Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of the edema factor exotoxin adenylyl cyclase domain from bacillus anthracis in the presence of its activator, calmodulin. | edema factor from bacillus anthracis is a 92 kda secreted adenylyl cyclase exotoxin and is activated by the host-resident protein calmodulin. calmodulin is a ubiquitous intracellular calcium sensor in eukaryotes and activates edema factor nearly 1000-fold upon binding. while calmodulin has many known effectors, including kinases, phosphodiesterases, motor proteins, channels and type 1 adenylyl cyclases, no structures of calmodulin in complex with a functional enzyme have been solved. the crystal ... | 2001 | 11717504 |
| hyping bioterrorism obscures real concerns. | 2001 | 11718116 | |
| bioterrorism in the united states: take it seriously. | 2001 | 11718117 | |
| the loss of innocence. | 2001 | 11718352 | |
| anthrax: a motor protein determines anthrax susceptibility. | a new study has found that polymorphisms in the host gene kif1c, which encodes a kinesin-like motor protein, determine whether mouse macrophages are resistant or sensitive to anthrax lethal toxin. these findings may lead the way to discovering how both germ and host factors might contribute to a lethal infection. | 2001 | 11719234 |
| clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure: report of 2 surviving patients. | the use of anthrax as a weapon of biological terrorism has moved from theory to reality in recent weeks. following processing of a letter containing anthrax spores that had been mailed to a us senator, 5 cases of inhalational anthrax have occurred among postal workers employed at a major postal facility in washington, dc. this report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and initial therapy of 2 of these patients. the clinical course is in some ways different from what has been d ... | 2001 | 11722268 |
| death due to bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: report of 2 patients. | on october 9, 2001, a letter containing anthrax spores was mailed from new jersey to washington, dc. the letter was processed at a major postal facility in washington, dc, and opened in the senate's hart office building on october 15. between october 19 and october 26, there were 5 cases of inhalational anthrax among postal workers who were employed at that major facility or who handled bulk mail originating from that facility. the cases of 2 postal workers who died of inhalational anthrax are r ... | 2001 | 11722269 |
| bioterrorism on the home front: a new challenge for american medicine. | 2001 | 11722275 | |
| optimization of an oligonucleotide microchip for microbial identification studies: a non-equilibrium dissociation approach. | the utility of a high-density oligonucleotide microarray (microchip) for identifying strains of five closely related bacilli (bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, bacillus mycoides, bacillus medusa and bacillus subtilis) was demonstrated using an approach that compares the non-equilibrium dissociation rates ('melting curves') of all probe-target duplexes simultaneously. for this study, a hierarchical set of 30 oligonucleotide probes targeting the 16s ribosomal rna of these bacilli at multiple le ... | 2001 | 11722542 |
| [bacillus anthracis, an old friend in a new appearance?]. | 2001 | 11723811 | |
| something she called a fever: michelet, derrida, and dust. | 2001 | 11724069 | |
| update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. | cdc and state and local public health authorities continue to investigate cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. as of november 7, a total of 22 cases of anthrax have been identified according to the cdc surveillance case definition; 10 were confirmed inhalational anthrax cases and 12 cases (seven confirmed and five suspected) were cutaneous anthrax (table 1). the majority of cases have occurred in persons working at postal facilities in new jersey (nj) and the district of columbia (dc) in which ... | 2001 | 11724150 |
| considerations for distinguishing influenza-like illness from inhalational anthrax. | cdc has issued guidelines on the evaluation of persons with a history of exposure to bacillus anthracis spores or who have an occupational or environmental risk for anthrax exposure. this notice describes the clinical evaluation of persons who are not known to be at increased risk for anthrax but who have symptoms of influenza-like illness (ili). clinicians evaluating persons with ili should consider a combination of epidemiologic, clinical, and, if indicated, laboratory and radiographic test re ... | 2001 | 11724153 |
| interim guidelines for investigation of and response to bacillus anthracis exposures. | environmental sampling. environmental testing to detect b. anthracis on surfaces or in the air can be used to investigate known or suspected exposure events. the highest priority of an investigation is to evaluate the risk for exposure to aerosolized b. anthracis spores. persons collecting and testing samples should 1) obtain adequate samples, 2) avoid cross-contamination during processing, and 3) ensure proficient laboratory testing and interpretation of test results. a positive laboratory test ... | 2001 | 11724154 |
| update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001. | this report updates the investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and the provision of antimicrobial prophylaxis to exposed persons and highlights cdc assistance to other countries investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. since november 7, 2001, cdc and state and local public health agencies have identified no new cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. as of november 14, a total of 22 cases of anthrax has met the cdc case definition; 10 were confirmed inhalational anthrax, and 12 ... | 2001 | 11724158 |
| update: interim recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. | ciprofloxacin or doxycycline is recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment of adults and children with bacillus anthracis infection associated with the recent bioterrorist attacks in the united states. amoxicillin is an option for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and pregnant women and to complete treatment of cutaneous disease when b. anthracis is susceptible to penicillin, as is the case in the recent attacks. use of ciprofloxacin or doxycycline might be associated with adve ... | 2001 | 11724160 |
| molecular investigation of the aum shinrikyo anthrax release in kameido, japan. | in 1993, the aum shinrikyo cult aerosolized bacillus anthracis spores over kameido, japan. spore samples were obtained from the release site, cultured, and characterized by molecular genetic typing. the isolates were consistent with strain sterne 34f2, which is used in japan for animal prophylaxis against anthrax. | 2001 | 11724885 |
| bioterrorism watch. clinicians must be voice of reason, reassurance now that bioterrorism battle has been joined. | 2001 | 11725496 | |
| rapid anthrax test developed. | 2001 | 11726951 | |
| bioterrorism: a clear and present danger. | 2001 | 11726956 | |
| 'we're all working together.' new york-area hospitals redouble efforts in face of anthrax death. | the death of a new york hospital worker from inhalation anthrax last week put new strains on an overburdened public health system. the fact that no source of the bacteria could be found only added to the difficulties. hospitals along the east coast battled clinical, logistical and financial problems from the outbreak. | 2001 | 11727463 |
| bleach, gas, or foam? | 2001 | 11727474 | |
| early and aggressive treatment saves us anthrax victims. | 2001 | 11728555 | |
| taking anthrax's genetic fingerprints. | 2001 | 11729278 | |
| anthrax. can lab sleuths clinch the case? | 2001 | 11729279 | |
| a second anthrax genome project. | 2001 | 11729280 | |
| anthrax. a 'sure killer' yields to medicine. | 2001 | 11729281 | |
| us anti-bioterror efforts swiftly expanding. | 2001 | 11731763 | |
| fate of germinated bacillus anthracis spores in primary murine macrophages. | we investigated the fate of germinated bacillus anthracis spores after their germination in swiss murine peritoneal macrophages and in the cell line raw264.7. we found that the lethal toxin and the oedema toxin are germ-associated factors that are essential for the survival of the vegetative form in host cells. we also found that px02 is not involved in this complex pathogenic process. by transmission electron microscopy, we showed the tight interaction between the exosporium of the spore and th ... | 2001 | 11737637 |
| cutaneous anthrax: still a reality in india. | 2001 | 11737702 | |
| winter, plague and pestilence. | 2001 | 11737937 | |
| [bacillus anthracis and bioterrorism]. | 2001 | 11738001 | |
| in vitro resistance of bacillus anthracis sterne to doxycycline, macrolides and quinolones. | bacillus anthracis is a potential biological warfare agent. its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents currently recommended for the treatment of anthrax infection is a major concern. b. anthracis sterne was grown from a live veterinary vaccine and used it to test for the development of resistance after 21 sequential subcultures in sub-inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline and three quinolones (ciprofloxacin, alatrofloxacin and gatifloxacin) and 15 sequential subcultures in sub ... | 2001 | 11738344 |
| induction of hepatitis c virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in mice by immunization with dendritic cells treated with an anthrax toxin fusion protein. | as a novel and safe vaccine strategy, the anthrax toxin-mediated antigen delivery system composed of lethal factor (lf) fusion protein and protective antigen (pa) has been studied to prime hepatitis c virus (hcv) core-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) in vivo. the core epitope fused to lf (lf-core) together with pa induces a negligible core-specific ctl response in mice, whereas core-specific ctl are effectively primed in mice by injecting dendritic cells (dcs) treated in vitro with lf-cor ... | 2001 | 11738742 |
| anthrax vaccine: short-term safety experience in humans. | bacillus anthracis is the major terrorist and biological warfare agent of concern to civilian and military medical planners. the licensed anthrax vaccine, adsorbed (ava) is believed to be an effective prophylactic medical countermeasure against this threat. our objective in this report was to expand the safety database for this vaccine by assessing data on self-reported, short-term safety of ava during more than 25 years of use, measured by local and systemic adverse events temporally associated ... | 2001 | 11738765 |
| vaccines, biological warfare, and bioterrorism. | this article presents a brief history of the use of biological agents in warfare and bioterrorism. bacillus anthracis, smallpox virus, and yersinia pestis, historically have been and currently are considered the most likely candidates for potential use under these circumstances. this article discusses the clinical syndromes these agents cause and the role of vaccines in protection against them. | 2001 | 11739031 |
| edwin klebs's grundversuche. | in 1876, discussions of the role of microorganisms in disease causation focused on anthrax and wound infections, and even in respect to these diseases there was controversy. in a series of papers on the pathologicality of bacteria, edwin klebs identified four "grundversuche" (fundamental tests) that provided a basis for his own research strategy. the grundversuche can be read as the following hypotheses: first, all bacteria are pathological; second, bacteria never occur spontaneously; third, eve ... | 2001 | 11740130 |
| anthrax evidence implies us culprit. | 2001 | 11740513 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. investigation of anthrax associated with intentional exposure and interim public health guidelines, october 2001. | 2001 | 11757496 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. recognition of illness associated with the intentional release of a biologic agent. | 2001 | 11757497 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, october 2001. | 2001 | 11757528 | |
| cdc issues guidelines on illnesses associated with intentional release of biologic agents. | 2001 | 11759081 | |
| anthrax: a primer for practitioners. | 2001 | 11759435 | |
| anthrax vaccine: what you need to know. | 2001 | 11759436 | |
| evaluating the threat. | 2001 | 11759581 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax. | 2001 | 11759667 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to bacillus anthracis. | 2001 | 11759668 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. interim recommendations for protecting workers from exposure to bacillus anthracis in work sites in which mail is handled or processed. | 2001 | 11759669 | |
| smallpox and anthrax vaccine information. | 2001 | 11760366 | |
| [anthrax. description of symptoms, findings, diagnostics and treatment of infection]. | 2001 | 11760546 | |
| [anthrax transmission from patient to patient?]. | 2001 | 11760547 | |
| bioterrorism. implications for the occupational and environmental health nurse. | 1. bioterrorism is the intentional release of a biological agent--bacterial, viral, or genetically altered--to instill fear or create chaos, massive casualities, illness, and death in humans, animals, or plants. 2. the threat of bioterrorism is real. although every community is vulnerable, terrorists seek densely populated, highly visible targets. 3. occupational and environmental health nurses must to be able to recognize and report signs and symptoms of an early bioweapons outbreak in their wo ... | 2001 | 11760706 |
| overlooked in cipro hype: other anti-anthrax meds. | 2001 | 11761591 | |
| wv department of health and human services. information for physicians: anthrax. | 2001 | 11761656 | |
| how much is enough? aha, lawmakers debate federal funding for bioterrorism preparation. | the anthrax outbreak was just the beginning. recently the nation's hospitals got their first taste of dealing with a bioterrorism attack. and as fears of different terrorist onslaughts escalate, healthcare providers struggle to answer questions they never faced before--and to anticipate new ones. | 2001 | 11761733 |
| anthrax: walking the fine line between precaution and panic. | 2001 | 11762587 | |
| clinicians must be voice of reason, reassurance now that bioterrorism battle has been joined. | 2001 | 11763593 | |
| cdc broadcast aims to improve clinicians' grasp of anthrax issues. | 2001 | 11763795 | |
| special health care team screens postal workers for anthrax. | 2001 | 11763796 | |
| ciprofloxacin frenzy. | 2001 | 11763803 | |
| pharmacy preparedness for incidents involving weapons of mass destruction. | recent worldwide terrorist acts and hoaxes have heightened awareness that incidents involving weapons of mass destruction (wmd) may occur in the united states. with federal funding assistance, local domestic preparedness programs have been initiated to train and equip emergency services and emergency department personnel in the management of large numbers of casualties exposed to nuclear, biological, or chemical (nbc) agents. hospital pharmacies will be required to provide antidotes, antibiotics ... | 2001 | 11763806 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis. | 2001 | 11763846 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. considerations for distinguishing influenza-like illness from inhalational anthrax. | 2001 | 11763847 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. interim guidelines for investigation of and response to bacillus anthracis exposures. | 2001 | 11763848 | |
| jama patient page. anthrax. | 2001 | 11763849 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001. | 2001 | 11763854 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and breastfeeding mothers and treatment of children with anthrax. | 2001 | 11763855 | |
| cdc updates interim guidelines for anthrax exposure management and antimicrobial therapy. | 2001 | 11764868 | |
| september 11. | 2001 | 11765105 | |
| biological and chemical terrorism: recognition and management. | primary care physicians will be on the front line in detecting and managing any future terrorist attacks that use chemical or biological agents. this article reviews how to recognize and treat disease caused by exposure to nerve agents, blistering agents, hydrogen cyanide, ricin, anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin. | 2001 | 11765118 |
| bioterrorism: an unintended boost to public health? | 2001 | 11765120 | |
| bioterrorism: what practicing physicians can do. | 2001 | 11765124 | |
| cashing in on fear. | 2001 | 11765372 | |
| [anthrax and carbuncle]. | anthrax is a name given in french language to two distinct infectious diseases. one corresponds to carbuncle which is a collection of boils. the other one corresponds to the english term anthrax. this condition has a clinical presentation and an outcome that vary according to the inoculation site being cutaneous, pulmonary or digestive, and to the bacterial and toxin spread in the body. | 2001 | 11765578 |
| bioterrorism: defending the public's health in a time of national crisis. | 2001 | 11765711 | |
| pasteur returns. | 2001 | 11766555 | |
| anthrax. | 2001 | 11766556 | |
| old biological threats. | 2001 | 11766557 | |
| the anthrax detectives. | 2001 | 11767897 | |
| anthrax, bioterrorism fears stimulate immune, other research. | 2001 | 11768882 | |
| are you ready for anthrax, or worse? you must revamp your bioterrorism plan. | a study has shown that eds are unprepared to handle mass casualties of bioterrorism, and plans must be revamped. alternate care and triage areas must be selected in advance and may include parking lots and hallways between buildings. care for contaminated patients in areas that can be abandoned, so regular patient care areas are not disrupted. have a system in place to decontaminate patients before they enter the ed. | 2001 | 11769134 |
| [infectious diseases as a weapon: vigilance is needed]. | the deliberate inclusion of bacillus anthracis spores in mail has led to several cases of anthrax in the usa of which to date four have been fatal. shortly before these incidents, the health council of the netherlands had issued an advisory document which stressed the need for a well-established infrastructure and rigorous protocols so that an immediate and adequate response to cases of bioterrorism could be ensured. physicians are expected to know the characteristics of the relevant diseases an ... | 2001 | 11770262 |
| [anthrax due to deliberate infection]. | anthrax is a zoonosis which is particularly prevalent in cattle, goats and sheep and is caused by bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive spore forming aerobic microorganism. the endospores can survive outside of the body for many decades. the natural form of anthrax has a cutaneous, pulmonary and intestinal form. the pulmonary form can be rapidly fatal but is difficult to recognise due to an initially non-specific, flu-like clinical picture. as a result of spores being inhaled, a mediastinal lympha ... | 2001 | 11770263 |
| [female patient with cutaneous anthrax in belgium]. | a 23-year-old turkish woman was admitted with an infection of the left thumb. the clinical picture was typical for cutaneous anthrax. microbiological tests confirmed the diagnosis 'infection by bacillus anthracis'. she recovered when treated with penicillin, although later tests revealed that the bacteria were resistant to this antibiotic. the patient became infected in belgium as a result of wounding herself on the teeth of an illegally slaughtered sheep, which had possibly become infected in t ... | 2001 | 11770267 |
| update: investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax--connecticut, 2001. | cdc and state and local health departments continue investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. this report revises the number of suspected cases and updates the investigation of a 94-year-old connecticut (ct) resident who died from inhalational anthrax. | 2001 | 11770501 |
| use of onsite technologies for rapidly assessing environmental bacillus anthracis contamination on surfaces in buildings. | environmental sampling to ascertain the presence of bacillus anthracis spores in buildings is an important tool for assessing risk for exposure. similar to diagnostic testing, culture with positive identification of b. anthracis (cdc culture method) is the confirmatory test. laboratory-based polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods for detecting genetic material of b. anthracis can be used in preliminary assessments and as adjuncts to microbiologic methods. although these tests are consistent wit ... | 2001 | 11770505 |
| systemic toxins. signs, symptoms & management of patients in septic shock. | 2001 | 11771375 | |
| is anthrax the next lyme disease? | 2001 | 11771484 | |
| the science of louis pasteur: a reconsideration. | 2001 | 11291570 | |
| search for correlates of protective immunity conferred by anthrax vaccine. | vaccination by anthrax protective antigen (pa)-based vaccines requires multiple immunization, underlying the need to develop more efficacious vaccines or alternative vaccination regimens. in spite of the vast use of pa-based vaccines, the definition of a marker for protective immunity is still lacking. here we describe studies designed to help define such markers. to this end we have immunized guinea pigs by different methods and monitored the immune response and the corresponding extent of prot ... | 2001 | 11292703 |
| role of furin in delivery of a ctl epitope of an anthrax toxin-fusion protein. | anthrax toxin lethal factor (lf) in combination with anthrax toxin protective antigen (pa) was endocytosed and translocated to the cytosol of mammalian cells. residues 1-255 of anthrax toxin lethal factor (lfn) was fused to a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope of an influenza virus. for processing the toxins, pa must be cleaved into a 63-kda fragment (pa63) by furin, which is a subtilisin-like processing endo-protease expressed by many eukaryotic cells. to test the ability of cells treated wit ... | 2001 | 11293477 |
| bioterrorism. | 2001 | 11294966 | |
| a tandem repeats database for bacterial genomes: application to the genotyping of yersinia pestis and bacillus anthracis. | some pathogenic bacteria are genetically very homogeneous, making strain discrimination difficult. in the last few years, tandem repeats have been increasingly recognized as markers of choice for genotyping a number of pathogens. the rapid evolution of these structures appears to contribute to the phenotypic flexibility of pathogens. the availability of whole-genome sequences has opened the way to the systematic evaluation of tandem repeats diversity and application to epidemiological studies. | 2001 | 11299044 |
| efficacy of a human anthrax vaccine in guinea pigs, rabbits, and rhesus macaques against challenge by bacillus anthracis isolates of diverse geographical origin. | the efficacy of a licensed human anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed (ava)) was tested in guinea pigs, rabbits, and rhesus macaques against spore challenge by bacillus anthracis isolates of diverse geographical origin. initially, groups of hartley guinea pigs were vaccinated at 0 and 4 weeks with ava, then challenged intramuscularly at 10 weeks with spores from 33 isolates of b. anthracis. survival among the vaccinated groups varied from 6 to 100%, although there were no differences in mea ... | 2001 | 11312020 |
| genetic, physical, and transcript map of the ltxs1 region of mouse chromosome 11. | lethal factor (lf) is a toxin secreted by bacillus anthracis that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of anthrax. intoxication with lf results in a macrophage-specific cytolysis that is not well understood. interestingly, inbred mouse strains exhibit dramatic differences in the susceptibility of their cultured macrophages to killing by lf, and a gene that influences this phenotype, called ltxs1, has been mapped to mouse chromosome 11. here we report a high-resolution genetic map that con ... | 2001 | 11318612 |
| a general strategy for identification of s-layer genes in the bacillus cereus group: molecular characterization of such a gene in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae nrrl 4045. | despite its possible role in virulence, there has been little molecular characterization of members of the s-layer protein family of the bacillus cereus group. it is hypothesized that the components of the s-layers are likely to display similar anchoring structures in bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. based on inferred sequence similarities, a dna fragment encoding the cell-wall-anchoring domain of an s-layer component of bac: thuringiensis subsp. galleriae nrrl 4045 was isolated. t ... | 2001 | 11320137 |
| cutaneous anthrax of the eyelid. | 2001 | 11324894 | |
| dominant-negative mutants of a toxin subunit: an approach to therapy of anthrax. | the protective antigen moiety of anthrax toxin translocates the toxin's enzymic moieties to the cytosol of mammalian cells by a mechanism that depends on its ability to heptamerize and insert into membranes. we identified dominant-negative mutants of protective antigen that co-assemble with the wild-type protein and block its ability to translocate the enzymic moieties across membranes. these mutants strongly inhibited toxin action in cell culture and in an animal intoxication model, suggesting ... | 2001 | 11326092 |
| delayed life-threatening reaction to anthrax vaccine. | background: anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium bacillus anthracis. due to the current world threat of unpredictable biological terrorism, the department of defense has mandated the systematic vaccination of all us military personnel against this warfare agent. many may experience al mild flu-like illness and soreness at the injection site, but systemic reactions are rare. case report: we report a delayed and potentially serious life-threatening adverse r ... | 2001 | 11327232 |
| use of anthrax vaccine in the united states: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. | these recommendations concern the use of aluminum hydroxide adsorbed cell-free anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed [ava], bioport corporation, lansing, mi) in the united states for protection against disease caused by bacillus anthracis. in addition, information is included regarding the use of chemoprophylaxis against b. anthracis. | 2001 | 11327233 |