminated candidiasis, it is rational to focus on augmentation of host defense mechanisms in addition to conventional antifungal therapy. in vitro, a variety of immunomodulators, including tumor necrosis factor, interferon-g, an ...19979063674
role of particulate antigens of aspergillus in murine eosinophilia.allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a disabling hypersensitivity lung disease, results from inhalation of aspergillus fumigatus antigens present in contaminated environments. a murine model has been developed to understand the immune mechanism involved in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. we have investigated the immunoregulatory role of different physical forms of a.fumigatus antigens, such as a.fumigatus spores, soluble antigens. and soluble antigen coupled inert particles, in the ...19979066514
[saprophytic and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis].the characteristics of chest x-ray films in 19 patients with saprophytic pulmonary aspergillosis secondary to acid-fast bacilli infection were reported. the saprophytic form, exemplified by the classic fungus ball or mycetoma, results from the growth of fungal mycelia within a pre-existing area of destroyed lung, typically a pre-existing cavity such as that resulting from tuberculosis. aspergillus fumigatus was detected in 52.6% of sputum cultures from 19 patients. aspergillus precipitin test wa ...19979071093
cutaneous aspergillosis.the authors present a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who developed a cutaneous lesion under the transparent dressing of a venous catheter. histologic examination of the lesion revealed suppurative granulomatous inflammation in the dermis with numerous branching hyphae within the follicular infundibulum. a culture of the biopsy material grew aspergillus fumigatus. aspergillus must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in patients infected with ...19979071553
a 62 year old diabetic with weight loss and lung lesions. 19979073017
genetic diversity among isolates of aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis.strains of aspergillus fumigatus (n = 24) were isolated from the sputa of six patients with cystic fibrosis during periods from 3 to 11 months. the genetic polymorphisms of the strains were studied using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay with three single oligonucleotides and pairwise combined primers. the analysis of rapd patterns resulted in 15 different rapd types. in four patients, the colonizing type changed, whereas in two others the same types were detected over periods be ...19979084119
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administered in vivo augments neutrophil-mediated activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens.granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) not only increases neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte, pmnl) production but also modulates pmnl biologic function. to assess the ability of g-csf administered in vivo to enhance pmnl activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens, the antifungal activity of pmnl obtained from normal human volunteers before and after g-csf administration was compared. in vivo, g-csf significantly enhanced pmnl-mediated killing of aspergillus fumigatus and rhizop ...19979086172
interleukin-10 is a natural suppressor of cytokine production and inflammation in a murine model of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.we have used interleukin-10 (il-10) gene knockout mice (il-10-/-) to examine the role of endogenous il-10 in allergic lung responses to aspergillus fumigatus ag. in vitro restimulated lung cells from sensitized il-10-/- mice produced exaggerated amounts of il-4, il-5, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) compared with wild-type (wt) lung cells. in vivo, the significance of il-10 in regulating responses to repeated a. fumigatus inhalation was strikingly revealed in il-10-/- outbred mice that had a 50 ...19979091582
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