Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| immunohistochemical detection of pneumocystis carinii in transbronchial lung biopsy specimens: antigen difference between human and rat pneumocystis carinii. | transbronchial lung biopsy specimens, from three patients with non-aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and rat lung tissue in which pcp was induced by the administration of dexamethasone, were studied to determine the diagnostic usefulness of an immunohistochemical method using commercially available anti-pneumocystis monoclonal antibody, 3f6, on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. pc was consistently stained a bright red color and unambiguously identified in all three human ... | 1992 | 1283992 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: laboratory diagnosis]. | we worked with 51 samples, 7 bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) and 44 sputa (s) of 31 aids patients with clinical and radiographic symptoms compatible with pneumocystis pneumonia. with the aim of finding a specific sensitive methodology for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii, we evaluated 4 coloration techniques (silver methenamine, its modification without gold chloride, toluidine blue and giemsa). 35% of the patients studied were positive. p. carinii were observed in 18% of the 44 sputa. we obs ... | 1992 | 1284318 |
| [differential diagnosis of ascites and abscess forming hepatitis in aids patients with reference to the first patient with microsporidia infection in austria]. | we report on a 30 years-old female aids patient suffering from generalized pneumocystosis and intestinal microsporidiosis. the chest x-ray showed a right-sided pleural effusion; the lungs showed no areas of consolidation and the heart and the vessels were normal in size. sonography revealed multiple cystic lesions of the liver measuring 1-3 cm in diameter, as well as ascites. pneumocystis carinii was detected on cytological examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the pleural effusion an ... | 1992 | 1288019 |
| improvement of pulmonary gas exchange after surfactant replacement in rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the effect of intratracheal surfactant instillation on pulmonary function in rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was investigated. in these animals which developed pcp with severe respiratory failure after s.c. administration of cortisone acetate over 8-12 weeks, pulmonary function could be improved by surfactant instillation, as measured by an increase in pao2. histological examination showed that alveoli of rats with pcp which received no surfactant treatment are filled with foamy e ... | 1992 | 1288089 |
| [a case of legionella pneumonia with myelodysplastic syndrome]. | a 40-year-old man was admitted with high fever and cough. pneumonic shadows of the left middle and lower lung fields increased rapidly, and his blood gases worsened. initial treatment with cefmenoxime, piperacillin, and minocycline was ineffective. administration of rifampicin was started for suspected legionella pneumonia, but it did not control the spread of the pneumonia shadows. after addition of an antifungal agent and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, his symptoms gradually improved. isolatio ... | 1992 | 1289632 |
| high dose aerosol pentamidine for secondary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in aids patients. | in a prospective trial of aerosolized pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) 18 patients received 400 mg once weekly for a mean period of 15.5 months. pentamidine aerosol was administered with an ma2 jet nebulizer. no pcp relapses were observed and no serious side effects occurred. | 1992 | 1293048 |
| [infectious complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia]. | between january, 1982, and january, 1992, a total of 112 patients with adult t-cell leukemia (atl) and 109 patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) were admitted to our hospital. they were studied for their infectious complications. infectious complications were seen in 90 patients (80.4%) with atl, and 51 patients (46.8%) with nhl (p < 0.001). documented infections were seen in 70 patients (62.5%) with atl, and 30 patients (27.5%) with nhl (p < 0.001). pneumonia (p < 0.005), skin infections ( ... | 1992 | 1293224 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip) in a multi transfused child with thalassemia major. | the case of a 10.5-year-old girl, who was diagnosed with a case of thalassemia major at the age of 8 months and had been on regular blood transfusions since then, is related. donor screening for hiv was started in mid-1988, thus she had received unscreened blood for a number of years. in february 1991, she presented with a dry persistent cough, moderate grade continuous fever, and breathlessness on exertion for over 2 weeks. chest x-ray showed bilateral infiltrations. she was put on penicill ... | 1992 | 1294497 |
| [human lymphocyte proliferative response and gamma-interferon production to pneumocystis carinii antigen in vitro]. | in vitro proliferative response and gamma-interferon (ifn-gamma) production to pneumocystis carinii antigen were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy volunteers and cord blood mononuclear cells (cbmc) from umbilical cords after delivery. twenty three of 25 samples of pbmc had strong proliferative response, and 15 of 25 samples of pbmc produced ifn-gamma. in the samples showing strong proliferative response, cd4 lymphocytes expressed interleukin 2 receptors. none ... | 1992 | 1294671 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a kidney transplantation center in the proximity of an aids care unit]. | 1992 | 1297138 | |
| susceptibility of various animals to pneumocystis carinii infection. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is an important opportunistic pathogen of immune compromised hosts, and is known to infect various animals. the present study observed the infection status of 6 mammals and 3 strains of albino rats with pc after suppression of their immunity. methyl-prednisolone was injected once a week and tetracycline was supplied with water for 5 to 21 weeks. hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats and pigs were negative by impression smear, and only the rats were found infected b ... | 1992 | 1297418 |
| transmission modes of pneumocystis carinii among rats observed by karyotype analysis. | to observe the transmission patterns of karyotype of pneumocystis carinii (pc) by rat colonies, three strains of rats, sprague-dawley(sd), wistar(w) and fisher(f) from various animal vendors, were suppressed of their immunity by injection of methyl prednisolone. they were kept for 5 to 13 weeks in 3 different animal rooms, a, b, and c. the purified organisms were prepared in low melting point agarose gel by embedded lysis method for pulsed field gel electrophoresis. field inversion gel electroph ... | 1992 | 1297419 |
| [liver transplant in childhood: our experience]. | from december 1984 to december of 1991, 12 children underwent on orthotopic liver transplantation (olt): 6 had extrahepatic biliary atresia (ehba), 2 had byler disease, 2 hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), 1 alagille syndrome and 1 had a hyperacute wilson disease. the children, transplanted for the most part a broad, return for observation 3 months after olt. a patient with hyperacute wilson's disease had 2 emergency olts and died of sepsis (due to aspergillus); another with ehba, operated for hepa ... | 1992 | 1298933 |
| [the pulmonary manifestations in aids]. | clinical and paraclinical experience in hiv infection, though the time elapsed since the first observations is relatively short, begins to get typical outlines. in the case of aids, the lung is the main place of opportunistic infections, other inflammatory processes and neoplasia. the present work deals with six clinical cases with positive serum tests for hiv and secondary respiratory phenomena such as: kaposi sarcoma, pneumonia with pneumocystis carinii, tuberculosis, candidosis, pneumonia wit ... | 1992 | 1299394 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | at the university hospital, kuala lumpur, malaysia, nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) between january 1987 and december 1988. when they developed pcp all the patients' sle disease course was active and eight of them were on prednisolone. four of these eight patients were also receiving cyclophosphamide. patients who were on more intensive immunosuppressive therapy were found to develop more severe pcp. all the patients exc ... | 1992 | 1304406 |
| [isolation and purification of pneumocystis carinii cyst]. | twenty wistar rats were injected with cortisone acetate twice a week subcutaneously for 6-12 wks. by 7 weeks pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was induced in rats successfully. the cysts of pneumocystis carinii from infected lungs of cortisonized rats were identified by phase-contrast microscopy, giemsa's stain, chalvardjian's stain and gomori's methenamine silver nitrate stain. the process of isolation and purification of pneumocystis carinii from infected rat lungs included the following three te ... | 1992 | 1307267 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis: past, present and future. | 1992 | 1307680 | |
| patients' perceptions of pulmonary problems and nursing interventions during hospitalization for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the descriptive, correlational study examined patients' perceptions of pulmonary problems and nursing interventions in a sample (n = 201) of persons living with aids hospitalized for pneumocystis carinii. additionally, the study assessed differences in physiological variables, patient symptoms, and functional status based on the type of problems identified: dyspnea, pulmonary problems without dyspnea, and nonpulmonary problems. | 1992 | 1307871 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a renal transplant recipient in india. | 1992 | 1308040 | |
| chemotherapy and immunity in opportunistic parasitic infections in aids. | parasitic diseases are endemic in parts of the tropics, but there is no convincing evidence that their prevalence or incidence is increasing due to the hiv epidemic. available scientific data on parasitic infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) suggests a predominance of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium spp. for reasons which are unclear, parasitic infections such as plasmodium falciparum, strongyloides stercoralis and entamoeba histol ... | 1992 | 1308934 |
| impact of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus on the course and outcome of atypical pneumonia in advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. | patients undergoing bronchoscopy for possible pneumocystis pneumonia were studied retrospectively to characterize the impact of common viral pathogens on the course of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease and atypical pneumonia. in 327 episodes, pneumocystis carinii was found in 220 (67%), cytomegalovirus (cmv) in 145 (44%), and herpes simplex virus in 16 (5%). early deterioration in oxygenation and use of intensive care was less common in cmv-positive patients. neither cmv nor p. ... | 1992 | 1309375 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. an uncommon cause of death in african patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | admissions and deaths in a pulmonary medicine ward in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, west africa, were evaluated over a 6-month period in 1989 with systematic autopsies on all patients who died. of 473 patients admitted, 38% were hiv-1 seropositive, 4% were hiv-2 seropositive, and 14% reacted to both viruses. a total of 100 patients (21%) died, and deaths were twice as frequent in hiv-seropositive compared with hiv-negative patients. the pathology of 78 autopsies showed that the predominant cause of de ... | 1992 | 1312314 |
| apparent retrovirus-induced immunosuppression in a yearling llama. | immunosuppression suspected to be associated with retrovirus infection was diagnosed in an 18-month-old female llama. the llama had a 6-month history of weight loss, intermittent lameness, and infections that were nonresponsive to treatment. serial cbc indicated persistent nonregenerative anemia and leukopenia characterized by absolute neutropenia and lymphopenia. functional hypoplasia of myeloid and erythroid cell lines was detected in serial bone marrow biopsy specimens. notable pathologic fin ... | 1992 | 1312520 |
| postoperative respiratory failure secondary to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurs frequently in individuals infected with the hiv virus. malignancy, immunosuppressive drugs, and congenital immune deficiency may be associated with pcp. we describe a patient with stage 1 testicular carcinoma who developed hypoxemic respiratory failure two days after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. pneumocystis carinii organisms were demonstrated by catheter lavage samples and confirmed on bronchoalveolar lavage. testing for hiv antibody by elis ... | 1992 | 1313351 |
| the multifunctional folic acid synthesis fas gene of pneumocystis carinii appears to encode dihydropteroate synthase and hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase. | we describe the cloning of a multifunctional folic acid synthesis (fas) gene from pneumocystis carinii. the nucleotide sequence contains an open reading frame interrupted by three introns, that encodes a protein of 740 amino acids with an mr of 97,278. the predicted fas protein has homology to two enzyme domains, dihydropteroate synthase and 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase, both of which are involved in folate synthesis, and at least one other region of unknown function. | 1992 | 1313386 |
| interactions and toxicities of drugs used in patients with aids. | as clinicians have come to realize, patients who have aids are uniquely predisposed to drug-associated toxic effects and allergic reactions. in san francisco general hospital's first clinical trial involving patients with pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii, only one-third of all patients who were treated initially with either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine were able to complete the 3-week course. because of drug-related toxic effects, most patients required an alteration in ther ... | 1992 | 1314104 |
| gastric uptake of gallium-67 in aids. | we describe gastric localization of 67ga in 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among 148 referred primarily to rule out pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). endoscopic biopsies in five of the patients indicated cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in one, gastritis in two, and normal tissue in two. other associated, but nongastric, infections in these 13 patients included esophageal candidiasis, pcp, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) complex, coccidioidomycosis, toxopl ... | 1992 | 1314894 |
| lack of clinical evidence for a specific hiv-associated glomerulopathy in 203 patients with hiv infection. | several authors described a high incidence of proteinuria with frequent progression to nephrotic syndrome and/or renal failure in patients with hiv infection. though renal histological changes were rather non-specific, the existence of a specific, hiv-associated glomerulopathy was postulated. we repeatedly investigated proteinuria and serum creatinine in 203 hiv-infected patients. one hundred and twenty-two patients (group 1) had early stages of the disease without opportunistic infections, 81 s ... | 1992 | 1314985 |
| cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to ascertain the effect of cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection on the course of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), we reviewed the charts of all children with aids who also had a lung biopsy specimen or a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen cultured for cmv at the time pcp was diagnosed. the data indicate that children with aids and pcp whose cultures are positive for cmv do not have a poorer prognosis during a first episode of pcp compared w ... | 1992 | 1317421 |
| disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a hemophiliac patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a case of disseminated pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection in a 28-year-old japanese male hemophiliac with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is reported. the patient had displayed a high fever and diffuse faint interstitial infiltrates on chest x-ray films without dyspnea three months before his death. at that time, no pc was detected after four consecutive induced sputum tests. serum anti-cytomegalovirus (cmv) igm was positive by eia. no treatment for pc and cmv was given at the patient ... | 1992 | 1319101 |
| cytomegalovirus gastritis: protean radiologic features. | infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a major feature of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). gastrointestinal involvement is being seen more frequently. our collective experience involves nine patients with stomach involvement. seven patients were intravenous drug abusers or homosexuals with aids. one developed cmv gastritis as a complication of leukemia and one patient was a west african with lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. all our patients had biopsy-proven ... | 1992 | 1319363 |
| cdc releases recommendations for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1320326 | |
| [pulmonary complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia]. | in order to investigate the character of pulmonary complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia (atl), a pathological and bacteriological study was performed in 92 autopsy cases with hematologic malignancies including 17 cases of atl and 103 autopsy cases with solid malignancies from 1981 to 1990. among 17 cases with atl, pulmonary complications were seen in 16 cases (94.1%); pulmonary infection in 14 (82.3%), leukemic cell pulmonary infiltration in 9 (52.9%), pulmonary hemorrhage in 5 ( ... | 1992 | 1321303 |
| dual infection with pneumocystis carinii and respiratory viruses complicating bone marrow transplantation. | pneumonia due to dual infection with pneumocystis carinii and respiratory viruses is a rare but formidable complication of bone marrow transplantation. we report here two cases of viral infections complicating p. carinii pneumonia in bone marrow transplant recipients who, at the time of infection, were not taking p. carinii prophylaxis. both patients died following the pneumonia. potential factors contributing to the dual infection included graft-versus-host disease, high-dose steroids and cyclo ... | 1992 | 1324758 |
| subclinical pneumonitis due to pneumocystis carinii in a young adult with elevated antibody titers to epstein-barr virus. | pneumocystis carinii was recovered from the lungs of a 20-year-old woman in apparent good health who had volunteered to undergo bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) as a normal control subject. total and differential cell counts in the bal fluid revealed a significantly increased number and proportion of t lymphocytes, although the cd4:cd8 ratio was in the normal range. despite the lack of specific antibiotic therapy, in a subsequent lavage no p. carinii were recovered, and the total and differential ce ... | 1992 | 1326586 |
| [the respiratory manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children]. | the authors present the pulmonary complications (infectious and non infectious) in children with aids. it is shown that in this group of children the pulmonary complications are the first cause of death, and among them, the most frequent are the interstitial lymphoid pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1327217 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with solid ectopic corticotropin-producing tumors. | 1992 | 1329696 | |
| cytomegalovirus infections in heart transplant recipients: relationship to immunosuppression. | to determine the relationship of cytomegalovirus infections (cmvi) to immunosuppression in heart transplants, we retrospectively compared demographic and clinical variables in 154 consecutive heart transplant patients. forty-one cmvi were compared; of these, 30 (73%) were identified in tissue, and nine (22%) were identified by blood or urine culture. twenty (49%) of the cmvi were self-limited, and 21 (51%) were progressive, requiring treatment. when comparing patients with and without cmvi, demo ... | 1992 | 1329959 |
| [laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients]. | 1992 | 1334217 | |
| [incidence, prevention and therapy of cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii infection after heart transplantation]. | diseases caused by cytomegalovirus (cmv) and pneumonia due to pneumocytis carinii (pcp) are problematic complications after allogeneic heart transplantation. recipients of cmv-seropositive donors have a higher morbidity of cmv. by using an anti-cmv-immunoglobulin preparation in routine prophylaxis the incidence of cmv disease after heart transplantation could be reduced significantly. ganciclovir 10 mg/kg is administered for treatment of cmv disease for at least 14 days. recent investigations sh ... | 1992 | 1334222 |
| [incidence, prevention and therapy of cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after liver transplantation]. | 1992 | 1334223 | |
| aids-defining diseases in 250 hiv-infected patients; a comparative study of clinical and autopsy diagnoses. | to evaluate the correlation between clinical and autopsy findings in 250 aids patients. | 1992 | 1334675 |
| [rapid diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pneumonia and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by using polymerase chain reaction dna amplification]. | we attempted to detect cytomegalovirus dna (cmv-dna) and pneumocystis carinii dna (carinii-dna) in urine, blood and sputum samples of 16 leukemia patients with pneumonia, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). synthetic oligonucleotide primer pair were used to amplify dna from the major immediately genes of cmv and genes for the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosomal rna of p. carinii. amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis. in two cases, cmv-dna was detected at about the ... | 1992 | 1338207 |
| fungus-specific translation elongation factor 3 gene present in pneumocystis carinii. | historically, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with aids. antiprotozoan drugs are effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of p. carinii pneumonia, which lends credence to the widely held view that p. carinii is a protozoan. however, recent genetic evidence suggests that p. carinii should be classified as a fungus. translation elongation factor 3 (ef-3) is an essential, soluble translation component which is unique to fungal ... | 1992 | 1339410 |
| [infectious complications of heart-lung transplantation]. | this study describes the infectious complications in 68 heart-lung transplant patients. we focused interest on early post-transplant infections so called nosocomial pulmonary infections, their exacerbating cofactors their clinical expression, and elements of diagnosis and treatment. furthermore we describe the principal infections seen during long-term followup, which are opportunist infections caused most often by immunosuppression: cytomegalovirus infections have a high incidence with serious ... | 1992 | 1340092 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by dot immunobinding assay and immunofluorescence. | 1992 | 1341210 | |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human pneumocystis carinii for the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | monoclonal antibodies against human pneumocystis carinii were produced by fusion of myeloma cells (x63-ag8.653) with splenocytes from biozzi mice that had been immunized against p. carinii cysts isolated from infected human lung. the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of these monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia by indirect immunofluorescence in comparison with a modified silver stain method and commercial kits. | 1992 | 1341432 |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection. various aspects on its clinical and laboratory diagnosis]. | p carinii is an opportunistic pathogenic agent able to produce severe infection that must be diagnosed promptly. we analyzed 138 samples from 100 patients suspected of having infection by p carinii. the ortho-toluidine blue and the methenamine stains were used to analyze the samples. infection was demonstrated in 18 patients, 13 adults and 5 children. underlying disease was aids in 7 and other immunosuppressive disorders in the rest. no immunocompetent patient was infected with p carinii. proper ... | 1992 | 1341792 |
| [paracoccidioides brasiliensis (lutz, 1908) isolated by hemoculture in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | a case of an aids patient with positive blood culture for paracoccidiodes brasiliensis is reported. the patient was a 29-years-old male born in nova londrina (paraná state, brazil) who presented splenomegaly and fever of unknown origin. three blood cultures were performed, each one of them for aerobic bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. cultures for aerobic bacteria and mycobacteria were negative. however, the yeast phase p. brasiliensis was isolated from two cultures in bhi agar, 20 days after in ... | 1992 | 1342126 |
| [japanese clinical statistical data of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 1992 | 1344377 | |
| [pediatric aids: a report of the first fatal cuban pediatric case]. | the case of a cuban child with aids acquired by perinatal transmission is reported. thirteen days after birth, the child had chronic diarrhoeas affecting its pondostatural development. it was hospitalized many times due to recurrent respiratory processes, in one of which pneumocystis carinii was detected. oral candidiasis, cryptosporidiosis and intestinal amebiasis in faeces were also diagnosed. it died with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and bradypnea. at autopsy, the direct death cause w ... | 1992 | 1344687 |
| [infections and other opportunistic processes in a group of cuban stage-iv hiv patients]. | forty cuban patients affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), belonging to group iv, assisted during a year at the pedro kourí tropical medicine institute, are reported. pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidiosis, mucocutaneous herpes simplex, oral candidiasis and multidermatoma herpes zoster were the most commonly found infections. other non-opportunistic diseases such as dermatitis seborrhoeica and onychomycosis were also present. | 1992 | 1344688 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection complicating cytotoxic therapy in two patients with lymphopenia, but a normal total white cell count. | 1992 | 1346096 | |
| drug interactions in use of dapsone for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | 1992 | 1347616 | |
| seasonal variation in presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1347618 | |
| the effects on survival of early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | zidovudine has been shown to prolong survival in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and, in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection but not aids, to delay the progression to aids. however, it is still uncertain whether treatment before the development of aids prolongs survival. | 1992 | 1347907 |
| outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | the outpatient management of patients infected with human immunodeficiency syndrome is reviewed. patients with cd4+ cell counts of greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/l (500/mm3) require no specific intervention except vaccination against influenza, pneumococcus, and possibly hepatitis b. they should have a follow-up examination every 3 to 6 months. because of its success in preventing the progression of the disease, zidovudine (azt), 100 mg five times per day, is recommended for patients with cd4+ cell co ... | 1992 | 1348266 |
| from the centers for disease control. recommendations for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for adults and adolescents infected with hiv. | 1992 | 1348788 | |
| recommendations for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | in 1989, the united states public health service convened a task force of experts to consider the expanding knowledge base about prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among adults and adolescents (greater than or equal to 13 years of age) with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this task force concluded that the morbidity, mortality, and cost due to pcp could be substantially reduced by appropriate use of antipneumocystis prophylaxis in subgroups of hiv-infected patients ... | 1992 | 1348843 |
| seasonal incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1349413 | |
| comparison of nebuliser efficiency for aerosolizing pentamidine. | inhaled pentamidine has become an important method of treatment and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and we have compared nebuliser efficiency in terms of drug output and droplet sizes in four brands of jet nebuliser (acorn-22, inspiron, cirrus, respirgard ii) and one brand of ultrasonic nebuliser (fisoneb), at 2 pentamidine concentrations and 3 flow rates, using a laser particle sizer. droplet size (which varied from 1.2 to 4.7 microns mass median diameter) was dependent in all ca ... | 1992 | 1350636 |
| prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | following the initial observation by dr. margaret fischl that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can prevent pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with kaposi's sarcoma, initiating prophylaxis for pneumocystic infection in all patients with less than 200 cd4+ cells/mm3 has become accepted practice. this prophylactic intervention has been found not only to reduce the development of pneumonia due to p. carinii but also to prolong life. drs. henry masur and joseph a. kovacs first reviewed prophylax ... | 1992 | 1350925 |
| low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with aids. | to determine the efficacy of low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (trimethoprim, 160 mg plus sulfamethoxazole, 800 mg; one tablet twice daily, 2 days per week) as primary prophylaxis against toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and previous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1351371 |
| optimal management strategies for hiv-infected patients who present with cough or dyspnea: a cost-effective analysis. | to determine the effectiveness and costs of alternative management strategies for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who present with pulmonary symptoms. | 1992 | 1351940 |
| changes in the spectrum of aids-defining conditions and decrease in cd4+ lymphocyte counts at aids manifestation in germany from 1986 to 1991. | analysis of changes in the spectrum of aids-defining conditions and their correlation with cd4+ lymphocyte counts in different risk groups associated with hiv transmission. | 1992 | 1352106 |
| improved diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection by polymerase chain reaction on induced sputum and blood. | detection of pneumocystis carinii by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) may facilitate non-invasive diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia and study of its epidemiology. we have compared the sensitivity and specificity of two pcr methods with those of conventional staining for detection of p carinii in induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal), and blood. of 71 sputum samples, 17 were from patients with microbiologically confirmed p carinii pneumonia. a nested pcr method correctly identified ... | 1992 | 1353136 |
| dysfunction of natural killer cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with or without pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children with normal t-cell numbers is contrary to previous experience with hiv-infected adults, in whom low cd4+ t-cell numbers predict susceptibility to pcp. to determine whether pcp in hiv-infected children reflects a qualitative t-cell or other immune defect, we studied four hiv-infected children who also had pcp and 10 others without pcp for t-cell and natural killer (nk) cell function. mo ... | 1992 | 1353523 |
| cd4+ cells and cd4+ percent as risk markers for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp): implications for primary pcp prophylaxis. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during 2 years in hiv-infected patients with less than or equal to 100 x 10(6)/l cd4+ cells, less than or equal to 200 x 10(6)/l cd4+ cells and less than 20% cd4+ cells of total t lymphocytes were compared. the relative pcp risk in 57 patients with less than or equal to 100 cd4+ cells was more than twice higher than in 120 patients with less than or equal to 200 cd4+ cells. the latter had almost twice higher relative pcp risk than 271 patient ... | 1992 | 1353633 |
| [the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by pentamidine inhalation]. | 167 hiv-positive patients (155 men, 12 women; mean age 31 [18-61] years) with cd4 lymphocyte counts below 250/microliter every 4 weeks received 300 mg pentamidine per aerosol inhalation during out-patient visits, as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii. 89 patients were clinically in the aids stage and 33 in the aids-related complex (arc) stage. 29 patients had a lymphadenopathy syndrome, while 16 were asymptomatic. 130 patients received primary prophylaxis, while 37 who had previously had a ... | 1992 | 1353721 |
| efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosol pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosolised pentamidine as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) amongst two groups of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. group 1 (primary prophylaxis) consisted of patients with either diseases indicative of aids other than pcp or whose absolute cd4 positive lymphocyte count was below 200/mm3, and group 2 (secondary prophylaxis) comprised pa ... | 1992 | 1353750 |
| both immunity and hyperresponsiveness to pneumocystis carinii result from transfer of cd4+ but not cd8+ t cells into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. | the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii (pc) is considered to be the leading cause of morbidity in patients with aids. it is important, therefore, to determine the immunological mechanisms of resistance to pc. we have taken advantage of the lack of both t and b lymphocytes in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice to determine the critical factors in resistance to spontaneously acquired pc pneumonia. using adoptive transfer of unfractionated or fractionated lymphocyte subsets or hy ... | 1992 | 1353767 |
| resolution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cd4+ lymphocyte-depleted mice given aerosols of heat-treated escherichia coli. | mice were thymectomized and depleted of cd4+ lymphocytes by treatment with monoclonal antibody to induce pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia (pcp). these mice were then exposed to aerosols of heat-treated escherichia coli three times a week. aerosol treatment for 10 d caused a slight reduction in numbers of pc nuclei in the lungs of mice, and treatment for 22 d resulted in nearly complete resolution of pcp. large numbers of macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and lymphocytes accumulated i ... | 1992 | 1355103 |
| failure of low-dose dapsone-pyrimethamine in primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1356193 | |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a clinical approach comparing aerosolized pentamidine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) was analyzed in 83 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients who inhaled aerosolized pentamidine (ap) either for primary prophylaxis (group ia) or secondary prophylaxis (group iia) of pcp. these cohorts were compared with two historical groups of patients who took fansidar (pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine) for primary prophylaxis (group ib) or secondary prophylaxis (group iib) of pcp. the follow-up was 3 ... | 1992 | 1356529 |
| molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a review of twenty-seven patients. | molluscum contagiosum (mc) is a common and at times severely disfiguring cutaneous viral infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1357010 |
| long-term symptomless hiv-1 infection in recipients of blood products from a single donor. | there have been reported cases of long-term symptomless human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, but it is not clear whether the benign course of infection was due to host, viral, or other unknown factors. during follow-up of subjects with transfusion-acquired hiv-1 infection in new south wales, australia, we identified a group of 6 subjects who had been infected through a single common donor. we were therefore able to study the contributions of various factors to the course of inf ... | 1992 | 1357294 |
| co-trimoxazole versus dapsone-pyrimethamine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1357487 | |
| survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women after an index delivery. | our objective was to provide information on survival and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive pregnant women undergoing prospective evaluation. | 1992 | 1359787 |
| a controlled trial of aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. the dutch aids treatment group. | primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is recommended for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection if their cd4 cell counts are below 200 per cubic millimeter (0.2 x 10(9) per liter). either aerosolized pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is commonly prescribed for prophylaxis, but the relative efficacy and toxicity of these agents are unknown. | 1992 | 1360145 |
| update on drug therapy for hiv and related infections in adults. | antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine is indicated in patients with cd4 cell counts below 500 per mm3 (500 x 10(6) per l). patients intolerant of zidovudine and those with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection may benefit from newer antiretroviral agents, such as didanosine (ddl) or zalcitabine (ddc). prophylactic therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is indicated in patients with cd4 cell counts below 200 per mm3 (200 x 10(6) per l), in patients with cd4 cell counts less than 20 ... | 1992 | 1360766 |
| incidence and natural history of mycobacterium avium-complex infections in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. the zidovudine epidemiology study group. | to determine the incidence and natural history of mycobacterium avium-complex infections in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we studied a multicenter cohort of 1,020 persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or the aids-related complex (arc) and cd4 cell count < 0.250 x 10(9)/l initially treated with zidovudine between april 1987 and april 1988. m. avium-complex infections developed in 123 (12%) patients during follow-up, with a 2-yr actuarial risk ... | 1992 | 1362634 |
| salmonella, campylobacter and shigella in hiv-seropositive patients. | to study the incidence, clinical features, treatment and outcome of patients with salmonella, shigella or campylobacter infection. | 1992 | 1362879 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in hiv-1-infected individuals: a common opportunistic infection in spain? | to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and biological features of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in patients with hiv-1 infection. | 1992 | 1362880 |
| cd4 lymphocyte decline and survival in human immunodeficiency virus infection. the military medical consortium for applied retroviral research. | the loss of the cd4 lymphocyte is the central pathophysiologic event in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. this retrospective study, based on review of data from deceased hiv patients followed in a single hiv clinic, was conducted to determine if the rate of cd4 lymphocyte decline was predictive of survival. forty of 172 patients met defined criteria for inclusion in this study. for each patient, cd4-cell counts showed approximate exponential decline over time. a co ... | 1992 | 1362886 |
| role of cd8+ in late opportunistic infections of patients with aids. | we studied the relationship of cd4+ and cd8+ depletion to initial and late opportunistic infections in 62 patients with aids. the mean interval between initial and late infections was 12.2 months. geometric mean (and 95% confidence intervals) of t-cell counts at the diagnosis of each infection were: (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) cd4+ 0.051 (0.044-0.058) x 10(9)/l, cd8+ 0.561 (0.476-0.646) x 10(9)/l; (cytomegalovirus retinitis) cd4+ 0.025 (0.019-0.031) x 10(9)/l, cd8+ 0.333 (0.183-0.483) x 10( ... | 1992 | 1363252 |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection in a patients with led]. | 1992 | 1365999 | |
| pancreatitis in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection. | because pancreatitis has been reported frequently in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection, we sought to determine the incidence of pancreatitis in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by reviewing all records of children with aids, their serum amylase and lipase levels, and the factors associated with pancreatitis through a case-control analysis. during a 6-year period pancreatitis developed in 9 (17%) of 53 pediatric patients with aids. six children had vertical transm ... | 1992 | 1370962 |
| pneumocystis carinii and specific fungi have a common epitope, identified by a monoclonal antibody. | because pneumocystis carinii may be related to fungi, we evaluated the reactivities of monoclonal antibodies raised against p. carinii with a variety of fungi. fifty-two fungi and six protozoa were evaluated by immunofluorescence. one of three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) tested (mab 7d7) reacted with 15 fungi but no protozoa. saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the strongest reactivity by immunofluorescence. the reactive antigen was characterized for four fungi by the immunoblot technique. in all c ... | 1992 | 1371519 |
| t-lymphocyte responses to pneumocystis carinii in healthy and hiv-positive individuals. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a well-recognized cause of morbidity in patients with impaired t-cell function. in this study of cellular immunity to p. carinii, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 hiv antibody-positive (hiv+) patients and 11 healthy individuals were stimulated in vitro with p. carinii antigen. the responding t-cell blasts were cocultured with autologous p. carinii antigen-pulsed macrophages to measure p. carinii-specific cytolytic t-lymphocyte activity (ctl). t-c ... | 1992 | 1372354 |
| pneumocystis carinii in corticosteroid-treated voles: a comparison of three different staining methods. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) is an opportunistic pathogen which causes clinical disease in immunocompromised hosts. three different staining protocols were employed to detect this organism in lung samples of corticosteroid treated voles in order to discover a suitable method for large-scale screening. the procedures employed were: grocotts methenamine silver (gms)-stained paraffin sections, toluidine blue o-stained impression smears, and methenamine-silver-stained frozen sections. gms-stained paraf ... | 1992 | 1372372 |
| a search for pneumocystis carinii in post-mortem lungs by dna amplification. | dna amplification of specific sequences and subsequent oligonucleotide hybridization were used to search for pneumocystis carinii in post-mortem lung samplings from non-immunosuppressed individuals ranging from 15 to 70 years of age. no p. carinii-specific dna was detected in 45 dna amplification reactions from 15 lungs. | 1992 | 1373186 |
| correlation of morphologic diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii with the presence of pneumocystis dna amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. | we compared the presence of p. carinii in clinical specimens as detected by standard cytomorphologic techniques with amplification of p. carinii-specific dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). results correlated in 33 of 37 instances (89%): nine specimens were positive by both pcr and morphology; 24 specimens were negative by both techniques. two specimens from one patient were obtained 3 days apart. the first specimen was both cytologically and pcr negative, while the second specimen was b ... | 1992 | 1374186 |
| monoclonal antibody to pneumocystis carinii. comparison with silver stain in bronchial lavage specimens. | monoclonal 3f6 anti-pneumocystis carinii antibody (mab-3f6) was used to stain cell blocks from 164 bronchial lavage specimens from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex and compared with slides stained with grocott's modification of the gomori methenamine silver stain. pneumocystis organisms were present in 83 of 164 cases using mab-3f6 stain, whereas grocott's modified silver stain demonstrated pneumocystis organisms in 48. mab-3f6 demonstrated pn ... | 1992 | 1374213 |
| [calcofluor-white staining in the identification of pneumocystis carinii]. | calcofluor white stain is widely used as a fluorescent stain in mycology. recently, it was found that by calcofluor white staining pneumocystis carinii cysts exert a highly characteristic staining pattern. we retested fifteen clinical specimens which were known to be positive for pneumocystis carinii (diagnosis made by a methenamine silver stain). calcofluor white stain proved to be a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for detecting pneumocystis carinii in clinical specimens. | 1992 | 1374561 |
| improved intracellular morphology of pneumocystis carinii from rat lung by postfixation with a mixture of potassium ferrocyanide and osmium tetroxide. | pneumocystis carinii infected rat lungs were postfixed with a mixture of oso4 and k4fe(cn)6. a marked improvement in staining of cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membranes and glycogen was observed. these improvements were seen in both the trophic and cystic forms of the organisms. the addition of k4fe(cn)6 did not improve the staining of cell walls, microtubules or ribosomes. trophozoites were seen attached to both type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes by filopodia and/or intercalation of ... | 1992 | 1377505 |
| interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | interstitial pneumonia unrelated to pneumocystis carinii or other infections was observed histopathologically in 5 of 25 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the predominant lesion was lymphocytic infiltration of interalveolar septa and hyperplasia of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid tissue. immunohistochemical staining using a panel of antibodies against human t and b lymphocytes, macrophages, and immunoglobulins showed that peribronchial aggregates and inter ... | 1992 | 1378892 |
| didanosine. a review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | didanosine is a dideoxynucleoside analogue which undergoes intracellular conversion to the putative active triphosphate metabolite. the active metabolite appears to inhibit viral reverse transcriptase and terminate the proviral dna, and produces virustatic inhibition of actively replicating human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at clinically relevant concentrations. in phase i studies didanosine had beneficial effects on various surrogate markers of clinical efficacy and also improved clinical mani ... | 1992 | 1379914 |
| chronic pneumocystis carinii infection of the liver. a case report and review of the literature. | pneumocystis carinii infection of the liver is being reported with increasing frequency in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the clinical picture typically resembles hepatitis. we report such an occurrence in a patient with persistent elevation of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with relatively normal transaminases who was found to have p. carinii on antemortem liver biopsy. the differential diagnosis of abnormal alkaline phosphatase and gamma-gluta ... | 1992 | 1380020 |
| comparison of dna amplification and immunofluorescence for detecting pneumocystis carinii in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. | two studies were performed to compare the sensitivity of dna amplification with immunofluorescence for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in asymptomatic normal and immunosuppressed subjects receiving no anti-pneumocystis chemoprophylaxis. in the first study, immunofluorescence and silver stains were used to examine 12 induced sputa and 12 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 24 normal control subjects; induced sputa from 20 renal transplant recipients; and induced sputa from 11 patients wit ... | 1992 | 1384181 |
| [study on the therapeutic effects of interferon and gamma-globulin in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | this study was performed to observe the therapeutic effects of interferon-gamma(ifn-gamma) and gamma-globulin(gamma-globulin) in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of immune suppressed mice. after 9 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(tmp-smz; 10-50 mg/mouse/day), mouse ifn-gamma(5 x 10(4) units/mouse/day) and mouse gamma-globulin(20 mg/mouse/day) were administered to the mice for 3 weeks by the experimental group. the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by body weights, histopathologic ... | 1992 | 1384689 |