Publications

preparation of a purified antigenic cholera toxoid.	purified cholera enterotoxin was prepared by methods described by finkelstein and lo spalluto (1970). this toxin was detoxified by treatment with heat and formaldehyde. heating cholera toxin at 60 c for 25 min resulted in the formation of a polymer named procholeragenoid by finkelstein et al. (1971). the weak toxic activity of this product was removed by treatment with formalin. no residual toxicity could be demonstrated in formalinized procholeragenoid by the rabbit ileal loop assay and the hig ...	1976	823107
development of a purified cholera toxoid. iii. refinements in purification of toxin and methods for the determination of residual somatic antigen.	the addition of an ultrafiltration step to the purification procedures previously described for cholera toxin (rappaport et al., (1974) permitted the preparation of highly purified antigenic toxoids essentially free of somatic antigen(s). the purity of such toxoids is established: (i) by the absence of more than about one part limulus amebocyte lysate (lal)-positive endotoxin per 10(5) parts toxoid and (ii) by the inability of the toxoids to elicit a significant rise in rabbit vibriocidal antib ...	1976	823117
[role of l-forms of bacteria and mycoplasma in the etiology and pathogenesis of several acute and chronic diseases].		1976	823732
[cholera].		1976	824378
an evaluation of commercial thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (tcbs).		1976	825501
malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). 1. induction of protein, b-vitamin complex and calorie malnutrition.	five groups of eight vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (lp), low b-vitamin complex (lbv), low protein - low b-vitamin complex (lb-lbv), or protein - low calorie (lp-lc) diet, respectively, for eight weeks. hematocrit values, hemoglobin, bun, total protein, albumin, riboflavin and body weight decreased, the ratio of dispensable/indispensable amino acids increased in all animals receiving a deficient diet. total globulin, igg and igm remained unchang ...	1976	826634
malnutrition and susceptibility to infection with vibrio cholerae in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). 2. response of vervet monkeys on protein, b-vitamin complex and calorie-deficient diets to infection.	five groups of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were fed regular monkey chow, low protein (lp), low b-vitamin complex (lbv), lp-lbv, or low protein- low calorie (lp-lc) diets, respectively. after eight weeks the animals were infected with cholera vibrios. igg, iga and igm increased in the sera of all animals after the challenge but the avidity of the immunoglobulins was lower in vervets on lp diets. diarrhea and excretion of vibrios lasted longer in animals consuming less protein.	1976	828672
radiation therapy and immunotherapy: the value of immunotherapy in the control of local and regional cancer.		1976	769945
[cholera].		1976	772354
[so-called mucoid forms of vibrio cholerae].	the authors present materials indicating that examination of nonagglutinating vibrios in the agglutination reaction with cholera sera after boiling, according to sakazaki recommendation (1971), did not provide recognition of mucoid forms of cholera vibrio and its differentiation from cholera-like vibrios of other serological groups. it is suggested that one should take into consideration morphological peculiarities of the culture, stability of agglutination with cholera o-serum and the results o ...	1976	773060
cellular events involved in the true primary immune response of splenocytes in vitro.	an antibody response showing characteristics of a "true" primary response was readily induced in vitro with splenocytes from normal non-immunized animals cultured with strongly immunogenic vibrio cholerae somatic antigens. prior studies have shown that the response to vibrios in intact animals appeared to be a true primary response since no pre-existing antibody forming cells were present in non-immunized animals and the antigen induced response, following a lag of two days, resulted thereafter ...	1976	773113
[use of media with antibiotics for isolating resistant forms of the cholera vibrios].	higher stability of resistance to tetracycline in the polyresistant strain of v. eltor under conditions of macroorganism as compared to nutrient media was found experimentally. to increase isolation of the resistant forms of the cholera vibrio it was recommended to use agar with tetracycline or other antibiotics depending on the particular case in addition to the routine media.	1976	776072
vibrio cholerae infection and immunity in mice.	lyophilized cultures of v. cholerae 569b slowly lose their virulence for neonatal and adult mice during long term storage. following a single passage in orally infected 6-day old mice, a highly virulent strain (designated 569b/mp) was isolated. this organism causes rapidly fatal intestinal infections in 6-day old mice; large numbers can be isolated in pure culture from the intestinal fluid. freezing and storage at -60 degrees of dead animal provides a simple means of maintaining the high virulen ...	1976	779744
adhesive properties of vibrio cholerae: nature of the interaction with intact mucosal surfaces.	two companion papers in this series have characterized the interaction between vibrio cholerae and the surfaces of eukaryotic cells. the present paper reports studies of the association between vibrios or salmonella enteritidis and intact slices of intestinal tissue. a significant number of differences were noted in the characteristics of bacterial adhesion in these systems. the results are interpreted to indicate the presence of at least two receptors for vibrio adhesion on the mucosal surface ...	1976	780274
challenge of dogs with live enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and effects of repeated challenges on fluid secretion in jejunal thiry-vella loops.	dogs were evaluated as experimental models for the study of diarrheal disease produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. although a suitable whole model for orogastric bacterial challenge could not be developed, chronic jejunal thiry-vella loops were used to study the secretory effects of multiple jejunal challenges with enterotoxin of either vibrio cholerae or e. coli. the heat-stable and heat-labile e. coli enterotoxins could be differentiated clearly in this model. sequential weekly challe ...	1976	781145
efficacy of a live oral cholera vaccine in human volunteers.	a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine has been given to volunteers with complete safety. the vaccine strain appeared to multiply significantly in intestinal contents and to result in appreciable vibriocidal antibody response. subsequent challenge with virulent inaba vibrios demonstrated substantial protection from clinical illness and from vibrio shedding. the possibility of reversion to toxin production is discussed.	1976	782960
immunological probes into the mechanism of cholera toxin action.	the use of antibodies to specific cell surface proteins or to ligands which interact with cell surface receptors is a powerful tool for analyzing the properties of membrane proteins and the consequences of specific cell surface ligand-receptor interactions. two central observations concerning membrane structure and function, - the diffusibility of membrane proteins (1) and ligand-triggered modulation of specific receptors (2), have derived from the use of antibodies to analyze the properties of ...	1976	786864
differential biological characteristics of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli enterotoxins.		1976	786870
isolation of skin permeability factors from culture filtrates of salmonella typhimurium.	engerotoxins isolated from vibrio cholerae and toxigenic escherichia coli cause permeability alterations in rabbit skin. firm induration and erythema are observed within 18 to 24 h, and visualization of the reaction may be enhanced by intravenous injection of pontamine sky blue dye. two skin permeability factors (pf) have been found in culture filtrates of salmonella typhimurium. a rapid acting factor, produced optimally in brain heart infusion broth at 37 degrees c by numerous salmonella specie ...	1976	786890
effect of enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 on fluid and electrolyte transport in the colon.	experiments were designed to determine whether the enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 alter the movement of fluid and electrolytes in the rat cecum. net secretion of water and sodium were observed after incubation of 1.67 x10(-5) mug of purified cholera toxin (choleragen)/ml for 18 hr or of 50 mug/ml for 3 hr. the effect of choleragen on cecal transport of water and electrolytes was related to the dose. in addition, choleragen increased cecal mucos ...	1976	787442
blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia (cml). ii. cell surface marker analysis of "lymphoid" and myeloid cases.	fourteen cases of philadelphia chromosome (ph1) positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast transformation have been investigated using cell surface markers. morphologically eight cases were lymphoid and the remainder myeloid in appearance. all cases were negative with surface markers for thymocytes and t and b lymphocytes. five of the lymphoid cases reacted with an antiserum specific for acute lymphoid leukaemia )all) of non-t non-b type and were also weakly reactive with a lymphocyte reactive ...	1976	788772
correlations between humoral immunity and successful chemotherapy-immunotherapy.	experiments were designed to evaluate the characteristics of the humoral immune response induced by active immunotherapy, both specific (neuraminidase-treated tumore cells) and nonspecific (bacillus calmette-guérin organisms), in the l1210-c57bl/6 x dba/2f tumor-host system. tumor burden was minimized with chemotherapy (1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) prior to immunotherapy. a marked increase in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins (immunoglobulin m, immunoglobulin g, and immunoglob ...	1976	788896
neutralizing antibodies against escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins in human milk from a developing country.	by means of the adrenal cell assay and the rabbit small-bowel loop technique enterotoxin-neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in all investigated milk samples from severely undernourished pakistani women but, with a single exception, not in milk from swedish mothers. the antibodies belonged to the iga and igg classes as observed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which also revealed secretory component on specific enterotoxin antibodies, showing that the iga antibodies were primarily ...	1976	790543
[effect of cholera vibrio and escherichia coli enterotoxins on human thrombocyte aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate].		1976	790824
effects of doxycycline in actively purging cholera patients: a double-blind clinical trial.	in 51 actively purging cholera patients the efficacy of doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline, was compared with a placebo and tetracycline hydrochloride. seventeen patients who were given doxycycline at the recommended dose of 2 mg/kg at the beginning of the study, at 12 h, and at the repeated dose once daily purged a mean volume of 5.1 liters of stool and received an average of 5.7 liters of intravenous fluid. nineteen patients receiving the placebo purged 10.1 liters of stool and received 9 ...	1976	791107
differential expression of cell surface binding sites for cholera toxin in acute and chronic leukaemias.	binding of purified cholera toxin to cell surface receptors has been visualized by an indirect immunofluorescence procedure. normal nucleated cells from blood, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, express these receptors with the possible exception of erythroid precursors. cells from patients with chronic lymphoid or myeloid leukaemias have a normal receptor expression but acute leukaemic cells showed a marked deficiency in cholera toxin binding. insertion of purified gm ganglioside into membranes ...	1976	791345
the problem of bacterial diarrhoea.	the reported incidence of "pathogenic" bacteria, as judged by serotype, in the stools of children with acute diarrhoea has varied from 4 to 33% over the last twenty years. techniques such as tissue culture provide a means for detecting enterotoxin-producing strains of bacteria, strains which often do not possess "pathogenic" serotypes. "pathogenicity" requires redefinition, and the aetiological importance of bacteria in diarrhoea is probably considerably greater than previous reports have indica ...	1976	791597
taking science where the diarrhoea is.	with attack rates exceeding two episodes per year in the young diarrhoea with attendant dehydration is by far the major single killer in the developing world. an invariable accompaniment of the more insidious and chronic protein-energy malnutrition (pem), diarrhoea is itself an acute form of malnutrition: fluid-electrolyte malnutrition (fem). scientific attention to fem has focused heavily on mechanisms of pathogenesis and disordered physiology, often to the neglect of preventive and effective c ...	1976	791598
the nature and action of cholera toxin.	cholera diarrhoea is due to the action of a toxin that acts on all animal cells by stimulating the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which catalyses the production oc cyclic amp from atp. in intestinal brush border cells raised cyclic amp levels result in increased secretion of chloride ions, leading to fluid accumulation in the gut. escherichia coli produces a similar toxin. the receptor for cholera toxin on the cell membrane appears to be a complex containing the ganglioside ggnslc (or gm1). cholera t ...	1976	791600
[method for the quantitative determination of penicillin acylase activity by the formation of phenylacetic acid].	the quantitative method for determination of penicillinacylase activity is described. the method is based on detection of phenylacetic acid (paa) formed during hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin. paa is extracted with toluol and nitrated with potassium nitrate solution in concentrated sulphuric acid followed by reduction of nitrophenylacetic acid into aminophenylacetic acid with zinc powder. aminophenylacetic acid interacts with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in acid medium forming a coloured compound ...	1976	793510
[determination of the activity of vibrio cholerae antibodies in human and animal sera by means of the bactericidal test].		1976	794601
[enterobacterial enterotoxins].		1976	795228
analysis of human leukaemic cells using cell surface binding probes and the fluorescence activated cell sorter.	cell surface binding fluorescent ligands have been used to distinguish between different types of leukaemic cells and between leukaemic cells and their presumed normal counterparts or progenitors. binding of these probes was evaluated using the fluorescence activated cell sorter (facs) which provides both rapid, objective and quantitative recording of fluorescent signals from individual cells plus physical separation of cells of particular interest. binding sites for cholera toxin (monosialogang ...	1976	795743
studies on the effect of phytagglutinins on some members of enterobacteriaceae.	extracts of twenty seeds were tested against twenty six organisms belonging to klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella and cholera species. extracts of eleven seeds showed agglutinating activity against twenty four various organism. s. typhi and kl. aerogenes did not react against any lectin. on the basis of the results it was possible to differentiate various shigella and salmonella organisms by various seed extracts. different isolates of cholera organisms of same serotype and phage type sho ...	1976	796502
[practical interest of a micromethod for neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes in transplantation immunology (author's transl)].	vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment increases the cell sensitivity to complement and antibodies cytotoxic action. this property can be applied to the microlymphocytotoxicity technic for antibodies study in dialysed and kidney transplanted patients and for pretransplantation cross-matches. the enzymatic treatment usually employed needs a great deal of lymphocytes submitted in a second step to antibodies cytotoxic action. but this method appeared difficult to be routinely applied. we developed ...	1976	796790
[possible use of the platelet as the cell system for the control of enteropathogenicity of e. coli and of other enterobacteria. preliminary approach].	after an introduction concerning the assays employed in vitro and in vivo to determine enterotoxigenic activity of e. coli, the a. suggests a new in vitro model as a preliminary approach based upon the influence of lt enterotoxin of escherichia coli on platelet aggregation (inhibitory effect) as expression of stimulation of adenylatecyclase activity evoked by this fraction and eventually other cholera-like fractions released from enterobacteria.	1976	797394
interactions of choleragenoid and gm1 ganglioside with enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli in cultured adrenal cells.	the heat-labile enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli induce morphologic changes and steroidogenesis in clonal lines of adrenal tumor cells in tissue culture; these effects are preventable by prior incubation of either toxin with gm1 ganglioside (galactosyl-n-acetylgalactosaminyl [sialosyl] lactosyl ceramide; ggnslc) but are not preventable by prior incubation of adrenal cells with choleragenoid. choleragenoid, however, is capable of interfering with the ability of gm1 ganglioside ...	1976	768385
isolation and properties of heat-labile enterotoxin(s) from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.	various techniques have been applied to the detection of skin reactivity associated with heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxin in fermenter-grown cultures of enterotoxigenic strains in syncase medium and in trypticase soy broth. isolated products that were homogeneous, as determined by disc electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, differed immunologically and in physicochemical characteristics depending on the strain and medium used, even though the products had similar ...	1976	768386
purification of heat-labile enterotoxin from escherichia coli o78:h11 by affinity chromatography with antserum to vibrio cholerae toxin.	concentrated culture filtrate of escherichia coli o78:h11, strain h10407, was applied to an affinity column prepared with igg antibodies to the toxin of vibrio cholerae. elution of the retained material with 3 m kcns yielded a nonenterotoxic protein that precipitated with antiserum to v. cholerae toxin and had three major protein components on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, two protein components were observed. elution of the affinity column with 5 m guanidi ...	1976	768387
activation of heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxin by trypsin.	trypsin-treated, cell-free filtrates derived from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, strain h197 (o78:h11), exhibited a fourfold or greater increase in heat-labile vascular permeability factor activity and a 10-fold or greater increase in the ability to stimulate secretion of growth hormone by cultured rat pituitary cells. in contrast, trypsin-treated filtrates were not different from untreated filtrates in their ability to elicit a secretory response in ligated rabbit intestinal loops. however, ...	1976	768388
[the diuretic action of morphine in rats].		1976	179647
[role of bioenergetic changes in the mechanism of action of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents].	in experiments on rats the antiphlogistic action of sodium mephenaminate and salicylate was found to be more pronounced under conditions of ovalbumin than that of dextran inflammation. the antiphlogistic effect of sodium salicylate was greater than that of mephenaminate in ovalbumin inflammation; this correlated with a more marked drop in the content of lactic acid in the blood and with a more complete elimination of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in the hepatic mitochondria than in cas ...	1976	179649
arginyl-trna synthetase from baker's yeast. purification and some properties.	arginyl-trna synthetase from baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain 836) was obtained pure by a large-scale preparative method, which involves four chromatographic columns and one preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic step. the enzyme has a high specific activity (9000 u/mg) and consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight approximately 73000 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate. amino acid analysis of the e ...	1976	179818
biochemical and mechanical effects of phenylephrine on the heart.	injections of phenylephrine into isolated perfused guinea pig hearts increased cyclic amp and phosphorylase a. reserpine pretreatment or propranolol decreased or abolished the phenylephrine-induced biochemical changes without affecting the contractile response. phentolamine, on the other hand, shifted the phenylephrine dose-response curve for contractility to the right without affecting the other parameters. the biochemical effects of phenylephrine are apparently due to the release of noradrenal ...	1976	179825
[radioreceptor assay of gonadotropin].		1976	180307
sodium-stimulated alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport by membrane vesicles from simian virus-transformed mouse cells.	uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, by membrane vesicles derived principally from the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of mouse 3t3 cells transformed by simian virus 40, is stimulated by sodium chloride. both in the presence and absence of na+ uptake is time-dependent and osmotically sensitive. the na+-stimulated uptake is inhibited by other amino acids. the kinetics of transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid are shown to be biphasic both in whole cells and in the membrane vesicles. o ...	1976	180527
histochemistry of oxidative enzymes in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.	the histoenzymic pattern of oxidative enzymes (g3pd, idh, sd, g6pd,hbd, nadph: dehydrogenase) was investigated in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) produced in rats according to paterson [13]. the results obtained lead to following conclusions: (1) the neuroglia, including the white matter oligodendroglia of immunized rats, exhibits increased oxidoreductase activities; (2) the neuroallergic reaction induces some stimulation of the oxidoreductive metabolism of oligoden-droglia; (3) th ...	1976	186370
microtubule assembly in cultivated greene melanoma cells is stimulated by dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate or cholera toxin.	both dibutyryl cyclic amp (dbcamp) and cholera toxin promote the formation and elongation of processes of cultivated greene hamster melanoma cells. the formation and maintenance of these processes, which contain many microtubules, are sensitive to colcemid and vinblastine. tubulin was measured by [3h]colchicine binding and by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. we found that dbcamp or cholera toxin increases the ratio of polymerized to unpolymerized tubulin but not the total amount of tubulin per ce ...	1976	186462
plasma 16 beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone in normal and pathological conditions in man.	plasma 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16 beta-oh-dhea) levels in normal subjects and patients with certain pathological conditions have been evaluated using radioimmunoassay of the steroid. plasma 16 beta-oh-dhea levels in normal subjects rose sharply during adolescence and then declined slowly throughout adult life: 192 +/- 54 (se) pg/ml between 7 and 11 yrs., 395 +/- 22 pg/ml between 15 and 19 yrs, 330 +/- 29 pg/ml between 20 and 39 yrs., 291 +/- 35 pg/ml between 40 and 59 yrs., and 124 ...	1976	186475
the release of endogenous amino acids from the rat visual cortex.	the release of endogenous taurine, gaba, glycine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine and alanine from the rat visual cortex was measured using a cortical cup technique. the electrocorticogram (ecog) was monitored throughout most experiments. 2. spreading depression, evoked by the dropwise placement of 10% kcl solution on to the brain outside the cup was associated with a significant increase in the release of gaba and glutamine but a marked fall in that of glutamate. the evoked release of gaba and ...	1976	186588
proteolytic enzyme activity in the granulation tissue of the human burn wound.	a procedure for adsorbing enzymes from the human burn wound onto solid sheets of substrate is described. using this technique, low levels of enzyme activity with chymotrypsin-like specificity can be demonstrated in the wound approximately 2 weeks after injury. this activity disappears at about 5 weeks after the burn. the enzyme activity corresponds with the clinical experience for the time course of natural loss of the burn eschar. a trypsin-like enzyme of very low level activity is present in t ...	1976	186629
effects of cholera exotoxin on the mitochondrial morphology of lymphoid cells and mononuclear phagocytes.		1976	186665
[behavior of certain parameters of lipid and energy metabolism. 3. relationships between cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and acetyl coenzyme a in liver of growing rats deduced from model experiments with diets differeing in fat content].	schemes of the lipid and the pyruvate metabolism serve to show that a great part of the enzymes which intervence in the metabolic pathways and are associated with the formation and the consumption of acetyl coenzyme a may be regulated by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) in the sense of activation or inhibition. the camp increase in the liver, which has been demonstrated in the present study for a diet containing 25% of fat, opens the metabolic pathway to the formation of acetyl coenzy ...	1976	186712
[infections transmitted in swimming pools].	public swimmingpools can be the source of infections due to micro-organism such as mycobacterium balnei, adeno and enteroviruses, the virus of plantar warts and molluscum contagiosum, the tric-agent of swimmingpool-conjonctivitis and pathogenic fungi. the transmission of trichomonas vaginalis is considered unlikely-water of pools, supposed to present satisfactory qualities by standard controls, was found to contain pathogenic staphylococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa. effective preventive measure ...	1976	186978
differential effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on prostaglandin e2 binding and on prostaglandin- or cholera toxin-induced cyclic amp accumulation in the rabbit uterus.	cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) activity in rabbit uterine homogenate was inhibited by indomethacin (10 mug/ml; 66% inhibition) or flufenamic and (10 mug/ml; 60%). indomethacin (100 mug/ml) reduced uterine prostaglandin e2 (pge2) content by 80%, but potentiated the stimulatory action of purified cholera toxin (choleragen; 800%) and of exogenous pge2 (140%) on cyclic amp accumulation, probably through its inhibitory effect on cyclic amp destruction. these findings suggest that end ...	1976	187046
[subcspsular blastema of the adrenal cortex of the swine (sus scrofula domestica) after continuous acth long-term application].		1976	187085
transfer of parental immunity to infectious laryngotracheitis in chicks.	the transfer of parental immunity to infectious laryngotracheitis was appraised by measuring serum antibody levels in 150 chicks from the day of hatch up to five weeks. the breeder flock which had received primary vaccination at eight weeks and a booster at 20 weeks transferred high antibody levels which fell markedly within two weeks and remained constant thereafter. chicks whose parents were vaccinated at 20 weeks only, had low antibody levels throughout. these low levels, in either group of c ...	1976	187298
[symptomatology of diseases caused by c1. perfringens].		1976	178949
[antibodies to viral antigens in rheumatoid arthritis].		1976	179153
viral diseases of cats: current concepts.		1976	179185
positive inotropic activity of cholera enterotoxin on the embryonic chick heart.	the characteristics of the positive inotropic effect of different preparations of cholera toxin on the isolated 4-day-old embryonic chick heart were investigated. crude (cct) as well as partially purified and purified (pct)preparations of cholera toxin were shown to have positive inotropic activity. contractility was increased within 1 minute and reached a maximum at approximately 40 minutes after exposure to toxin. activities of all three toxin preparations were abolished by heating, their effe ...	1976	177757
functional incorporation of ganglioside into intact cells: induction of choleragen responsiveness.	nctc 2071 cells are unable to synthesize the monosialoganglioside gm1. when grown in chemically defined medium these cells contained no detectable gm1 and did not accumulate 3': 5'-cyclic amp in response to choleragen. incubation of the cells with [3h]gm1 permitted quantification of ganglioside uptake which was dependent on time and concentration of [3h]gm1 in the medium. responsiveness to choleragen was demonstrated with binding of as few as 17,000 molecules of [3h]gm1 per cell; a maximal respo ...	1976	177969
pregnancy interrupting effects of some bacterial toxins.	embryotoxic properties of shigella dysenteriae and clostridium perfringens toxins, of e. coli endotoxin, v. cholerase and e. coli enterotoxins were compared in mice. e. coli endotoxin has embryotoxic effects at all stages of pregnancy. e. coli enterotoxin v. cholerae enterotoxin and shigella dysenteriae toxin are most effective mainly at earlier stages of pregnancy. clostridium perfringens toxin has no embryotoxic effect.	1976	178014
monolayer cultures of normal adult rat adrenocortical cells: steroidogenic responses to nucleotides, bacterial toxins and antimicrotubular agents.	monolayer cultures of normal rat adrenocortical cells were treated with agents which stimulate steroidogenesis by y-1 adrenal tumour cells. choleragen was active, whereas cyclic nucleotides other than cyclic amp, bacterial endotoxins and antimicrotubular agents were inactive.	1976	178525
activation of intestinal mucosal adenylate cyclase by shigella dysenteriae i enterotoxin.	because the mechanism whereby shigella dysenteriae i enterotoxin induces intestinal secretion is unclear, the effect of this toxin on adenylate cyclase activity in rabbit ileal mucosa was studied under various in vitro and in vivo conditions. activation of adenylate cyclase by shigella enterotoxin was observed only when substrate (atp) concentrations above the km of adenylate cyclase were employed. these concentrations of atp are greater than those required to demonstrate activation of adenylate ...	1976	178569
effects of cholera enterotoxin, glucagon, and dibutyryl cyclic amp on rat liver alkaline phosphatase, bile flow, and bile composition.	cholera enterotoxin, 45 mug per 250 g body weight, administered intravenously to rats, caused a 6-fold rise in the activity of liver alkaline phosphatase in 12 hr. there was no change in bile volume or in the concentration or total bile content of na+, k+, hco3-, or cl- for 36 hr after the administration of cholera toxin. however, bile phospholipid output fell markedly from a control level of 15.0 +/- 1.0 mumol per 6 hr to a low level of 4.0 +/- 1.2 mumol per 6 hr in the 12- to 18-hr collection, ...	1976	176082
immune host response to corneal grafts sensitized to herpes simplex virus.	experiments were performed to study the fate of corneal grafts sensitized to herpes antigens when grafted to hsv-sensitized hosts. nonsensitized grafts in systemically sensitized hosts remained clear, whereas all locally sensitized grafts in systemically sensitized hosts became opaque within ten days. the stroma showed severe lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and neovascularization. one-half of the corneas from systemically sensitized hosts grafted to eyes previously infected opacified in ...	1976	176129
activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin in rat liver homogenates.	the effect of cholera toxin on adenylate cyclase from rat liver has been studied in a broken cell preparation. the activation of the enzyme in this in vitro preparation requires the addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) to the incubation medium and the presence of cell components other than the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. once the activation of the cyclase is produced, the effect persists despite repeated washing or solubilization of the enzyme. the effect can be obtained wit ...	1976	176181
mechanism of activation adenylate cyclase in vitro by polymyxin-released, heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli.	heat-labile enterotoxic material released from escherichia coli by polymyxin b activates the adenylate cyclase of pigeon erythrocyte ghosts in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. the activation requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, adenosine triphosphate, and another component of the erythrocyte supernatant. the active species has a molecular weight of about 23,000-24,000 daltons, is inhibited by antibodies to the toxin of vibrio cholerae, and is not irreversibly denatured by sodiu ...	1976	176279
mode of action of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin in cultured adrenal tumor cells.	the effects of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on steroidogenesis and on formation of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cyclic amp) in two adrenal tumor cell lines were compared. steroidogenesis was half-maximal at concentrations of 1 ng of cholera toxin/ml in the mutant os-3 cells and 3 ng of cholera toxin/ml in the parent y-1 cells. at the end of an 8-hr incubation, toxin-induced formation of cyclic amp in the mutant cell line was reduced by 90%. a molar ratio of gm1 ganglioside (galactosyl-n-acet ...	1976	176280
multiple roles of erythrocyte supernatant in the activation of adenylate cyclase by vibrio cholerae toxin in vitro.	peptide a1 of vibrio cholerae toxin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, adenosine triphosphate, and a soluble protein present in erythrocyte supernatant are required for the activation of pigeon erythrocyte ghost adenylate cyclase but are not required to maintain the activated state. the compounds are all required simultaneously, and when all are added to ghosts, adenylate cyclase activity increases at a linear rate without delay. under optimal conditions significant activation of cyclase is giv ...	1976	176281
cholera toxin and the adenylate cyclase-activating signal.	studies with chemically modified cholera toxin derivatives showed that all treatments that decreased the ability of toxin to bind to mouse thymus cells or to polystyrene-coupled gm1 ganglioside caused a concomitant reduction in the toxin's ability to increase adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cyclic amp) in thymus cells and skin vascular permeability in rabbits. dissociation of the h (heavy) and l (light) subunits abolished the biologic activity without inhibiting receptor binding, as did treatm ...	1976	176282
interaction of vibrio cholerae toxin with sarcoma 180 cell membranes.	three discrete phases are discernible in the activation, by vibrio cholerae toxin, of adenylate cyclase in fragments of sarcoma 180 cell membranes. in the first, or preparatory, phase the toxin must be exposed to dithiothreitol or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) in the absence of the membranes. in the second phase, the prepared toxin is dissociated to yield a macromolecular cyclase-activating factor (mcaf) in the presence of the membranes. in the third phase, membrane basal adenylate cyc ...	1976	176283
orphan airlift. enteric pathogens isolated from vietnamese children immigrating to the united states.	isolation studies for bacterial and parasitic agents were carried out on stool specimens from vietnamese infants at the time of their mass airlift to the united states. one or more bacterial pathogens were found in 49% of the 367 stool specimens cultured. the isolates included enteropathogenic escherichia coli (161), shigella (16), salmonella (15), but no salmonella typhi or vibrio cholerae. parasites identified in 88 stool specimens included giardia lamblia (10), ascaris lumbricoides (7), and e ...	1976	176481
inhibition of enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion by the polypeptide antibiotic, polymyxin.		1976	176498
structure and function of cholera toxin and hormone receptors.	the enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae is a protein of 100,000 mol wt which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity ubiquitously. the binding of biologically active 125i-labeled choleragen to cell membranes is of extraordinary affinity and specificity. the binding may be restricted to membrane-bound ganglioside gm1. this ganglioside can be inserted into membranes from exogenous sources, and the increased toxin binding in such cells can be reflected by an increased sensitivity to the biological effec ...	1976	176537
[the effect of multiple injections of acth (alone and combined with sodium ribonucleinate) on incorporation of p32-orthophosphate into the mitochondrial rna of the liver, spleen and heart of white rats].		1976	176651
biochemical actions of sympathomimetic drugs which overcome cycloheximide-induced amnesia.	earlier investigations of sympathomimetic drugs overcoming the amnesic action of cycloheximide (cxm) in day-old chickens were extended to biochemical studies in vitro. the effects of amphetamine, norepinephrine, alpha and beta noradrenergic stimulants and receptor blockers on na+/k+ atp'ase activity in total homogenate of chicken forebrain were investigated. norepinephrine and the beta stimulant, isoprenaline significantly stimulated the activity of this enzyme, while the beta blocker, propranol ...	1976	138858
[effect of 2,6-diaminopurine resistance mutations on adenine and adenosine assimilation by cells of an adenine-dependent strain of escherichia coli k-12].	in purine-requiring strain of escherichia coli k-12 defective in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pur, pup) mutants (designated apt) have been obtained that are resistant to 2,6-diaminopurine on guanine-containing medium and incapable to utilize adenine for their growth at 42degreesc, but they are still sensitive to the analogue and can utilize adenine at 28degreesc. it has been shown that the introduction of the corresponding apt mutations in the genome of adenine-requiring strains impaired the ...	1976	187528
role of active sodium transport in brown fat thermogenesis.		1976	187559
spin-labeled stearates as probes for microenvironment of murine thymocyte adenylate cyclase-cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate system.	the interaction of various spin-labeled compounds with the murine thymocyte adenylate cyclase-cyclic amp system was investigated. electron paramagnetic resonance spectra from spin-labeled compounds were used to calculate the order parameter, s, and indicated that the thymocyte plasma membrane is a relatively rigid structure. increasing concentrations of spin-labeled stearates, but not their corresponding methyl esters, resulted in increased membrane fluidity, partial lysis, and concomitant compl ...	1976	187588
hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by choleragen and its a protomer: possible role in the activation of adenylate cyclase.	choleragen and the isolated a protomer catalyzed the hydrolysis of nad to adp-ribose and nicotinamide. the protein with nadase activity (nad nucleosidase; nad glycohydrolase, ec 3-2-2-5) migrated on polyacrylamide gels with choleragen, and chromatographed on bio-gel p-60 columns with the a protomer. the nadase activity of choleragen and of the a protomer was increased markedly in acetate and phosphate buffers, and enhanced over 10-fold by dithiothreitol in high concentration. nad hydrolysis was ...	1976	188038
effects of choleragen on hormonal responsiveness of adenylate cyclase in human fibroblasts and rat fat cells.	choleragen increases cyclic amp content of confluent human fibroblasts. maximally effective concentrations of isoproterenol and prostaglandin e1 also induce large increases in cyclic amp content of human fibroblasts and in confluent cultures the effect of prostaglandin e1 is much greater than that of isoproterenol. after incubation with choleragen, the increment in cyclic amp produced by 2 mum isoproterenol is increased and approaches that produced by5.6 mum prostaglandin e1. although the concen ...	1976	188460
lytic action of polymyxin b on the liposomes prepared from vibrio cholerae phosphilipid.		1976	188755
[cyclic nucleotides and intestinal function].		1976	189126
alteration in macromolecular glycosylation of transformed cells mediated by cholera toxin and dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate.		1976	191314
intercellular immunological controls and modulation of cyclic amp levels. some doubts.	we have re-examined two sets of observations put forward to support the hypothesis that rises in camp levels induced by vasoactive amines and prostaglandins are involved in the intercellular control of immunological and inflammatory processes. (1) this hypothesis is said to be supported by the fact that cholera toxin, which raises camp levels in lymphoid tissue in vivo, is immunosuppressive. however, we found that cholera toxin inhibited antibody production only if given in doses causing gross d ...	1976	194828
cholera toxin, ganglioside receptors and the immune response.	cholera toxin activates plasma membrane adenylate cyclase in all mammalian cell types. the structure-function relationship of the toxin has recently been clarified, and the cell membrane receptor identified. this information has made cholera toxin the "agent of choice" for studies in many biological systems of the possible regulatory role of adenylate cyclase/cyclic amp. this article describes briefly our current knowledge about the toxin and its receptor. it then reviews recent research which h ...	1976	192668
differential effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on phosphodiesterase activity and choleragen-induced cycly amp production in rabbit uterus.		1976	190187
[characteristics and function of cholera toxin molecule (author's transl)].		1976	194285
nitrogenase of azotobacter chroococcum. kinetics of the reduction of oxidized iron-protein by sodium dithionite.	the kinetics of the reduction of oxidized fe-protein of nitrogenase from azotobacter chroococcum by sodium dithionite were studied by stopped-flow and rapid-freezing e.p.r. (electron-paramagnetic-resonance) spectroscopy. the appearance of the gav. = 1.94 e.p.r. signal (0.24 electron integrated intensity/mol) was associated with a one-electron reduction by so2--with k greater than 10(8)m-1-s-1 at 23 degrees c. a value of k = 1.75s-1 was obtained for the rate of dissociation of s2o42- into 2so2-- ...	1976	180978
endonucleolytic cleavage of murine leukemia virus 35s rna by microsome-associated nuclease.		1976	180996
phosphorylation of the active, a1 component of cholera toxin by protein kinase.	cholera toxin, an activator of adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of cells, is a substrate for the phosphotransferase reaction catalyzed by purified cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate dependent bovine cardiac muscle protein kinase and the protein associated with human erythrocyte membranes. phosphorylation occurs when the toxin is dissociated with 5-20 mm dithiothreitol and is restricted to the a1 or "adenylate cyclase activating" subunit of the toxin.	1976	181050
in vitro anamnestic antibody response: differential cellular and calcium requirements for induction by antigen and regulation by cyclic amp.		1976	181149
characteristics of immunity induced by neuraminidase-treated lymphosarcoma cells in c3h (mtv+) and c3h (mtv-) mice.	the immunogenicity of 6c3hed lymphosarcoma ascites tumor cells was greatly enhanced upon treatment with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. as a result, mammary tumor virus (mtv)-free c3h mice which had been repeatedly immunized with the treated cells resisted a challenge of 10(6) untreated viable cells inoculated i.p., whereas all control animals died after receiving less than 10 lymphosarcoma tumor cells. in contrast, there was no increase in the refractoriness to challenge when mtv-infected c3h mi ...	1976	181351
interferon action: role of membrane gangliosides.		1976	181911
trophoblastic pseudotumor of the uterus: an exaggerated form of "syncytial endometritis" simulating a malignant tumor.	twelve cases of a hitherto unrecognized pseudotumorous trophoblastic invasion of the myometrium are analyzed. human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) was identified by an immunoenzyme technique in the cytoplasm of the invasive cells. the lesion may be localized and only superficially invasive or deeply invasive and have a gross appearance suggesting a neoplasm in the excised uterus. in either case, this process has been confused with various types of malignant tumors, most often choriocarcinoma, from ...	1976	182351
the effects of cholera toxin on the adrenal weight in hypophysectomized rats.	the effects of cholera on adrenal weight in hypophysectomized rats were investigated, in an attempt to demonstrate an acth-like, adrenal trophic effect of the toxin. the results suggested that the toxin probably exerts is acth-like action on the adrenal via adenylate cyclase. cholera toxin was also shown to have a thermolytic action, similar to that of acth, probably due to stimulation of adrenal glucocorticoid secretion.	1976	182572
similarity of responses of cultured sertoli cells to cholera toxin and fsh.	the effects of cholera toxin on the responses of cultured sertoli cells were compared with those elicited by follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), and n6o2'-dibutyryl-3',5'-cyclic amp (bu2camp). addition of fsh or cholera toxin increased camp levels. subsequently there was greater rates of conversion of testosterone to 17beta-estradiol, formation of androgen-binding protein (abp), and incorporation of [3h]thymidine into dna by sertoli cells prepared from testes of immature rats and cultured in the ...	1976	182580
stimulatory and inhibitory effects of cyclic amp on pancreatic glucagon release from monolayer cultures and the controlling role of calcium.	when glucagon release from monolayer cultures of newborn rat pancreas was measured over four hours in media containing 2.5 mm ca++, a significant cyclic amp-related inhibition of release was observed. this was noted whether intracellular cyclic amp levels were raised by the addition of exogenous cyclic amp or dibutyryl cyclic amp, by phosphodiesterase inhibition with theophylline, or by the stimulation of adenylate cyclase with cholera toxin. the inhibition was concentration dependent for cyclic ...	1976	182608