Publications

growth hormone, sexual maturity and steroids in male carp (cyprinus carpio).	samples of pituitary, blood plasma and gonad were taken from male carp. the growth hormones (gh) in the pituitary and plasma were measured in fish of various body weights (bw) and degrees of gonad development, and compared with the levels of 17 beta-estradiol (e2), testosterone (t), 17 alpha-hydroprogesterone (17-p), 11-ketotesterone (11-kt) and progesterone (p) in the testes and plasma. the gonadosomatic index increased rapidly with bw from 100 to 600 g, and then decreased at 900 g. the pituita ...	1998	9827061
endocrine regulation of gonadotropin and growth hormone gene transcription in fish.	the pituitary of a number of teleosts contains two gonadotropins (gths) which are produced in distinct populations of cells; the beta subunit of the gth i being found in close proximity to the somatotrophs, while the ii beta cells are more peripheral. in several species the gth beta subunits are expressed at varying levels throughout the reproductive cycle, the i beta dominating in early maturing fish, after which the ii beta becomes predominant. this suggests differential control of the beta su ...	1998	9827005
identification of cystatin as a component of carp chorion.	an ovary-specific cystatin is immunocytochemically demonstrated to be localized in the chorions, cortical granules, and yolk granules of carp oocytes, as well as in the follicle cells surrounding oocytes. during cortical reaction, cystatin is exocytosed from cortical granules into the perivitelline space. in situ hybridization confirms that cystatin is synthesized by oocytes and follicle cells. western blotting reveals that chorion cystatin appears in multiple bands of high molecular weight (fro ...	1998	9820202
expression and temperature-dependent regulation of the beta2-microglobulin (cyca-b2m) gene in a cold-blooded vertebrate, the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	expression of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) in the common carp was studied using a polyclonal antibody raised against a recombinant protein obtained from eukaryotic expression of the cyca-b2m gene. beta2m is expressed on peripheral blood ig+ and ig lymphocytes, but not on erythrocytes and thrombocytes. in spleen and pronephros, dull- and bright-positive populations could be identified correlating with the presence of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and mature leucocytes or immature and mature cells f ...	1998	9814583
development and use of genetically uniform strains of common carp in experimental animal research.	fish are widely used in numerous fields of basic and applied research. currently, they are the third laboratory animal group in numbers, and will become increasingly important. common carp is a major species in both aquaculture and research. inbred strains of carp by gynogenetic (only female inheritance) and androgenetic (only male inheritance) reproduction techniques were developed at our university. with these methods, homozygous animals are produced in one generation and we present the produc ...	1998	9807748
cloning and expression of two proopiomelanocortin mrnas in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	proopiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor for a number of biologically active peptides such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) and beta-endorphin. it is well known that these peptides are involved in the stress response in fish as well as in mammals. we have cloned two different carp pomc cdnas called, pomc-i and pomc-ii. the nucleotide sequences of 955 bp for pomc-i and 959 bp for pomc-ii share 93.5% identity in their cdnas, and the deduced ...	1998	9806347
transcriptional activities in the pituitaries of channel catfish before and after induced ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract as revealed by expressed sequence tag analysis.	expressed sequence tag (est) analysis was adopted to address physiological changes after injection of carp pituitary extract for induction of ovulation. ests were analyzed from cdna libraries constructed from mrna isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) pituitaries before and after induction of ovulation by injection of carp pituitary extract. one hundred randomly picked clones were analyzed. of the sequences generated, a large percentage (59%) of ests were identified as known genes ...	1998	9801455
astroglial architecture of the carp (cyprinus carpio) brain as revealed by immunohistochemical staining against glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap).	the present paper is the first comprehensive study on the astroglia of a teleost fish that is based on the immunohistochemical staining of gfap (glial fibrillary acidic protein, an immunohistochemical marker of astroglia). the ray-finned fishes (actinopterygii) and their largest group, the teleostei, represent a separate pathway of vertebrate evolution. their brain has a very complex macroscopic structure; several parts either have no equivalents in tetrapods or have a very different shape, e.g. ...	1998	9801060
differential expression of two pro-opiomelanocortin mrnas during temperature stress in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) is the precursor of a number of biologically active peptides, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin, which are released by the pituitary glands of fish as well as mammals. to quantify the levels of expression of the two pomc mrnas relative to one another during the response of the common carp to temperature-induced stress, we used reverse transcriptase pcr combined with capillary electrophoresis and laser-induce ...	1998	9795345
two diverged complement factor b/c2-like cdna sequences from a teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	mammalian complement components factor b and c2 act as proteolytic subunits of the c3 convertases in the alternative and the classical activation pathways, respectively, and are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor by gene duplication. however, it is unclear when the b/c2 duplication occurred. here, we describe two diverged b/c2-like cdna clones (b/c2-a and b/c2-b) isolated from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). b/c2-a shares the same domain structure as the factor b an ...	1998	9794413
strong synergism between gaba(a) and glycine receptors on isolated carp third-order neurons.	a strong synergistic interaction between the bicuculline-sensitive gaba receptor (gaba(a) receptor) and the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor was observed in third-order neurons acutely isolated from crucian carp retina, with the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. in 58 of 153 cells, 10 microm gaba or glycine separately applied to amacrine/ganglion cells failed to induce any responses or only induced small currents (<20 pa), while co-application of these two chemicals res ...	1998	9760138
modulation of drug-metabolizing systems by bacterial endotoxin in carp liver and immune organs.	this report describes a study of the effects of bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (lps)] on cytochrome p450 levels and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities in liver and two main immune organs of carp: spleen and head kidney. also studied was the paucity of the carp drug-metabolizing system in an environment subject to pollution by a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 3-methylcholanthrene (3mc), when fish respond to an immune activation by lipopol ...	1998	9756707
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9739064
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9739063
organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in agricultural waters and cholinesterase (che) inhibition in common carp (cyprinus carpio).	cholinesterase (che) activity was used as a biomarker for assessing exposure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides from irrigated agricultural waters. carp were collected from a lake (royal lake) that receives most of its water from irrigation return flows and from a reference lake (billy clapp lake) outside of the irrigation system. results indicated that the mean whole-brain che activity of carp from royal lake (3.47 micromol/min/g tissue) was 34.2% les ...	1998	9732468
effect of seasonal acclimatization on the expression of the carp transcription factor pit-1.	we isolated a clone comprising four exons of the carp pit-1 gene. using synthetic oligonucleotide probes derived from the carp pit-1 sequence pit-1 expression was assessed by in situ hybridization in pituitary sections from summer- and winter-acclimatized carp. semiquantitative analyses of the hybridization signals revealed a significant higher pit-1 expression in the proximal pars distalis (ppd) and pars intermedia (pi) of the pituitary glands from summer-acclimatized carp, compared to the wint ...	1998	9713706
occurrence of skrjabillanid nematodes in fishes of hungary and in the intermediate host, argulus foliaceus l.	histozoic and coelozoic skrjabillanid-type nematodes belonging to the genera skrjabillanus, molnaria, sinoichthyonema, esocinema, daniconema and lucionema are recorded from the subcutaneous tissues, fins, swimbladder and abdominal cavity of different fish species living in natural waters and fish farms of hungary. in addition to the nine taxonomically identified parasite species, one skrjabillanus sp., two molnaria spp. and three esocinema spp. were identified to the genus level only. the histoz ...	1998	9713146
heat-shock proteins expression in fish central nervous system and its possible relation with water acidosis resistance.	the expression of 70 and 60-kda heat-shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp60) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical methods, was studied in fish neural tissue; moreover the possible correlation between the expression of these proteins in neural tissue and fish acidosis resistance was also examined. the hsp gfap content was analyzed in four different teleostean fish species (gourami, carp, goldfish and trout) under control conditions and in carp ...	1998	9700715
[the effect of sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate, on the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio].	synthetic agents are important sources of pollution in brazil, especially in the large urban centers. of these, sds has been largely employed as a reference substance in toxicity tests with aquatic organisms. studies on the effect of this substance on the physiology and behavior of fish are scanty. in this study the metabolism and swimming capacity of cyprinus carpio, at a given swimming velocity (10.15 cm/sec), were analyzed in relation to acute exposition to different concentrations of sds (1 ...	1998	9697654
characterization of the electrogenic na+-k+ pump in horizontal cells isolated from the carp retina.	the electrogenic na+-k+ pump current in horizontal cells acutely dissociated from the carp retina was investigated using a nystatin-perforated patch recording configuration under voltage-clamp conditions. in the presence of suitable blockers for known voltage-dependent na+, k+ and ca2+ conductances, the pump current was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding k+ ions to external solution. the ec50 value and hill coefficient for the external k+ concentration were 0.66 mm and 1.39, ...	1998	9692757
distribution of macrophages during fish development: an immunohistochemical study in carp (cyprinus carpio, l.).	a monoclonal antibody against carp macrophages (wcl15) has been utilised in flow cytometry, immuno-histochemistry and immuno-electron microscopy to assess the distribution of monocytes/macrophages in developing carp lymphoid tissues. in suspensions of living cells wcl15 reacted strongly with cytoplasm and plasmic membrane of macrophages. it also cross-reacted with a subpopulation of thrombocytes, but this reaction could be neglected by double immunostaining in combination with a thrombocyte-spec ...	1998	9683065
phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes are co-distributed in the fish mauthner axon.	the neurofilament (nf) polypeptides of the fish giant mauthner cell axons (mas) and their degree of phosphorylation were investigated in the adult by means of immunoblot and immunohistochemical staining. fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (flm) axons of much smaller caliber, among which mas run in the ventral spinal cord, were also analyzed in two teleost fish belonging to continuously growing species. to detect nf polypeptide subunits, commercially available monoclonal antibodies against mammal ...	1998	9678896
cloning of a full-length insulin-like growth factor-i complementary dna in the goldfish liver and ovary and development of a quantitative pcr method for its measurement.	five forms of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) complementary dna (cdna) were isolated by pcr from goldfish liver and ovary, using primers based on common carp igf-i sequence. in the goldfish liver, we cloned and sequenced three igf-i forms (1,2, and 3), and elucidated the full-length cdna sequence using the 5'-and 3'-race. two igf-i forms (1 and 2) were cloned from the goldfish ovary and were found to have differences with respect to both size and nucleotide sequence compared to liver igf-i. ...	1998	9653021
characterisation of glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral blood leukocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio l.	binding studies with [3h]cortisol revealed the presence of a single class of cortisol-binding sites on carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl). these binding sites showed high affinity (kd of 3.8 nm) and low capacity (490 binding sites per cell), indicative of receptor binding. affinity for cortisone was 254-fold lower than for cortisol. affinity for the two synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide (ta) was 4- and 10-fold higher than for cortisol, respectively. further ...	1998	9653016
blastoderm structure, cell migration and formation of the embryonic shield during gastrulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio); a scanning electron microscopic study.	this paper describes an ultrastructural study of the cell movements during the gastrulation of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, using scanning electron microscopy. the morphology of the deep cells was studied in several consecutive stages ranging from 0-100% epiboly. furthermore, the formation of the embryonic shield was followed from its earliest appearance at 50% epiboly onwards. this paper gives morphological evidence for the existence of two different pathways for involving and convergent m ...	1998	9651740
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 3. estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor concentrations, and potential correlation with dietary pcb consumption.	mink (mustela vison) were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls, pcbs) or saginaw bay carp to provide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm pcbs to examine the effect of pcbs on homeostasis of binding sites for ovarian steroid hormones. ranch-raised mink fed great lakes fish contaminated with pcbs, or treated with pcbs directly, have demonstrated reproductive impairment including anovulation, fetal resorption, delayed ovulation, increased gestation, and decreased litte ...	1998	9650573
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 2. liver pcb concentration and induction of hepatic cytochrome p-450 activity as a potential biomarker for pcb exposure.	this study examined the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) from saginaw bay (lake huron) carp on the hepatic cytochrome p-450 activity in mink (mustela vison). hepatic cytochrome p-450 activities are of interest for their possible use as biomarkers to indicate consumption and biological effects of pcbs in the environment. adult mink were fed diets containing ocean fish (control diet, 0.0 ppm) or saginaw bay carp toprovide 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm pcbs. mink were bred after 3 mo of exposure, ...	1998	9650572
metabolic fractionation of stable carbon isotopes: implications of different proximate compositions for studies of the aquatic food webs using δ(13)c data.	in two laboratory experiments using tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio), we investigated the effect of lipid content in the fish carcass on the stable carbon isotope ratio (δ(13)c). in both experiments, a significant negative correlation was found between lipid content in the carcass dry matter and δ(13)c of total dry matter, but there was no influence on the δ(13)c of fat-free dry matter or lipids. as the lipid content of fish is known to vary with reproductive sta ...	1998	28308424
cadmium accumulation and metallothionein biosynthesis in cyprinus carpio tissues.		1998	9871009
two types of mrna encoding myosin regulatory light chain in carp fast skeletal muscle differ in their 3' non-coding regions and expression patterns following temperature acclimation.	cdna clones encoding the myosin regulatory light chain (rlc) were isolated from a cdna library prepared from fast skeletal muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two types of cdna clone encoding carp rlc were found with identical deduced amino acid sequences. the two mrnas differed in the number of polyadenylation signals prior to the poly(a) tail in the 3' non-coding region. the two mrna species, with approximate sizes of 1.4 and 0.8 kilobases, were also observed in northern blot analysis. carp ...	1998	9866874
molecular cloning and developmental expression patterns of the myod and mef2 families of muscle transcription factors in the carp.	cdna clones encoding the myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs) myogenin, myod and myf-5 were isolated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from larvae and embryos of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (mef2) cdnas were identified from a cdna library from adult carp. northern blot analysis showed that myod, myf-5 and mef2c transcripts were present in three-somite embryos, whereas myogenin and mef2a transcripts were not detected until the 15-somite ...	1998	9866873
gaba modulates color-opponent bipolar cells in carp retina.	in the present work, the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) were examined while recording intracellularly from color-opponent bipolar cells in the isolated, superfused carp retina. bath-applied gaba differentially suppressed light responses of r/g cells, which depolarized and hyperpolarized, respectively, in response to red and green flashes, and g/r cells, which showed the opposite responses. in either r/g or g/r cells, the response driven by input from red cones was invariably suppresse ...	1998	9593968
effects of light and dark environment on regeneration of carp optic nerves.		1998	9628814
retinoic acid has light-adaptive effects on horizontal cells in the retina.	ambient light conditions affect the morphology of synaptic elements within the cone pedicle and modulate the spatial properties of the horizontal cell receptive field. we describe here that the effects of retinoic acid on these properties are similar to those of light adaptation. intraorbital injection of retinoic acid into eyes of dark-adapted carp that subsequently were kept in complete darkness results in the formation of numerous spinules at the terminal dendrites of horizontal cells, a typi ...	1998	9618552
major histocompatibility genes in cyprinid fishes: theory and practice.	the first teleostean mhc sequences were described for carp. subsequent studies in a number of cyprinid fishes showed that the class i sequences of these fishes are of particular interest. two distinct lineages (cyca-z and cyca-u) are found in the common and ginbuna crucian carp, but only the u lineage is present in zebrafish and other non-cyprinid species. the presence of the z lineage is hypothesised to be the result of an allotetraploidisation event. both phylogenetic analyses and amino acid s ...	1998	9914921
structural and functional identification of complement components of the bony fish, carp (cyprinus carpio).	complement is a humoral factor of innate immunity and plays important roles in immune surveillance and clearance of invading pathogens. mammalian complement consists of the classical (antibody-dependent), the alternative (antibody-independent) and the lectin (triggered by mannose-binding lectin) pathways of activation, and of the lytic pathway. phylogenetically, bony fish are one of the lowest groups of vertebrates with serum that shows hemolytic activity indistinguishable from that of mammalian ...	1998	9914900
parvalbumin, a cross-reactive fish allergen, contains ige-binding epitopes sensitive to periodate treatment and ca2+ depletion.	type i allergy to fish is a severe health problem in countries in which a large percentage of the population derive income from fishing.	1998	9449503
in vitro thyrotropin-releasing activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone-family peptides in coho salmon, oncorhynchus kisutch.	investigations of hypothalamic regulation of fish thyrotropin (tsh) secretion and subsequent thyroid activity have been impeded by the lack of a reliable assay for tsh. using a recently developed radioimmunoassay (ria) for coho salmon tsh we employed an in vitro pituitary cell culture technique to examine regulation of tsh secretion by corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) family peptides [ovine crh (ocrh), carp urotensin i (ui), and frog sauvagine (sv)] as well as thyrotropin-releasing hormone ...	1998	9473372
effect of toxicity of cadmium on scale morphology in cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).		1998	9470997
basal level and induction of cytochrome p450, erod, udpgt, and gst activities in carp (cyprinus carpio) immune organs (spleen and head kidney).		1998	9470993
semiquantitative immunoblot detection of 70 kda stress proteins in the carp cyprinus carpio.		1998	9484554
stress responsiveness of the pituitary-interrenal axis during early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio).	whole-body levels of acth, alpha-msh and cortisol in eggs and larvae of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were determined periodically up until 168 h after fertilisation. acth, alpha-msh and cortisol immunoreactivity was detected in unfertilised eggs, and endogenous production of acth and alpha-msh was observed 24 h after fertilisation and that of cortisol 36 h after fertilisation. acth immunoreactivity reached peak levels before hatching (56-72 h after fertilisation) and remained relatively sta ...	1998	9614366
spatio-temporal receptive fields in carp retinal horizontal cells.	1. the dynamics of the receptive fields of retinal horizontal cells were examined by applying a spatio-temporal modulated light signal to the retina. 2. the spatio-temporal receptive fields of both cone- and rod-driven horizontal cells, estimated through cross-correlation between the modulated light signal and the cells' responses, showed their receptive fields (the space-dependent component) to be reduced in size with time. 3. in cone-driven horizontal cells, the reduction in receptive field si ...	1998	9490843
existence of two isoforms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in fish.	full-length cdnas for extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk1 and erk2) were isolated from a carp ovary cdna library. the deduced amino acid sequences of carp erk1 (cerk1) and erk2 (cerk2) exhibited high degrees of homology to the known sequences of the erk group. northern blot analysis showed that cerk1 mrna was not expressed in a tissue-specific manner, though the level of expression of cerk2 mrna varied among tissues. western blot analysis of the brain, kidney, and ovary confirmed the ex ...	1998	9603989
site-specific lead distribution in scales of lead-administered carp (cyprinus carpio) by non-destructive sr-xrf analysis.	by utilizing non-destructive synchrotron radiation-excited x-ray fluorescence (sr-xrf), we observed the distribution of lead (pb) in both ontogenic and regenerating scales of lead-administrated carp, cyprinus carpio. the fish in the pb-administered group were fed pellets containing 1 mg/g of pb at a rate of 1.5% body weight per day for 30 days. in the ontogenic scales, pb was highly accumulated near the basal edge of the scale and the accumulated amount decreased toward the focus of the scale. o ...	1998	9566301
cadmium-induced scale deformation in carp (cyprinus carpio).		1998	9557205
effects of phorbol esters in carp (cyprinus carpio l).	carp (cyprinus carpio l) were fed diets containing phorbol esters at concentrations of 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 31, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 micrograms/g feed. phorbol esters were from jatropha curcas nuts. jatropha curcas toxicity has been reported in humans, rodents and livestock, and phorbol esters have been identified as the main toxic agent. the adverse effects observed in carp at phorbol esters concentrations of 31 micrograms/g or higher were lower average metabolic growth rate, fecal mucus ...	1998	9554059
tritium planigraphy: from the accessible surface to the spatial structure of a protein.	the method of tritium planigraphy, which provides comprehensive information on the accessible surface of macromolecules, allows an attempt at reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of a protein from the experimental data on residue accessibility for labeling. the semiempirical algorithm proposed for globular proteins involves (i) predicting theoretically the secondary structure elements (sses), (ii) experimentally determining the residue-accessibility profile by bombarding the whole prot ...	1998	9501168
antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma on lipid peroxidation.	antioxidative activity of carp blood plasma was estimated by measuring hydroperoxides formed by liposome peroxidation during the exposure of liposomes to aaph. ascorbic acid of high concentration, uric acid of low content, and tocopherol formed special protective system against lipid poroxidation in fish plasma. the decrease of uric acid, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol showed synergism of ascorbic acid and tocopherol, uric acid, and tocopherol. carp blood plasma with a low concentration of protei ...	1998	9532775
ca2+ signals during early lymphocyte activation in carp cyprinus carpio l.	to measure cellular responses and the involvement of increased cytosolic ca2+ levels ([ca2+]i), peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) of carp were loaded with the fluorescent intracellular ca2+ indicators fluo-3 and fura-2. responses of lymphocytes to t-cell mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin, pha), to b-cell mitogen (lipopolysaccharide, lps) and to immunoglobulin (ig) cross-linking with a monoclonal antibody to carp ig were measured using flow cytometry. both t-cell stimulation by pha and b-cell stimulat ...	1998	9438833
treatment of aquarium water by denitrifying photosynthetic bacteria using immobilized polyvinyl alcohol beads.	during the purification of an aquarium for carp breeding, a relatively high level of chemical oxygen demand (cod) was removed by filtration systems packed with both alginate- and polyvinyl alcohol (pva)-immobilized gel beads of rhodobacter sphaeroides s. low nitrate accumulation was observed in the alginate gel beads packed system due to denitrification, but high levels of nitrate and nitrite accumulation were observed in the pva gel beads packed system. this phenomenon was caused by the inhibit ...	1999	16232449
electrophoretic determination of estrogen-induced protein in fish exposed to synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals.	in a first step we investigated whether leuciscus idus, a fish routinely used to assess the quality of surface water in germany, is suitable to indicate the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. an electrophoretic method was used to determine estrogen-induced protein in fish serum (presumed vitellogenin). this method was tested by exposing juvenile l. idus to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17 beta-estradiol and estrone. nominal concentrations of the steroid were compared with concentrations de ...	1999	10492896
in vitro effects of cadmium and ddvp (dichlorvos) on intestinal carbohydrase and protease activities in freshwater teleosts.	in vitro effects of cadmium (0.5-50 mg/l) and ddvp (0.2-100 mg/l) on the total amylolytic, sucrase and protease activities of intestinal mucosa have been studied for the first time in 11 freshwater teleosts. total amylolytic activity in burbot, crucian carp and common carp, sucrase activity in blue bream and total proteolytic activity in burbot and pike were significantly decreased by cadmium at 50 mg/l. ddvp (at 0.2 mg/l) caused a significant decrease in total proteolytic activity in pike but h ...	1999	10190024
effects of variations in the perfusate on the erg and discharge of ganglion cells in carp retina.		1999	25193
skin grafting in gynogenetic common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.). the development of histocompatible clones.	the fate of skin allografts exchanged among heterozygous and homozygous gynogenetic common carp siblings, and among newly developed inbred strains and f1 hybrids, is described. heterozygous gynogenetic offspring were produced by fertilizing eggs with uv-irradiated sperm and by treating the resulting zygote with a cold shock (0 degree c, 45 min). the temperature shock causes retention of the second polar body, which allows the eggs to develop into normal diploid fry. homozygous gynogenetic offspr ...	1999	2326872
[immunocytology of alpha-endorphin positive hypothalamic fibers of carassius auratus l. and cyprinus carpio l].	an immunocytological study of the basal hypothalamus of carassius auratus and cyprinus carpio with an alpha-endorphin antiserum shows the different nerve processes belonging probably to the immunoreactive cells of the lateral part of the n.l.t. according to their pathways, two main fibre tracts have been distinguished: many fluorescent fibres converge towards the pituitary gland into which they enter, other fibres run caudally through the tuber towards the nucleus tuberis inferior (baumgarten an ...	1999	97002
position-independent expression of transgenes in zebrafish.	the variability in expression patterns of transgenes, caused by the influence of neighboring chromatin, is called 'position effect'. border elements are dna sequences, which have the ability to alleviate position effects. the abilities of two types of border elements, scs/scs' from the d. melanogaster 87a7 heat shock locus and the a-element from the chicken lysozyme gene, to protect transgenes from position effects were quantified in developing zebrafish embryos. the transgenic construct used wa ...	1999	10669943
expression of human blood group antigens a and b in stomach cells of c. carpio, c. auratus, r. ridibunda and h. sapiens.	human blood group abh antigens are found not only on red blood cell membranes, but in many other cell types as well. their biological functions still remain unclear. the aim of the present study was to examine the cellular expression of these antigens in the stomach of representatives of different vertebrates--pisces and amphibia and to compare it with their expression found in man. the immunohistochemical technique applied was based on the biotinstreptavidin-peroxidase complex. monoclonal antib ...	1999	10658361
closed water recirculating system for fish rearing equipped with bioreactor capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.	five crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfiicarps had been reared in a closed water recirculating system. the system was equipped with the compact bioreactor using the plate gels capable of both nitrification and denitrification in a single unit. ammonia and nitrite concentrations in the rearing water had been maintained below 0.05 mg-n/l, and nitrate concentration also controlled between 2 and 8 mg-n/l with the bioreactor. as concerns nitrogen budget in the closed system, 95.0% of nitrogen ...	1999	11542800
classification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the intestines of common carp and freshwater prawns.	fifty-four isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained from the intestines of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and freshwater prawns (macrobrachium rosenbergii) in nakorn-pathom province, thailand. all isolates were gram-positive and catalase-negative cocci that did not produce gas from glucose and formed dl or l(+) lactic acid only. most isolates were able to grow in broth at ph 9.6, in 6.5% nacl (w/v) and 40% (w/v) bile. these isolates were divided into six groups (a-f) by sugar fermentati ...	1999	12501375
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in carp (cyprinus carpio) liver, spleen, and head kidney following experimental listeria monocytogenes infection.	infection of carp with listeria monocytogenes 4b resulted in decreased liver, spleen, and head kidney enzyme activities, involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. after infection, cytochrome p-450 levels and ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity were decreased while conjugation enzymes remained unaffected. the maximum decrease for phase i enzymes occurred on d 3. this loss of monooxygenase levels and activity could not be directly correlated with an increase in the number of organisms, a ...	1999	9973004
sequence differences between alpha1c and alpha1s ca2+ channel subunits reveal structural determinants of a guarded and modulated benzothiazepine receptor.	the molecular basis of the ca2+ channel block by (+)-cis-diltiazem was studied in class a/l-type chimeras and mutant alpha1c-a ca2+ channels. chimeras consisted of either rabbit heart (alpha1c-a) or carp skeletal muscle (alpha1s) sequence in transmembrane segments iiis6, ivs6, and adjacent s5-s6 linkers. only chimeras containing sequences from alpha1c-a were efficiently blocked by (+)-cis-diltiazem, whereas the phenylalkylamine (-)-gallopamil efficiently blocked both constructs. carp skeletal mu ...	1999	10037699
comparison of zp3 protein sequences among vertebrate species: to obtain a consensus sequence for immunocontraception.	the deduced zp3 amino acid (aa) sequences of 13 vertebrate species namely mouse, hamster, rabbit, pig, porcine, cow, dog, cat, human, bonnet, marmoset, carp, and frog were compared using the pileup and pretty alignment programs (gcg, wisconsin, usa). the published aa sequences obtained from 13 vertebrate species indicated the overall evolutionarily conservation in the n-terminus, central region, and c-terminus of the zp3 polypeptide. more variations of zp3 polypeptide sequences were seen in the ...	1999	10051457
whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss.	scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ...	1999	10073310
[detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. diagnostic validation].	viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) is a fish pathogen that attacks rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. the only diagnostic method recognised by the european community for vhs is based on the detection of the viral agent in cell culture followed by an immunological identification of the pathogen. reverse transcription followed by a double amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the gene encoding the viral glycoprotein g is proposed here as an alternative meth ...	1999	10081112
genotoxicity of drinking water from chao lake.	genotoxic activity appears to originate primarily from reactions of chlorine with humic substances in the source waters. comparisons of extracts of settled versus chlorinated water have confirmed that chlorinating during water treatment produces mutagenic activity in the mutagenicity tests. present work on xad-2 extracts of raw, chlorinated (treated), and settled water from the chao lake region of china has involved a battery of mutagenicity assays for various genetic endpoints: the salmonella t ...	1999	10092404
characterization of a cdna encoding a precursor of carassius rfamide, structurally related to a mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide.	we have characterized the cdna encoding carassius rfamide (c-rfa), which is structurally related to mammalian prolactin-releasing peptides (prrps), from the brain of the crucian carp. the deduced c-rfa precursor has been shown to comprise 117 amino acids, encoding a single c-rfa sequence. a comparative study of amino acid sequences has revealed that several sequences conserved in preproprrps are also found in the c-rfa precursor. furthermore, the abundant presence of the c-rfa mrna in the telenc ...	1999	10100851
induction of two major isoforms of metallothionein in crucian carp (carassius cuvieri) by air-pumping stress, dexamethasone, and metals.	the induction of metallothionein (mt) by physical and chemical stress was assessed using the fresh-water fish, crucian carp (carassius cuvieri temminck et schlegel). the fish exposed to violent air-pumping stress for 6 days revealed time-dependent induction of mt-like metal-binding proteins in both their livers and kidneys. their hepatic contents after exposure to stress were elevated to twice the basal level with 24 h, resulting in more than a 3-fold increase at 144 h, whereas their renal conte ...	1999	10190030
[comparative study of the crystallin supramolecular structure in the carp, frog, and rat lenses by small-angle roentgen ray scattering].	the supramolecular structure of crystallins in intact ocular lenses of carp, frog and rat as well as in the interior (nuclear) and outer (cortical) parts of these lenses was studied by the small-angle x-ray scattering method. the results show that the supramolecular structure of crystallins substantially varies both in lenses of different vertebrate species and in various parts of the same lens. in carp lens and in the cortical part of rat lens, crystallins have an ordered supramolecular structu ...	1999	10707284
kainate-elicited seizures induce mrna encoding a camk-related peptide: a putative modulator of kinase activity in rat hippocampus.	by means of differential display techniques, we have previously identified an mrna transcript whose expression is highly induced in the rat hippocampus by kainate-elicited seizures. here, we report the cloning of a corresponding cdna encoding a 55-amino-acid, serine-rich peptide which contains four predicted phosphorylation sites. the peptide was designated camk-related peptide (carp) as it shares significant amino acid sequence identity with part of a novel putative calcium/calmodulin-dependent ...	1999	10213452
identification of serum gh-binding proteins in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and comparison with mammalian gh-binding proteins.	the present study constitutes the characterization of a specific, high-affinity gh-binding protein (ghbp) in the serum of a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus). gh-binding assay and ligand blotting techniques were employed to identify ghbps in goldfish serum and hepatocyte culture medium. the binding characteristics and apparent molecular weights (mr) of goldfish ghbps were also compared with those of rabbit and rat. ligand analysis identified a single class of high-affinity and low-capaci ...	1999	10320823
[trisomy 9p: a clinical picture and the importance of examining the family].	in three patients, two males aged four months and 39 years, and a female aged 19 years, trisomy 9p (the threefold presence of the short arm of chromosome 9) was diagnosed. the main symptoms are mental retardation, brachycephaly, hypertelorism with deep-set eyes, broad base of the nose, short philtrum, carp-shaped mouth, cup-shaped ears, short fingers and clinodactyly. trisomy 9p is often caused by a balanced translocation in one of the parents. therefore, cytogenetic studies of the parents and i ...	1999	10321302
purification and characterization of insulin and peptides derived from proglucagon and prosomatostatin from the fruit-eating fish, the pacu piaractus mesopotamicus.	the fruit-eating teleost fish, the pacu piaractus mesopotamicus (characiformes, characidae) is classified along with the carp and the catfish in the superorder ostariophysi. the pacu is able to survive and grow in captive conditions feeding exclusively on carbohydrates. hormonal polypeptides in an extract of pacu brockmann bodies were purified to homogeneity by reversed phase hplc and their primary structures determined by automated edman degradation. pacu insulin contains only two substitutions ...	1999	10327603
glutathione depletion causes an uncoupling effect on retinal horizontal cells through oxidative stress.	to investigate a physiological role of glutathione in the horizontal cells of carp retina, the gap junctional intercellular communication between horizontal cells was studied using the techniques of intracellular recording of light-induced responses and coupling of the fluorescence dye lucifer yellow. intravitreal injection of 2.5 micromol l-buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, induced a dramatic reduction (20% of control) of retinal glutathione level two days after tre ...	1999	10338315
yersinia ruckeri septicaemia in experimentally infected carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings.	the presence of yersinia ruckeri, the causal agent of enteric redmouth disease (erm) in salmonids and a few other freshwater fish, has so far been reported from a variety of sources including the intestine of healthy carp. since there are no data on the pathogenicity of this bacterium for carp, 15 fingerlings were experimentally infected by intraperitoneal injection of about 5 x 10(5) cells. thirteen injected fish were moribund or died within 4 days with septicaemic lesions. two survivors were s ...	1999	10344077
herpesvirus-associated papillomas in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	from january through november 1994, 32% (7/22) of koi carp (cyprinus carpio) maintained in indoor aquariums developed proliferative cutaneous lesions that consisted of single to multiple 2-10-mm whitish to pink fleshy masses usually associated with fin rays. although scaleless koi were more commonly affected (3/6) than were normally scaled koi (4/16), the difference in incidence rates was not significant (chi2 text, p > 0.05). lesions typically resolved spontaneously in 1-3 wk, occasionally pers ...	1999	10367660
purification and characterization of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor from carp (cyprinus carpio) serum.	: alpha1-proteinase inhibitor was purified to homogeneity from carp serum with an increase in specific inhibitory activity of 17-fold and a 3% recovery rate. the inhibitor was estimated to have molecular weight of 55,000 under reducing and nonreducing conditions, indicating its composition of a single polypeptide. the inhibitor immunologically crossreacted faintly with carp muscular serine proteinase inhibitor but had no crossreactivity with serine proteinase inhibitors from other species. carp ...	1999	10373608
purification and characterization of serum serpin from carp (cyprinus carpio).	: a serine proteinase inhibitor, termed serpin62, was purified to homogeneity from carp serum with an increase in specific inhibitory activity of 6.2-fold and a 3% recovery rate after separation from alpha1-antitrypsin. specific inhibitory activity of serpin62 against bovine pancreatic trypsin was less than half of the specific antitryptic activity of alpha1-antitrypsin. under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, serpin62 was estimated to have a molecular weight (62,000) apparently larger t ...	1999	10373614
ichthyophthiriasis in carp cyprinus carpio: infectivity of trophonts prematurely exiting both the immune and non-immune host.	ichthyophthirius multifiliis exposed to naturally immunised carp established short-term infections, the majority of parasites actively emerging within 2 h of entering the epidermis. a small, but significant, number of these expelled parasites were shown to retain theront-like properties with the capacity to directly re-invade a further fish host. infectivity fell rapidly with time in the host and was comparable to that of trophonts of a similar age artificially induced to emerge from non-immune ...	1999	10401585
effects of thermal acclimation on the relaxation system of crucian carp white myotomal muscle.	many cyprinid fish are able to compensate for a decrease in ambient temperature by process of physiological adaptation in the function of muscles. in the winter habitat of crucian carp (carassius carassius l.), low temperature is associated with simultaneous oxygen shortage. because of the oxygen deprivation, there is probably little space for compensatory adaptation because positive thermal compensation would increase energy demand and accelerate depletion of glycogen reserves. thus, we assumed ...	1999	10404115
antibody response of carp, cyprinus carpio to the cestode, bothriocephalus acheilognathi.	the humoral antibody response and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were examined in naturally bothriocephalus acheilognathi-infected carp. cyprinus carpio, and in those injected intraperitoneally with an extract of the cestode. in the extract-injected fish, specific antibody was detected 3 weeks after a second injection given 2 weeks after the primary injection, and antibody levels persisted for more than 200 days. a third injection also enhanced the antibody level in the extrac ...	1999	10406042
intracellular ca2+ storage sites in the carp heart: comparison with the rat heart.	the ca(2+)-releasing mechanisms of the sarcoplasmic reticulum responsible for cardiac muscle contraction in carp were examined and compared with these mechanisms in rats. morphologically, the ventricular muscles of the carp heart are composed of an outer compact and an inner spongy layer. in the present study, ventricular muscle preparations were obtained from the compact layer of the carp heart, because the spongy layer does not contribute significantly to the overall force of contraction. elec ...	1999	10425730
molecular cloning of interleukin 1beta from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss reveals no evidence of an ice cut site.	the complete coding sequence of rainbow trout il-1beta has been obtained. the gene contains a short 5' utr (97 bp), a 780 bp open reading frame and a 466 bp 3' utr, which includes a polyadenylation signal, 7 attta motifs and an 18 bp poly a tail. the predicted amino acid sequence (260 amino acids) contains 3 potential glycosylation sites, with a predicted molecular weight of 29 kda, and shows between 49 and 56% amino acid similarity to mammalian il-1betas and 57% similarity to carp il-1beta. gre ...	1999	10433801
molecular cloning of carp (cyprinus carpio) cc chemokine, cxc chemokine receptors, allograft inflammatory factor-1, and natural killer cell enhancing factor by use of suppression subtractive hybridization.		1999	10436187
fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) vitellogenin: purification, characterization and quantitative immunoassay for the detection of estrogenic compounds.	the egg yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (vtg), was purified from blood plasma of 17beta-estradiol (e2)-treated male fathead minnows (pimephales promnelas) by anion-exchange chromatography on deae-agarose. a rabbit antiserum was raised against their blood plasma and then adsorbed with plasma from untreated (control) males to render the antiserum specific to vtg. the adsorbed antiserum was used to detect fathead minnow vtg (fvtg) in western and dot blotting experiments and in an enzyme-linked ...	1999	10442820
carp liver actin: isolation, polymerization and interaction with deoxyribonuclease i (dnase i).	the aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize actin from the carp liver cytosol and to examine its ability to polymerize and interact with bovine pancreatic dnase i. carp liver actin was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by gel filtration and a polymerization/depolymerization cycle or by affinity chromatography using dnase i immobilized to agarose. the purified carp liver actin was a cytoplasmic beta-actin isoform as verified by immunoblotting using isotype specific an ...	1999	10446396
nuclear localization of a new c-cbl related protein, carp 90, during in vivo thymic apoptosis in mice.	this study investigates the involvement of the c-cbl protooncogene in thymocyte apoptosis occurring in vivo after hydrocortisone treatment. in the thymus of untreated mice, a few medullary and cortical thymocytes expressed p120cbl, mainly in the cytoplasm. in the cortex, their number and distribution resemble that of apoptotic cells evidenced by tunel staining. the expression of cbl is rapidly increased when apoptosis is triggered by hydrocortisone. this cbl-specific immunostaining was detected ...	1999	10453080
establishment and characterization of 13 cell lines from a green turtle (chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas.	thirteen cell lines were established and characterized from brain, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, liver, gall bladder, urinary bladder, pancreas, testis, skin, and periorbital and tumor tissues of an immature male green turtle (chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomas. cell lines were optimally maintained at 30 degrees c in rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. propagation of the turtle cell lines was serum dependent, and plating efficiencies ranged from 13 to 37%. the cell lines, ...	1999	10462202
control of segmental expression of the cardiac-restricted ankyrin repeat protein gene by distinct regulatory pathways in murine cardiogenesis.	although accumulating evidence suggests that the heart develops in a segmental fashion, the molecular mechanisms that control regional specification of cardiomyocytes in the developing heart remain largely unknown. in this study, we have used the mouse cardiac-restricted ankyrin repeat protein (carp) gene as a model system to study these mechanisms. the carp gene encodes a nuclear co-regulator for cardiac gene expression, which lies downstream of the cardiac homeobox gene, nkx 2.5, and is an ear ...	1999	10477291
epitheliocystis disease in cultured pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus) in brazil.	epitheliocystis disease was diagnosed in a cultured pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus holmberg, 1893) stock on the basis of gross pathological (greyish-white, pinpoint- or pinhead-sized focal areas, connected strongly to the gill lamellae) and histopathological examinations (hypertrophic cells 10-40 microns in size, having a well-defined wall and a central inclusion or characteristic granular content stained with giemsa). the disease did not occur among fishes (cyprinus carpio l., ctenopharyngodon i ...	1999	10497824
detection of spring viremia of carp virus isolates by hybridization with non-radioactive probes and amplification by polymerase chain reaction.	for detection of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) dna probes have been constructed using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification technique and cdna cloning in plasmid and phage vectors. the specific primers for amplification of svcv m and g genes were chosen and synthesized. studies were carried out to establish the sensitivity and specificity of viral rna detection in infected cell culture and pathogenic material from fish by the use of non-radioactive prob ...	1999	10509710
nutritional studies on rats and fish (carp cyprinus carpio) fed diets containing unheated and heated jatropha curcas meal of a non-toxic provenance.	unheated and heated (121 degrees c, 66% moisture; 15, 30 and 45 min) jatropha meals of non-toxic provenance from veracruz state in mexico were evaluated using rats and fish. with rats, the weight gain was highest for the casein diet followed by heated (30 min; only this treatment was studied using rats) and unheated jatropha meal containing diets. the protein efficiency ratio (per) for unheated and heated jatropha meal containing diets was 37 and 86%, respectively, of the casein diet. on the oth ...	1999	10517277
molecular characterization of the glycoproteins from two warm water rhabdoviruses: snakehead rhabdovirus (shrv) and rhabdovirus of penaeid shrimp (rps)/spring viremia of carp virus (svcv).	we have determined the complete coding sequences for the glycoprotein (g) genes from two rhabdoviruses that infect warm water aquatic animals, the snakehead rhabdovirus (shrv) and rhabdovirus of penaeid shrimp (rps). surprisingly, the g nucleotide sequence from rps, a virus which has been isolated from diseased shrimp in hawaii on numerous occasions, was over 99% identical to the g nucleotide sequence from spring viremia of carp virus (svcv), a fish virus from europe and asia. this is the first ...	1999	10518707
the possible role of isoforms of cytochrome c oxidase subunit via in mammalian thermogenesis.	a single cdna of cytochrome c oxidase subunit via was characterised from liver, heart and the thermogenic organ of the partially endotherm tuna fish. the amino acid sequence revealed high identity with subunit via from carp and trout, but low identity to subunits vial (liver type) and viah (heart type) of mammalian cytochrome c oxidase. in reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase from bovine heart, the h+/e- stoichiometry is decreased from 1.0 to 0.5 at high intraliposomal atp/adp ratios via exchange ...	1999	10518994
identification and characterization of a fish natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (nramp) cdna.	the mouse lsh/ity/bcg locus regulates natural resistance to intracellular pathogens, and the nramp1 gene was isolated as its candidate. nramp is part of a small family of at least two genes, nramp1 and nramp2. in the present study, a full-length cdna for carp nramp has been isolated and characterized. nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence analysis indicate that the carp nramp encodes a 548 amino acid membrane protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains, two n-linked glycosylation sites ...	1999	10541807
molecular cloning of rabbit carp cdna and its regulated expression in adriamycin-cardiomyopathy.	a full-length rabbit cdna of cardiac adriamycin responsive protein (carp) has been cloned. it shows high levels of identity at the amino acid sequence level (>86%) with the rat, mouse and human homologues. carp mrna levels are highly regulated in adriamycin-cardiomyopathy in rabbits.	1999	10542334
de novo highly complex chromosome rearrangement (ccr) involving five breakpoints with congenital anomalies analyzed by fish.	we report on a child with ptosis, epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, carp-shaped mouth, low set ears, hirsutism, pectus excavatum, and developmental and language delay presenting with a balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement (ccr). r- and g-banding methods and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to document that this is a complex translocation with five breakpoints involving chromosomes 1, 7, 10 and 21.	1999	10546097
investigating site-specific effects of the -x glutamate in a parvalbumin cd site model peptide.	the -x glutamate in a 33-residue model peptide comprising the cd site of carp parvalbumin 4.25 (parvcd) was replaced with aspartate (parvcd-xd) and the effect on calcium-dependent dimerization and calcium affinity assessed. the peptide parvcd demonstrates a 10(5)-fold lower calcium affinity than the same site in the native protein. both the parvcd and parvcd-xd model peptides fail to bind magnesium. the low calcium affinity and failure of the model parvcd site to bind magnesium may be due to hig ...	1999	10562419
seasonal response of carp (cyprinus carpio) ovarian cells to stimulation by various hormones as measured by steroid secretion: tissue culture approach.	to study seasonal variation of steroid secretion by dispersed carp ovarian follicular cells as influenced by carp pituitary homogenate (cph), human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) or 17alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 betaoh-p).	1999	10571964
detection of casein fragments in an invertebrate and in a vertebrate using in situ hybridization.	using a non-radioactive in situ hybridization procedure it has been demonstrated that both invertebrates such as the mollusc mytilus galloprovincialis and lower vertebrates such as the fish cyprinus carpio express bovine alphas1- and kappa-casein homologous mrnas. in particular, positive results were found in molluscan immunocytes, and in cells located in different fish tissues: intestine, endocrine pancreas and kidney. these findings suggest that the casein genes are highly conserved throughout ...	1999	10573188