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diverse colletotrichum species cause anthracnose of tea plants (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) in china.anthracnose caused by colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases that can afflict camellia sinensis. however, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of colletotrichum in china remain limited. in this study, 106 colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased leaves of ca. sinensis cultivated in the 15 main tea production provinces in china. multi-locus phylogenetic analysis coupled with morphological identification showed that the collected isolates belonged to 11 sp ...201627782129
ethnopharmacological survey about medicinal plants utilized by herbalists and traditional practitioner healers for treatments of diarrhea in the west bank/palestine.folk herbal medicine knowledge and its utilization by aboriginal cultures are not only useful for conservation of cultural traditions and biodiversity, but also useful for community healthcare and drug discovery in the present and in the future.201626883246
the immunomodulatory potential of selected bioactive plant-based compounds in breast cancer: a review.breast cancer has continued to cause high cancer death rates among women worldwide. the use of plants' natural products in breast cancer treatment has received more attention in recent years due to their potentially wider safety margin and the potential to complement conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. plant-based products have demonstrated anticancer potential through different biological pathways including modulation of the immune system. immunomodulatory properties of medicinal plants have b ...201627539316
natural cures for breast cancer treatment.for centuries, herbs and plants have been used for medicinal purposes and as food as well. this review concerns about different types of plants that retain the immune stimulating and anti-tumor properties. large variety of active phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids, ligands, polyphenolics, terpenoids, sulfides, lignans and plant sterols has been identified in different types of herbs. these phytochemicals have different mechanisms of action. they either stimulate the protective enzyme ...201627275107
medicinal plants--prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? a systematic review.gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. a high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the rese ...201627268043
antimicrobial activity of tea catechin against canine oral bacteria and the functional mechanisms.epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the major polyphenolic compound of green tea. polyphenolic compounds were extracted from the leaf of camellia sinensis (japanese green tea), and the minimum inhibitory concentration against canine oral bacteria was measured. subsequently, we investigated the inhibitory effects of polyphenolic compounds and egcg on the growth of canine oral bacteria. egcg showed antimicrobial activity against a model bacterium, streptococcus mutans. our results indicate that egc ...201627246281
inhibition of streptococcus mutans biofilm formation using extracts from assam tea compared to green tea.streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive oral bacterium, has been identified as one of the principal etiological agents of human dental caries. to clarify the nature of the difference anti-biofilm effect against s. mutans between assam tea from camellia sinensis var. assamica, partially fermented, and green tea from camellia sinensis, non-fermented, active agents from the teas were purified.201627107380
nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and the effect of tea extracts on isolates.this study aimed to determine the occurrence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) nasal carriage among patients, healthcare workers (hcws), and community individuals, as well as to test the effect of tea extracts on detected s. aureus isolates.201627749645
black tea theaflavins attenuate porphyromonas gingivalis virulence properties, modulate gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity and exert anti-inflammatory activity.over the last 10 years, bioactive plant food compounds have received considerable attention in regard to their beneficial effects against periodontal disease. in this study, we investigated the effects of black tea theaflavins (tfs) on the virulence properties of porphyromonas gingivalis and gingival keratinocyte tight junction integrity. in addition, the effects of black tea tfs on the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokine/matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) secret ...201627549582
cloning and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from tea plant (camellia sinensis).tea leaves contain abundant flavan-3-ols, which include dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins. flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h: ec 1.14.13.21) is one of the enzymes in the establishment of the hydroxylation pattern. a gene encoding f3'h, designated as csf3'h, was isolated from camellia sinensis with a homology-based cloning technique and deposited in the genbank (genbank id: kt180309). bioinformatic analysis revealed that csf3'h was highly homologous with the characterized f3'hs from other ...201626907264
characterization and cloning of laccase gene from hericium coralloides nbrc 7716 suitable for production of epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate.epitheaflagallin 3-o-gallate (etfgg) is a minor polyphenol found in black tea extract, which has good physiological functions. it is synthesized from epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) with gallic acid via laccase oxidation. various basidiomycetes and fungi were screened to find a suitable laccase for the production of etfgg. a basidiomycete, hericium coralloides nbrc 7716, produced an appropriate extracellular laccase. the purified laccase produced twice the level of etfgg compared with commercial ...201626672458
brewing and volatiles analysis of three tea beers indicate a potential interaction between tea components and lager yeast.green tea, oolong tea and black tea were separately introduced to brew three kinds of tea beers. a model was designed to investigate the tea beer flavour character. comparison of the volatiles between the sample of tea beer plus water mixture (tbw) and the sample of combination of tea infusion and normal beer (ctb) was accomplished by triangular sensory test and hs-spme gc-ms analysis. the pca of gc-ms data not only showed a significant difference between volatile features of each tbw and ctb gr ...201626616936
a comparative evaluation of antibacterial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite, curcuma longa, and camellia sinensis as irrigating solutions on isolated anaerobic bacteria from infected primary teeth.in endodontics, most of the commercial intra-canal medicaments have cytotoxic reactions and because of their inability to eliminate bacteria from dentinal tubules, recent medicine has turned its attention to the usage of biologic medication prepared from natural plants. the literature to testify the efficacy of natural alternatives in primary teeth is meagre and its effects as irrigating solutions need to be evaluated.201627080968
natural product htp screening for antibacterial (e.coli 0157:h7) and anti-inflammatory agents in (lps from e. coli o111:b4) activated macrophages and microglial cells; focus on sepsis.acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome arising from infection can lead to multiple organ failure and death, with greater susceptibility occurring in immunocompromised individuals. moreover, sub-acute chronic inflammation is a contributor to the pathology of diverse degenerative diseases (parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease and arthritis). given the known limitations in western medicine to treat a broad range of inflammatory related illness as well as the emergence of antibiotic resis ...201627846826
arginine kinase in toxocara canis: exon-intron organization, functional analysis of site-directed mutants and evaluation of putative enzyme inhibitors.to determine exon/intron organization of the toxocara canis (t. canis) ak (tcak) and to test green and black tea and several other chemicals against the activity of recombinant tcak in the guanidino-specific region by site-directed mutants.201627794395
antibacterial activity of polyphenolic fraction of kombucha against enteric bacterial pathogens.the emergence of multi-drug-resistant enteric pathogens has prompted the scientist community to explore the therapeutic potentials of traditional foods and beverages. the present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of kombucha, a fermented beverage of sugared black tea, against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium followed by the identification of the antibacterial components present in kombucha. the antibacterial activity w ...201627638313
formation of volatile tea constituent indole during the oolong tea manufacturing process.indole is a characteristic volatile constituent in oolong tea. our previous study indicated that indole was mostly accumulated at the turn over stage of oolong tea manufacturing process. however, formation of indole in tea leaves remains unknown. in this study, one tryptophan synthase α-subunit (tsa) and three tryptophan synthase β-subunits (tsbs) from tea leaves were isolated, cloned, sequenced, and functionally characterized. combination of cstsa and cstsb2 recombinant protein produced in esch ...201627263428
anti-hemolytic, hemagglutination inhibition and bacterial membrane disruptive properties of selected herbal extracts attenuate virulence of carbapenem resistant escherichia coli.expression of a multitude of virulence factors by multi-drug resistant microbial strains, e.g., carbapenem resistant escherichia coli (family: enterobacteriaceae; class: gammaproteobacteria), is responsible for resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics. hemolysin production and induction of hemagglutination by bacterial surface receptors inflicts direct cytotoxicity by destroying host phagocytic and epithelial cells. we have previously reported that berberis aristata, camellia sinensis, cyperus ...201627057673
assessment of aquo-ethanolic extract of camellia sinensis against carbapenem resistant escherichia coli: in vivo trials in a murine model.the prevalence of carbapenem resistant escherichia coli (cre) has increased considerably during the last decade, which can be ascribed to relative scarcity of effective non toxic antimicrobial agents. the present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aquo-ethanolic (1:1) extract of leaves of camellia sinensis (ptrc-31911-a) against carbapenem resistant escherichia coli at preclinical level using peritonitis infection model in sprague dawley rats. efficacy analysis of ptrc ...201627044838
molecular cloning and characterization of hydroperoxide lyase gene in the leaves of tea plant (camellia sinensis).hydroperoxide lyase (hpl, e.c. 4.1.2.) is the major enzyme in the biosynthesis of natural volatile aldehydes and alcohols in plants, however, little was known about hpl in tea plants (camellia sinensis). a unique cdna fragment was isolated by suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) from a tea plant subjected to herbivory by tea geometrid ectropis obliqua. this full length cdna acquired by race was 1476 bp and encoded 491 amino acids. dna and protein blast searches showed high homology to hpl ...201626886573
attenuation of adhesion, quorum sensing and biofilm mediated virulence of carbapenem resistant escherichia coli by selected natural plant products.the multi-drug resistance offered by carbapenem resistant escherichia coli (family: enterobacteriaceae; class: gammaproteobacteria) against third line antibiotics can be attributed towards its ability to develop biofilm. such process involves adhesion and quorum-sensing induced colonization leading to biomass development. the present study explored the anti-adhesion, anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm potential of 05 pre-standardized potent herbals. berberis aristata (ptrc-2111-a) exhibited ma ...201626792674
cyp74b24 is the 13-hydroperoxide lyase involved in biosynthesis of green leaf volatiles in tea (camellia sinensis).green leaf volatiles (glvs) are c6-aliphatic aldehydes/alcohols/acetates, and biosynthesized from the central precursor fatty acid 13-hydroperoxides by 13-hydroperoxide lyases (hpls) in various plant species. while glvs have been implicated as defense compounds in plants, glvs give characteristic grassy note to a bouquet of aroma in green tea, which is manufactured from young leaves of camellia sinensis. here we identify three hpl-related genes from c. sinensis via rna-sequencing (rna-seq) in si ...201626686283
camellia sinensis ameliorates the efficacy of last line antibiotics against carbapenem resistant escherichia coli.aquo-ethanolic extract of camellia sinensis (ptrc-31911-a), standardized using fourier transform infrared analysis, was found to have seven common functional groups in comparison with pre-identified marker compound 'quercetin'. phyto-chemical quantitation analysis revealed the presence of 10.65 µg/mg of flavonoids. the bioactivity fingerprint profile of ptrc-31911-a includes ic50 (hydroxyl radical site specific scavenging)  = 11.36 ± 0.5 µg/ml, ic80 (hydroxyl radical non-site specific scavenging ...201626620305
butenolide derivatives from the plant endophytic fungus aspergillus terreus.three new butenolides containing 5-hydroxyfuran-2(5h)-one core, asperteretal a (1), asperteretal b (2), and asperteretal c (3), together with seven known butenolides (4-10), were obtained from an endophytic fungus aspergillus terreus pr-p-2 isolated from the plant camellia sinensis var. assamica. the structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis including uv, ir, hresims, 1d and 2d nmr, and ecd spectra. compounds 1, 3, 5 and 6-8 showed potent inhibit ...201627370101
distribution of tannin-'tolerant yeasts isolated from miang, a traditional fermented tea leaf (camellia sinensis var. assamica) in northern thailand.miang is a fermented food product prepared from the tea leaves of camellia sinensis var. assamica, and is traditionally produced in mountainous areas of northern thailand. although miang has a long history and reveals deep-rooted cultural involvement with local people in northern thailand, little is known regarding its microbial diversity. yeasts were isolated from 47 miang samples collected from 28 sampling sites, including eight provinces in upper northern thailand. a hundred and seven yeast i ...201627614423
decreased biosynthesis of jasmonic acid via lipoxygenase pathway compromised caffeine-induced resistance to colletotrichum gloeosporioides under elevated co2 in tea seedlings.caffeine, the major purine alkaloid in tea has long been known for its role in plant defense. however, its effect on colletotrichum gloeosporioides that causes brown blight disease in tea is largely unknown especially under elevated co2. here we show that elevated co2 reduced endogenous caffeine content in tea leaves, but sharply increased susceptibility of tea to c. gloeosporioides. the expression of c. gloeosporioides actin gene was gradually increased during the postinoculation period. in con ...201627392179
tea polyphenols inhibit the activation of nf-κb and the secretion of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases by macrophages stimulated with fusobacterium nucleatum.fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with both periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease. this gram-negative bacterium possesses a high inflammatory potential that may contribute to the disease process. we hypothesized that green and black tea polyphenols attenuate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages mediated by f. nucleatum. we first showed that the tea extracts, egcg and theaflavins reduce the nf-κb activation induced by f. nucleatum in monocytes. since nf-κb is ...201627694921
high antiviral effects of hibiscus tea extract on the h5 subtypes of low and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.viral neuraminidase inhibitors are widely used as synthetic anti-influenza drugs for the prevention and treatment of influenza. however, drug-resistant influenza a virus variants, including h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs), have been reported. therefore, the discovery of novel and effective antiviral agents is warranted. we screened the antiviral effects of 11 herbal tea extracts (hibiscus, black tea, tencha, rosehip tea, burdock tea, green tea, jasmine tea, ginger tea, la ...201627193820
camellia sinensis supplemented diet enhances the innate non-specific responses, haematological parameters and growth performance in mugil cephalus against photobacterium damselae.this study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of camellia sinensis leaf-extract on non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of mugil cephalus fingerling against p. damselae. fish were fed with 0 (unsupplemented), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of green tea extract (gte) supplemented diets. results indicated that gte decreased mortality in m. cephalus in a dose-dependent manner after challenge with p. damselae. haematological parameters containing rbc, hct, hb and wbc and growth p ...201627582289
pseudomoniasis phytotherapy: a review on most important iranian medicinal plants effective on pseudomonas aeruginosa.pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative, aerobic bacterium found in water and soil. it is a normal flora in skin and gastrointestinal tract of human beings. p. aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen involved in nosocomial infections having multiple pathogenic factors and shows high rate of resistance to different antibiotics. the aim of this study was to identify the most important native medicinal plants of iran effective on p. aeruginosa.201628149496
efficacy of methanolic extract of green and black teas against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa.pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major bacteria causing acute infections. β-lactamase production is the principal defense mechanism in gram-negative bacteria. the aim of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of green and black teas on p. aeruginosa extended spectrum-β-lactamases (esbls) production. this research was carried out on burn wounds of 245 hospitalized patients in kerman, iran. p. aeruginosa esbls and mbl producing strains were detected by comb ...201627393439
natural polyphenols: potential in the prevention of sexually transmitted viral infections.sexually transmitted viral infections represent a major public health concern due to lack of effective prevention strategies. efforts are ongoing to develop modalities that can enable simultaneous prevention of multiple sexually transmitted infections. in the present review, we discuss the potential of natural polyphenols to prevent sexually transmitted viral infections. the review gives an account of various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavins (blac ...201626546859
plants and other natural products used in the management of oral infections and improvement of oral health.challenges of resistance to synthetic antimicrobials have opened new vistas in the search for natural products. this article rigorously reviews plants and other natural products used in oral health: punica granatum l. (pomegranate), matricaria recutita l. (chamomile), camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (green tea), chewing sticks made from diospyros mespiliformis hochst. ex a.d.c., diospyros lycioides desf., and salvadora persica l. (miswak), honey and propolis from the manuka tree (leptospermum scop ...201626522671
thesis abstract fermented milk elaborated with camellia sinensis.this study aimed to develop and to characterize fermented dairy beverage formulated with camellia sinensis. the infusion was elaborated with the addiction of dehydrated leaves of c. sinensis in whey (1g/100g) which added in sweetened milk (10% sucrose w/w) coagulated by streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus and lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus in proportions of 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/w). the control treatment consisted of yogurt added with sucrose (10% w/w). analysis wer ...201627323046
fermented rice bran prevents atopic dermatitis in dncb-treated nc/nga mice.the fermentation of natural plants has a favorable effect on the functional and biological activities of living systems. these include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. this is attributed to the chemical conversion of the parent plants to functional constituents, which show more potent biological activity. in our study, rice bran along with oriental medicinal plants (angelicae gigantis, cnidium officinale, artemisia princeps, and camellia sinensis) was ...201627323667
functional properties of novel epigallocatechin gallate glucosides synthesized by using dextransucrase from leuconostoc mesenteroides b-1299cb4.epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the most abundant catechin found in the leaves of green tea, camellia sinensis. in this study, novel epigallocatechin gallate-glucocides (egcg-gs) were synthesized by using dextransucrase from leuconostoc mesenteroides b-1299cb4. response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the conversion of egcg to egcg-gs, resulting in a 91.43% conversion rate of egcg. each egcg-g was purified using a c18 column. of nine egcg-gs identified by nuclear magnetic resonanc ...201627933996
optical dental whitening efficacy of blue covarine toothpaste in teeth stained by different colors.evaluate the immediate and cumulative optical whitening efficacy of a blue covarine toothpaste.201626990460
genetic variation of flavonols quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol in the sri lankan tea (camellia sinensis l.) and their health-promoting aspects.flavonol glycosides in tea leaves have been quantified as aglycones, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. occurrence of the said compounds was reported in fruits and vegetable for a long time in association with the antioxidant potential. however, data on flavonols in tea were scanty and, hence, this study aims to envisage the flavonol content in a representative pool of accessions present in the sri lankan tea germplasm. significant amounts of myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol have been det ...201627366737
green tea (camellia sinensis) for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized open-label active-controlled clinical trial.green tea is known as a dietary supplement and a novel functional food worldwide. since there are increasing preclinical evidence about efficacy of green tea for treating osteoarthritis, this study has aimed at assessing its efficacy and safety for patients with knee osteoarthritis.201628038881
isolation of chs gene from brunfelsia acuminata flowers and its regulation in anthocyanin biosysthesis.chalcone synthase gene (bachs) from brunfelsia acuminata flowers was isolated using rt-pcr and race. the coding region of the gene is 1425-bp with an open reading frame of 1170-bp, 73-bp 5'utr, and 172-bp 3'utr. its deduced protein does not have a signal peptide but does contain a cond_enzyme superfamily domain, and consists of 389 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 42,699 da and a pi of 6.57. the deduced amino acid sequence of bachs shares 90%, 88%, 85%, 84% and 79% identity with ch ...201628036083
acute black tea consumption improves cutaneous vascular function in healthy middle-aged humans.dietary flavonoids, such as those present in black tea, are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd), possibly through improving nitric oxide (no) mediated vascular function. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute black tea ingestion on cutaneous microvascular function.201628034564
tea consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis.background and objective: controversial results of the association between tea (black tea, green tea, mate, and oolong tea) consumption and risk of bladder cancer were reported among epidemiological studies. thus, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the association. methods: we searched the pubmed and embase for studies of tea consumption and bladder cancer that were published in any language up to march, 2016. cohort or case-control studies were included in the ...201628167914
global transcriptional analysis reveals the complex relationship between tea quality, leaf senescence and the responses to cold-drought combined stress in camellia sinensis.in field conditions, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, tea plants are often simultaneously exposed to various abiotic stresses such as cold and drought, which have profound effects on leaf senescence process and tea quality. however, most studies of gene expression in stress responses focus on a single inciting agent, and the confounding effect of multiple stresses on crop quality and leaf senescence remain unearthed. here, global transcriptome profiles of tea leaves under separately cold ...201628018394
anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect of theabrownin against non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma a549 cells.with the highest cancer incidence rate, lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc), is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. tea (leaves of camellia sinensis) has been widely used as a traditional beverage beneficial to human health, including anti-nsclc activity. theabrownin (tb) is one major kind of tea pigment responsible for the beneficial effects of tea liquor. however, its effect on nsclc is unknown. the aim of the present study was to evaluate anti-proliferative ...201627994550
effect of diabetea tea ™ consumption on inflammatory cytokines and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients.diabetea tea™ (dt) is an anti-diabetic alternative medicine in some asian countries. the main constituent of dt is black tea originating from camellia sinensis that is supplemented by 12 other medicinal plants. black tea contains a large amount of the flavonoids catechins especially epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacity. this study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of dt intake on inflammatory cytokines, regulatory t cells (tregs) an ...201627989874
effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract and pre-freezing equilibration time on the post-thawing quality of ram semen cryopreserved in a soybean lecithin-based extender.the aim of this study was to determine the effect of camellia sinensis extract as antioxidant supplement and pre-freezing equilibration times in a soybean lecithin extender for freezing ram semen. in this study, a total of 20 ejaculates were collected from four ghezel rams and diluted with extenders (1.5% soybean lecithin, 7% glycerol) containing no supplements (control) and camellia sinensis extract (5, 10, and 15 mg/l) and cryopreserved, immediately after thermal equilibrium was reached at 5 ° ...201627983946
amelioration of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) induced renal toxicity by camellia sinensis in wistar rats.a study to assess the toxic effects of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-hch) (lindane) and ameliorative effects of camellia sinensis on renal system has been carried out in male wistar rats.201627956790
mechanisms of body weight reduction by black tea polyphenols.obesity is one of the most common nutritional diseases worldwide. this disease causes health problems, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and inflammation. there are drugs used to inhibit obesity. however, they have serious side effects outweighing their beneficial effects. black tea, commonly referred to as "fermented tea", has shown a positive effect on reducing body weight in animal models. black tea polyphenols are the major components in black tea which reduce body weight. bl ...201627941615
characteristics of nh4(+) and no3(-) fluxes in tea (camellia sinensis) roots measured by scanning ion-selective electrode technique.as a vital beverage crop, tea has been extensively planted in tropical and subtropical regions. nitrogen (n) levels and forms are closely related to tea quality. based on different n levels and forms, we studied changes in no3(-) and nh4(+) fluxes in tea roots utilizing scanning ion-selective electrode technique. our results showed that under both single and mixed n forms, influx rates of no3(-) were much lower than those of nh4(+), suggesting a preference for nh4(+) in tea. with the increase in ...201627918495
the antiproliferative effect of chakasaponins i and ii, floratheasaponin a, and epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate isolated from camellia sinensis on human digestive tract carcinoma cell lines.acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, namely chakasaponins i (1) and ii (2), floratheasaponin a (3), and their analogs, together with catechins-including (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate (4), flavonoids, and caffeine-have been isolated as characteristic functional constituents from the extracts of "tea flower", the flower buds of camellia sinensis (theaceae), which have common components with that of the leaf part. these isolates exhibited antiproliferative activities against human digesti ...201627898032
transcriptome-based analysis of dof family transcription factors and their responses to abiotic stress in tea plant (camellia sinensis).tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) is affected by abiotic stress during its growth and development. dna-binding with one finger (dof) transcription factors (tfs) play important roles in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. in this study, a total of 29 putative dof tfs were identified based on transcriptome of tea plant, and the conserved domains and common motifs of these csdof tfs were predicted and analyzed. the 29 csdof proteins were divided into 7 groups (a, b1, b2, c1, c2.1, c2.2, ...201627872842
design, development, and characterization of lipid nanocarriers-based epigallocatechin gallate delivery system for preventive and therapeutic supplementation.green tea is manufactured from the leaves of camellia sinensis and has been shown to possess, among other properties, anticancer, antiobesity, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. the beneficial effects of green tea are related to the activities of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg). this catechin is very unstable, undergoing degradation and epimerization, which is responsible for the loss of its health benefits. encapsulation in nanoparticles (nps) is an eff ...201627826184
the modulatory effect of infusions of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea on gut microbiota in high-fat-induced obese mice.tea consumption has been identified to have an anti-obesity effect. whether it is associated with gut microbiota modulation is investigated in this study. phenolic profiles of infusions of green tea, oolong tea and black tea were comprehensively compared first, by utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc-esi-q-tofms). subsequently, high-fat-diet induced obese c57bl/6j mice were orally administered these three type ...201627812583
tea, coffee, and caffeinated beverage consumption and risk of epithelial ovarian cancers.the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer associated with the consumption of caffeinated beverages (tea, coffee, and soft drinks) and green tea is inconclusive. however, few studies have investigated the type of caffeinated beverage or the type of tea.201627810483
tea polysaccharides and their bioactivities.tea (camellia sinensis) is a beverage beneficial to health and is also a source for extracting bioactive components such as theanine, tea polyphenols (tpp) and tea polysaccharides (tps). tps is a group of heteropolysaccharides bound with proteins. there is evidence showing that tps not only improves immunity but also has various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antihyperglycemia, and anti-inflammation. however, inconsistent results concerning chemical composition and bioactivity of ...201627809221
expression profile analysis of ascorbic acid-related genes in response to temperature stress in the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze.ascorbic acid (asa), also known as ascorbate or vitamin c, is a natural organic compound in green plants that has antioxidant properties, and is an essential nutrient for humans. the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze, is an important global economic crop. here, the expression profiles of genes related to asa biosynthesis and recycling were analyzed in tea plants in response to temperature stress. eighteen genes involved in asa biosynthesis and recycling pathways were identified based o ...201627808374
levels of trace elements in black teas commercialized in saudi arabia using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.the present work has been demonstrated a developed method for the determination of mn, fe, co, ni, cu, zn, mo, cd, as, cr, pb, and v in different types of black teas collected from saudi arabia market using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). each sample represents a well-mixed combination of ten packets from the same type collected from the market. detection limits in ng g(-1) were 76.06, 166.03, 5.94, 2.94, 18.29, 18.29, 9.00, 0.48, 0.48, 7.67, 3.07, and 4.21 for mn, fe, co, ...201627166629
transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of the nac gene family in tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze].in plants, the nac (nam-ataf1/2-cuc) family of proteins constitutes several transcription factors and plays vital roles in diverse biological processes, such as growth, development, and adaption to adverse factors. tea, as a non-alcoholic drink, is known for its bioactive ingredients and health efficacy. currently, knowledge about nac gene family in tea plant remains very limited. in this study, a total of 45 csnac genes encoding nac proteins including three membrane-bound members were identifie ...201627855193
black tea increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and improves flow mediated dilatation counteracting deleterious effects from a fat load in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled study.(1) background: endothelial dysfunction predicts cardiovascular events. circulating angiogenic cells (cacs) maintain and repair the endothelium regulating its function. tea flavonoids reduce cardiovascular risk. we investigated the effects of black tea on the number of cacs and on flow-mediated dilation (fmd) before and after an oral fat in hypertensives; (2) methods: in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, 19 patients were assigned to black tea (150 mg polyphenols) or a pla ...201627854314
comparative transcriptome analysis of chinary, assamica and cambod tea (camellia sinensis) types during development and seasonal variation using rna-seq technology.tea quality and yield is influenced by various factors including developmental tissue, seasonal variation and cultivar type. here, the molecular basis of these factors was investigated in three tea cultivars namely, him sphurti (h), tv23 (t), and upasi-9 (u) using rna-seq. seasonal variation in these cultivars was studied during active (a), mid-dormant (md), dormant (d) and mid-active (ma) stages in two developmental tissues viz. young and old leaf. development appears to affect gene expression ...201627853259
cytochrome p450 2a6 phenotyping using dietary caffeine salivary metabolite ratios and genotyping using blood on storage cards in non-smoking japanese volunteers.a simple method of genotyping and phenotyping cytochrome p450 2a6 (cyp2a6) was previously reported using individual blood samples and urinary caffeine metabolite ratios of 1,7-dimethyluric acid (17u) to 1-methylxanthine (1x).201627842485
the identification and evaluation of two different color variations of tea.the tea plant, camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntz, is a perennial woody plant widely cultivated for the production of a popular non-alcoholic beverage. to rapidly identify and evaluate two different color tea varieties (yellowish and purplish), the main phenotypic traits and quality components were tested in the present study. the metabolic profiles of tea shoots and leaves were also analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.201627407065
white tea intake prevents prediabetes-induced metabolic dysfunctions in testis and epididymis preserving sperm quality.prediabetes has been associated with alterations in male reproductive tract, especially in testis and epididymis. moreover, in vitro studies described a promising action of tea (camellia sinensis l.) against metabolic dysfunctions. herein, we hypothesized that white tea (wtea) ingestion by prediabetic animals could ameliorate the metabolic alterations induced by the disease in testicular and epididymal tissues, preserving sperm quality. wtea infusion was prepared and its phytochemical profile wa ...201627637002
gene expression profile indicates involvement of no in camellia sinensis pollen tube growth at low temperature.nitric oxide (no) functions as a critical signaling molecule in the low-temperature stress responses in plants, including polarized pollen tube growth in camellia sinensis. despite this, the potential mechanisms underlying the participation of no in pollen tube responses to low temperature remain unclear. here, we investigate alterations to gene expression in c. sinensis pollen tubes exposed to low-temperature stress and no using rna-seq technology, in order to find the potential candidate genes ...201627756219
antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms.the consumption of tea (camellia sinensis) has been correlated with a low incidence of chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, in which oxidative stress plays a critical role. tea catechins and theaflavins are, respectively, the bioactive phytochemicals responsible for the antioxidant activity of green tea (gt) and black tea (bt). in addition to their redox properties, tea catechins and theaflavins could have also pharmacological activities, such as the ability to lower g ...201627747873
the consumption of coffee and black tea and the risk of lung cancer.coffee and black tea are among the most consumed beverages worldwide. although their potential role in lung cancer occurrence has been investigated in several studies, results have been inconclusive. we investigated the associations between intake of coffee and black tea with lung cancer in a population-based case-control study in montreal, canada.201627743642
concomitant ingestion of lactic acid bacteria and black tea synergistically enhances flavonoid bioavailability and attenuates d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in mice via modulating glutathione antioxidant system.black tea (bt) has been positively linked to improved redox status, while its efficacy is limited due to the low bioavailability of bt flavonoids. in addition to the direct antioxidant activity, flavonoids regulate redox balance via inducing endogenous antioxidants, particularly glutathione (gsh) and gsh-dependent antioxidant enzymes. this work first examined the effect of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and bt alone or in combination on flavonoid bioavailability and metabolism; next, the effect of l ...201627736731
analysis of the influence of food colorings in esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.the purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the color changes of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of different shades when exposed to four food colorings commonly found in the diet of patients.201627733878
color stability of composites after short-term oral simulation: an in vitro study.although most of the studies investigated color stability of different restorative materials, evaluation of color stability of composites after immersion in multiple beverages in the same day by an in vitro oral simulation study is unclear.201627733871
simultaneous determination of black tea-derived catechins and theaflavins in tissues of tea consuming animals using ultra-performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.the bioavailability, tissue distribution and metabolic fate of the major tea polyphenols, catechins and theaflavins as well as their gallated derivatives are yet to be precisely elucidated on a single identification platform for assessment of their relative bioefficacy in vivo. this is primarily due to the lack of suitable analytical tools for their simultaneous determination especially in an in vivo setting, which continues to constrain the evaluation of their relative health beneficiary potent ...201627695123
neuroprotective effects of theaflavins against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in pc12 cells.oxidative stress can induce neuronal apoptosis via the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. this process is as a major pathogenic mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders. in this study, we aimed to clarify whether theaflavins protect pc12 cells from oxidative stress damage induced by h2o2. a cell model of pc12 cells undergoing oxidative stress was created by exposing cells to 200 μm h2o2 in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of theaflavins (5, 10, and 20 μm). cell viab ...201627686660
in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of isolated fractions from water extract of qingzhuan dark tea.natural products have being used as potential inhibitors against carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes to treat diabetes mellitus. chinese dark tea has various interesting bioactivities. in this study, the active compounds from qingzhuan dark tea were separated and their anti-diabetic activity was examined using an in vitro enzymatic model.201627681250
layer-by-layer thin film of iron phthalocyanine as a simple and fast sensor for polyphenol determination in tea samples.polyphenols have attracted attention due to their antioxidant capacity and beneficial effects to health. therefore, fast, inexpensive, and efficient methods to discriminate and to quantify polyphenols are of interest for food industry. in this paper, layer-by-layer films of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and iron tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine were employed as sensor for determination of polyphenols in green tea (camellia sinensis), and green and roasted mate teas (ilex paraguariensis). the poly ...201627636549
analysis of theanine in tea (camellia sinensis) dietary ingredients and supplements by high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization: single-laboratory validation, first action 2016.10.an hplc method with postcolumn derivatization was developed and validated for the determination of theanine content in tea dietary ingredients and supplements. a variety of common commercially available supplement forms such as powders, liquid tinctures, tablets, softgels, and gelcaps, as well as three national institute of standards and technology camellia sinensis standard reference materials were investigated in the study. a simple extraction procedure using citrate buffer at ph 2.2 allowed f ...201627633949
phenotypic, histological and proteomic analyses reveal multiple differences associated with chloroplast development in yellow and variegated variants from camellia sinensis.leaf colour variation is observed in several plants. we obtained two types of branches with yellow and variegated leaves from camellia sinensis. to reveal the mechanisms that underlie the leaf colour variations, combined morphological, histological, ionomic and proteomic analyses were performed using leaves from abnormal branches (variants) and normal branches (cks). the measurement of the cie-lab coordinates showed that the brightness and yellowness of the variants were more intense than the ck ...201627633059
brassinosteroids improve quality of summer tea (camellia sinensis l.) by balancing biosynthesis of polyphenols and amino acids.summer grown green tea is less popular due to bitterness and high astringency, which are attributed to high levels of tea polyphenols (tp) and low levels of amino acids (aa) in tea leaves (camellia sinensis l.). brassinosteroids (brs), a group of steroidal plant hormones can regulate primary and secondary metabolism in a range of plant species under both normal and stress conditions. however, specific effects of brs on the photosynthesis of tea plants and the quality of summer green tea are larg ...201627625668
insights into the genetic relationships and breeding patterns of the african tea germplasm based on nssr markers and cpdna sequences.africa is one of the key centers of global tea production. understanding the genetic diversity and relationships of cultivars of african tea is important for future targeted breeding efforts for new crop cultivars, specialty tea processing, and to guide germplasm conservation efforts. despite the economic importance of tea in africa, no research work has been done so far on its genetic diversity at a continental scale. twenty-three nssrs and three plastid dna regions were used to investigate the ...201627625655
a literature review of flavonoids and lifespan in model organisms.epidemiological data on consumption of flavonoid-containing food points to the notion that some of these secondary plant metabolites may favour healthy ageing. the aim of the present paper was to review the literature on lifespan extension by flavonoids in worms, flies and mice. in most studies, worms and flies experienced lifespan extension when supplemented with flavonoids either as extracts or single compounds. studies with mutant worms and flies give hints as to which gene products may be re ...201627609098
biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal different metabolite biosynthesis profiles among three color and developmental stages in 'anji baicha' (camellia sinensis).the new shoots of the albino tea cultivar 'anji baicha' are yellow or white at low temperatures and turn green as the environmental temperatures increase during the early spring. 'anji baicha' metabolite profiles exhibit considerable variability over three color and developmental stages, especially regarding the carotenoid, chlorophyll, and theanine concentrations. previous studies focused on physiological characteristics, gene expression differences, and variations in metabolite abundances in a ...201627609021
effect of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract and pre-freezing equilibration time on the post-thawing quality of ram semen cryopreserved in a soybean lecithin-based extender.the aim of this study was to determine the effect of camellia sinensis extract as antioxidant supplement and pre-freezing equilibration times in a soybean lecithin extender for freezing ram semen. in this study, a total of 20 ejaculates were collected from four ghezel rams and diluted with extenders (1.5% soybean lecithin, 7% glycerol) containing no supplements (control) and camellia sinensis extract (5, 10, and 15 mg/l) and cryopreserved, immediately after thermal equilibrium was reached at 5 ° ...201628314435
natural products of relevance in the prevention and supportive treatment of depression.the use of herbs or their parts: leaves, roots, rhizomes, flowers, seeds, natural strains, as well as extracts or isolated metabolites is becoming more and more popular. natural remedies not only act prophylactically, but also help to alleviate symptoms of many diseases and enhance the overall functioning of the internal organs. many raw materials of natural origin plays a role in treatment of health problems, and also in case of serious diseases such as depression. depression (affective disorde ...201626276913
in vitro chemopreventive properties of green tea, rooibos and honeybush extracts in skin cells.the chemopreventive properties of the herbal teas rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia spp.) have been demonstrated on mouse skin in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. the aim of the current study was to determine the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of rooibos and two cyclopia species in different skin cells, using green tea (camellia sinensis) as a benchmark. extracts were also characterised for their major individua ...201627897996
the potential role of polyphenols in the modulation of skin cell viability by aspalathus linearis and cyclopia spp. herbal tea extracts in vitro.the relationship between polyphenol constituents, antioxidant properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of green tea (camellia sinensis), the herbal teas, rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia spp.), against skin cell viability was investigated in vitro.201627671741
anti-inflammatory effects of aspalathus linearis and cyclopia spp. extracts in a uvb/keratinocyte (hacat) model utilising interleukin-1α accumulation as biomarker.ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation is one of the major predisposing risk factors of skin cancer. the anticancer and photoprotective effects of unoxidized rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia) herbal teas, containing high levels of dihydrochalones and xanthones, respectively, have been demonstrated in skin cancer models in vivo. in the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of these herbal teas were investigated in a uvb/hacat keratinocyte model ...201627706097
use of plant extracts for tea pest management in india.india is the second largest producer of black tea in the world. the biggest challenge for tea growers of india nowadays is to combat pests and diseases. tea crop in india is infested by not less than 720 insect and mite species. at least four sucking pests and six chewing pests have well established themselves as regular pests causing substantial damage to this foliage crop. various synthetic pesticides are widely used for the management of tea pests in india. applications of such large quantity ...201627102124
influence of enamel thickness on bleaching efficacy: an in-depth color analysis.this study evaluated the influence of different enamel thicknesses and bleaching agents on treatment efficacy in-depth by spectrophotometry color analysis. eighty bovine dental fragments were previously stained in black tea solution and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), 1.75mm dentin thickness and different enamel thicknesses as follows: 0.5mm, 1.0mm planned, 1.0mm unplanned (aprismatic enamel), and absence of enamel. the 10% carbamide peroxide (cp) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (hp) bleac ...201627708725
extraction efficiency of different solvents and lc-uv determination of biogenic amines in tea leaves and infusions.biogenic amines (bas), that is, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, and serotonin, have been determined in several samples of tea leaves, tea infusions, and tea drinks by lc-uv method after derivatization with dansyl chloride. different extraction solvents have been tested and tca 5% showed better analytical performances in terms of linearity, recovery percentages, lod, loq, and repeatability than hcl 0.1 m and hclo4 0.1 m and was finally exploi ...201627555979
safety and anti-hyperglycemic efficacy of various tea types in mice.tea, a beverage consumed worldwide, has proven anti-hyperglycemic effects in animal models. better efficacies of tea beverages are frequently associated with high-dose levels, whose safety attracts considerable attention. based on the inherent nature of tea catechin oxidation, fresh tea leaves are manufactured into diverse tea types by modulating the oxidation degree of catechins. the present study aimed to assess various tea types for their safety properties and anti-hyperglycemic effects. mice ...201627531374
targeting microrna in cancer using plant-based proanthocyanidins.proanthocyanidins are oligomeric flavonoids found in plant sources, most notably in apples, cinnamon, grape skin and cocoa beans. they have been also found in substantial amounts in cranberry, black currant, green tea, black tea and peanut skins. these compounds have been recently investigated for their health benefits. proanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to have positive effects on various metabolic disorders such as inflammation, obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance. another upcoming ...201628933401
potential of food and natural products to promote endothelial and vascular health.endothelial dysfunction is now well established as a pivotal early event in the development of major cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. the alteration of the endothelial function is often triggered by an imbalance between the endothelial formation of vasoprotective factors including nitric oxide (no) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, and an increased level of oxidative stress involving several prooxidant enzymes such as nadph oxidase and, of ...201626974893
inhibitory effect of camellia sinensis, ilex paraguariensis and ardisia compressa tea extracts on the proliferation of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells.in vitro cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis were investigated, using three human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) cell lines (oscc-3, scc-61, and sq-20b). aqueous extracts of camellia sinensis, ilex paraguariensis, and ardisia compressa were tested and (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) was used for comparison. for egcg the ic50 values were between 80 and 166 μm and for the extracts among 75 and 505 μm eq. (+) catechin, with c. sinensis demonstrating ...201628959547
isolation of eugenyl β-primeveroside from camellia sasanqua and its anticancer activity in pc3 prostate cancer cells.most studies of tea trees have focused on their ornamental properties, there are fewer published studies on their medical values. the purpose of this study was to compare the chemical constituents and the biological potential of the water extract of leaves in eight species of camellia including camellia sinensis. among eight camellia species, camellia sasanqua showed potent anticancer activities in prostate cancer pc3 cells. in addition to catechins, the major component, eugenyl β-primeveroside ...201628911392
simultaneous determination of procymidone, pyridaben and beta-cypermethrin residues in tea solution by gc-ecd.a sensitive and effective method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of procymidone, pyridaben and beta-cypermethrin residues in tea solutions was developed and validated using a gas chromatograph (gc) equipped with an electron capture detector (ecd). the analysis of the three pesticides in tea solutions involved extraction with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (3:1, v/v), cleanup using a florisil solid-phase extraction cartridge and subsequent determination by gc-ecd. recovery studies ...201622689906
dynamic ultrasound-assisted extraction of catechins and caffeine in some tea samples.a novel dynamic ultrasound-assisted extraction (duae) device has been constructed for extraction of five catechins and caffeine in solid sample. the accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the determination of five catechins and caffeine has been developed and validated. a comparison has been made of the efficiencies by employing duae and conventionally static ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae). the proposed method can not only improve extraction efficiency but also decrease ti ...201617696011
influence of milk on the antimutagenic potential of green and black teas.the objective of this study was to evaluate whether addition of milk to green, black and decaffeinated black teas alters their antimutagenic activity.201614666689
effect of dental pigmentation intensity on the transenamel and transdentinal penetration of hydrogen peroxide.abastract this study aimed to evaluate the transenamel and transdentinal penetration of hydrogen peroxide (h202) applied to bovine teeth pigmented with black tea at different intensities. the following groups were formed dw: immersion in distilled water; bt100: immersion in an infusion of 1.6 g of black tea per 100 ml distilled water; bt10: immersion in an infusion of 1.6 g black tea per 10 ml distilled water. all groups were immersed for 6 days. to quantify the penetration of h202, the specimen ...201727652700
sclereids are strong enough to support the delicate corollas: experimental and computational data evidence from camellia sinensis (l.).sclereids are a fundamental cell type that widely exist in higher plants and are generally thought to have a mechanical function. however, the occurrence of sclereids in the ephemeral corolla has rarely been documented and their biological significance is poorly understood. in this study, flower buds from camellia sinensis at various ontogenetic stages were sampled, cleared, sectioned, stained, and examined using light microscopy to ascertain the morphology and distribution of sclereids and thei ...201728252101
transition rates of selected metals determined in various types of teas (camellia sinensis l. kuntze) and herbal/fruit infusions.teas and raw materials used as ingredients of herbal and fruit infusions (hfi) were analysed by means of icp-ms for their content of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and mercury in the dry product and in the infusion. samples of tea (camellia sinensis l. kuntze) were selected to include different origins, types (black, green), leaf grades (whole leaf, broken, fannings, dust) and manufacturing techniques (orthodox, "crush, tear, curl"). the selected hfi raw materials (chamomile, elderber ...201727542446
draft genome sequence of endophytic herbaspirillum sp. strain wt00c, a tea plant growth-promoting bacterium.endophytic herbaspirillum sp. strain wt00c was isolated from tea plant (camellia sinensis l.). here, we report the 6.08 mb draft genome sequence of this strain, providing bioinformation about its agronomic benefits and capability to reduce selenate/selenite into red elemental selenium.201728302787
alcohol induced hepato cardiotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats: the protective effect of n-butanol extract of green tea (camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze).the principal aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative effects of acute alcohol consumption on the functions of the heart and the liver and the possible modification of this effect by phenolic compounds from n-butanol extract of camellia sinensis supplementation.201728294073
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