Publications

effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with listeria.	specific pathogen-free guinea pigs were maintained for 3 weeks on purified diets containing 30% protein (ovalbumin) and 50 ppm added zinc (control-c), 10% protein and 50 ppm added zinc (low protein-lp), or 30% protein and no added zinc (low zinc-lz). half of the animals in each diet group were vaccinated intraperitoneally with 2.5 x 10(3) viable listeria monocytogenes organisms after 8 days of diet treatment. ten days later, all animals received an aerosol challenge of 250 l. monocytogenes organ ...	1988	3173238
the comparative in-vitro activity of ofloxacin.	the antibacterial activity of ofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against a wide range of clinical bacterial isolates and compared with that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics). ofloxacin was very active against nalidixic acid-susceptible isolates of the enterobacteriaceae (mic less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l) and was also active against strains resistant to nalidixic acid (mic less than o ...	1988	3182468
[observations on neonatal infection].	among 829 consecutively treated neonatal intensive care patients during the years 1985 and 1986 46 cases of early onset type an 14 cases of late onset type (beyond the 4th day of life) of sepsis neonatorum were diagnosed. mortality was 20%. in 40% of the cultures penicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis was found. it was resistant to penicillin however fully sensitive to cefamandol, netilmycine and amicacine. primary therapy of early onset type of sepsis has to be effective against strept ...	1988	3186265
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a patient with aids-related complex.		1988	3198945
reduced in vivo nonspecific resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection during avian retrovirus-induced immunosuppression.	ten-day-old chickens infected with an avian osteopetrosis virus [mav-2(o)] were more susceptible to challenge with listeria monocytogenes than virus-free chickens, as demonstrated by reduced bacterial clearance from their spleens. reduced clearance of l. monocytogenes was observed throughout a 26-day period after mav-2(o) infection.	1988	3202762
[listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis of the knee].		1988	3206167
[the antibacterial effect of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin in vitro].	mics of ciprofloxacin (cip), ofloxacin (ofl) and norfloxacin (nor) were assessed with a total of 523 strains of 7 species (spp) of enterobacteriaceae, various pseudomonads, methicillin-susceptible and -resistant s. aureus, l. monocytogenes, legionella species and c. difficile. in addition, the mbcs were assessed with s. aureus and e. coli. with break-points of less than or equal to 0.5 and greater than or equal to 4 mg/l all strains of e. coli, k. oxytoca, p. mirabilis and indole-positive proteu ...	1988	3223134
protection of mice against bacterial infection by oral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	the effect of orally administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) on host resistance against bacterial infections was studied. lps orally given for 5 consecutive days prior to infection caused no apparent toxic effect and protected mice against pseudomonas aeruginosa and listeria monocytogenes infections.	1988	3237123
comparative in vitro activities of new 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolides.	the in vitro activities of several 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides were compared with that of erythromycin. in general, 14-membered macrolides such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, and flurithromycin were more active against streptococci and bordetella pertussis than was the 15-membered macrolide azithromycin, which was more active than 16-membered macrolides such as miocamycin and rokitamycin. clarithromycin was the most active compound against streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci, listeria ...	1988	3252753
production of colony-stimulating factors (csfs) during infection: separate determinations of macrophage-, granulocyte-, granulocyte-macrophage-, and multi-csfs.	after infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes, elevated levels of colony-stimulating factors (csfs) in the serum were quantitated by six different assays: ability to stimulate colony formation, the proliferation of 2 suspension of bone marrow cells (both measuring total colony-stimulating activity), a radioimmunoassay for macrophage-csf (csf-1), the wehi-3b differentiation assay for granulocyte-csf, and proliferation of 32d-c1-3 and fdc-p1 cell lines (specific for multi-csf and either mult ...	1988	3257205
growth of legionella pneumophila in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from a/j mice.	legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium which readily grows in cultures of guinea pig and human mononuclear phagocytes. in this report, we demonstrate that the legionella sp. also grows in thioglycolate-elicited macrophages obtained from a/j mice but not in cells from other mouse strains tested, such as bdf1, dba/2, c3h/hen, c57bl/6, and balb/c. growth of listeria monocytogenes and interleukin-1 production in a/j mice were similar to their growth and production in other s ...	1988	3257460
oral trimethoprim as follow-up treatment of meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes.	successful treatment of meningitis and septicemia caused by listeria monocytogenes with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has previously been reported. this case report of a 13-year-old boy with meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes documents complete cure with 6 days of intravenously administered trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole followed by orally administered trimethoprim as monotherapy.	1988	3258438
protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes in neonatally thymectomized (ntx) mice: involvement of t cells distinct from those in sham-thymectomized mice.	neonatally thymectomized (ntx) mice, whose ability to mount antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity is reported to be generally defective, were found to be capable of mounting a normal level of acquired cellular resistance (acr) and delayed footpad reaction (dfr) to listeria monocytogenes. the present study was done in order to determine the functional differences of t cells contributing to the protection against l. monocytogenes between ntx and sham-operated mice. in mice immunized with viable ...	1988	3259205
acute starvation in mice reduces the number of t cells and suppresses the development of t-cell-mediated immunity.	experiments were performed to determine the effect of starvation on t-cell mediated host defences. in mice starved for 72 hr, the number of thymocytes fell by 98%, spleen cells by 82% and peripheral blood cells by 44%. by 7 days after the end of starvation, values had returned to within 50% of baseline. the percentage of l3t4 and lyt-2 antigen-bearing cells fell in the thymus, but the percentage of thy-1.2-positive cells did not change. starvation decreased the percentage of lymphocytes in perip ...	1988	3259207
[treatment of listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis with cotrimoxazole in monotherapy].	l. monocytogenes meningo-encephalitis are still a therapeutic problem, with most of the time a poor prognosis. in vitro, cotrimoxazole has about the same bactericidal activity as the ampicillin-aminoglycoside combination. so we treated 8 patients with l. m. meningoencephalitis with cotrimoxazole alone, with a mean duration of treatment of 13 days. all patients recovered without sequellae from their infectious episode.	1988	3259325
bmy-28100, a new oral cephalosporin: antimicrobial activity against nearly 7,000 recent clinical isolates, comparative potency with other oral agents, and activity against beta-lactamase producing isolates.	the antimicrobial activity of bmy-28100 was tested against approximately 7,000 bacterial pathogens in a multicenter, multiphased collaborative investigation. the bmy-28100 spectrum and antimicrobial potency was most similar to that of cefaclor and superior to that of cephalexin among currently available cephalosporins. species that had greater than or equal to 90% of clinical strains inhibited by bmy-28100 (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml) were: citrobacter diversus, escherichia coli, kl ...	1988	3259489
the influence of ciprofloxacin treatment in vivo on cell-mediated immunity to listeria monocytogenes.	the intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of ciprofloxacin in very high doses (2 x 1 mg/d up to 2 x 2 mg/d) can reduce the bacterial load of mice experimentally infected with the intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes. the t-cell response generated during the treated infection is affected in much the same way as it is during antibiotic treatment with ampicillin, i.e. the protective immunity established directly correlates with the number of bacteria present during an extended p ...	1988	3260706
macrophage production during murine listeriosis: colony-stimulating factor 1 (csf-1) and csf-1-binding cells in genetically resistant and susceptible mice.	the concentration of the macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (csf-1) and the numbers of bone marrow and spleen cells with specific receptors for that factor have been investigated in a number of mouse strains under normal conditions and after infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the csf-1 concentration in serum and tissue was markedly elevated in infected mice, the degree of stimulation reflecting the dose of l. monocytogenes. the csf-1 titer d ...	1988	3262588
recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha enhances anti-listeria resistance in both genetically resistant and susceptible strains of mice.	in this study we show that recombinant human il-1 alpha (rhil-1 alpha) protects both genetically resistant and susceptible strains of mice against listeria monocytogenes infection. similar levels of protection were observed in all strains tested. these data suggest that innate susceptibility to an infectious agent may not abrogate the ability of rhil-1 alpha to enhance antibacterial resistance.	1988	3263318
inhibition of expression of cell-mediated immunity by a cell surface-binding antibody directed against t-cell helper factors.	in this study, the effects of a monoclonal antibody, af3.44.4, which is directed against antigen-specific, t-cell-derived helper factors, were investigated in two models of t-cell-macrophage co-operation. in vitro, cultures of nylon-wool-enriched peritoneal cells from mice immune to listeria monocytogenes (t cells), macrophages from normal mice and listeria antigen produced an activity mitogenic for mouse thymocytes (tmf). when af3.44.4 was added to such cultures, the production of this activity ...	1988	3263944
protective effect of a traditional chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (japanese name: shosaiko-to), on listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.	lethal effect of listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) in mice was prevented by an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of a traditional chinese herbal medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (japanese name: shosaiko-to), 4 days before ip bacterial infection. the numbers of bacteria in the peritoneal cavity and liver were smaller in shosaiko-to-treated mice from one day after the infection. macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity after ip inoculation of l. monocytogenes was observed in both untreated ...	1988	3264299
kinetics of interleukin-1 production by macrophages during infection with listeria monocytogenes.	production of interleukin-1 (il-1) by peritoneal macrophages from mice inoculated intravenously with listeria monocytogenes was measured at increasing intervals of infection. il-1 activity in the 24 h macrophage supernatants was determined by using the thymocyte pha co-mitogenesis assay. il-1 production increased as the infection progressed, reached a peak on the 9th or 10th day and then declined progressively to approach normal values by the 20th day. our data on the kinetics of il-1 levels dur ...	1988	3266201
specific defects in the anti-listerial immune response in discrete regions of the murine uterus and placenta account for susceptibility to infection.	infection of the murine uteroplacental region by the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes results in uncontrolled local bacterial growth. in this paper we examined infected and noninfected uteroplacental tissues by immunocytochemistry to delineate the nature of the aberrant anti-listerial response. overall the data support the hypothesis that local immunoregulation, which ordinarily prevents maternal anti-fetal, responses also prevents an effective anti-listerial response at the materna ...	1988	3286765
erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis: microbiologic, epidemiologic, and clinical features of an occupational disease.	ninety percent of the 49 reported cases of serious erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection have been episodes of presumed or proved endocarditis. e. rhusiopathiae endocarditis correlates highly with occupation (farming, animal exposure), affects more males than females, exhibits a peculiar aortic valve tropism, displays a characteristic erysipeloid cutaneous lesion (in 40% of cases), and is associated with significant mortality (overall rate, 38%). comparison with other unusual gram-positive rods ...	1988	3287562
[effect of propionibacterium granulosum kp-45 on the resistance to listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium infections].	killed bacterial cells of propionibacterium granulosum kp-45 were found to be potent modifiers of non-specific resistance of mice against infection with either listeria monocytogenes or salmonella typhimurium. injection of p. granulosum 7 days prior to infection resulted in marked splenomegaly. disseminated acute inflammatory foci were found histologically in the liver. these mice were apparently less susceptible to infection, since definitely lower bacterial counts were determined. simultaneous ...	1988	3287804
characterization of the pattern of inflammatory cell influx and cytokine production during the murine host response to listeria monocytogenes.	to examine the physiologic mechanisms responsible for enhanced antibacterial activity during infection with listeria monocytogenes (lm), we developed an in vitro assay for quantifying leukocyte anti-listerial activity (laa) in spleen and bone marrow. when laa was serially measured in c57b1/6 (b6) mice infected i.v. with lm, two distinct phases of response were observed. splenic laa increased four- to fivefold during the first 2 days after i.v. infusion of lm (from 2.4 +/- 1.8 u/spleen before inf ...	1988	3290343
fatal endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes.	three fatal cases of listerial endocarditis were studied. the first case occurred in an apparently healthy 58-year-old man, who presented with symptoms of pneumonitis. the second case developed in a 75-year-old woman with adenocarcinoma of the lung and aortic stenosis. in the third patient, an 83-year-old woman, aortic valve vegetations with perforations were found at necropsy. a colonic adenocarcinoma was found in the first and third cases. ampicillin, alone or with an aminoglycoside, was the a ...	1988	3293164
validation of a role for endogenously produced ifn gamma in resolution of listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.		1988	3144157
effect of interferons on the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes.		1988	3144158
defective anti-listerial responses in deciduoma of pseudopregnant mice.	two different hormonal regimens to induce pseudopregnancy resulted in a pronounced increase in the susceptibility of the murine uterus to intraluminal injections of listeria monocytogenes. preimmunization, which profoundly augments systemic listeria resistance, had no effect on this increased uterine susceptibility. anti-listerial responses in other organs were unaffected by pseudopregnancy. animals manifesting increased susceptibility formed distinct uterine swellings in response to the combina ...	1988	3144175
bacterial hemolysins as virulence factors.		1988	3144241
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by using bacteriocin pa-1 produced by pediococcus acidilactici pac 1.0.	the bacteriocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici pac 1.0, previously designated pa-1 bacteriocin, was found to be inhibitory and bactericidal for listeria monocytogenes. a dried powder prepared from pac 1.0 culture supernatant fortified with 10% milk powder was found to contain bacteriocin activity. an mic against l. monocytogenes and lytic effects in broth cultures were determined. inhibition by pa-1 powder occurred over the ph range 5.5 to 7.0 and at both 4 and 32 degrees c. in addition, i ...	1988	3144243
growth of listeria monocytogenes at different ph values in uncultured whey or whey cultured with penicillium camemberti.	wheys from making camembert cheese were either uncultured or cultured with penicillium camemberti, adjusted to ph 5.0, 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, 6.2, and 6.8, and filter sterilized. whey samples were inoculated to contain 100 to 500 listeria monocytogenes (strains scott a, v7, ca, or oh) cfu/ml and incubated at 6 degrees c. counts of l. monocytogenes were obtained by surface plating appropriate dilutions on tryptose agar. listeria monocytogenes failed to grow at or below ph 5.4; except for strains scott a ...	1988	3144427
is listeriosis often a foodborne illness?		1988	3144571
neonatal listeriosis: experience in suffolk.	four cases of neonatal infection with listeria monocytogenes are reported. two of them resulted in neonatal death and two in long-term healthy survival. the literature on the subject is reviewed with particular reference to epidemiology, early recognition and treatment.	1988	3144572
listeria monocytogenes and its role in human infection.		1988	3144573
an in vitro model for toxoplasma infection in man. interaction between cd4+ monoclonal t cells and macrophages results in killing of trophozoites.	the cell interactions that take place between toxoplasma gondii trophozoites and the human immune system have been investigated by using an in vitro model of infection. pbmc were co-cultured with live, appropriately attenuated, trophozoites. when cells from immune (seropositive) donors were used, a proliferative response was observed. at the same time, the proliferating t cells proved capable of controlling the growth of live trophozoites. by contrast, cells from seronegative donors failed to mo ...	1988	3129496
cloned listeria monocytogenes specific non-mhc-restricted lyt-2+ t cells with cytolytic and protective activity.	mice were infected with listeria monocytogenes and lyt-2+ t cell clones capable of lysing ag-primed bone marrow macrophages were established. in accordance with earlier findings obtained at the population level, some t cell clones were identified which lysed bone marrow macrophages of different mhc type provided the relevant ag was present. this unusual target cell recognition was further analyzed using a t3+, l3t4-, lyt-2+, f23+, kj16+ t cell clone, designated l-28. target cell lysis by this cl ...	1988	3129513
antigen-specific production of colony-stimulating factors by listeria monocytogenes-immune, l3t4-positive cells.	we investigated production of colony-stimulating factors by listeria monocytogenes-immune spleen cells. levels of total colony-stimulating factors in supernatants from antigen-stimulated immune cells were increased two- to fourfold over those in supernatants from nonimmune cells. immune supernatants primarily induced formation of granulocyte colonies, whereas nonimmune supernatants induced formation of macrophage colonies. immune supernatants had two- to 10-fold higher levels of macrophage colon ...	1988	3129523
listeria encephalitis with intermittent symptoms and serological diagnosis.		1988	3129540
[listeria monocytogenes in food. a review].	listeriosis as a foodborne disease made european headlines in the autumn of 1987. some years earlier, the usa were alarmed by the presence of listeria monocytogenes in a large number of dairy products. following recent outbreaks, this paper deals with pathogenesis, isolation, epidemiology and distribution of listeria monocytogenes in food. its reactions in food (e.g. growth, survival, thermal inactivation) under various circumstances is described.	1988	3129821
[listeria mastitis in cattle].	cases of human infection caused by listeria and resulting from the consumption of dairy produce contaminated by listeria are referred to in the literature. a case of mastitis in cattle, caused by listeria monocytogenes type 1/2a, is reported. the result of treatment of the infected quarters with penicillin was not satisfactory so far. several cases of short-lived excretion of listeria bacteria in the milk and carriers not showing any symptoms are referred to in the literature, whereas cases of p ...	1988	3129822
[cardiotocography practice. case 15].		1988	3129884
proposed changes in interpretive criteria and potency of ampicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam disks for susceptibility tests.	the accuracy of disk susceptibility tests with ampicillin and ampicillin-sulbactam was not improved when the amount of ampicillin was increased from 10 to 20 or 30 micrograms per disk. for testing members of the family enterobacteriaceae, ampicillin disk tests correlated better with broth microdilution tests when the zone size standards were altered from greater than or equal to 14 greater than or equal to 17 mm for susceptible and from less than or equal to 11 to less than or equal to 13 mm for ...	1988	3130390
recurrence of listeria monocytogenes meningitis.	a case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a 3-year-old boy which relapsed after chloramphenicol treatment is described. the patient was subsequently successfully treated with ampicillin and gentamicin and made a complete recovery. in vitro studies confirmed the inadequacy of chloramphenicol therapy. the value of combination therapy, as evidenced by chessboard and killing-curve techniques with the strain, is discussed.	1988	3130425
[the present status of listeriosis--a review].		1988	3130834
in vivo-activated mononuclear phagocytes and protective immunity to chlamydiae in mice.	peritoneal macrophages (m phi s) collected from chlamydia psittaci 6bc-immune mice after intraperitoneal challenge with 10(6) 6bc (immune-boosted [ib] m phi s) were compared by various functional criteria with other in vivo- and in vitro-activated m phi populations. while casein-, protease peptone-, and thioglycolate (thio)-elicited m phi s were equally susceptible to in vitro infection with 6bc, ib m phi s did not support chlamydial growth and m phi s from mycobacterium tuberculosis bcg- or lis ...	1988	3131246
[listeriosis of the central nervous system in children beyond the neonatal period].	observations on three children with neurolisteriosis (one case of meningitis, two cases of meningoencephalitis, each serovar 4 b), show that even after the neonatal period, listeriosis must not be ignored in the process of diagnosis and therapy. it is the bacteriological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, together with the blood culture, and not clinical symptoms and serology that guarantee a timely diagnosis and therapy (ampicillin and gentamicin).	1988	3131787
susceptibility of listeria strains to imipenem, by species, serotype and origin.		1988	3132444
listeria monocytogenes chorioamnionitis and preterm labor.	two cases of listeria monocytogenes chorioamnionitis in association with preterm labor are presented. the pathogenicity and the recommended treatments of listeriosis in regard to the pregnancy outcomes of our patients are discussed.	1988	3132932
false-positive agglutinations with listeria monocytogenes using a commercial kit for lancefield grouping of beta-haemolytic streptococci.		1988	3134222
historical perspectives on methodology to detect listeria monocytogenes.	while recognized as a causative agent of illness in animals and humans for some time, the foodborne role of listeria monocytogenes is a new and emerging one. this review briefly summarizes the historical developments in methodology used to detect the presence of l. monocytogenes. although clinical procedures exist, these procedures do not consider isolation of listeria from heavily contaminated environments. federal agencies such as the u.s. food and drug administration and the u.s. department o ...	1988	3134334
direct plating technique for enumeration of listeria monocytogenes in foods.	the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques for detecting and enumerating listeria monocytogenes in foods are reviewed, and results from a study designed to compare 14 direct plating media for their suitability to recover uninjured cells of l. monocytogenes from 4 foods are summarized. mcbride listeria agar (mla), gum base nalidixic acid tryptone soy agar (gbntsa), modified despierres agar (mda), and modified mla (mmla) performed best for recovering all inoculum populations from milk ...	1988	3134335
listeria methods development research at the eastern regional research center, u.s. department of agriculture.	listeria methods research at the u.s. department of agriculture, eastern regional research center, has concentrated on 2 areas during the past year. the first was development of techniques for assessing isolation methods for their ability to detect sublethally stressed cells. it appears that a number of widely used media do not accurately detect listeria that have been injured by thermal processing or acidification. the second was development of improved plating media. one, modified vogel-johnso ...	1988	3134336
flow cytometry for automated analysis of milk containing listeria monocytogenes.	this paper describes the application of flow cytometry to the analysis of milk for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. a total of 939 raw milk samples from 54 farms were analyzed for the presence of l. monocytogenes by cold enrichment vs flow cytometry, which incorporated a selective enrichment step. analyzed samples consisted of milk from individual farm bulk tanks; string samples which represented milk from 25 to 40 cows; and combination samples representing milk from 200 cows. raw milk sa ...	1988	3134337
isolation and identification of listeria monocytogenes in dairy products.	after an outbreak of listeriosis in massachusetts in 1983, the ability of listeria monocytogenes to survive in raw and pasteurized milk was investigated. an enrichment broth (eb) containing acriflavine, nalidixic acid, and cycloheximide was used to eliminate overgrowth of the culture by competing organisms, and a modification of mcbride's agar (mma) was used as the isolation medium. the culture was incubated 24 h at 30 degrees c. to isolate listeria from soft cheese, the incubation period was le ...	1988	3134338
development of usda-fsis method for isolation of listeria monocytogenes from raw meat and poultry.	a method was developed specifically to detect naturally occurring listeria monocytogenes in meat because the traditional cold enrichment procedure was extremely slow and other procedures were ineffective. this method could identify beta-hemolytic listeria colonies in 3-4 days. the use of a 2-stage enrichment, highly selective lpm agar, and a thin-layer horse blood agar plate for the detection of beta-hemolytic listeria isolates are the important steps of this method. l. monocytogenes was recover ...	1988	3134339
evaluation of enrichment and plating media for isolating listeria monocytogenes.	we compared selective enrichment broths used by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) and the u.s. department of agriculture (usda), food safety and inspection service, for their efficiency in the quantitative recovery of listeria monocytogenes from a naturally contaminated brie cheese that was obtained as part of an epidemic investigation. quantitative recovery of listeria in fda broth (greater than 2.4 x 10(5) colony forming units/ml) was significantly better than recovery in usda broth ...	1988	3134340
identification and enumeration of beta-hemolytic listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated dairy products.	a dna probe was used to identify hemolytic listeria monocytogenes in naturally contaminated dairy products: unpasteurized milk, ricotta cheese, and imported semisoft cheeses. of 34 milk samples, 12 were suspected to contain hemolytic l. monocytogenes; 1 contained greater than 6000 viable organisms/g. the ricotta cheese, although temperature-abused, had a titer of 3.6 x 10(6) beta-hemolytic l. monocytogenes cells/g, whereas the semisoft cheeses reached a maximum of 5.6 x 10(6) cells/g. pure cultu ...	1988	3134341
industry perspectives on listeria monocytogenes.	industry concerns and our ongoing research on listeria are discussed in this report. topics include sampling for analysis; sanitizers and their use in manufacturing facilities; precautions on use of the fda method for listeria; use of the vitek gram positive identification card; and a brief discussion on findings of listeria in environmental samples taken from the same site at the same time of year in 1986 and 1987.	1988	3134342
anti-listeria monocytogenes immunity in mu-suppressed mice: a comparison of treatment with conventional hyperimmune rabbit anti-mouse igm and affinity-purified, monoclonal rat anti-mouse igm.	the capacity of anti-igm treated, b-cell-depleted mice to control infection by listeria monocytogenes was evaluated. suppression was achieved with a hyperimmune rabbit anti-mouse-igm antiserum (irs), with affinity-purified irs (irp), or with an affinity-purified, monoclonal, rat anti-mouse-igm antibody (lo-mm-9). b-cell depletion in specifically treated mice was judged to be complete by the following criteria: absence of significant response to a b-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide, absence of b-c ...	1988	3134601
microcalorimetric investigations on listeria.	sixty-one listeria strains--listeria monocytogenes (35 strains), listeria ivanovii (8), listeria innocua (7), listeria welshimeri (6) and listeria seeligeri (5)--were tested microcalorimetrically for their heat production upon growth in columbia broth. listeria ivanovii and listeria seeligeri displayed different and quite characteristic thermograms. listeria welshimeri, listeria innocua and all but one of the listeria monocytogenes strains showed similar microcalorimetric curves, which differed ...	1988	3134766
necrotizing ring ulcer of the cornea caused by exogenous listeria monocytogenes serotype iv b infection.		1988	3134816
the effects of allyl isovalerate on the hematopoietic and immunologic systems in rodents.	female b6c3f1 mice plus male and female fischer 344/n rats were gavaged with allyl isovalerate (aiv) in corn oil at 0, 31, 62, or 125 (mice) and 0, 31, 62, 125, or 250 (rats) mg/kg body weight for five daily exposures per week for a 2-week period. hematologic, immunologic, and histopathologic studies were performed 48 to 72 hr following the final treatment. aiv exposure had no effect on hematology or bone marrow cellularity in mice or rats. aiv exposure at 250 mg/kg was toxic to rats causing red ...	1988	3135219
synergistic effect of macrophage activation and immune serum, especially igg2, on resistance to infection with treponema pallidum ssp. endemicum in hamsters.	experimental studies have indicated that macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of syphilis. whether macrophages alone or with immune serum are ultimately responsible for killing of treponemes is disputed. we have demonstrated that bcg-vaccinated hamsters administered normal serum contained fewer treponemes in the inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes than did the nonvaccinated controls. when bcg-vaccinated hamsters were injected with syphilitic immune serum and challenged with treponema pall ...	1988	3152775
detection of listeria spp. in faeces from animals, in feeds, and in raw foods of animal origin.	thirty-nine samples of feeds and 79 faecal samples were collected at seven different dairy farms, at some of which the cows were suffering from listeria mastitis. faecal samples were also collected from poultry on a dairy farm and from cages used for transportation of poultry to slaughter. also neck-skin samples were taken from 17 carcasses of dressed poultry, and five samples of scalding and chilling water at a poultry slaughterhouse. finally, 67 samples of minced beef were collected from retai ...	1988	3152796
survival of listeria monocytogenes in ground beef.	listeria monocytogenes, due to its association with animals and animal products and its proven pathogenicity, is an organism of potential importance to the meat industry. the survival of l. monocytogenes in ground beef held at 4 degrees c for 2 weeks was investigated. the ground beef was inoculated with l. monocytogenes type 1 or type 4 at a level of 5 x 10(5) to 7 x 10(6) cfu/g and then packaged in either oxygen-permeable or oxygen-impermeable bags. packages were sampled at random at 0, 2, 3, 5 ...	1988	3152797
the occurrence in the u.k. of listeria species in raw chickens and soft cheeses.	retail samples of 100 raw chickens and 222 u.k. and imported soft cheeses were examined for the presence of listeria species. 60% of raw chickens (fresh and frozen) were contaminated with l. monocytogenes and 28% with other listeria spp. including l. welshimeri, l. seeligeri and l. innocua. six serotypes of l. monocytogenes were represented (1/2, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4d) of which more than one were isolated from some samples. 10% of the soft cheeses examined were found to contain l. monocytogenes at ...	1988	3152800
persistence of listeria monocytogenes in yogurt as determined by direct plating and enrichment methods.	listeria selective isolation agar (lsi) and modified acriflavin ceftazidime esculin agar (mace) were compared to mcbride listeria agar minus blood (mla-b) for ability to recover listeria monocytogenes scott a cells inoculated into commercial yogurt, ph 4.1, yogurt was stored at 5 degrees c and sampled periodically over a 12 day period. lsi, mace and mla-b inhibited the growth of the two yogurt organisms but lsi and mace gave better inhibition of other separately tested gram-positive bacteria lik ...	1988	3152804
thermal resistance of listeria monocytogenes in inoculated and naturally contaminated raw milk.	raw whole milk inoculated with 10(5) cfu/ml of listeria monocytogenes was thermally processed at 60-72 degrees c for a minimum holding time of 16.2 s with survival being observed at temperatures up to 67.5 degrees c. in addition, milk naturally contaminated with l. monocytogenes serotype 1 (around 10(4) cfu/ml) was pooled for 2 to 2.5 days and then run through an htst pasteurizer at temperatures ranging from 60-78 degrees c. viable l. monocytogenes were detected in the temperature range of 60-66 ...	1988	3152805
a comparison of two procedures for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes from raw chickens and soft cheese.	a cold enrichment method and a modified fda procedure were compared for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes from raw chickens and soft cheese. l. monocytogenes was isolated from a total of 23 of 222 cheese and 70 of 160 chicken samples by either one or both methods. neither method alone yielded all isolates from the two food types. only 12 cheese and 13 chicken samples were shown to be positive by both methods, although the serotypes isolated were not always identical. on some occasions one ...	1988	3152807
an outbreak of meningo-encephalitis in fallow deer caused by listeria monocytogenes.	an outbreak of listeric meningo-encephalitis occurred in a population of 1800 fallow deer (dama dama) in a park during the winter and early spring of 1985 to 1986. listeriosis was diagnosed in 41 of 42 fallow deer that showed the typical central nervous system signs of circling disease or were found dead. the diagnosis was verified by bacteriological examination of the brains of 35 animals. in five of the seven remaining cases listeriosis was diagnosed by histological examination, and in one ani ...	1988	3131946
mouse macrophages stimulated by recombinant gamma interferon to kill tumor cells are not bactericidal for the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes.	data presented here demonstrate that recombinant gamma interferon (rifn-gamma) activated a single population of 10% fetal calf serum-elicited mouse peritoneal exudate cells to express tumoricidal activity but not bactericidal activity for the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. fetal calf serum-elicited cells incubated with rifn-gamma phagocytosed listeriae normally, suggesting that their inability to kill this bacterium is not because they cannot phagocytose it. data als ...	1988	3128484
[listeriosis].		1988	3128855
listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis: a case report.	listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis is characterised by a progressively darkening indolent hypopyon. gentamicin and amoxycillin, as used in this, the first reported australian case, is the currently recommended treatment.	1988	3150285
[extraction of chromosomal dna from staphylococcus and listeria by a rapid method using achromopeptidase].	a rapid and simple method for preparation of chromosomal dna from gram-positive bacteria is reported. susceptibility to lysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) increases when undergoing treatment with acetone before being digested by bacteriolytic enzymes. rapid lysis of staphylococcus and listeria cells is obtained through a respective treatment by lysozyme with lysostaphine and by lysozyme with achromopeptidase, adding to that the effect of sds in tris-hcl buffer. this procedure of preparing c ...	1988	3150653
temperature-dependent expression of flagella of listeria monocytogenes studied by electron microscopy, sds-page and western blotting.	washed cells of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, grown in broth culture at 20 degrees c and at 37 degrees c, were examined by electron microscopy for the presence of flagella. many flagella were seen in cells grown at 20 degrees c, whereas at 37 degrees c very few were expressed. flagella sheared from the cell surface were partially purified by differential centrifugation. using sds-page and western blotting two distinct protein bands were seen in this preparation, both with an apparent molec ...	1988	3150978
physical and antigenic heterogeneity in the flagellins of listeria monocytogenes and l. ivanovii.	listeria monocytogenes serotypes 4a, 4b and 7, and l. ivanovii, all grown at 20 degrees c, were negatively stained and examined by electron microscopy. crude extracts of the cell surface of l. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2b, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4d and 7 and of l. ivanovii (all grown at 20 degrees c) were examined by sds-page and western blotting using (i) affinity-purified polyclonal monospecific antibody, and (ii) monoclonal antibody, each raised against 29 kda flagellin of serotype 4b. no flagella w ...	1988	3151210
[listeria meningitis in a healthy young adult].		1988	3144723
[listeria antigens and their isolated protein fractions].	antigens have been obtained from standard listeria strains 1 and 4a by alcohol precipitation, sonication and multiple freezing and thawing. from these antigens protein fractions, immunologically identical as shown by the precipitation test and immunoelectrophoresis and similar in their chemical composition, have been isolated. the immunogenic properties of the fractions are determined by the polysaccharide-protein complex represented by amino acids (proline, histidine, lysine) and monosaccharide ...	1988	3144816
co-operative effect of mcf and maf(ifn-gamma) in the protection of mice against listeria monocytogenes.	the effects of macrophage chemotactic factor (mcf) and macrophage-activating factor (maf) on protection to listeria monocytogenes were analysed using 'mcf-rich fraction' and murine recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma). recombinant ifn-gamma showed no macrophage chemotactic activity in the assays performed in vitro and in vivo. although a single injection of either mcf-rich fraction or rifn-gamma into the footpads of mice led to a significant degree of anti-listerial activity, the highest de ...	1988	3145249
methods for improved recovery of listeria monocytogenes from cheese.	method of homogenization (waring blender versus stomacher), type of diluent (tryptose broth [tb] versus aqueous 2% trisodium citrate), and temperature of diluent (20 versus 40 degrees c) were compared for recovery of listeria monocytogenes from freshly made and ripened colby cheese. by using direct plating on mcbride listeria agar, significantly higher numbers of l. monocytogenes were recovered when cheese samples were (i) homogenized for 2 min with the blender rather than the stomacher (p less ...	1988	3145706
communicable disease report january to march 1988. from the phls communicable disease surveillance centre.		1988	3146460
minimum growth temperatures of listeria monocytogenes and non-haemolytic listeria.	minimum growth temperatures and those of decreased growth were determined for 100 strains of listerias. the ability of 78 strains of listeria monocytogenes isolated from animals and 22 non-haemolytic strains to grow at low temperatures was studied, using a flooding technique, in a plate-type continuous temperature gradient incubator at temperatures between -1.6 and 14.5 degrees c. the mean minimum temperature for l. monocytogenes was +1.7 +/- 0.5 degrees c. the growth of non-haemolytic listerias ...	1988	3146567
effects of staphylococcus epidermidis on cellular immunity to infection with listeria monocytogenes.	with the present study, the effects of intravenous applications of staphylococcus epidermidis (se) on the course of experimental infections of mice with listeria monocytogenes were evaluated. se treatment 24 h prior to listeria infection led to a reduced growth of listeria organisms in both livers and spleens and to an increased resistance of infected animals against a lethal listeria challenge. se treatment 24 h after listeria infection resulted in an enhanced growth of and retarded elimination ...	1988	3146842
survival of listeria monocytogenes in cheese made of unpasteurized goat milk.		1988	3146923
synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for detection of listeria monocytogenes.	a 500-base-pair dna fragment of a presumptive beta-hemolysin gene of listeria monocytogenes has been used to identify this organism by a modified colony hybridization technique. we have cloned this dna fragment into m13 bacteriophage vectors and sequenced it by a dideoxynucleotide sequencing technique. from this sequencing information, several oligodeoxyribonucleotides were synthesized and used as synthetic probes to identify l. monocytogenes. the probes were specific for l. monocytogenes and di ...	1988	3146945
comparison of seven plating media for enumeration of listeria spp.	the suitability of seven media for the enumeration of listeria spp. was evaluated at 30 degrees c for 48 h. the media tested were (i) the original mcbride listeria agar formulation (with glycine); (ii) modified mcbride agar containing glycine anhydride; (iii) licl-phenylethanol-moxalactam (lpm) agar; (iv) acriflavine-ceftazidime agar; (v) rodriguez isolation agar (risa); (vi) modified vogel-johnson (mvj) agar; (vii) cyclohexanedione-nalidixic acid-phenylethanol agar; and tryptose agar as control ...	1988	3146947
effects of sewage treatment on the removal of listeria monocytogenes.	two sewage treatment plants in baghdad, iraq, were investigated to assess the effects of the different treatment stages on the removal of listeria monocytogenes. the bacteria were severely affected after the activation and digestion stages at both plants. a dramatic decrease in numbers of listerias after each of these two stages was noticed during the cold months (september-january). the organisms were able to survive these treatments and were present in the final effluent and even in low number ...	1988	3147983
immunocytochemical detection of listeria monocytogenes in tissue with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique.		1988	3148239
inhibitory action of nisin against listeria monocytogenes.	the sensitivity of nine strains of listeria to nisin was determined as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration of nisin necessary to completely inhibit growth of these strains. all strains tested were variably sensitive to nisin and different mic values were obtained, ranging from 740 to 10(5) iu/ml in trypticase soy agar and from 1.85 to 10(3) iu/ml in mrs agar. the inhibition of l. monocytogenes atcc 7644 in tsb trypticase at different ph values and in sterilized and nonsterilized cottage ...	1988	3148644
foodborne listeriosis--switzerland.		1988	3149549
listeria monocytogenes reactive t lymphocytes in healthy individuals.	peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals were enriched for t lymphocytes and stimulated with killed organisms of listeria sp. different strains of listeria sp. induced comparable t cell responses independent from their pathogenicity and virulence. evidence is presented that killed l. monocytogenes organisms lacked mitogenic activity for human b and t lymphocytes. it is concluded that listeria reactive t lymphocytes are commonly present in healthy individuals and hence may contri ...	1988	3149707
effects of murine recombinant interleukin 1 alpha on the host response to bacterial infection.	the effects of exogenously administered ril-1 alpha on elimination of viable listeriae from the liver and spleen during the course of a primary listeria monocytogenes infection was studied. similar numbers of l. monocytogenes were recovered from ril-1 alpha-treated and control mice at up to 24 h after infection; however, by 48 h after infection more than 1 log10 fewer viable l. monocytogenes were recovered from the spleens of ril-1 alpha-treated mice than from listeria-infected controls. the dif ...	1988	2448381
comparison of four hemolysin-producing organisms (escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, aeromonas hydrophila, and listeria monocytogenes) for release of inflammatory mediators from various cells.	we investigated the role of various hemolysin-producing strains (escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, aeromonas hydrophila, and listeria monocytogenes) in induction of inflammatory mediators, e.g., histamine release from rat mast cells as well as the chemiluminescence response and the release of lipoxygenase transformation products from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. our data show that the hemolysin-positive bacteria as well as the hemolysin-positive culture supernatants were active in i ...	1988	2451679
modulation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) expression by interferons and microbial agents. independent regulation of mhc class ii expression and induction of tumoricidal activity in bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes.	in a pure population of rat bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmm phi), the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules and ability to manifest tumoricidal activity were simultaneously studied. resting bmm phi, which express low levels of mhc class ii molecules and do not manifest tumoricidal activity, become strongly mhc class ii-positive, and evolve tumoricidal activity within 24 h when incubated with macrophage-activating lymphokines (maf) or gamma interferon (ifn ...	1988	2456605
the place of listeria among gram-positive bacteria.	the genus listeria, containing the species listeria monocytogenes, listeria innocua, listeria seeligeri, listeria welshimeri, listeria ivanovii, listeria grayi and listeria murrayi is a well circumscribed taxon. numerical taxonomic and chemical studies indicate a very close phenetic similarity to the genus brochothrix and a more distant, but close, similarity to a number of other genera such as lactobacillus, streptococcus, lactococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus, kurthia and bacillus. recent ...	1988	2458321
taxonomy of the genus listeria.	according to dna homology values as well as to 16s rrna cataloguing results, the genus listeria presently contains two groups of closely related species: one is constitued by listeria gravi and listeria murrayi, the other by listeria monocytogenes, listeria ivanovii, listeria innocua, listeria welshimeri, and listeria seeligeri. among these seven species, only two are pathogenic for humans and animals: listeria monocytogenes and listeria ivanovii. listeria denitrificans was recently excluded fro ...	1988	2458322
cloned l3t4+ t lymphocytes protect mice against listeria monocytogenes by secreting ifn-gamma.	murine t lymphocyte clones sensitized to listeria monocytogenes were developed to investigate specific mechanisms of t cell-mediated immunity. the clones were of the thy-1.2+, l3t4+, lyt-2- phenotype and proliferated in a dose response fashion to heat-killed listeria. cloned t lymphocytes injected intravenously protected nonimmune mice against l. monocytogenes challenge as determined by spleen and liver bacterial numbers. supernatants, produced by stimulating clones with heat-killed listeria for ...	1988	2459247
induction of antigen-specific suppression by circulating cryptococcus neoformans antigen.	immunoaffinity chromatography of sera from mice infected with cryptococcus neoformans (inf-ms) on a column with rabbit anti-cryptococcal antibody as the ligand resulted in the adsorption of the component(s) that induce suppression of the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response. in contrast, immunoaffinity chromatography of inf-ms on columns coupled with cryptococcal antigen or goat anti-mouse igm, igg, and iga did not adsorb the suppressive component(s). quantification of crypt ...	1988	2460273