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respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children, is rarely considered among the causes for community-acquired lower respiratory infection in adults. all noninstitutionalized adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in two ohio counties were evaluated between december 1990 and may 1992. fifty-three (4.4%) of 1195 adults admitted during the rsv seasons and 4 (1.0%) of 390 in the off-season had serologic evidence of ...19968769600
the pharmacokinetics, antigenicity, and fusion-inhibition activity of rshz19, a humanized monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus, in healthy volunteers.single ascending doses of rshz19 (also known as sb 209763), a humanized monoclonal antibody (mab) directed to the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus, were administered to healthy men to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, antigenicity, and fusion inhibition (fi) activity of rshz19. doses of rshz19 (0.025-10.0 mg/kg) or placebo were infused over 30 min, and subjects were followed for 10 weeks. plasma concentrations of rshz19 and rshz19-specific antibodies were determined by elisas. ...19968769601
amiloride inhibits cytokine production in epithelium infected with respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and children. rsv preferentially infects airway epithelium and causes local production of inflammatory cytokines. ribavirin, the only specific agent available for treatment of rsv infection, has limited effectiveness. there are few data regarding the ability of drugs to modulate the inflammatory response of epithelium infected with rsv. this study evaluated the effect of amiloride and ribavirin on cytokine producti ...19968770057
effect of malnutrition on serum and milk antibodies in zairian women.serum and human milk antimicrobial antibody titers were measured longitudinally in 17 malnourished and 14 control zairian women during 6 to 18 months of lactation to test whether malnutrition is specifically associated with an impaired secretory antibody response. no decreases in total serum and human milk immunoglobulin concentrations, neutralizing antibody titers against rotavirus, or specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers against rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, esc ...19968770501
selection and evolution of high-affinity human anti-viral antibodies.high-affinity human anti-viral antibodies [e.g. for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv)] can be selected from immune phage-display libraries using a variety of strategies. a small subset of these antibodies show potent neutralization in vitro and anti-viral efficacy in vivo in animal models. the affinities of such antibodies arising from secondary or higher order immune responses can be improved using "cdr walking'. sequen ...19968771795
neutralizing and enhancing activities of human respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibodies.the neutralizing and enhancing activities of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific antibodies were examined. these two biological activities were measured for a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to the rsv surface f and g glycoproteins. four mabs specific for the f protein possessed both neutralizing and enhancing activities. one mab (11-2-d2), specific to the g protein, enhanced rsv infection of u937 cells, a human macrophage cell line, but did not neutralize virus infecti ...19968705669
surface display on staphylococci: a comparative study.two different host-vector expression systems, designed for cell surface display of heterologous receptors on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus, respectively, were compared for the surface display of four variants of a 101 amino acid region derived from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). surface localization of the different chimeric receptors was evaluated by a colorimetric assay and by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. it was concluded that the s. ...19968706888
the structurally diverse intergenic regions of respiratory syncytial virus do not modulate sequential transcription by a dicistronic minigenome.the first nine genes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus, are separated by intergenic regions which range in size from 1 to 52 nucleotides for strain a2 and lack obvious consensus elements except that each ends in an a (genome sense). their significance for gene expression was investigated by using rsv-cat-luc rna, a helper-dependent cdna-encoded dicistronic analog of rsv genomic rna in which the viral genes were replaced by a negative-sense copy of the ...19968709239
acute bronchiolitis--a perennial problem. 19968709682
dexamethasone in bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial.although corticosteroids are commonly prescribed in the treatment of bronchiolitis, there is no evidence on the efficacy of these drugs in this disorder. we designed a randomised, double-blind, prospective study to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone in infants with bronchiolitis who require hospital management.19968709687
[protection and hygienic measures in respiratory syncytial virus infections]. 19968718195
combination antiviral therapy for respiratory virus infections.a limited number of antiviral drug combinations have been shown to have enhanced activity for important human respiratory viruses. rimantadine or amantadine combined with ribavirin shows increased antiviral effects in vitro and in experimental animal models. this combination warrants testing in human influenza. immunoglobulin containing neutralizing anti-rsv antibody combined with ribavirin shows enhanced antiviral effects in experimental animal infections and provides clinical benefit in severe ...19968721543
community respiratory virus infections among hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant recipients.from 1 november 1992 through 1 may 1993 and from 1 november 1993 through 1 may 1994, we conducted a prospective surveillance study at the university of texas m.d. anderson cancer center (houston) to evaluate the role of community respiratory virus infections in hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients, respiratory secretions were obtained from all adult bmt recipients with acute respiratory illnesses. during these two winters, a community respiratory virus was isolated from 37 ...19968722930
quantitative investigation of population persistence and recurrent outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on dairy farms.to determine if transmission of virus among seropositive cattle is a plausible mechanism for the permanent presence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in dairy herds, and how likely, with the scenario for persistence, there will be only 1 clinical outbreak of brsv per year.19968723872
early ribavirin treatment did not prevent severe disease in high-risk bronchopulmonary dysplasia patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19968726162
respiratory failure caused by dual infection with bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus.two infants with pneumonia caused by both bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus (rs virus) suffered respiratory failure preceded by convulsion. detection of respiratory pathogens with polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was crucial in the management of dually infected infants.19968741324
peptides from conserved regions of paramyxovirus fusion (f) proteins are potent inhibitors of viral fusion.the synthetic peptides dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), derived from separate domains within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) transmembrane (tm) protein, gp4l, are stable and potent inhibitors of hiv-1 infection and fusion. using a computer searching strategy (computerized antiviral searching technology, c.a.s.t.) based on the predicted secondary structure of dp-107 and dp-178 (t-20), we have identified conserved heptad repeat domains analogous to the dp-107 and dp-178 regions of hiv-1 g ...19968700906
replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in ovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro.adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells obtained from the peripheral blood of normal lambs supported the replication of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. sequential treatment of monocytes with phorbol ester acetate (pma) enhanced their ability to support viral replication. after exposure in vitro for 24 h, viral antigens were present in 47 +/- 4.5% of monocytes and 32 +/- 3% of lymphocytes. treatment of monocytes with pma resulted in the increase of the proportion of cells express ...19968701568
respiratory syncytial virus infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.immunocompromised patients are considered at increased risk from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we examined the incidence and outcome of rsv infection in pediatric renal transplant (tx) recipients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. of 173 recipients transplanted between november 1985 and april 1993, 5 (3%) developed rsv infection (age range 11-39 months). initial immunosuppression included prednisone, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and polyclonal antibody therapy. time from tx to o ...19968703717
vitamin a and respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19968704901
cytologic manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a case report.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, especially bone marrow transplant recipients, is associated with high mortality. early diagnosis in these cases is important because antiviral therapy with ribavirin is effective in reducing mortality.19968669193
[an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis among infants in northern israel].in the wake of a community outbreak of bronchiolitis in northern israel from december 1993 to march 1994, we conducted a retrospective study of 108 infants aged 2 weeks to 14 months with proven respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection (diagnosed by a rapid rsv antigen test in nasopharyngeal secretions). 47% of the infants were less than 8 weeks old. mean hospital stay was 6.6 days (range 1-60). the characteristic clinical findings were: cough in all patients, dyspnea in 96%, rhinitis in 95% a ...19968682391
mutant forms of the f protein of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus induce a cytotoxic t lymphocyte response but not a neutralizing antibody response and only transient resistance to rs virus infection.vaccinia virus (vv) recombinants expressing either wild-type (va-f) or mutant forms (va-ft, va-fr47, va-fs1 to va-fs6) of the fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus were examined for their ability to elicit antibody, cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and protection against rs virus infection in balb/c mice. cells infected with the va-f and va-ft recombinants expressed the f protein on their surface and mice vaccinated with these recombinants developed rs virus neutralizing antibodies ...19968683212
proposed three-dimensional model for the attachment protein g of respiratory syncytial virus.protein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an envelope glycoprotein that is structurally very different from its counterparts (haemagglutinin-neuraminidase and haemagglutinin) in other paramyxoviruses. in this study, we put forward a model for this unique viral envelope protein. we propose that protein g of rsv contains several independently folding regions, with the ectodomain consisting of a conserved central hydrophobic region located between two polymeric mucin-like regions. the centr ...19968683213
purified fusion protein vaccine protects against lower respiratory tract illness during respiratory syncytial virus season in children with cystic fibrosis.to test in a double blind, placebo-controlled study a purified fusion protein (pfp-2) vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in rsv-seropositive children with cystic fibrosis (cf).19968684872
type-specific serologic diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection, based on a synthetic peptide of the attachment protein g.peptides deduced from the central hydrophobic region (residues 158-189) of the g protein of bovine and ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and of human rsv subtypes a and b were synthesized. these peptides were used to develop elisas to measure specifically antibodies against these types and subtypes of rsv. we have evaluated the bovine rsv-g peptide in both an indirect elisa and in a blocking elisa. specificity and sensitivity, relative to a routine diagnostic elisa that detects antibodies ...19968699029
intranasal monoclonal iga antibody to respiratory syncytial virus protects rhesus monkeys against upper and lower respiratory tract infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants, is thought to infect the upper airways before spreading to the lower respiratory tract. a rhesus monkey model of rsv infection after upper airway inoculation was used to test the protective effect of intranasal treatment with hnk20, a mouse monoclonal iga antibody against rsv f glycoprotein. hnk20 was administered once daily for 2 days before rsv challenge and 4 days after challenge. treatment with ...19968699052
induction of interleukin (il)-8 gene expression by respiratory syncytial virus involves activation of nuclear factor (nf)-kappa b and nf-il-6.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) preferentially infects respiratory epithelium and is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. rsv induces the production of interleukin (il)-8 in airway epithelial cells; however, the mechanism of this induction is not known. to define the mechanism by which rsv induces il-8 gene activation, a549 epithelial cells were transfected with plasmids containing serial deletions of the 5'-flanking region of the il-8 gene and then expos ...19968699053
community-based respiratory viral infections in hiv positive patients with lower respiratory tract disease: a prospective bronchoscopic study.to evaluate the contribution of community-based respiratory virus infections to lower respiratory tract disease in hiv-1 infected individuals.19968655183
deprivation and bronchiolitis.to test the hypothesis that socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased risk of admission with clinically suspected bronchiolitis.19968660048
undetectable ige responses after respiratory syncytial virus infection.sequential nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 81 infants from one day to three months after admission to hospital with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. samples from 21 infants were assayed for anti-rsv ige in an antigen capture elisa assay. no ige antibodies were detected although an assay of iga antibodies carried out in parallel by a similar technique detected iga antibodies in the secretions of all patients tested. neither prior absorption of iga or igg, concentration o ...19968660074
use of tilmicosin in a severe outbreak of respiratory disease in weaned beef calves.severe respiratory disease, associated with seroconversion to bovine respiratory syncitial virus (brsv), caused the death of two cattle and necessitated antibiotic treatment of 70 calves (rectal temperature of 39.6 degrees c or greater) from a group of 96 (73%) during an 8-day period. tilmicosin injection resulted in a reduction in median rectal temperature from 40.3 degrees c to 39.2 degrees c and 39.0 degrees c for the first and second days after treatment. the rectal temperature was 39.5 degr ...19968660201
host cell effect upon glycosylation and antigenicity of human respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein.infection of different human epithelial cell lines with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) revealed significant differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the viral attachment glycoprotein (g). cell-type specific differences in g protein glycosylation were observed with certain lectins and sugar-specific reagents. furthermore, substantial changes in the reactivity of the g glycoprotein with anti-g monoclonal antibodies were associated to the infected cell type. strain-specific epitopes ...19968661440
respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with congenital heart disease: a review.this paper reviews recent changes in morbidity and mortality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infants with congenital heart disease. mortality since the late 1970s has declined substantially, from approximately 37% to 3%. although the frequency of admission to intensive care units has declined from approximately 60% to 30%, the frequency for mechanical ventilatory support has not changed significantly. because mortality dropped prior to the widespread use of ribavirin, it is dif ...19968662029
serum respiratory virus antibodies: predictor of reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (fev1) in norwegian adults.the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether the presence of serum complement antibodies was associated with reduced one-second forced expiratory volume (fev1) in adults.19968666481
detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in the lungs of guinea pigs 6 weeks after experimental infection and despite of the production of neutralizing antibodies.infections with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are characterized by frequently occurring reinfections and are regarded to be responsible for bronchial hyperreactivity. in this report we describe a small-animal model suited to study rsv-induced pathogenesis and immune response. guinea pigs are infected by inhalation of an rsv-aerosol. lungs of infected animals show signs of a bronchiolitis at 7 days after the initial infection. although neutralizing serum antibodies are synthesized viral prote ...19968645083
respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion to cultured respiratory epithelial cells. roles of cd18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in children precipitate acute episodes of respiratory obstruction that are associated with influx of inflammatory cells into the airway. since rsv can induce the expression of adhesion molecules, particularly intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), by the respiratory epithelium, the hypothesis has been proposed that icam-1 expression contributes to airway inflammation by supporting adhesion and retention of infiltrating inflammatory leukocytes. to ...19968648124
detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae by two polymerase chain reactions and role of m. pneumoniae in acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients.mycoplasma pneumoniae and viruses in acute respiratory tract infections in children were studied during the winter of 1992-1993 in antwerp, belgium. m. pneumoniae was diagnosed in nasopharyngeal aspirates by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). for this, amplification of a fragment of the pi adhesin gene in samples prepared by two methods was compared in two laboratories, and in one laboratory, a fragment of the 16s rrna gene was amplified. the sensitivity of culture versus pcr was 61.5% ...19968648218
polyanion inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and other viruses. part 2. polymerized anionic surfactants derived from amino acids and dipeptides.a series of new polyanions was synthesized via gamma-polymerization, in aqueous micellar solution, of omega-unsaturated anionic surfactants whose polar head was derived from amino acids or dipeptides. the obtained polyanions were evaluated for their activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1, hiv-2) and various other rna and dna viruses. all the test compounds proved active against hiv-1 and hiv-2, their 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) being in the range of 0.04-7.5 micrograms/ml, ...19968648602
management of severe bronchiolitis: indications for ventilator support.bronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness in children. we reviewed our experience of children under one year presenting to an intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis in order to determine if ethnicity, prematurity, arterial carbon dioxide tension or nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for respiratory syncytial virus were related to the need for ventilator assistance.19968649668
[quick diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in children, and the infection spreads rapidly in hospitals. it is therefore important to diagnose the disease quickly. we have examined two quick tests for detecting rsv-antigen in nasopharyngeal aspirates: directigen rsv (becton dickinson, md, usa) and testpack rsv (abbott laboratories, chicago, il, usa). both tests are based on the enzyme immunoassay (eia) principle. the results were compared with a method u ...19968650634
severe respiratory disease in dairy cows caused by infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.outbreaks of severe respiratory disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were recorded in dairy herds throughout sweden in 1988 and subsequently. the virus was demonstrated in nasopharyngeal swab material from animals in the acute stage of the disease by culture, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and by immunofluorescence. serological data from the herds investigated showed that the cows had seroconverted to brsv rather than to bovine coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhoea viru ...19968650902
validation of a nutritional screen in children with respiratory syncytial virus admitted to an intensive care complex.we sought to validate a nutritional screen that was easy to perform and accurate in identifying pediatric patients at risk for adverse clinical outcomes based on their nutritional status.19968632943
decreasing hospital admissions for childhood asthma in sweden. 19968640035
mxa protein in infants and children with respiratory tract infection.mxa protein--a stable product of cells stimulated by type i interferons--was examined prospectively for its ability to discriminate between viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections (rtis) in 182 infants and children. the nasopharyngeal secretions (npss) of all of them were tested for mxa using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and the whole blood of 92. seventy-three children undergoing elective surgery served as controls. these apparently healthy children had higher levels of s ...19968640043
live subgroup b respiratory syncytial virus vaccines that are attenuated, genetically stable, and immunogenic in rodents and nonhuman primates.optimal immunization of neonates against disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) probably will require multiple doses of a vaccine containing viruses of both subgroups a and b. live subgroup b rsv mutants were generated containing multiple attenuating mutations, ts (temperature-sensitive) and non-ts (host range), that were introduced by prolonged passage in cell culture or by chemical mutagenesis. the cold-passaged (cp)-52 mutant was restricted in replication compared to wild type vi ...19968603960
respiratory syncytial virus g-protein modulates cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and adults. in vivo the host has to cope with intact replicative virus, with non-replicative virus, and/or with viral structural proteins including the outer membrane g-protein. we analyzed the role of purified rsv g-protein with regard to its modulatory efficacy for interleukin (il) -10, il-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pb ...19968604019
fatal pneumonia in adult dairy cattle associated with active infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. 19968640646
concern about vaccine study. 19968641937
cloning, expression and functional activities of a single chain antibody fragment directed to fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus.hnk20 is a murine iga which is currently being investigated in clinical trials against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in infants and young children.19969373314
[respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection: our series].the authors report 57 cases of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection. the diagnosis was performed by detection of specific serum antibodies of igm class or by direct detection of rsv antigens in nasopharyngeal specimens. most of the patients were younger than one year. no one had risk factors for severe rsv infection form. all patients recovered. the authors emphasize the difficulties to discriminate between bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonitis on the basis of ...199612858027
[the standardization of an ultramicro elisa assay for the detection of igg antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus].an ultramicro elisa assay of double antibody for the detection of igg antibodies to the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was standardized. it was used a rvs antiprotein f monoclonal antibody produced by the genetic engineering and biotechnology center (gebc) in havana. the use of this antibody allowed to include crude antigenic preparations instead of purified fractions, which caused a significant reduction of the reactivity obtained with the antigen control. the assay conditions were determine ...19969805041
[a comparison of the nci-h292 line with other continuous lines for the multiplication of respiratory viruses].the nci-h292 continual line of mucoepidermoid cells of the human lungs has been reported to be useful for the propagation of many viruses, mainly adenovirus and paramyxovirus. it is stated the possible substitution of primary cultures of monkey kidney for nci-h292 in order to isolate such agents. in the present paper it is evaluated the utility of this line for multiplying the respiratory syncytial viruses adenovirus 3 and 7, and the parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3, in comparison with the cont ...19969805045
monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus for rapid detection and subgroup determination.thirty-one hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against structural proteins of rsv subgroup a (long strain) and rsv subgroup b (japanese wild strain) were produced and separated into three groups by their reactivities with rsv-a and rsv-b using ifa. group i was specific to rsv-a, group ii was specific to rsv-b and group iii was specific to both subgroups. characterization of selected two mabs from each group indicated that three mabs recognized phosphoprotein (p) and the others reco ...19969253866
serum eosinophil cationic protein and interleukin-5 in children with bronchial asthma and acute bronchiolitis.the aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ecp), interleukin-5 (il-5) and total eosinophil counts in childhood asthma and bronchiolitis. these parameters were measured in 44 children aged 12-84 months with moderate and mild asthma during symptomatic and asymptomatic phases of disease. fifteen of the patients were included at the time of admission to hospital due to an acute asthmatic attack, and ten of these were also examined one month ...19969151339
respiratory syncytial virus immunology. 19969156738
cell-mediated immune responses of lambs to experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.primary infection of lambs with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was characterised by the presence of virus-specific cytotoxic cells in the peripheral blood as early as 5 days post-infection. these effector cells lysed virus-infected autologous targets in a self-restricted manner. depletion techniques revealed that cytotoxic activity was largely due to ovcd8+ cells. neutrophils obtained from experimentally infected lambs 5 to 10 days post-inoculation exhibited significant cytotoxic activ ...19969157688
antigens of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in peripheral blood lymphocytes of experimentally infected lambs.eight lambs were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the distribution of viral antigen in lymphocyte subpopulations studied by flow cytometry. experimental infection with bovine rsv was characterised by significant changes in lymphocyte subpopulations. infection was followed by a significant (p <0.001) reduction in the number of cells expressing the ovcd5 epitope (t cells), due to a fall in the number of cells expressing the ovcd4 epitope (helper) and those ...19969157689
immunoglobulin therapy in kawasaki syndrome and rsv prophylaxis.kawasaki syndrome and rsv infection are common illnesses that afflict infants and young children. recent studies demonstrate that intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) treatment significantly reduces the clinical severity of these illnesses. the purpose of the current review will be initially to examine mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in ks and rsv infection. this will be followed by a discussion of the potential mechanisms by which ivig acts in these two illnesses. in both ks and rsv prophylaxis ...19969159245
respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized young children with acute lower respiratory illnesses in al ain, uae.to establish the frequency and clinical pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the region, children under 3 years of age admitted for acute lower respiratory illness during two winter seasons of the years 1993-94 and 1994-95 were studied prospectively. seventy two cases were diagnosed to have rsv infection among the 252 studied, representing 28.57% of these patients. the overall infection rate was 32.1% and 36.5% respectively for the two studied winter seasons. among these chi ...19969057448
[a potential rapid immunoperoxidase method of diagnosis in infections due to the respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses and adenoviruses]. 19969116403
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus by indirect immunofluorescence in infants hospitalized with acute respiratory disease. 19969070408
respiratory syncytial virus infection in the elderly.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children throughout the world. respiratory syncytial virus infections in the elderly represent reinfections in the hosts who have had many prior episodes. thus, rsv infections are usually not considered serious in adults, since reinfections are generally known to result in mild disease. nevertheless, in adults, as in children, the infection has been reported to cause altered airway res ...19969072495
[clinical, therapeutic and developmental aspects of acute bronchiolitis in tunisia].fourteen infants with severe acute bronchiolitis were admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) of tunis. this pathology represents 36% of severe bronchopulmonary infections admitted to this icu. their age ranged between 2 and 48 weeks (mean: 15 weeks). eight infants had hypotrophy. two infants had congenital heart disease and one infant had tracheo-bronchomalacia. viruses were found in 6/11 patients. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was identified in five patients and an adenovirus in one pati ...19969183423
[subgroups classification of strains of the respiratory syncytial virus isolated in an outbreak in ciudad de la havana].a high number of acute respiratory diseases was detected among children under one year admitted in a hospital of havana city. 25 respiratory syncytial virus strains were obtained from 93 patients studied. viral isolations were multiplied in hep-2 cells and after observing a cytopathic effect of 80%, they were classified into subgroups by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, using anti-protein g antibodies from the respiratory syncytial virus. all the samples studied were classified within ...19969768286
experimental researches in infections with associated myxoviruses in the mouse.infections with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, to which there were associated parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, adenovirus type 3, and respiratory syncytial virus long strain, were experimentally induced in white mice. the experimental models were set up so as to permit the obtaining of an associated infection with three viruses, in which the influenza virus should be inoculated the first, the participation of the others being variable, according to their presence by a ...19969495782
some virological and pathomorphological aspects of the respiratory system in the experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus associated with influenza virus, parainfluenza virus type 3 and adenovirus in the mouse.infections with respiratory syncytial virus long strain, associated with influenza virus, a/beijing 353/89 (h3n2) strain, parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, and adenovirus type 3, were experimentally induced in white mice, causing histological, histochemical and histoenzymatic lesions at the respiratory system level, the severity of which exceeded the one observed in the controls infected with a single virus. the pathomorphological changes made up an inflammatory, predominantly infiltrat ...19969495783
immunological response of mice to the bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein expressed in recombinant baculovirus infected insect cells.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a major cause of respiratory disease in calves. the brsv genome encodes two major glycoproteins, g and f, which are the major targets for the host antibody response. we have expressed the f glycoprotein in insect cells (sf9) using a recombinant baculovirus vector. a comparison of the f protein expressed in mammalian and insect cells by sds-page showed that only part of the baculovirus-produced protein was soluble and processed like the native protein. ...19969526539
use of an in-house-built ribavirin aerosol evacuation system to control incidental employee exposure to ribavirin aerosol.ongoing controversy regarding the hazards of exposure of healthcare workers to ribavirin aerosol led to the design and evaluation of a ribavirin aerosol evacuation system that scavenges the excess ribavirin. an oxyhood was placed within a croupette oxygen and cool mist tent. the tent was placed under negative pressure, using the hospital wall suction. air samples were taken to determine ambient air concentrations and patient exposure concentrations and were compared to airborne ribavirin concent ...199610154627
respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons.the acute respiratory illnesses are the most common type of acute illness in the united states today. the respiratory viruses--which include influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses--cause the majority of these illnesses. some of these viruses cause illness throughout the year, whereas others are most common in winter. all population groups experience these infections and illnesses. as the number of elderly persons ...199710868136
community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer.community respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and picornaviruses, are an important cause of respiratory disease in the immunocompromised adult with cancer. recent studies have demonstrated that a minimum of 31% of adult bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients and 18% of adults with leukemia who are hospitalized with an acute respiratory illness have a community respiratory virus infection. the temporal occurrence ...199710868137
community respiratory viruses in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection.respiratory viruses, particularly influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses, are ubiquitous pathogens among humans, especially among young children. however, relatively little is known about the impact of these common infections on individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a review of the literature identifies three key areas that need further exploration. first, moderate-to-severe and even fatal lower respiratory viral illnesses ...199710868138
respiratory virus infections after marrow transplant: the fred hutchinson cancer research center experience.respiratory virus infections are becoming increasingly appreciated causes of morbidity and mortality in bone marrow transplant recipients. fred hutchinson cancer research center (fhcrc) has had considerable experience with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza, influenza, and rhinovirus infections in these patients over the past decade. overall, rsv accounted for the majority of community-acquired respiratory virus infections (35%), followed by parainfluenza virus (30%), rhinovirus (2 ...199710868139
community respiratory viruses: organ transplant recipients.respiratory infections are common after solid organ transplantation, but the significance of community respiratory viral infections in this patient population has not been determined. review of the literature indicates that infection of organ transplant recipients by community respiratory viruses can result in significant morbidity with some associated mortality. these viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus (piv), influenza virus, and adenovirus. as in normal host ...199710868140
respiratory virus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients: the european perspective.the role of respiratory viruses in severe complications following bone marrow transplantation was examined in a survey of selected transplant centers in europe belonging to the european group for blood and marrow transplantation. information was collected on 57 cases of infections with respiratory viruses, including adenoviruses. in two centers that had conducted prospective studies of bone marrow recipients with respiratory symptoms, the frequency of these infections was 7.1% and 4%, respective ...199710868142
infection control of nosocomial respiratory viral disease in the immunocompromised host.among immunocompromised adults, such as bone marrow transplant recipients, more than half of respiratory viral infections are complicated by pneumonia, with an associated mortality rate > 50%. nosocomial transmission of respiratory viral pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza, in the immunocompromised patient has been reported frequently and usually occurs during a community outbreak. in view of the poor outcome in this subset of patients, intensive efforts should be ...199710868143
prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses in immunocompromised patients.immunocompromised patients are vulnerable to severe infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza viruses (piv), and therefore prevention and treatment strategies must be considered. the prevention of rsv disease with high-titer rsv-specific immune globulin has been documented in very young children but has not been systematically studied in high-risk adults. vaccines against rsv and piv are under development, but their use in immunocompromised patients is problematic. ri ...199710868145
local variability in respiratory syncytial virus disease severity.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections are considered to be a serious disease in centres such as the sophia children's hospital (rotterdam, the netherlands), but as more benign infections in others such as the geneva children's hospital (switzerland). to assess the clinical severity of rsv infections at the two sites, 151 infants primarily admitted with a virologically confirmed rsv infection were studied prospectively (1994-5) and retrospectively (1993-4) (55 infan ...19979487963
[virus-bacteria co-infections].influenza is the best known model of bacterial-viral co-infection. epidemics of influenza result in an increased hospital admission rate for bacterial pneumonia due to pneumococcus, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureus. similarly, an increased incidence of meningococcal diseases, particularly severe forms, follows the influenza outbreaks, with a two week delay. though the precise mechanism is not known, the depression of host's phagocytes bactericidal activity by the influenza virus ...19979488749
respiratory syncytial virus genotypes and disease severity among children in hospital.to determine the spectrum of n and g genotypes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causing respiratory tract infection and whether particular genotypes are associated with severity of infection.19979496185
[etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections among children younger than 5 years old in santa fe].the etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ari) and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in children less than 5 years old living in santa fe city, argentina, was studied. a total of 518 children were included in the study: 450 suffering from ari and 68 asymptomatic children. blood samples, pleural effusions and nasopharyngeal secretions (ns) were obtained from children for bacterial isolations. ns was also used for fluorescent antibody techniques, and serum samples were employed for ...19979532829
cd8+ t cells control th2-driven pathology during pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infection.balb/c mice vaccinated with vaccinia virus expressing the major surface glycoprotein g of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) develop lung eosinophilia during rsv challenge. the g protein is remarkable in that it induces cd4+, but no cd8+ t cells in this mouse strain. studies using passive t cell transfers show that co-injection of cd8+ t cells greatly reduces the th2-driven lung eosinophilia caused by g-specific cd4+ t cells. by contrast, vaccination with the fusion protein (f) induces both cd8+ ...19979464822
[workshop on molecular epidemiology of viral diseases].a workshop on viral epidemiology was held on september 29, 1995 at the medical school of the universidad nacional autónoma de mexico. the aim of this workshop was to promote interaction among scientists working in viral epidemiology. eighteen scientists from ten institutions presented their experiences and work. general aspects of the epidemiology of meaningful viral diseases in the country were discussed, and lectures presented on the rota, polio, respiratory syncytial, dengue, papiloma, rabies ...19979504103
[breast feeding for prevention of viral acute respiratory diseases in infants].the incidence of acute viral respiratory diseases (confirmed by immunofluorescence test) was compared in a group of 159 infants aged 0-9 months breast-fed at least once daily and in a group of 608 infants of similar age and hospitalization duration receiving only artificial food. the incidence was significantly lower in breast-fed infants (p = 0.00057), especially in the first trimester of life (p = 0.00039). this was valid of all rsv infections (p = 0.01854) and parainfluenza type 4 virus infec ...19979554153
[usefulness of etiologic studies in children hospitalized for pneumonia].the aims of this study were: 1) to assess the effectiveness of viral culture and serology. 2) to check if there are clinical differences between patients with viral or bacterial infections. 3) assessment of treatment, previous to and during the hospital stay.19979586290
[application of the polymerase chain reaction for detecting respiratory syncytial virus].the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed in order to identify the respiratory syncytial virus by using the reference strain. the high sensitivity and specificity obtained show the pcr utility for detecting the rsv genoma and its application on the diagnosis.19979685955
[evaluation of a mouse anti-igg-fluorescein conjugate using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques].an immunoglobulin g of mouse was purified from sera by affinity chromatography in protein a. the rabbits whose sera were able to recognize the antigen injected by double immunodiffusion were immunized with this preparation. the antibodies were precipitated from the rabbit's serum and purified by ion exchange chromatography. this preparation was conjugated to fluorescin isothiocyanate according to the conventional technique. the conjugated obtained was evaluated with the reference strains of para ...19979685974
[drugs active against respiratory viruses].few molecules are active against respiratory viruses. in upper respiratory tract infections, which are frequent and fortunately not severe, their deficiency is not a problem. however some molecules are able to block in vitro the interaction between a rhinovirus and its receptor: anti-receptor antibodies, soluble icam-1, capsid-binding agents. the lower respiratory tract infections (bronchiolitis, pneumonia...), mainly due to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses are potentially more ...19979183939
phosphorylation of canine distemper virus p protein by protein kinase c-zeta and casein kinase ii.transcription by nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is mediated by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase and transcriptional cofactor p. the p protein is activated by phosphorylation, an event initiated by cellular kinases. the kinase used differs among this group of rna viruses; vesicular stomatitis virus and respiratory syncytial virus utilize casein kinase ii (ckii), whereas human parainfluenza virus type 3 utilizes pkc isoform zeta (pkc-zeta) for activation of its p protein. to identi ...19979185603
successful treatment of severe dysrhythmias in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections: two cases and a literature review.to describe severe myocardial manifestations in two infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection and to review published literature reporting cardiac involvement in patients with respiratory syncytial virus disease.19979187611
milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cows given bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine prior to parturition.to assess the effect of vaccination against bovine respiratory syncytial virus on milk production, reproductive performance, and health in lactating dairy cows.19979187730
communicable diseases surveillance. 19979188219
analysis of the gene start and gene end signals of human respiratory syncytial virus: quasi-templated initiation at position 1 of the encoded mrna.the gene start (gs) and gene end (ge) transcription signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2 were analyzed in helper-dependent monocistronic and dicistronic minireplicons which were complemented by a standard rsv strain. the gs signal, which is the start site for mrna synthesis, is highly conserved for the first nine genes: 3'-ccccguuua(u/c) (negative sense). this conserved version of the signal was analyzed by "saturation" mutagenesis, in which all 10 positions, as well as o ...19979188557
biochemical characterizations of two temperature-sensitive and attenuated strains of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b.cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive (ts), attenuated strains of respiratory syncytial virus have been developed from a b subgroup clinical isolate for potential use as vaccine candidates. the replication of two b subgroup ts mutant viruses (2b33f and 2b20l) at the permissive and nonpermissive temperatures have been compared with that of the parental 2b virus to establish differences that may account for their ts and/or attenuated phenotypes. we have shown that the ts restriction at 39 degrees c ...19979188559
modulation of bovine t cell responses by il-12 and the influence of il-4 on interferon-gamma responses to respiratory syncytial virus. 19979191335
transcriptional induction of multiple cytokines by human respiratory syncytial virus requires activation of nf-kappa b and is inhibited by sodium salicylate and aspirin.infection of the lung epithelial cell line a549 by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) resulted in the elevated synthesis of multiple cellular cytokines, including a number of interleukins (ils). detailed studies of il-11 induction revealed that it required infection by viable virus and involved a net increase in the steady state level of il-11 mrna. nuclear run-on assays showed a direct effect of rsv on il-11 gene transcription. mutational analysis of the il-11 promoter fused to a reporter lucife ...19979191851
incidence, etiologic pathogens, and diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia.determination of the etiologic pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia has been problematic because of the lack of reliable rapid laboratory diagnostic tools as well as the controversy concerning diagnostic criteria. in the studies reviewed here, a specific pathogen was identified in 39% to 88% of patients. streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. depending on the demographics of the study, between 2% to 43% of cases have been attributed to legion ...19979193852
determination of the disulfide bond arrangement of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) protein by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.the attachment protein or g protein of the a2 strain of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). one tryptic peptide produced a mass by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (maldi) time-of-flight (tof) mass spectrometry (ms) corresponding to residues 152-187 with the four cys residues of the ectodomain (residues 173, 176, 182, and 186) in disulfide linkage and abse ...19979194191
a subtype-specific peptide-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies to the g protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is more sensitive than routine serological tests.peptides deduced from the central conserved region (residues 158 to 189) of protein g of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) subtypes a and b were used as antigens in subtype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (g-peptide elisas). these g-peptide elisas were compared with seven other serological assays to detect hrsv infection: elisas based on complete protein g, on fusion protein f, and on nucleoprotein n; a complement fixation assay; a virus neutralization test; and elisas for the ...19979196168
il-12 treatment attenuates t helper cell type 2 and b cell responses but does not improve vaccine-enhanced lung illness.in humans and mice, sensitization to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) ags can result in severe inflammatory lung disease during subsequent infection with rsv. although specific antiviral t cells are thought to be responsible for this augmentation of disease, the precise roles of different functional subsets are unknown, and no protective nonpathogenic subset has been defined. balb/c mice sensitized to the major surface glycoprotein of rsv (g) expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus develop th2- ...19979200470
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