Publications

[studies of the eating behavior of japanese quail chicks in the early postnatal period].	time of the eating reaction (response to video signals) and eating behavior shortly after hatching were studied in japanese quail chicks whose embryonic development took place under normal or changed gravity. chicks partially incubated in a changed gravity showed a much slower eating reaction when compared with the chicks the prenatal development of which occurred under the normal gravity. in the chicks incubated at 1 g and placed in individual cages immediately after dominating afferentation fo ...	2006	17193978
differential effects of 4 types of environmental enrichment on aggressive pecking, feather pecking, feather loss, food wastage and productivity in japanese quail.	1. we examined the effects of 4 types of environmental enrichment (foraging opportunities, structural complexity, sensory stimulation/novelty, and social companionship) on aggressive and feather pecking, feather condition, food wastage, body weight, feed conversion, and egg production in adult japanese quail. sex differences were examined where possible. 2. glm analysis was used to evaluate the effects of enrichment and housing, while test-retest reliability and the stability of measures over 18 ...	2006	17190672
effect of arsanilic acid on performance and residual of arsenic in tissue of japanese laying quail.	three hundred seventy-five 63-d-old laying japanese quail were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups (125 birds per group) and fed the following diets for 40 d, with 30 d on the experimental diets, followed by a 10-d withdrawal period: 1) control; 2) 50 mg of 4-arsanilic acid/kg of feed; and 3) 100 mg of 4-arsanilic acid/kg of feed. each treatment consisted of 5 replicates of 25 birds. during the first 30 d of the experiment, all eggs were recorded, collected, individually weighed dail ...	2006	17135662
effects of carotenoids from lucerne, marigold and tomato on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition.	1. the effects of various sources of natural carotenoids (px alfalfa concentrate, tomato powder and marigold extract) as feed additives in quail diets on egg yolk pigmentation and carotenoid composition were investigated. 2. adult japanese quail were fed one of 5 different diets for 23 d: three diets each contained px alfalfa concentrate (px) or tomato powder (tp) or marigold extract (mg), one diet contained marigold extract and tomato powder (mg + tp) and a control diet (wheat/barley based) was ...	2006	17050099
lack of estrogenic or antiestrogenic actions of soy isoflavones in an avian model: the japanese quail.	isoflavones are soy compounds that possess weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. in addition, phytochemicals, including isoflavones, may play a role in regulating seasonal reproductive cycles. as soy is a common constituent in poultry diets, the effect of these compounds on the reproductive system of production birds may be of concern. the present study examined the putative effects of soy isoflavones supplemented into the diet at 1 and 5% using endpoints of growth and reproduction in t ...	2006	17032818
effects of androgen disruption by dde on the development and functioning of the immune system in japanese quail.	we hypothesized that immunosuppression in birds that is caused by exposure to antiandrogenic chemicals occurs mainly through disruption of the development of the androgen-sensitive avian lymphoid organ, the bursa of fabricius. injections of 20.0 or 40.0 mug of p,p'-dde [ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)], an antiandrogen, were administered at embryonic day 1. bursas from only chicks treated with dde were larger than, had fewer follicles, and exhibited vacuolization within follicles ...	2006	16997800
chromosomal localization of a proinsulin transgene in japanese quail by laser pressure catapulting.	transgenic avian bioreactors produce therapeutic recombinant proteins in egg white. to date, however, methods for transgenic modification of the avian genome or determining transgenic status of individual birds are scarce. the dual, but interrelated, goals of this research were to: (1) develop a method of detecting stable dna insertion into japanese quail; and (2) provide a method for gene location on avian chromosomes. we created teflon-coated coverslip slides to facilitate laser pressure catap ...	2006	16906443
targeting steroid receptor coactivator-1 expression with locked nucleic acids antisense reveals different thresholds for the hormonal regulation of male sexual behavior in relation to aromatase activity and protein expression.	steroid receptors such as the androgen and estrogen receptors require the presence of several proteins, known as coactivators, to enhance the transcription of target genes. the first goal of the present study was to define the role of src-1 on the steroid-dependent expression of the aromatase protein and its activity in male japanese quail. the second goal was to analyze the rapid plasticity of the pom following antisense treatment interruption. we confirm here that the inhibition of src-1 expre ...	2006	16797739
comparative apparent metabolisable energy values of high, medium and low tannin varieties of sorghum in cockerel, guinea fowl and quail.	1. nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy values (amen) of three varieties of sorghum (white-low tannin, brown-medium tannin and red-high tannin) were measured in three species of poultry (cockerel, guinea fowl and japanese quail) by a practical diet replacement (total collection) method. 2. each variety of sorghum was tested at two concentrations (200 and 400 g/kg of reference diet) in 6 replications with one cockerel or guinea fowl or two quails per replication. the duration of the t ...	2006	16787858
in ovo exposure quail assay for risk assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals.	although there are in vivo assays using various organisms for the risk assessment of chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties, effective experimental methods for avian species are still under debate. we have developed an in ovo exposure assay using japanese quail eggs, aimed at assessing disrupting effects on avian reproductive development and function. hybrid eggs from brazilian brown male and white egg female quails, which can be genetically sexed by their plumage color after hatching, w ...	2006	16710698
effects of dietary genistein on nutrient use and mineral status in heat-stressed quails.	genistein is a powerful antioxidant and plays a role in calcium and bone metabolism. we evaluated the efficacy of dietary supplementation with genistein on the nutrient use and mineral concentrations in tibia and serum of quails reared at high environmental temperature (34 degrees c). two hundred and forty japanese quails (10 days old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of 3 birds. the birds were kept in a temperature-controlled room at 22 degrees c (thermon ...	2006	16651689
plasticity in the expression of the steroid receptor coactivator 1 in the japanese quail brain: effect of sex, testosterone, stress and time of the day.	analysis of nuclear receptor action on the eukaryotic genome highlights the importance of coactivators on gene transcription. the steroid receptor coactivator-1 in particular is the focus of an intense research and physiological or behavioral studies have confirmed that it plays a major role in the modulation of steroid and thyroid receptors activity. however, little is known about the regulation of steroid receptor coactivator-1 expression the brain. the goal of this study was to determine the ...	2006	16650617
dietary arginine silicate inositol complex during the late laying period of quail at different environmental temperatures.	arginine silicate inositol complex (asidagger; arginine 49.5%, silicon 8.2%, inositol 25%) is a novel material which is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine. asi offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. poor eggshell quality has been a major economic concern to commercial egg producers. poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot conditions and in older birds. the effects of asi supplementation on e ...	2006	16641032
stressor-induced changes in open-field behavior of japanese quail selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to immobilization.	the effect of no treatment (undisturbed controls; con) or 5 min exposure to immobilization stress (str) before assessment of open-field behavior in japanese quail lines selected for high (high stress; hs) or low (low stress; ls) plasma corticosterone (b) response to a similar immobilization stress was examined. during a 5-min test period in an open field, the following behavioral measurements were made: the latency to ambulate (lamb), the number of open-field floor sectors entered (sectors), and ...	2006	16553267
genetic parameters from univariate and bivariate analyses of egg and weight traits in japanese quail.	fully pedigreed records of a japanese quail population were analyzed for genetic parameters of egg and bw traits. a restricted maximum likelihood (reml) procedure was applied in univariate and bivariate analyses. quantitative genetic analyses, including maternal effects, were carried out on the records of 947 male and 861 female birds (total = 1,808). the traits were analyzed with bird as a random factor to fit the additive direct effect, bird being the individual for which the trait was recorde ...	2006	16523612
effects of atrazine on sexual maturation in female japanese quail induced by photostimulation or exogenous gonadotropin.	the herbicide atrazine has gained recent attention for its reported effects on reproduction in amphibians. the present study examined the putative effects of atrazine during sexual maturation in the photostimulated female japanese quail. furthermore, the effects of atrazine on birds administered exogenous gonadotropin (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin [pmsg]) were investigated. atrazine was administered up to 1,000 ppm in the diet to female quail undergoing photoperiodically induced sexual matur ...	2006	16494247
molecular mechanism of the photoperiodic response of gonads in birds and mammals.	appropriate timing of various seasonal processes is crucial to the survival and reproductive success of animals living in temperate regions. when seasonally breeding animals are subjected to annual changes in day length, dramatic changes in neuroendocrine-gonadal activity take place. however, the molecular mechanism underlying the photoperiodic response of gonads remains unknown for all living organisms. it is well known that a circadian clock is somehow involved in the regulation of photoperiod ...	2006	16253532
histological changes in immune and endocrine organs of quail embryos: exposure to estrogen and nonylphenol.	effects of 17beta-estradiol and p-nonylphenol were examined in the immune and endocrine organs of japanese quail embryos. the test compounds were injected into the yolk of embryonated eggs. injection of estrogen resulted in (1) disappearance of lymphoid cells and flattened development of plicae in the bursa of fabricius, (2) decreased area of thyroid follicles and height of simple cuboidal epithelial cells in the thyroid, (3) increased follicular appearance of the thymus, and (4) development of ...	2006	16246420
time keeping by the quail's eye: circadian regulation of melatonin production.	previous studies have shown that eye removal disrupts the circadian body temperature and activity rhythms of japanese quail supporting the hypothesis that the eyes act as pacemakers within the quail circadian system. furthermore, the putative ocular pacemakers are coupled to the rest of the circadian system via neural and hormonal outputs. although the neural pathway has yet to be identified, experiments suggest that the daily rhythm of ocular melatonin synthesis and release is the hormonal outp ...	2006	16277985
t(3) implantation mimics photoperiodically reduced encasement of nerve terminals by glial processes in the median eminence of japanese quail.	photoperiodically generated triiodothyronin (t(3)) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh) has critical roles in the photoperiodic response of the gonads in japanese quail. in a previous study, we demonstrated seasonal morphological changes in the neuro-glial interaction between gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) nerve terminals and glial endfeet in the median eminence (me). however, a direct relationship between photoperiodically generated t(3) and seasonal neuro-glial plasticity in the me rem ...	2006	16432711
in ovo exposure to a triazine herbicide: effects of atrazine on circulating reproductive hormones and gonadal histology in young japanese quail.	the triazine herbicide, atrazine, has come under scrutiny for its reported feminizing effects in amphibians. to date, there is little information concerning the effects of atrazine on reproduction in avian species. the current study examined the putative reproductive toxicity of atrazine after exposure in ovo. atrazine at 504, 246, and 123 microg/kg was administered to japanese quail eggs before incubation. the eggs were hatched and the birds raised to 14 days of age. indices of hatchability, se ...	2006	16418894
effect of long and short photoperiod on vasotocin neurons of paraventricular nuclei and adrenal function of water deprived japanese quail.	the responses of magnocellular neurons of paraventricular nuclei (pvn) and changes to adrenal activity to water deprivation in japanese quail maintained under gonado-inhibitory and stimulatory photoperiods were examined. water deprivation of 4 days resulted in a 12% decrease in body weight of sexually regressed short day (sd, 6l:18d) quail, while the decrease was more (18%) in sexually stimulated long day (ld, 16l:8d) quail. the increase in plasma osmolality following water deprivation was also ...	2006	16406272
aging alters the reduction of pro-apoptotic signaling in response to loading-induced hypertrophy.	this study tested the hypothesis that loading decreased apoptosis in skeletal muscle in an aging-dependent fashion. one wing of young and aged japanese quails was loaded for 7 or 21 days to induce hypertrophy. the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. loading increased fast-twitch quail patagialis muscle mass by 28 and 49%, after 7 or 21 days of loading, respectively in young adult birds. muscle mass was not elevated after 7 days of loading, but increased by 29% after 21 days of ...	2006	16377111
rapid changes in production and behavioral action of estrogens.	it is well established that sex steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors, which then act as transcription factors to control brain sexual differentiation and the activation of sexual behaviors. estrogens locally produced in the brain exert their behavioral effects in this way but mounting evidence indicates that estrogens also can influence brain functioning more rapidly via non-genomic mechanisms. we recently reported that, in japanese quail, the activity of preoptic estrogen synthase (aromat ...	2006	16359807
localization of estrogen receptor-alpha and -betamrna in brain areas controlling sexual behavior in japanese quail.	two estrogen receptors (ers), denoted eralpha and erbeta, have been identified in humans and various animal species, including the japanese quail. estrogens play a key role in sexual differentiation and in activation of sexual behavior in japanese quail. the distribution of eralpha in the brain of male and female adult quail has previously been studied using immunohistochemistry, whereas in situ hybridization has been employed to study the distribution of erbeta mrna in males only. in this artic ...	2006	16215996
effect of photoperiod on body weight gain, and daily energy intake and energy expenditure in japanese quail (coturnix c. japonica).	effect of photoperiod and food duration on body weight gain, energy intake, energy expenditure, and sexual development were investigated in two strains of japanese quail (coturnix c. japonica), bred for meat (broilers) or egg production (layers), from 7 to 71 days of age. in a first experiment chicks were subjected to 18l:6d, 15l:9d, 12l:12d, 9l:15d, or 6l:18d, with ad lib food during the light period. in a second experiment birds were exposed to a long photoperiod (18l:6d or 15l:9d) with ad lib ...	2006	11006423
systemic amyloidosis in laying japanese quail.	systemic amyloidosis was seen in laying japanese quail in a flock of a farm rearing 95,000 birds. the clinical signs included decreased egg production, anorexia, white diarrhea, and subcutaneous abscesses of the head. histologically, amyloid deposited predominantly in the spleen and liver. in addition, there were lesser degrees of amyloidosis in other organs (pancreas, kidney, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract). amyloid stained positively with congo red and thioflavin t. immunohistochemically, ...	2006	9533104
computation of motion direction by quail retinal ganglion cells that have a nonconcentric receptive field.	one type of retinal ganglion cells prefers object motion in a particular direction. neuronal mechanisms for the computation of motion direction are still unknown. we quantitatively mapped excitatory and inhibitory regions of receptive fields for directionally selective retinal ganglion cells in the japanese quail, and found that the inhibitory regions are displaced about 1-3 deg toward the side where the null sweep starts, relative to the excitatory regions. directional selectivity thus results ...	2006	10824680
the effect of food restriction on morphological and metabolic development in two lines of growing japanese quail chicks.	to investigate whether there is a relationship between the inherent maximum growth rate of a chick and its degree of developmental plasticity, we studied the effects of food restriction on morphological and physiological development in p-line (selected for high growth rates) and c-line (nonselected) chicks of the japanese quail between 2 and 64 d of age. in each line, three groups were created; one group in which the chicks were fed ad lib. and two other groups in which the chicks received 70% a ...	2006	11226014
celadon: an eggshell color mutation in japanese quail.	a new eggshell color mutant was discovered in the japanese quail. this trait was named "celadon" and was shown to be controlled by an autosomal recessive gene. therefore, the gene symbol ce was proposed. this gene and an autosomal recessive gene we controlling a white eggshell trait were shown to be nonallelic. also, ce was shown to be hypostatic to we. a spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the celadon eggshell pigments are protoporphyrin and biliverdin as in the wild-type eggshell, but th ...	2006	8228165
polybrominated biphenyls: tissue distribution and effect on hepatic microsomal enzymes in japanese quail.		2006	1159188
[corticotropocyte differentiation in adenohypophyseal organ cultures of chick and japanese quail embryos].	the ability of adenohypophysis rudiment of the 4 days old chick and japanese quail embryos for autonomous histotypical differentiation accompanied by the appearance of corticotropocytes was shown by means of multiple organ cultures and immunochemical markers. the corticotropocytes developed from the rathke's pouch epithelium, as was shown in the experiments with recombination in culture of the adenohypophysis rudiments (rathke's pouch) and perihypophysial mesenchyme isolated from the embryos of ...	2006	6283451
research note: open-field behavior of japanese quail chicks genetically selected for low or high plasma corticosterone response to immobilization stress.	open-field behavior was examined in japanese quail chicks genetically selected for either reduced (ls, low stress) or exaggerated (hs, high stress) plasma corticosterone response to immobilization stress. chicks of the ls line showed less freezing and ambulated sooner than did their hs counterparts. these findings suggest that exposure to an open-field or novel environment elicited less fear in ls than in hs chicks. they also support the suggestion that fearfulness and adrenocortical activation ...	2006	1523189
effect of administration of sex hormones on immunoglobulin level in immature japanese quail hens.		2006	3732176
modulation of aortic protein phosphorylation by benzo(a)pyrene: implications in pah-induced atherogenesis.	the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo(a)pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, and 3-methylcholanthrene has been associated with alterations in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the development of lesions of mesenchymal origin. because phosphorylation of endogenous substrates plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell growth, the present studies were conducted to evaluate the phosphorylation pattern of medial aortic protein upon rep ...	2006	1479592
rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in japanese quail.	non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. however, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (poa). brain aromatase activity (aa) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. here, acute effects of vorozole, an aromatase inhibitor, ...	2006	15963995
molecular mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement in the brain of japanese quail.	in most organisms living in temperate zones, reproduction is under photoperiodic control. although photoperiodic time measurement has been studied in organisms ranging from plants to vertebrates, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) represents an excellent model to study this problem because of the rapid and dramatic photoperiodic response of its hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. recent investigations of japanese quail show that lon ...	2006	16687304
impairment of testicular function in adult male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) after a single administration of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in diesel exhaust particles.	the effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (pnmc), a component of diesel exhaust, on reproductive function were investigated in adult male japanese quail. the quail were treated with a single i.m. dose of pnmc (78, 103 or 135 mg/kg body weight), and trunk blood and testes were collected 1, 2 or 4 weeks later. various levels of testicular atrophy were observed in all groups treated with pnmc. sperm formation, cloacal gland area, and plasma lh and testosterone concentrations were also reduced in birds ...	2006	16731786
association of a glu92lys substitution in mc1r with extended brown in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	we investigated melanocortin 1 receptor (mc1r) as a candidate locus for the extended brown phenotype in quail, in which there is a general darkening throughout the plumage. an initial screen of variation in mc1r in extended brown and in wild-type quails revealed two polymorphic non-synonymous sites. one of these sites, a g-to-a substitution leading to a glu92lys mutation, was perfectly associated with plumage phenotype; all extended brown birds were homozygous for lys92. co-segregation of the gl ...	2006	16734695
tissue tropism of a thailand strain of high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (h5n1) in tissues of naturally infected native chickens (gallus gallus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (anas spp.).	the tropism of a thailand strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus was demonstrated on tissues (lung, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, rectum, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, duodenum, and oviduct) from naturally infected native chickens (gallus gallus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and ducks (anas spp.) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. in chickens and quail, the distribution and localization of nucleoprotein viral antigen was similar and detected at the ...	2006	16753617
body size related adaptations of the avian myocardial phospholipid fatty acyl chain composition.	the myocardial phospholipid fatty acid (fa) composition (mol %) of 7 avian species was determined, in a body mass range from 150 g (japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica) to 19 kg (turkey, meleagris gallopavo). significant allometric increases were found for c16:1 n7 (allometric exponent: b=0.15), c18:1 n7 (b=0.08), c18:1 n9 (b=0.24), c20:1 n9 (b=0.22) and c20:3 n3 (b=0.12); moreover, total monounsaturates (b=0.20) and the sum of n9 fas (b=0.24) was also positively related to body mass. the ...	2006	16765623
dna methylation induced changes in chromatin conformation of the promoter of the vitellogenin ii gene of japanese quail during aging.	one approach to the understanding of the molecular basis of aging in higher organisms may be to use genes whose timing and rate of expression during the life span run parallel with specific functions that can be monitored. the genes for egg proteins, such as vitellogenin (vtg), which is expressed in the liver, and ovalbumin, lysozyme etc. that are expressed in the oviduct of birds, meet these requirements. egg laying function is dependent on the production of these proteins, which, in turn, depe ...	2006	16766142
cloacal gland and gonadal photoresponsiveness in male japanese quail selected for divergent plasma corticosterone response to brief restraint.	corticosterone is linked to testicular depression, and in coturnix, a relatively photorefractory species, day length and androgen dependency in cloacal gland development and foam production are evident. furthermore, male quail selected for reduced (low stress, ls) rather than exaggerated (high stress, hs) plasma corticosterone stress response show more photo-induced reproductive development, greater resistance to reproductive declines induced by exposure to very short days, and a quicker recover ...	2006	16776477
effects of feeding fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	one hundred fifty 1-d-old quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 2 groups. the 2 groups were designated as controls (cx) and fumonisin-fed birds (fx) with each containing 50 and 100 chicks, respectively. the birds in group cx were maintained on quail mash alone, whereas the birds in group fx were maintained on diets supplemented with 300 ppm of fumonisin b1 from fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material from 1 d. quail chicks in both groups we ...	2006	16830851
a rapid neuromodulatory role for steroid hormones in the control of reproductive behavior.	the long-term transcriptional actions of steroids that shape neuronal morphology and the probability of behavioral expression are well established. more recently, attention has been focused on the role of rapid (minute-by-minute) steroid actions on neuronal mechanisms of reproductive behavior. in this review, we first consider the rapid actions of steroids on mating and copulatory behaviors in tetrapod vertebrates. evidence for rapid effects of steroids is presented for chemoinvestigatory behavi ...	2006	16854385
a comparative map of macrochromosomes between chicken and japanese quail based on orthologous genes.	in order to develop a comparative map between chicken and quail, we identified orthologous gene markers based on chicken genomic sequences and localized them on the japanese quail kobe-nibs linkage map, which had previously been constructed with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. after sequencing the intronic regions of 168 genes located on chicken chromosomes 1-8, polymorphisms among kobe-nibs quail family parents were detected in 51 genes. these orthologous markers were mapped on eight j ...	2006	16879339
effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing japanese quail.	1. the effect of increasing dietary selenium (se) on production performance and immune responses in growing (0 to 6 weeks) japanese quail was investigated. 2. one-day-old chicks (240) were randomly selected and divided into 12 groups with 20 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments x 4 replicates). the basal diet contained 0.2 mg se/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg se/kg. 3. body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ratio and mortality were not af ...	2006	16905478
mapping of panda plumage color locus on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail.	panda (s) is an autosomal recessive mutation, which displays overall white plumage color with spots of wild-type plumage in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). in a previous study, the s locus was included in the same linkage group as serum albumin (alb) and vitamin-d binding protein (gc) which are mapped on chicken (gallus gallus) chromosome 4 (gga4). in this study, we mapped the s locus on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail by linkage analysis.	2006	16405738
effect of temporal synergism of neural oscillations on photorefractoriness in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	circadian rhythms in many metabolic functions including neural (transmitters) and hormonal secretion appear to change with physiological condition. it is also reported that seasonal changes in photoperiodism/reproduction and other metabolic conditions may result from a temporal interaction of circadian neural oscillations that change seasonally. to test this hypothesis, the present study was designed to study the effect of temporal synergism of two neural oscillations (serotonin and dopamine) on ...	2006	16358267
spatial contrast sensitivity of birds.	contrast sensitivity (cs) is the ability of the observer to discriminate between adjacent stimuli on the basis of their differences in relative luminosity (contrast) rather than their absolute luminances. in previous studies, using a narrow range of species, birds have been reported to have low contrast detection thresholds relative to mammals and fishes. this was an unexpected finding because birds had been traditionally reported to have excellent visual acuity and color vision. this study repo ...	2006	16404602
a low degree of fatty acid unsaturation leads to high resistance to lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of different organs of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	birds -- particularly long-lived species -- have special adaptations for preventing tissue damage caused by reactive oxygen species. the objective of the present study was to analyse the fatty acid composition and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of mitochondria and microsomes obtained from liver, heart and brain of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), a short-lived bird. fatty acids located in total lipids of rat liver, heart and brain mitochondria and microsomes were determined using gas chroma ...	2006	16317518
hormonal and social modulation of cloacal muscle activity in female japanese quail.	japanese quail are an important model for the discovery of neuroendocrine mechanisms of sexual behavior. in common with most birds and many other vertebrates, there are no genitalia of the mammalian kind (no phallus or vagina). instead, close contact between the cloacal openings of the male and female is critical for successful mating. prior research has shown that males produce distinctive rhythmic movements of the foam gland portion of the cloacal sphincter muscle (rcsms) in response to social ...	2006	16188285
long-day suppressed expression of type 2 deiodinase gene in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the saanen goat, a short-day breeder: implication for seasonal window of thyroid hormone action on reproductive neuroendocrine axis.	in most animals that live in temperate regions, reproduction is under photoperiodic control. in long-day breeders such as japanese quail and djungarian hamsters, type 2 deiodinase (dio2) plays an important role in the mediobasal hypothalamus, catalyzing the conversion of prohormone t4 to bioactive t3 to regulate the photoperiodic response of the gonads. however, the molecular basis for seasonal reproduction in short-day breeders remains unclear. because thyroid hormones are also known to be invo ...	2006	16195409
effect of neuromedin s on feeding regulation in the japanese quail.	neuromedin s (nms) was recently isolated from the brains of humans, mice and rats as an endogenous ligand for the orphan g protein-coupled receptors fm-3 and fm-4, which have been identified as neuromedin u (nmu) receptors 1 and 2, respectively. to investigate the role of nms in avian species, we elucidated the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of rat nms on food intake, body weight, body temperature and gross locomotor activity in adult japanese quails. nms significantly ...	2006	16159696
effects of fentin hydroxide on reproduction of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in a one-generation reproductive study, the fungicidal compound triphenyltin hydroxide (fentin) was administered to adult japanese quail for 6 weeks at dietary levels of 3 and 30 ppm. reproduction was significantly impaired in the high-dose group. the principal adverse finding was a marked increase in embryonic mortality, resulting in a lower hatch rate. furthermore, a reduction in egg production was observed with ongoing duration of treatment. most of the other reproduction-related parameters w ...	2006	16162336
sexual differentiation of central vasopressin and vasotocin systems in vertebrates: different mechanisms, similar endpoints.	vasopressin neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala and vasotocin neurons in homologous areas in non-mammalian vertebrates show some of the most consistently found neural sex differences, with males having more cells and denser projections than females. these projections have been implicated in social and reproductive behaviors but also in autonomic functions. the sex differences in these projections may cause as well as prevent sex differences in these functions. this pa ...	2006	16310321
effects of androgens and estrogens on crowings and distress callings in male japanese quail, coturnix japonica.	in male japanese quail, crowing behavior is considered to be strictly androgen-dependent. it was previously shown that in chicks, treatment with either testosterone or 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-dht; a non-aromatizable androgen) induced crowing with motivation for distress calling in acutely isolated conditions. many studies, however, have shown that the potencies of testosterone and 5alpha-dht in activating crowing in castrated males are different. to clarify the effects of androgenic a ...	2006	16002068
lack of effects of atrazine on estrogen-responsive organs and circulating hormone concentrations in sexually immature female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the widely used herbicide, atrazine, has been reported to exhibit reproductive toxicity in rats and amphibians. the present studies investigate toxicity of atrazine in japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in sexually immature females. atrazine was administered in the diet at concentrations from 0.001 to 1000 ppm (approximately 109 mg kg-1 per day) or systemically via daily subcutaneous injections (1 and 10 mg kg-1) or silastic implants. atrazine did not cause overt toxicity i ...	2006	16516945
residues of fluoroquinolone drugs in the cloacal gland and other tissues of japanese quail.	1. in this study we investigated the residues of fluoroquinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin) in the cloacal gland (a site of foam synthesis) and other tissues such as breast muscle, testes, brain, kidney and plasma. 2. fifty-four healthy male japanese quail were selected at random from a flock, maintained under uniform husbandry conditions and divided into three groups, each of 18 birds. group i (control) received 1 ml vehicle (normal saline 0.9% (w/v) nacl) daily for 12 d through the i ...	2006	16546801
determination of carbendazim residues in the eggs, liver and pectoral muscle of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the effect of carbendazim, a widely applied cereal seed dressing agent, was studied in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) during an overall period of eight weeks, consisting of a four-week feeding phase and a subsequent four-week excretion period. body mass and feed consumption of the birds were monitored and residues of the active ingredient were determined by an analytical chemical method. during the eight-week study period, changes (either decrease or increase) directly attributable ...	2006	16613033
neuroanatomical specificity in the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos following expression of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviour in japanese quail.	we investigated the neural sites related to the occurrence of appetitive (asb) and consummatory (csb) aspects of male sexual behaviour in japanese quail. castrated males treated with testosterone were exposed for 5 min to one of four experimental conditions: (i) free interaction with a female (csb group); (ii) expression of rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements in response to the visual presentation of a female (asb-f group); (iii) or a male (asb-m group), and (iv) handling as a control manipulat ...	2006	16623844
integrated maps in quail (coturnix japonica) confirm the high degree of synteny conservation with chicken (gallus gallus) despite 35 million years of divergence.	by comparing the quail genome with that of chicken, chromosome rearrangements that have occurred in these two galliform species over 35 million years of evolution can be detected. from a more practical point of view, the definition of conserved syntenies helps to predict the position of genes in quail, based on information taken from the chicken sequence, thus enhancing the utility of this species in biological studies through a better knowledge of its genome structure. a microsatellite and an a ...	2006	16669996
search for qtl affecting the shape of the egg laying curve of the japanese quail.	egg production is of critical importance in birds not only for their reproduction but also for human consumption as the egg is a highly nutritive and balanced food. consequently, laying in poultry has been improved through selection to increase the total number of eggs laid per hen. this number is the cumulative result of the oviposition, a cyclic and repeated process which leads to a pattern over time (the egg laying curve) which can be modelled and described individually. unlike the total egg ...	2006	16677378
mlh1-focus mapping in birds shows equal recombination between sexes and diversity of crossover patterns.	using immunolocalization of the mismatch-repair protein mlh1 in oocytes and spermatocytes of the japanese quail and the zebra finch, we estimated the average amount of recombination in each sex of both species. in each case the number of mlh1 foci is statistically equivalent in males and females and the resulting sex-averaged map lengths are 2800 cm in the japanese quail and 2275 cm in the zebra finch. in the japanese quail the mlh1 foci are regularly distributed along the macrobivalents and rec ...	2006	16964567
a novel family of repetitive dna sequences amplified site-specifically on the w chromosomes in neognathous birds.	a novel family of repetitive dna sequences was molecularly cloned from apai-digested genomic dna of two galliformes species, japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and guinea fowl (numida meleagris), and characterized by chromosome in-situ hybridization and filter hybridization. both the repeated sequence elements produced intensely painted signals on the w chromosomes, whereas they weakly hybridized to whole chromosomal regions as interspersed-type repetitive sequences. the repeated elements of the ...	2006	16964568
fish on avian lampbrush chromosomes produces higher resolution gene mapping.	giant lampbrush chromosomes, which are characteristic of the diplotene stage of prophase i during avian oogenesis, represent a very promising system for precise physical gene mapping. we applied 35 chicken bac and 4 pac clones to both mitotic metaphase chromosomes and meiotic lampbrush chromosomes of chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) mapping on lampbrush chromosomes allowed us to distinguish closely locat ...	2006	17028954
in vitro degradation of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) by cytosolic enzymes of japanese quail and the rabbit.	hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (cl-20) is a polycyclic nitramine explosive and propellant, currently being considered as a potential replacement for existing cyclic nitramine explosives. earlier studies have provided evidence suggestive of adverse liver effects in adult coturnix spp. exposed to cl-20, yet analysis of tissue samples (plasma, liver, brain, heart, or spleen) indicated that cl-20 was not detectable in these treated animals. the present study was conducted to identify and purify the e ...	2006	17220092
on the positions of centromeres in chicken lampbrush chromosomes.	using immunostaining with antibodies against cohesin subunits, we show here that cohesin-enriched structures analogous to the so-called centromere protein bodies (pb) are the characteristic of galliform lampbrush chromosomes. their centromeric location was verified by fish with certain dna probes. pb-like structures were used as markers for centromere localization in chicken lampbrush chromosomes. the gap predicted to be centromeric in current chicken chromosome 3 sequence assembly was found to ...	2006	17115332
isolation of avian influenza virus a subtype h5n1 from internal contents (albumen and allantoic fluid) of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and oviduct during a natural outbreak.	avian influenza virus (aiv) was recovered from the internal contents of eggs, including mixture of albumen and allantoic fluid, and from the oviduct of naturally infected japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) flocks in the southern part of thailand. the virus titers of 10(4.6)-10(6.2) eld(50)/ml were directly measured from the internal content of infected eggs. the virus was isolated by chorioallantoic sac inoculation of embryonating chicken eggs. infected allantoic fluid was identified as ...	2006	17135508
avian transgenerational reproductive toxicity test with in ovo exposure.	ecological risk assessment of environmental pollutants requires effective laboratory assays and extrapolation of the resultant data to wild species. because avian reproductive disorder and accumulation of persistent compounds in wild birds and their eggs have long been observed in polluted regions, we have developed an assay for investigating whether pollutants accumulated in eggs impair the reproduction of the exposed birds and the survival of the next generation using the japanese quail. a typ ...	2006	16758213
study on genetic coadaptability of wild quail populations in china.	genetic coadaptability of wild japanese quail, wild common quail and domestic quail populations in china was studied using 7 microsatellite dna markers and monte carlo method to test genetic disequilibrium. the molecular effects of genetic coadaptability were analyzed through a new statistical model of neutral site. the results showed that genetic coadaptability dominated the genetic disequilibrium of the three quail populations, and totally 16.67%, 9.66% and 10.05% of non-allelic combinations w ...	2006	16704121
in situ end labeling of fragmented dna in induced ovarian atresia.	apoptosis is studied in a model of induced follicular atresia in the ovary of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by in situ end labeling of dna fragments in granulosa cells using two different techniques (incorporation of labeled nucleotides by dna polymerase i or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase). the most remarkable observation related to apoptosis in this model is the predominant cytoplasmic localization of labeled dna fragments, while dna fragmentation appears to be absent from ...	2006	7654330
carbamate poisoning. effects of selected carbamate pesticides on plasma enzymes and brain esterases of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		2006	7276383
organophosphate poisoning. effects of selected organophosphate pesticides on plasma enzymes and brain esterases of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).		2006	7276382
meiotic prophase in the left embryonic testis of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica l.).	spontaneous, transitory feminization of the left embryonic testis occurs in the majority of male japanese quails from day 11 of incubation until the 2nd day after hatching. the feminized gonad is composed of a testicular part and of an ovarian-like cortical region, which develops outside the tunica albuginea. the cortical region contains numerous germ cells some of which enter meiosis on day 11 (i.e. at the time characteristic of female germ cells) and reach pachytene on day 14. cortical regions ...	2006	3827252
sperm-egg interaction is mediated by a sperm-associated body in quail.	the present study describes the holes in the inner vitelline membrane of fertile eggs of the quail coturnix japonica, which remain after the spermatozoa pass through. it was shown that the light-microscopically observable 'holes' correspond mostly to electron-microscopically defined 'disks', and, to a lesser extent (about 5%), real holes. immunofluorescent staining of the vitelline membranes with an antiquail zpc antiserum was used to discriminate the holes from the disks light-microscopically. ...	2006	16466391
sex differences in the organizational effects of corticosterone in the egg yolk of quail.	previously, we found that experimentally elevated plasma corticosterone was transferred to egg yolk by female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), and that the chicks hatched from these eggs grew more slowly than controls and had higher responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis as adults. here, we tested whether exposure to high yolk corticosterone was responsible for the slowed growth and elevated hpa responsiveness by manipulating the steroid content of eggs direc ...	2006	16430891
effects of enclosure size on sexual behavior of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the authors determined whether results of experiments on copulatory and affiliative behavior of pairs of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) conducted in a closely confining apparatus would predict behavior in a large enclosure in which female quail could avoid contact with male quail. as found previously in studies of closely confined quail, in a large enclosure containing numerous barriers, both unmated female quail and mated female quail laying unfertilized eggs were more likely to remain near ...	2006	17115865
sexual fetishism in a quail (coturnix japonica) model system: test of reproductive success.	in the present study, the authors explored the reproductive consequences of fetishistic behavior in a previously developed animal model of sexual fetishism (f. köksal et al., 2004). male domesticated quail (coturnix japonica) received sexual conditioning trials in which a terrycloth object (the conditioned stimulus [cs]) was paired with the opportunity to copulate with a female quail (the unconditioned stimulus). approximately half of the male quail came to copulate with the cs object and were c ...	2006	17115864
reproductive aging in japanese quail, coturnix japonica is associated with changes in central opioid receptors.	quantitative in vitro autoradiography was used to measure specific mu and delta opioid receptor densities in regions of the japanese quail, coturnix japonica, brain that regulates reproductive endocrine and behavioral responses to determine the possible involvement of the opioid system in reproductive decline seen during aging. densities were measured in selected brain regions of young sexually active (yam), young photoregressed (ypm), old reproductively senescent (oim) male, young active (yf), ...	2006	17045975
gross morphological features of the lung and air sac in the japanese quail.	this study was conducted to reveal the morphological characteristics of the lung and air sacs in coturnix coturnix japonica (japanese quails). ten quails were allocated into two groups. tracheas of 5 quails with neoprene latex and 5 quails with methylmetacrylate were injected to fill the trachea and air sacs. latex embalmed animals were stored in 10% formaldehyde solution for two months. animals given methylmetacrylate were maserated in 30% potassium hydroxide at 40 degrees c for two days. lungs ...	2006	17019058
zona pellucida domain of zpb1 controls specific binding of zpb1 and zpc in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the extracellular matrix surrounding avian oocytes, referred to as the perivitelline membrane (pl), exhibits a three-dimensional network of fibrils between granulosa cells and the oocyte. we previously reported that one of its components, zpc, is synthesized in granulosa cells that are specifically incorporated into the pl; this incorporation might be mediated by a specific interaction with zpb1, another pl constituent, which is synthesized in the liver. in order to extend our previous findings, ...	2006	16974094
effects of diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol on gene transcription of very low-density apolipoprotein ii in the liver of japanese quail, coturnix japonica.	very low-density apolipoprotein ii (apovldl) is one of the constituents of yolk in avian eggs. the expression of the apovldl gene is highly specific to the liver in mature female birds during the egg-laying period but is stimulated by exogenous estrogens in immature male birds. in the present study, we compared the effects of two estrogenic compounds, diethylstilbestrol and ethinylestradiol, on the expression of apovldl mrna in the liver of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). three-week-old, imm ...	2006	16704069
supplementation of the maternal diet with tomato powder and marigold extract: effects on the antioxidant system of the developing quail.	the effects of natural dietary carotenoid supplementation of the maternal diet (tomato powder and marigold extract) on transfer to the egg yolk and on the development of the antioxidant system of the young quail liver in early postnatal life were investigated. sixty japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were allocated to four treatment groups, each with three replicates consisting of four females and one male each. the quail were fed on one of four different diets for 23 d, each of them ba ...	2006	16641031
experimental evidence that corticosterone affects offspring sex ratios in quail.	recent studies have shown that some species of birds have a remarkable degree of control over the sex ratio of offspring they produce. however, the mechanism by which they achieve this feat is unknown. hormones circulating in the breeding female are particularly sensitive to environmental perturbations, and so could provide a mechanism for her to bias the sex ratio of her offspring in favour of the sex that would derive greatest benefit from the prevailing environmental conditions. here, we pres ...	2006	16600886
dietary arginine silicate inositol complex improves bone mineralization in quail.	skeletal abnormalities, low bone mass, bone deformities, and bone fractures increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which are of concern from both a public standpoint and a cost-of-care burden standpoint. arginine silicate inositol complex (asi; arg = 49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) is a novel, bioavailable source of si and arg and one that offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are comm ...	2006	16553280
the effect of dma level on morphology and fertilising ability of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) spermatozoa.	the effect of different levels (2, 4 or 6%) of dma (dimethylacetamide) on the morphology and fertilising ability of unfrozen quail spermatozoa was evaluated. semen was collected from 72 males kept individually in cages and randomly divided into four groups: group i--control -- fresh undiluted semen (12 males) and three experimental groups (20 males each) - semen diluted 1:1 with lake's extender and supplemented with 2% (group ii), 4% (group iii) or 6% (group iv) of dma (final concentration). spe ...	2006	16188306
role of nitric oxide in ovarian follicular development and egg production in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	role of nitric oxide (no) in regulating the reproductive functions at hypothalamo-hypophysealovarian axis in japanese quail was studied. in first experiment, metabolites of no, i.e. nitrite and nitrate (no2 and no3) were estimated together in hypothalamus, serum and ovarian follicles of good and poor layers. in the second experiment, different no modulators such as l-arginine (l-arg), sodium nitroprusside (snp) and n(g)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, hcl (l-name) were administered to the birds. ...	2006	16221486
hereditary multiple malformation in japanese quail: a possible powerful animal model for morphogenetic studies.	hereditary multiple malformation (hmm), a new mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica), is controlled by an autosomal recessive gene. the proposed gene symbol for the mutant gene is hmm. the majority of the homozygotes die at the sixth day of incubation, and the remainder die at various stages by 15 days of incubation. the homozygotes surviving to the late embryonic stage have greatly shortened lower and upper beaks that are set apart and show an early embryo-like body shape, with feather ...	2006	9487677
comparison between oogenesis and related ovarian structures in a reptile, pseudemys scripta elegans (turtle) and in a bird coturnix coturnix japonica (quail).	the aspect of the oogonia during their premitotic dna synthesis and of the premeiocytes during their premeiotic dna synthesis was studied in turtles by autoradiography, after injection of 3h-thymidine. as in the adult laying quail, the intrafollicular oocytes of the adult turtle go through three successive stages: prelampbrush, lampbrush and postlampbrush. during the prelampbrush and lampbrush stage two kinds of nucleoli exist: peripheral and central. in contrast to avian yolk, during its final ...	2006	9269708
allelism of panda and dotted white plumage genes in japanese quail.	panda and dotted white mutant plumage colors of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were found to be controlled by the autosomal alleles. both mutants showed white plumage with colored spots or patches, but they were easily distinguishable by size and location of the colored areas and the color and markings of the pigmented feathers. at hatching also they were easily distinguishable by the position, size, and colors of the spots or patches. the panda chicks possessed large blackish patches on the ...	2006	8228175
light down--dominant plumage color mutation with homozygous lethality in japanese quail.	a new plumage color mutation in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) was named light down (ld) from its external appearance at hatching; it was expressed as an incompletely dominant autosomal gene, for which the symbol l is proposed. in the heterozygous neonates, black stripes on the head and back were narrow and yellowish stripes were wide, creating a lighter external appearance than that of the wild type. one-third of the homozygotes, which had creamy down plumules all over the body, died before ...	2006	8228174
visual pigments and oil droplets in genetically manipulated and carotenoid deprived quail: a microspectrophotometric study.	the spectral absorbances of visual pigments and retinal oil droplets were studied in three groups of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): an unselected control population and two artificially selected strains that exhibited different early approach preferences between blue and red stimuli. the oil droplets were examined with and without prior carotenoid deprivation. four cone pigments and five oil droplet types were identified, resembling those in other avian species. carotenoid deprivat ...	2007	8351832
reproductive toxicity of trenbolone acetate in embryonically exposed japanese quail.	this study was conducted to assess the effects of a one time embryonic exposure to trenbolone acetate on reproductive development and function in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). embryos were exposed to either 0.05, 0.5, 5, or 50microg trenbolone or a sesame oil vehicle control at embryonic day 4. onset of puberty, gonadal histopathology, sperm motility, cloacal gland size, and male copulatory behavior were assessed in adults. trenbolone delayed onset of puberty in males, inhibited cloacal gl ...	2007	16989888
effect of l-5-hydroxytryptophan on drinking behavior in coturnix japonica (temminck and schlegel, 1849) (galliformes: aves): involvement of renin-angiotensin system.	the purpose of this study was to explore the role of l-5-hydroxytryptophan (l-htp) and its relationship with the renin-angiotensin system (ras) on the drinking behavior in japanese quails. normally-hydrated quails that received injections of l-htp (12.5; 25 and 50 mg.kg-1) by the intracoelomic route (ic) expressed an increase in water intake, which was inhibited by captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor. in addition, captopril also induced such a response in birds under prev ...	2007	18278334
ultrastructure of pancreatic alpha and beta cells in young quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) fed aflatoxin.	the present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (af) containing diets on alpha and beta cells of the endocrine pancreas in young quails by means of light and electron microscopy. a total of thirty quails were divided into 3 groups, each comprising 10 animals. total af was incorporated into the diet of these groups, at dosages of 0 (control, group 1), 2.5 (group 2), and 5.0 (group 3) mg af/kg feed. the chicks were housed in electrically heated battery cages and exposed ...	2007	18181361
association of a single-nucleotide substitution in tyrp1 with roux in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	we investigated tyrp1 as a candidate locus for the recessive, sex-linked roux (br(r)) phenotype in japanese quail. a screen of the entire coding sequence of tyrp1 in roux and wild-type quail revealed a non-synonymous t-to-c substitution in exon 3, leading to a phe282ser mutation. this was perfectly associated with plumage phenotype: all roux birds were homozygous for ser282. co-segregation of the phe282ser mutation with the roux phenotype was confirmed in three br(r)/br+ x br(r)/- backcrosses. w ...	2007	18028514
mechanism of chalaza formation in quail eggs.	the present study was conducted to determine the mechanism of chalaza formation in eggs of the japanese quail coturnix japonica and to determine the production site of chalaza materials in the oviduct. electrophoretic profiles of the chalaza materials showed six bands of 480, 320, 210, 180, 96, and 58 kda following coomassie blue staining and one band of 600 kda after immunoblotting. an antiserum was produced against the 180-kda band. this antiserum and an antiserum generated against the 600-kda ...	2007	17938966
possible role of calcium on oocyte development after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in quail (coturnix japonica).	although a rise in intracellular calcium concentration of vertebrate oocytes plays a pivotal role for the initiation of fertilization or oocyte activation, no study on this subject has been reported in birds. this study was conducted to study the role of intracellular calcium in relation to fertilization in avian oocytes. first, immediately after a quail oocyte was injected with a sperm, it was treated with strontium chloride as an inducer for intracellular calcium rise at doses of 0, 2.5, 5, 7. ...	2007	17899613
nocturnal plasma levels of melatonin in quails (coturnix japonica) injected with l-5-hydroxy-tryptophan.	this study aimed to demonstrate the influence of the systemic administration of l-5-hydroxy-tryptophan (l-htp) on the plasma levels of melatonin during the dark period in quails. throughout daylight, the plasma levels of melatonin did not differ significantly, oscillating between 110.2 +/- 15.8 pg.ml(-1) and 157.4 +/- 34.8 pg.ml(-1), from 8 to 16 hours. l-htp (25 mg.kg(-1), through the intracelomic route) administered at 18 hours lessened significantly the nocturnal increase of the plasma levels ...	2007	17876450