Publications

the use of phospholipase c to detect structural changes in the membranes of human erythrocytes aged by storage.		1978	213113
incomplete anaerobiosis as a cause of metronidazole 'resistance'.	clostridium welchii, used as a control, was found to grow well in a microaerophilic jar used for campylobacters but appeared resistant to a metronidazole disc although the campylobacter was sensitive. minimum inhibitory concentrations for six strains of cl. welchii were up to 64-fold higher in these conditions than when grown anaerobically. zones of inhibition with both cl. welchii and bacteroides fragilis varied with the amount of air admitted to anaerobic jars.	1978	213449
the effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on rat and rabbit ileum: an electron microscopic study.	intestinal epithelial damage caused by clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in rats and rabbits was identified by light microscopy and compared at the surface (scanning electron microscopy), and the ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy) levels. under the light microscope damage to the epithelial layer of villus tips was clearly evident in cross-sections. whole tissue viewed under the scanning electron microscope showed comparable tip localization of morpholigic damage in the form of ...	1978	213651
observations on the effect of different methods of processing on the bacterial contaminants of bovine and ovine tripe.	a comparison was made of the multiplication of bacteria in specimens of tripe processed in different ways. there was little difference in this respect between commercial tripe as offered for purchase to the consumer and rough and scraped tripe incubated at 30 degrees c for 24 h. tripe stored at 4 degrees c or in acetic acid (ph 4) at 30 degrees c for 24 h, however, had appreciably fewer bacteria.	1978	213753
[a simple device for cultivation of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].	a new concept for isolation and enumeration of anaerobic bacteria in food is presented. the sample is collected and diluted under anaerobic conditions in a specially designed syringe (m.o.s.), in which cultivation also takes place. a comparison between this method and cultivation in anaerobic jars (gaspak) from a common inoculum revealed a higher number of clostridium perfringens with the m.o.s.-technique.	1978	213768
[gas gangrene (author's transl)].		1978	213772
phosphatidic and lysophosphatidic acid production in phospholipase c-and thrombin-treated platelets. possible involvement of a platelet lipase.	incubation of 32p-labelled platelets with clostridium welchii phospholipase c greatly stimulates 32p-incorporation into phosphatidic and lysophosphatidic acids. a net synthesis is demonstrated for both phospholipids, which exhibit identical specific radioactivities. phosphatidic acid production roughly parallels the phospholipase c-induced aggregation, whereas lysophosphatidic acid appears secondarily during cell lysis. the same qualitative variations are observed during thrombin-induced aggrega ...	1978	214164
enterotoxemia in rabbits.	the presence of clostridium perfringens type e iota toxin was confirmed from the cecal contents of 23 of 46 rabbits which died of enteritis complex. the most consistent lesions observed were hemorrhage and edema in the cecum. rabbit toxicity tests showed the toxic cecal contents were lethal for young rabbits unless incubated with clostridium perfringens type e antiserum.	1978	214635
[subacute form of "necrotising" enteritis due to clostridium perfringens: one case].		1978	214755
physical properties of inner histone-dna complexes.	chicken-erythrocyte inner histone tetramer has been complexed with several natural and synthetic dna duplexes by salt-gradient dialysis at various protein/dna ratios. the resulting complexes, in low-ionic-strength buffer, have been examined by electron microscopy, circular dichroism, and thermal denaturation. electron microscopy reveals nucleosomes (nu bodies) randomly arranged along dna fibers, including poly(da-dt)-poly(da-dt), poly(di-dc)-poly(di-dc), but not poly(da)-poly(dt). circular dichr ...	1978	214760
metabolism of rabbit kidney cells incubated in vitro with phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus and clostridium perfringens.		1978	214902
characterization of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid in clostridium perfringens cw55.	a bacteriocinogenic strain of clostridium perfringens was exposed to various curing agents known to accelerate the elimination of extrachromosomal dna, and 20 independently derived mutants that had lost both the ability to produce bacteriocin and their immunity to it were isolated and characterized. all of the mutants were missing at least two specific plasmid bands seen in the agarose gel plasmid profile of the parent strain. evidence that the two missing bands represented the open circular and ...	1978	215082
sensitization of clostridium perfringens spores to heat by gamma radiation.	spores of clostridium perfringens, type a, were given separate or sequential treatments of gamma radiation (0 to 0.7 mrad) and/or high temperature (93 to 103 degrees c). prior heating, sufficient to inactivate 40 to 99% of the viable spores, had no effect on the subsequent radiation inactivation rate. prior irradiation had a sensitizing effect on subsequently heated spores. the degree of sensitization to heat, as measured by thermal inactivation rate, increased with increased radiation pretreatm ...	1978	215084
[quaternary structure and proteolysis of the polynucleotide phosphorylase from c. perfringens].	this report describes structural studies on purified polynucleotide phosphorylase from c. perfringens. a method is described for the purification of the enzyme which yields a product equivalent in activity to the native polynucleotide phosphorylase from e. coli. these studies revealed a molecular heterogeneity arising from successive stages of proteolysis, to which this enzyme is especially sensitive; unusally, the enzyme is obtained as a mixture of variable proportions of the native and proteol ...	1978	215236
the international reference preparations of clostridium welchii (c. perfringens) beta and epsilon toxoids.	the central veterinary laboratory, weybridge, england was requested by the who expert committee on biological standardization to obtain suitable materials for international standards for clostridium welchii (c. perfringens) beta and epsilon toxoids and to arrange collaborative assays. preparations were obtained and dispensed as freeze-dried toxoids in ampoules. the toxoids were assayed by nine laboratories in eight countries. on the basis of the results obtained, the materials have been establis ...	1978	215337
effect of metal ions on growth and sporulation of clostridium perfringens in a synthetic medium.	all cells, whatever their origin, function in an essentially inorganic environment. in this environment, metal cations play an important role. attempts were made in the present study to determine if different amounts of five metal ions (mg++, fe++, mn++, zn++, ca++) are needed for secondary metabolism of clostridium perfringens than are needed for primary metabolism. both the vegetative growth stage (primary metabolic stage) and spore stage (secondary metabolic stage) of clostridium perfringens ...	1978	215387
refractoriness of rabbit towards clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1978	210117
method for maintaining viability of clostridium perfringens in foods during shipment and storage: collaborative study.	a collaborative study was conducted in 12 laboratories to determine the effectiveness of a new method for maintaining vegetative cells of clostridium perfringens in viable condition during storage and transport of food specimens to the laboratory. the collaborative results showed that treatment of brown gravy and roast beef samples with an equal amount by weight of sterile buffered glycerol-sodium chloride solution to give a final 10% glycerol concentration and storage with dry ice for 10 days a ...	1978	210152
comparison of five regimens for treatment of experimental clindamycin-associated colitis.	the hamster model of clindamycin-induced enterocolitis was studied to determine the natural course of the disease and the response to five therapeutic regimens. tissue culture assays of stools from untreated animals showed that colitis toxin is present at low titers within 24--36 hr after challenge with clindamycin; titers of toxin in subsequent specimens of stool increased progressively until the animals died on days 2--4 after challenge. therapeutic regimens tested in this model were initiated ...	1978	210236
neuraminidase production by clostridia.	the production of neuraminidase (ec 3.2.1.18) by a range of clostridial species was investigated with techniques previously developed to distinguish neuraminidase-negative and neuraminidase-positive strains of clostridium perfringens (welchii). large amounts of extracellular neuraminidase were produced by representative strains of c. perfringens and c. septicum in the test media. under similar conditions, two strains each of c. chauvoei and c. tertium were found to produce small amounts of the e ...	1978	210277
the use of an immunoperoxidase technique to investigate by light and electron microscopy the sites of binding of clostridium welchii type-d epsilon toxin in mice.	mice were given an intravenous dose of formalinised c. welchii type-d epsilon prototoxin and an immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate this antigen in the tissues. the antigen was found to bind to the luminal surface of the endothelial lining of certain blood vessels, to the luminal surface of the cells lining the loops of henlé and distal convoluted tubules in the kidney, and to the hepatic sinusoids. as it has been shown previously that formalinised epsilon prototoxin and epsilon t ...	1978	210278
in-vitro effects of clostridium welchii type-d epsilon toxin on guinea-pig, mouse, rabbit and sheep cells.	epsilon toxin, at relatively low concentrations, killed guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages in vitro. the cells became swollen, the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes "blistered" and discontinuous, and the cytoplasm appeared structureless. formalinised epsilon prototoxin was shown to bind closely to the outer surface of the cells and it is concluded that this site represents the location of the receptors for epsilon toxin. in addition the toxin at higher concentrations killed rabbit peritoneal macr ...	1978	210279
aggregation of platelets induced by alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) of clostridium perfringens administered topically and intravenously [proceedings].		1978	210307
mode of lethal activity of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin [proceedings].		1978	210308
aggregation of platelets in the mesenteric microcirculation of the rat induced by alpha-toxin (phospholipase c) of clostridium perfringens.		1978	210536
[gazeous gangrene of the gallbladder induced by a clostridium perfringens infection (author's transl)].		1978	210611
enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a isolated from intestinal contents of cattle, sheep and chickens.	one hundred and fourteen strains of clostridium perfringens, isolated from the intestinal contents of cattle, sheep, and chickens with enteritis or other disease conditions were studied for their ability to produce enterotoxin. reversed passive hemagglutination, fluorescent antibody and immunodiffusion tests were used. on the basis of the reversed passive hemagglutination titres, supported by the other two tests, enterotoxigenicity of the strains was arbitrarily classified into two categories: h ...	1978	210914
some properties of beta-toxin produced by clostridium perfringens type c.	purified beta-toxin from clostridium perfringens type c was found to be a single polypeptide chain protein with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000. the toxin was heat labile, with 75% of its activity being inactivated by incubation at 50 degrees c for 5 min. biological activity of the purified toxin was completely destroyed on exposure to trypsin for 30 min at 37 degrees c. the 50% lethal dose for mice was 1.87 microgram of purified toxin.	1978	211090
enterotoxemia in two foals.	two quarter horse foals from different premises died from enterotoxemia. clostridium perfringens toxins alpha and beta were demonstrated in the foal's intestines by mouse protection tests. clostridium perfringens type c was isolated from the intestines of each foal. histologic examination revealed hemorrhage, necrosis, and massive numbers of c perfringens.	1978	211108
hydrolytic action of phospholipases on sealed ghosts of mammalian erythrocytes.		1978	211122
detection of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in human fecal samples and anti-enterotoxin in sera.	by using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep), clostridium perfringens enterotoxin was successfully demonstrated in fecal samples collected within 1 day of attack from sick individuals involved in a bacteriologically and epidemiologically proven outbreak of c. perfringens food poisoning. in contrast, enterotoxin was not demonstrable in fecal samples of apparently healthy individuals both at high- and low-risk exposure to the organism and enterotoxin or in fecal samples collected 4 to 5 days after ...	1978	211142
synthesis and biological activity of new 2-nitroimidazole derivatives.	in an earlier paper we described the synthesis and the antitrichomonas activity of 2-nitro-alpha,alpha,1-trimethyl-1h-imidazole-5-methanol (2). starting from this compound, several derivatives have been synthesized. among these, the phenyl carbonate 8 has been shown to possess activity equal to that of 2 and to be less toxic. this compound therefore is interesting in comparison with some antitrichomonas agents currently in use clinically. before undertaking an in-depth investigation, compound 8 ...	1978	211235
new modification of willis and hobbs' method for identification of clostridium perfringens.	a modification of the medium of willis and hobbs is described. all strains of clostridium perfringens grown on it gave a positive lecithinase reaction. some gave a negative reaction in the origin medium.	1978	206205
[occurrence and routine detection of clostridium perfringens in the horse].		1978	206257
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactosidases of clostridium perfringens. separation and characterization of an exoglycosidase and an oligosaccharidase.	two distinct 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactosidases have been separated from filtrates of cultured clostridium perfringens by electrophoresis in 6.5% poly(acrylamide) gels. one of the enzymes had a mobility of 0.32--0.36 (relative to bromophenol blue) and was identified as the exoglycosidase, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactosidase. it appears to be the same enzyme as that reported in 1972 by mcguire et al. the second of the two enzymes, having a relative mobility of 0.42--0.46, correspond ...	1978	206361
bacteriocin typing of clostridium perfringens in human feces.	three hundred and ninety-nine isolates of clostridium perfringens from enriched stool specimens of 51 individuals (about eight colonies per person) were typed by bacteriocins. forty-nine percent of these persons carried more than one bacteriocin type in their stool, and some had three or four different stains as determined by bacteriocin typing. weekly stool specimens obtained from seven positive volunteers over a period of 5 weeks were screened for c. perfringens, and several colonies from each ...	1978	206573
[use of a gangrene antiserum in the surgical treatment of acute paraproctitis].		1978	206758
[toxigenic types of clostridium perfringens in feed].		1978	207013
[use of the reversed passive hemagglutination in detection of clostridium botulinum type a, b, and e toxin (author's transl)].	with the reversed passive hemagglutination technique it is possible to detect minimal amounts of botulinum type a, b and e toxins (s. tab. 3). the antisera are used were prepared by foot--pad injection of rabbits with purified toxoids in freund's complete adjuvant (s. tab. 1). antitoxin globulin were prepared from rabbit antisera with (nh4)2so4 to 50%. formalinized and tanned human erythrozytes were sensitized with these specific antitoxin globulins. only slight cross reactions ere encountered b ...	1978	207051
role of exogenous phospholipases in triggering platelet aggregation.		1978	207175
efficacy of laboratory tests for the detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens.	nineteen clostridium perfringens strains with positive erythemal and ligated intestinal loop reactions, and 22 strains with negative reactions, originating from food-poisoning cases, were tested comparatively using the fluorescent antibody (fa), reversed passive hemagglutination (rpha), and immunodiffusion (id) tests. all the biologically positive strains were detected by the three immunological tests used. the fa test detected five additional strains among the biologically negative group which ...	1978	207403
anaerobic septicemia after transrectal prostatic biopsy.	transrectal biopsy of the prostate resulted in anaerobic septicemia in two patients, despite parenteral gentamicin sulfate prophylaxis. bacteroides fragilis sepsis developed subacutely in one patient having a postbiopsy pelvic abscess. clostridium perfringens sepsis occurred fulminantly in another patient 24 hours after biopsy of a gland extensively involved with adenocarcinoma. these cases indicate a potential hazard of sepsis due to anaerobic contamination with rectal microflora at the time of ...	1978	204264
clostridium welchii septicaemia after intrauterine caesium insertion.		1978	204393
determination of the inhibitory effect of several compounds on neuraminidases from virus influenza, v. cholerae and cl. perfringens.		1978	204527
phospholipid dependence of udp-glucuronyltransferase.	very extensive hydrolysis of phospholipids with pure bacillus cereus phospholipase c at 5 degrees c greatly inhibited the maximum demonstrable rate of glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol by udpglucuronyltransferase in guinea pig liver microsomes. lysophosphatidylcholine restored much of the inhibited activity but non-phospholipid surfactants or hydrolysis of diglycerides failed to reactivate. phospholipid depletion likewise inhibited o-aminophenol glucuronidation and phospholipids restored activity ...	1978	203315
detection of alcohols and volatile fatty acids by head-space gas chromatography in identification of anaerobic bacteria.	a head-space gas chromatographic technique for the analysis of volatile bacterial metabolites is described. bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens, and propionibacterium acnes, cultured in a glucose-containing peptone yeast extract medium, were studied. the head-space technique was compared with the injection of the complete liquid culture medium, and solvent extracts thereof, into the gas chromatograph. volatile fatty acids could be detected by all three methods, whereas alcohols produce ...	1978	203602
[thymidine phosphorylation with the participation of rat thymic and hepatic thymidine kinase in the presence of a factor from cl. perfringens (welchii)].	factor cpw, isolated from cl. perfringens/welchii was shown to activate latent thymidine kinase (factor n) from liver tissue of rats beginning from 42 days age. cpw factor activated 3.5-fold also thymidine kinase from rat strumous gland; the enzyme was observed during involution of the tissue. the data suggest that increase in thymidine kinase activity in proliferating tissues is related to activation of latent enzymes.	1978	208287
[protoplast fragmentation as one of the possible mechanisms of l-transformation of bacteria (clostridium perfringens)].	as revealed, the action of lysozyme on the cells of clostridium perfringens bp-6k led to the formation of not only typical spheroplasts, but also of cells whose peripheral parts of the cytoplasm were fragmented by membrane component. small bodies framed by the membrane proper and containing granular and fibrillar components were formed. they were polymorphic in osmium treatment, and had smooth contours in preliminary use of aldehyde fixation. in the latter case a dense lumpy material analogous t ...	1978	208329
[homogeneous cl. perfringens alpha-anatoxin: its physicochemical and immunogenic properties].	the authors present a method of obtaining relatively homogeneous preparations of alpha-toxoid of cl. perfringens, type a, including the primary conception of the alpha-toxin proteins, their chromatography on deae-cellulose, fractionation with (nh4)2so4, detoxication, with the subsequent gel-filtration through sephadex and isoelectric focussing. sedimentation coefficient of the preparation proved to be 3.8 s, isoelectric point-4.83 +/- 0.07. in studying the immunogenic properties of alpha-toxoid ...	1978	208330
equine grass sickness: serologic evidence of association with clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin seroneutralization was carried out on sera from 50 horses recovered from grass sickness and from 100 other horses with no record of having had the disease. of the affected horses, 70% had seroneutralizating titers higher than 1:64, half of these being equal or higher than 1:128. more than 88% of the horses with no record of grass sickness had titers lower than 1:64. these data support the theory of association between c perfringens type a toxins and gra ...	1978	208433
isolation and characterization of multiply antibiotic-resistant clostridum perfringens strains from porcine feces.	multiply antibiotic-resistant strains of clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine feces. strains that were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and lincomycin were isolated, but no penicillin- or chloramphenicol-resistant strains were obtained. typical minimal inhibitory concentrations for resistant strains were 16 to 64 mug of tetracycline per ml, 64 to >128 mug of erythromycin per ml, >/=128 mug of lincomycin per ml, and 16 to 128 mug of clindamycin per ml. resistanc ...	1978	208463
depression of amino acid transport in cultured rat hepatocytes by purified enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens.		1978	208560
growth retardation and prevention of ehrlich solid tumor by clostridium perfringens type a spores and culture supernatant.	when given by direct s.c. injection into the ehrlich solid carcinoma 1 week after s.c. tumor transfer, viable crude spores of clostridium perfringens type a (attenuated mutant strain lng11 atcc 29348) inhibited tumor growth and significantly prolonged the life span of male outbred swiss mice. under these conditions a concentrated sterile supernatant of a c. perfringens culture proved to be slightly more effective than were viable crude spores. in contrast viable crude spores were ineffective in ...	1978	208766
effect of zinc and calcium ions on the production of alpha-toxin and proteases by clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens produced at least three distinct proteases in a synthetic medium containing calcium. two of them, thiol and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt-sensitive proteases, appeared at an early stage of growth, but the other one, perhaps being identical to the one produced in a calcium-deficient medium, appeared at a late stage. the production of these proteases depended on ca2+ but not on zn2+ in the medium. alpha-toxin, perhaps being a zinc-containing metalloenzyme, w ...	1978	208976
incidence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens in healthy humans in relation to the enhancement of enterotoxin production by heat treatment.		1978	209009
[acute necrotizing or gangrenous enteritis or hamburg disease].		1978	209370
[in vitro activity of ornidazole against anaerobic organisms. differences seen in certain strains in relation to the partial pressure of oxygen. (author's transl)].		1978	209402
monensin, eimeria tenella infection, and effects on the bacterial populations in the ceca of gnotobiotic chickens.	bacteria-free chicks in separate plastic film isolators were inoculated orally with single species of bacteria. within an isolator, half the birds were fed unmedicated feed and half received feed containing 100 ppm monensin. with clostridium perfringens as the established species of monoflora, bacterial counts from the duodenum were 10(4) times lower and counts from the ceca were three times lower in monensin-fed birds compared to unmedicated birds. infection with eimeria tenella stimulated an e ...	1978	209434
[separation and purification of isoenzymes of clostridium perfringens phospholipase c].	the procedure for separation and purification of isoenzymes of phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens (plc) was developed. the procedure included primary concentration of culture liquid proteins and isoenzyme separtion on deae-cellulose during negative sorption of the major isoenzyme. further purification of the isoenzymes was achieved by (nh4)2so4 fractionation by sephadex gel-filtration and isoelectric focusing. during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and precipitation reaction in the ...	1978	209439
the clinical importance of anaerobic bacteria in wound infections after gastrointestinal surgery.	wound cultures from 54 patients with infections after gastrointestinal surgery were examined. cultures from wounds after surgery on the upper gastrointestinal tract grew few organisms, mainly aerobic gram-positive cocci. culture from wounds on the lower gastrointestinal tract grew strains of bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative rods dominating. indirect immunofluorescence studies on acute and convalescent phase sera showed significant immune response against bacteroides fragilis in a ma ...	1978	209532
synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships of antibacterial 1-(substituted benzhydryl)-4-(5-nitro-2-furfurylideneamino) piperazines.	1-benzhydryl -4- (5-nitro-2-furfurylideneamino) piperazine and 11 substituted analogs were prepared and examined for in vitro antimicrobial activity. the compounds were active against bacillus cereus 7, bacillus megaterium 122, bacillus subtilis 104, clostridium perfringens 13, and the tetracycline-resistant clostridium perfringens 37. regression analyses on the antibacterial activity data based on the hansch approach, using pi, pi2, and sigma parameters, yielded several statistically significan ...	1978	207855
post-menopausal vaginitis.	the organisms cultured from the vaginal swabs of 383 women over 50 years old with vaginal discharge were compared with those from 148 normal women of similar age attending a cytology clinic. the only significant difference was that yeasts were found in 20% and 6% of the two groups of women, respectively. it is therefore concluded that in post-menopausal women with vaginal discharge, the main microbiological requirement is for the diagnosis and treatment of yeast infection.	1978	207869
identification of 7alpha-, 12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxo cholanoic acid as the major degradation product from cholic by c. perfringens.		1978	207931
observations on toxin and hemagglutinin produced by clostridium botulinum type c.	in the culture fluid of a hemagglutinin-positive strain of clostridium botulinum type c, two toxins of different molecular size, hemagglutinin positive and negative, were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.	1978	205174
exchange of tritium from randomly tritiated taurocholate by microbial bile salt oxidoreductases.	tritium distribution on randomly labelled taurocholate (tc) was estimated at 28%, 4%, 1% and less than 0.5% on the hydrogens opposite the 3alpha-, 7alpha- and 12alpha-oh groups and taurine moiety respectively. anomalously, c. perfringens 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-hsdh) catalyzed tritium loss of 36% on formation of 7alpha-, 12alpha-dihydroxy-3-keto-5beta-cholanoate, implying additional losses of tritium at other sites by this enzyme.	1978	205428
free-sporing cl. welchii in ordinary laboratory media and conditions.	a strain of clostridium welchii produced spores in ordinary blood agar plates. investigations confirmed that it was the character of this particular strain and that the laboratory media were not inducing sporulation. during a period of 12 months a total of 100 strains of cl. welchii were studied. none of them produced spores in ordinary laboratory media and conditions when examined microscopically.	1978	205556
[cholecystitis caused by clostridium perfringens, a rare cause of pneumoperitoneum].		1978	205737
further studies on the mode of action of clostridium welchii type-d epsilon toxin.	intradermal injection of clostridium welchii type-d epsilon toxin increased the permeability of blood vessels in guinea-pig skin to evans blue dye by a mechanism not dependent on the release of histamine. the toxin was also found to raise the plasma concentration of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in mice. it is concluded that epsilon toxin is an enterotoxin capable of causing widespread damage, after binding to receptor sites on the surface of certain cells, through a mechanism mediated b ...	1978	79653
fulminant necrotising enterocolitis associated with clostridia.	5 infants with no growth of bacteria on cultures of blood and peritoneal fluid recovered from necrotising enterocolitis after medical treatment alone. 12 infants with positive cultures required surgery. 5 of these 12, who did not harbour clostridia, had a mild clinical course and all 5 survived segmental bowel resection. the 7 infants who harboured clostridia had a more severe clinical course and 4 died. in 3 of 4 infants with clostridium perfringens, the necrotising enterocolitis was fulminant, ...	1978	82032
purification of human diploid fibroblast interferon by immobilized neuraminidase.	an efficient method for the purification of human fibroblast interferon (if) based on binding via the n-acetyl neuraminic acid (n-ana) residue of the if molecules to the immobilized neuraminidase has been developed. binding of if occurred at ph 4.5 and elution of the bound activity was effected at ph 9.5. specific activity of if in the alkaline eluate was increased by a factor in excess of 200 and the if thus recovered had probably retained most of the n-ana moieties.	1978	24432
clear, defined medium for the sporulation of clostridium perfringens.	a new, defined medium for the sporulation of clostridium perfringens is presented. sporulation levels exceeding 10(6) to 10(7) heat-resistant spores per ml were obtained for seven strains: ps49, ps52, fd-1, t-65, nctc strains 8798, 8238, and 10240. in the presence of theophylline, a methylxanthine, higher levels of heat-resistant spores were attained for strains ps49, ps52, fd-1, ant t-65; photomicrographs demonstrated a higher fraction of sporulating cells when these strains were grown in the p ...	1978	25045
clostridial sepsis after abortion with pgf2alpha and intracervical laminaria tents--a case report.	a case of clostridial endomyometritis and sepsis necessitating total abdominal hysterectomy which occurred 12 hours following abortion induced with intraamniotic administration of prostaglandin f2 alpha and laminaria tent insertion is discussed. cultures from cervical, blood, and surgical specimens all yielded clostridium perfringens. intrauterine contamination with this microorganism most likely followed the insertion of laminaria tents through the cervical os, which was colonized with c. perfr ...	1978	25807
the bactericidal activity of nitrofurantoin and metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria.		1978	25874
isoelectric focusing of carboxypeptidase n.	carboxypeptidase n was partially purified on a teae-cellulose column and subjected to isoelectric focusing in sucrose gradient columns containing ampholine gradients of ph range 3-10 and 4-8. activity separated into two major peaks with pi values of ph 3.8 and 4.3. both peaks were totally converted to an active desialated enzyme with isoelectric point of ph 5.2 to 5.4. these results indicate that carboxypeptidase n is a sialoprotein with at least two forms, differing in sialic acid content, in s ...	1978	26410
endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases ci and cii from clostridium perfringens.		1978	26848
sialyl- and fucosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of asparaginyl-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins. mutually exclusive glycosylation by beta-galactoside alpha2 goes to 6 sialyltransferase and n-acetylglucosaminide alpha1 goes to 3 fucosyltransferase.		1978	27517
tissue sterility in uneviscerated carcasses.	sheep muscle tissue removed aseptically from control carcasses, from uneviscerated carcasses held at 20 degrees c for 24 h, and from carcasses of sheep subjected to stress before slaughter was examined for the presence of bacteria. all samples from a total of 68 carcasses were sterile. whole-body autoradiography of mouse carcasses showed that 14c-labeled fixed bacteria injected after death remained in the lumen of the intestine. live bacteria did not penetrate the mucosal surface until the tissu ...	1978	29564
the influence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide on the germination of bacterial spores.		1978	31348
effect of purified phospholipases on the binding of tetrodotoxin to axon plasma membrane.	the role of phospholipids in the binding of [3h]tetrodotoxin to garfish olfactory nerve axon plasma membrane was studied by the use of purified phospholipases. treatment of the membranes with low concentrations of either phospholipase a2 (crotalus adamanteus and naja naja) or phospholipase c (bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens) resulted in a marked reduction in tetrodotoxin binding activity. a 90% reduction in the activity occurred with about 45% hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by ...	1979	39172
properties and function of the proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase of clostridium perfringens.	growth of clostridium perfringens was inhibited by compounds which dissipate or prevent the formation of electrochemical proton gradients. membrane vesicles prepared from this organism exhibited mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) activity sensitive to n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. mg2+-atpase activity was optimal of 50 degrees c, but no discrete ph optimum was observed. adenosine triphosphate-dependent quenching of the fluorescence of the weak base quinacrine by everted membrane v ...	1979	40963
effect of carbohydrates and control of culture ph on beta toxin production by clostridium perfringens type c.	clostridium perfringens type c strain cn 5384 produced a higher level of beta toxin in a controlled ph medium containing 1% glucose, starch, or sucrose than in media with dextrin, fructose, or raffinose. toxin synthesis was not related to the growth yield. the effect of glucose on beta toxin production by 11 strains was investigated with and without control of the culture ph at 7.5. strain cn 5386 produced distinctly higher toxin when the ph of the culture was maintained at 7.5, compared with un ...	1979	41161
clostridium perfringens type a: certain characters of epidemiologic significance.	survival of spores of cl. perfringens type a was significantly greater than that of vegetative cells in acid ph (ph 1.2). survival of spores in soil varied from strain to strain. time required for 5 million spores to be reduced to 500 per gram of soil varied from 2 to 8 months with an average of 4.5+/-2.3 months. quantitative and qualitative heat resistance studies revealed that a majority of the indian and all the american strains tested were heat-sensitive. these characters of cl. perfringens ...	1979	43344
characterization of the autolytic enzymes of clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens and isolated walls of this organism autolysed rapidly when incubated in buffer at ph 7.0 with the release of free-reducing groups but no n-terminal amino acids. the predominant autolytic enzyme was an endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, and an endo-beta-n-acetylmuramidase was also present. the autolytic enzymes could be solubilized by extraction of the organisms with 5 m-licl and would then subsequently bind to and rapidly lyse walls of micrococcus luteus and, more slowly, ...	1979	44314
effect of clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on viability and antigenicity of human leukemic myeloblasts.	the effect of increasing concentrations of cl. perfringens neuraminidase and of ph on the dye exclusion ability and lymphocyte stimulating capacity of leukemic myeloblasts was studied. the higher the neuraminidase concentration, or the lower the ph was, the more myeloblasts died and the less the myeloblasts stimulated lymphocytes. myeloblasts treated at a neutral ph and at low enzyme concentrations retained, but did not increase their antigenicity.	1979	44477
a proposed sero-grouping scheme for epidemiological investigation of food poisoning due to clostridium perfringens type a.	serological studies with soluble and particulate antigens of cl. perfringens type a revealed that enterotoxin and spore antigens could be used as a suitable marker for epidemiological studies. 94% of the food poisoning strains of cl. perfringens type a could be grouped into 3 groups with the help of 2 enterotoxin-specific sera and 90% in 4 groups with antispore sera. heat-sensitive strains were found to be antigenically more homogenous than the heat-resistant ones. sera raised against spores of ...	1979	44603
potential hazards of blood-transfusion in clostridia-associated necrotising enterocolitis.		1979	83497
prevention of necrotising enteritis in papua new guinea by active immunisation.	necrotising enteritis (pig-bel) caused by clostridium welchii type c is a major cause of illness and death in the highlands of papua new guinea. in a controlled trial of active immunisation with a clostridial toxoid prepared from type-c cultures the incidence of pig-bel in over 2500 immunised children within 24 months of immunisation was less than an eighth of that in a control group. necrotising enteritis in papua new guinea is now a preventable disease.	1979	84895
exchange transfusion with heparinised fresh blood in necrotising enterocolitis.		1979	86066
enteritis necroticans in china.		1979	86802
clostridia in neonatal faeces.		1979	87948
use of intraoperative gram stain during cholecystectomy.		1979	88186
[evaluation of the suitability of nutrient media made from dry components for the rapid detection of cl. perfringens].		1979	90199
unaltered catabolism of desialylated low-density lipoprotein in the pig and in cultured rat hepatocytes.	removal of the terminal sialic acid residues from many serum glycoproteins results in exposure of their penultimate galactose residues and rapid clearance from circulation by the liver. low-density lipoprotein is a glycoprotein containing 21 galactose and 9 sialic acid residues per particle. studies in this laboratory and others have shown that both the liver and extrahepatic tissues contribute to the degradation of low-density lipoprotein. this study was undertaken to determine whether desialyl ...	1979	90503
rheumatoid arthritis: review of searches for an infectious cause. part ii.		1979	92461
the effect of transition metal ions on the resistance of bacterial spores to hydrogen peroxide and to heat.	the presence of 10 microm-cu2+ increased the lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide on spores of clostridium bifermentans but not on those of clostridium sporogenes pa 3679, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus or bacillus subtilis var. niger. cu2+ at 100 mum also increased the lethal effect of heat on spores of c. bifermentans but not on those of b. sutilis var. niger. the rate and extent of cu2+ uptake by spores of c. bifermentans and b. subtilis var. niger were similar, but examination of uns ...	1979	113488
stopcock: bacterial contamination in invasive monitoring systems.		1979	215570
[bivalent emulsified anatoxin against ovine infectious enterotoxemia and anaerobic dysentery in lambs].		1979	225858
a simplified assay for phospholipase c.		1979	225963
effect of heat treatment on the performance of tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar for enumeration of clostridium perfringens.	dissolving dehydrated tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar by only boiling or microwaving was found to inhibit clostridium perfringens colony development in pour plates when compared with c. perfringens recovery in tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar prepared by autoclaving.	1979	225988
raffinose increases sporulation and enterotoxin production by clostridium perfringens type a.	replacement of starch with raffinose in duncan and strong sporulation medium improved percent sporulation in six of eight strains tested. enterotoxin concentration in cell extracts was increased in the case of four of five known enterotoxin-positive strains. with strain nctc 10240, levels of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% raffinose produced the highest enterotoxin concentration 300 to 320 micrograms of enterotoxin per mg of cell extract protein. at a level of 0.4% raffinose the highest enterotoxin concentra ...	1979	225991