Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| kirby-bauer disc approximation to detect inducible third-generation cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae. | resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in enteric gram-negative bacilli may be difficult to detect using standard methods of either kirby-bauer disc diffusion (kbdd) or broth dilution for minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). this difficulty is due to genetic differences in resistance determinants, differences in levels of gene expression, and variation in spectra of enzymatic activity against the substrate beta-lactams used for susceptibility testing. we have examined 95 clinical isolates repo ... | 2004 | 15256000 |
| the global regulator genes from biocontrol strain serratia plymuthica ic1270: cloning, sequencing, and functional studies. | the biocontrol activity of various fluorescent pseudomonads towards plant-pathogenic fungi is dependent upon the gaca/gacs-type two-component system of global regulators and the rpos transcription sigma factor. in particular, these components are required for the production of antifungal antibiotics and exoenzymes. to investigate the effects of these global regulators on the expression of biocontrol factors by plant-associated bacteria other than pseudomonas spp., gaca/gacs and rpos homologues w ... | 2004 | 15262936 |
| validation of bact/alert plastic culture bottles for use in testing of whole-blood-derived leukoreduced platelet-rich-plasma-derived platelets. | bacterial detection of platelet (plt)-rich-plasma (prp)-derived plts presents unique challenges for countries that do not allow pooling before storage. this study validated the bact/alert for use in testing pooled prp-derived plts with nine contaminating organisms. | 2004 | 15265121 |
| an improved pcr primer pair based on 16s rdna for the specific detection of salmonella serovars in food samples. | salmonella serovars are some of the major bacterial pathogens that can cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne illness. based on the sequence data in the v3 region of the 16s rrna gene, two pcr primer pairs have been designed for the detection of all serovars of salmonella. however, none of these primers were specific for salmonella because complete sequence homology with certain non-salmonella strains has been found within each of them. thus, the specificities of these two primer pairs ... | 2004 | 15270483 |
| in vitro activities of me1036 (cp5609), a novel parenteral carbapenem, against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | me1036, formerly cp5609, is a novel parenteral carbapenem with a 7-acylated imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-2-yl group directly attached to the carbapenem moiety of the c-2 position. the present study evaluated the in vitro activities of me1036 against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. me1036 displayed broad activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. unlike other marketed beta-lactam antibiotics, me1036 maintained excellent activity against multiple-dr ... | 2004 | 15273088 |
| dna sequence analysis of regions surrounding blacmy-2 from multiple salmonella plasmid backbones. | the emergence in the united states of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g., ceftriaxone) within the salmonellae has been associated primarily with three large (>100-kb) plasmids (designated types a, b, and c) and one 10.1-kb plasmid (type d) that carry the blacmy-2 gene. in the present study, the distribution of these four known blacmy-2-carrying plasmids among 35 ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella isolates obtained from 1998 to 2001 was examined. twenty-three of these isolates were ... | 2004 | 15273090 |
| molecular characterization of a cephamycin-hydrolyzing and inhibitor-resistant class a beta-lactamase, ges-4, possessing a single g170s substitution in the omega-loop. | the nosocomial spread of six genetically related klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing ges-type beta-lactamases was found in a neonatal intensive care unit, and we previously reported that one of the six strains, strain kg525, produced a new beta-lactamase, ges-3. in the present study, the molecular mechanism of cephamycin resistance observed in strain kg502, one of the six strains described above, was investigated. this strain was found to produce a variant of ges-3, namely, ges-4, which was ... | 2004 | 15273099 |
| cmy-13, a novel inducible cephalosporinase encoded by an escherichia coli plasmid. | an incn plasmid (p541) from escherichia coli carried a citrobacter freundii-derived sequence of 4,252 bp which included an ampc-ampr region and was bound by two directly repeated is26 elements. ampc encoded a novel cephalosporinase (cmy-13) with activity similar to that of cmy-2. ampr was likely functional as indicated in induction experiments. | 2004 | 15273143 |
| thermodynamic evaluation of a covalently bonded transition state analogue inhibitor: inhibition of beta-lactamases by phosphonates. | serine beta-lactamases are inhibited by phosphonate monoesters in a reaction that involves phosphonylation of the active site serine residue. this reaction is much more rapid than the hydrolysis of these inhibitors in solution under the same conditions. the beta-lactamase active site therefore must have the ability to stabilize not only the anionic tetrahedral transition states of the acyl transfer reactions of substrates but also the pentacoordinated transition state(s) of phosphyl transfer rea ... | 2004 | 15274621 |
| culture-independent analysis of fecal enterobacteria in environmental samples by single-cell mrna profiling. | a culture-independent method called mrna profiling has been developed for the analysis of fecal enterobacteria and their physiological status in environmental samples. this taxon-specific approach determines the single-cell content of selected gene transcripts whose abundance is either directly or inversely proportional to growth state. fluorescence in situ hybridization using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes was used to measure the cellular concentration of fis and dps mrna. relative ... | 2004 | 15294770 |
| mining the microbiota of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract for conjugated linoleic acid-producing bifidobacteria. | this study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (cla) isomer from free linoleic acid. fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (erinville hospital, cork, ireland). a total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose- ... | 2004 | 15294796 |
| predominance and genetic diversity of community- and hospital-acquired ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in york, uk. | this study was conducted to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae within the faecal flora of both community- and hospital-based patients in york and to characterize the bla(tem), bla(shv) and bla(ctx-m) genes present in these isolates. | 2004 | 15294889 |
| use of tuf sequences for genus-specific pcr detection and phylogenetic analysis of 28 streptococcal species. | a 761-bp portion of the tuf gene (encoding the elongation factor tu) from 28 clinically relevant streptococcal species was obtained by sequencing amplicons generated using broad-range pcr primers. these tuf sequences were used to select streptococcus-specific pcr primers and to perform phylogenetic analysis. the specificity of the pcr assay was verified using 102 different bacterial species, including the 28 streptococcal species. genomic dna purified from all streptococcal species was efficient ... | 2004 | 15297518 |
| use of dna microarrays for rapid genotyping of tem beta-lactamases that confer resistance. | standard clinical procedures for pathogen resistance identification are laborious and usually require 2 days of cultivation before the resistance can be determined unequivocally. in contrast, clinicians and patients face increasing threats from antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria in terms of their frequencies and levels of resistance. a major class of microbial resistance stems from the occurrence of beta-lactamases, which, if mutated, can cause the severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ( ... | 2004 | 15297528 |
| changes in gene expression in canola roots induced by acc-deaminase-containing plant-growth-promoting bacteria. | the technique of rna arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (rap-pcr) was used to study changes in gene expression over time in canola roots treated with the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase-containing plant-growth-promoting bacterium enterobacter cloacae uw4 and to compare the changes with those in a mutant of e. cloacae uw4 in which the acc deaminase structural gene acds was replaced by homologous recombination with acds with an intentional knockout containing a tetracyc ... | 2004 | 15305607 |
| [epidemiology and drug resistance of the pathogenic microbes in the complicated infection of hematological malignancies]. | to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance profile of the infection in patients with hematological malignancies. | 2004 | 15308008 |
| transcriptional analysis of the acid-inducible asr gene in enterobacteria. | we show here that transcription of the asr gene in escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae is strongly dependent on the acidification level of the growth medium, with maximal induction at ph 4.0-4.5 as determined by northern hybridization analysis. previous gene array analyses have also shown that asr is the most acid-induced gene in the e. coli genome. sequence alignment of the asr promoters from different enterobacterial species ... | 2004 | 15313253 |
| validation of a pcr for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hila gene in clinical samples from colombian patients. | validation of a pcr test to detect hila gene sequences of salmonella spp. was performed in blood and faeces samples from typhoid fever and salmonellosis patients. sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive value (npv) of the pcr in blood samples were performed by testing: 37 patients with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, 34 of them confirmed by isolation of s. typhi from blood cultures; 35 patients infected with other pathogens corroborated by ... | 2004 | 15314194 |
| trends and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing bloodstream infections among febrile neutropenic adults with hematological malignancy. | the microbiological spectrum in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia has changed over the past several decades in western countries. the growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance is an inevitable consequence of the widespread use of antibiotics in medical settings. the aim of this study was to clarify the trends and antimicrobial resistance among pathogens causing bloodstream infections in febrile neutropenic adults with hematological malignancies. | 2004 | 15318274 |
| evaluation of the purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification devices. | a test was performed to evaluate the microbial and chemical purification capacity of nine portable, small-scale water purification filter devices with production capacity less than 100 l/h. the devices were tested for simultaneous removal capacity of bacteria (cultured escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae), enteric protozoans (formalin-stored cryptosporidium parvum oocysts), viral markers (f-rna bacteriophages) and microcystins produced by tox ... | 2004 | 15318506 |
| sequence-selective recognition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ges-2 by a competitive, peptide nucleic acid-based multiplex pcr assay. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in pseudomonas aeruginosa, such as ges-2, which compromises the efficacy of imipenem, tend to be geographically restricted. the cc-to-aa base pair substitution at positions 493 and 494 of the bla(ges-2)-coding region distinguishes this esbl from bla(ges-1) and the bla(ibc)-type genes, making it an ideal target for the development of a novel sequence-specific, peptide nucleic acid (pna)-based multiplex pcr detection method. by using two primer pairs in co ... | 2004 | 15328103 |
| effect of ertapenem protein binding on killing of bacteria. | the effect of protein binding on the antimicrobial activity of ertapenem was evaluated using the bacterial kill rate and concentration-response studies. various proportions of human serum were utilized to determine the total and free-drug concentrations using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. the mics and kill curves were determined for test isolates of enterobacter cloacae and staphylococcus aureus at various percentages of human serum. the killing of bacteria was analyz ... | 2004 | 15328106 |
| the mef(a) gene predominates among seven macrolide resistance genes identified in gram-negative strains representing 13 genera, isolated from healthy portuguese children. | of the 176 randomly selected, commensal, gram-negative bacteria isolated from healthy children with low exposure to antibiotics, 138 (78%) carried one or more of the seven macrolide resistance genes tested in this study. these isolates included 79 (91%) isolates from the oral cavity and 59 (66%) isolates from urine samples. the mef(a) gene, coding for an efflux protein, was found in 73 isolates (41%) and was the most frequently carried gene. the mef(a) gene could be transferred from the donors i ... | 2004 | 15328110 |
| cell density-dependent gene contributes to efficient seed colonization by pseudomonas putida kt2440. | we have characterized the expression pattern of a gene, ddca, involved in initial colonization of corn seeds by pseudomonas putida kt2440. the ddca gene codes for a putative membrane polypeptide belonging to a family of conserved proteins of unknown function. members of this family are widespread among prokaryotes and include the products of a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium gene expressed during invasion of macrophages and psie, an escherichia coli phosphate starvation-inducible gene. a ... | 2004 | 15345399 |
| molecular fingerprinting of dairy microbial ecosystems by use of temporal temperature and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | numerous microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds, constitute the complex ecosystem present in milk and fermented dairy products. our aim was to describe the bacterial ecosystem of various cheeses that differ by production technology and therefore by their bacterial content. for this purpose, we developed a rapid, semisystematic approach based on genetic profiling by temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis (ttge) for bacteria with low-g+c-content genomes and denaturing gradien ... | 2004 | 15345452 |
| fluorogenic selective and differential medium for isolation of enterobacter sakazakii. | 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-d-glucoside, the fluorogenic substrate of alpha-glucosidase, was used as a selective marker to develop a differential medium for enterobacter sakazakii. this bacterium showed strong fluorogenic characteristics clearly distinguishable from other microorganisms. on the basis of reducing background noise, an optimum basal medium and nitrogen source were selected. incubation conditions were optimized. | 2004 | 15345462 |
| nosocomial and community-acquired enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infection: risk factors for and prevalence of shv-12 in multiresistant isolates in a medical centre. | in a medical centre in northern taiwan, 60 patients had bloodstream infection caused by enterobacter cloacae from 1 january 2002 to 30 april 2003. forty (66.7%) were nosocomial and 26 were caused by multiresistant isolates. twenty patients died due to the infection. central venous catheterization and mechanical ventilation were relative risks for nosocomial e. cloacae infection. age and mechanical ventilation were risk factors for multiresistant e. cloacae infection. mortality was associated wit ... | 2004 | 15350716 |
| prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections using non-technologic strategies. | to evaluate the incidence of nosocomial bacteremias related to the use of non-impregnated central venous catheters (cvcs) when only non-technologic strategies were used to prevent them. | 2004 | 15357160 |
| gram-positive mera gene in gram-negative oral and urine bacteria. | clinical mercury resistant (hg(r)) gram-negative bacteria carrying gram-positive mercury reductase (mera)-like genes were characterized using dna-dna hybridization, pcr and sequencing. a pcr assay was developed which discriminated between the mera genes related to staphylococcus and those related to the bacillus/streptococcus mera genes by the difference in size of the pcr product. dna sequence analysis correlated with the pcr assay. the mera genes from acinetobacter junii, enterobacter cloacae ... | 2004 | 15358427 |
| vibrio spp. and salmonella spp., presence and susceptibility in crabs ucides cordatus. | the presence of vibrio spp. and salmonella spp. in crabs marketed at the bezerra de menezes ave., fortaleza, state of ceará, brazil, was assessed between february and may, 2003. the number of individuals sampled in each one of the fifteen weekly samplings ranged between four and eight. seven strains of salmonella, from four different samplings, were identified, being five of them identified as serotype s. senftenberg and two as s. poona. all strains of salmonella were sensitive to the tested ant ... | 2004 | 15361967 |
| newer carbapenems for urinary tract infections. | four carbapenems have been available clinically in japan. these are imipenem/cilastatin (imip/cs) and panipenem/ betamipron (pani/bp) of the older compounds and newer carbapenems such as biapem (biap) and meropenem (mero). the latter compounds are relatively stable to dehydropeptidase-1 (dhp-1) and have been reported to have higher antimicrobial activities compared to the earlier carbapenems. the antimicrobial activity of these four carbapenems against fresh urinary isolates showed high activiti ... | 2004 | 15364304 |
| gamma proteobacteria can nodulate legumes of the genus hedysarum. | the bacteria hosted in the root nodules of the three mediterranean wild legume species hedysarum carnosum, hedysarum spinosissimum subsp. capitatum, and hedysarum pallidum, growing in native stands in different habitats in algeria were isolated. bacteria were recovered on yeast-mannitol-agar or on minimal media from a total of 52 nodules. isolates were analyzed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra) using the enzyme cfoi, and further sorted by rapd fingerprinting. a total of ten ... | 2004 | 15368852 |
| the use of microbial tracers to monitor seasonal variations in effluent retention in a constructed wetland. | effluent retention in a constructed wetland was determined using both microbial and chemical tracers. seasonal variation in effluent retention was the main focus of the study. the biotracers used in the study were the coliphage ms2, a bacteriophage of enterobacter cloacae and antibiotic resistant endospores of bacillus globigii. two separate tracer runs were conducted, winter high flow (january 2002) and summer low flow (june 2002). the three biotracers were evaluated simultaneously on both occa ... | 2004 | 15380974 |
| photochemical treatment of platelet concentrates with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria. | bacterial contamination of platelet (plt) concentrates can result in transfusion-transmitted sepsis. a photochemical treatment (pct) process with amotosalen hcl and long-wavelength ultraviolet light (uva), which cross-links nucleic acids, was developed to inactivate bacteria and other pathogens in plt concentrates. | 2004 | 15383024 |
| functional difference between sinorhizobium meliloti nifa and enterobacter cloacae nifa. | the nifa gene is an important regulatory gene and its product, nifa protein, regulates the expression of many nif genes involved in the nitrogen fixation process. we introduced multiple copies of the constitutively expressed sinorhizobium meliloti (sm) or enterobacter cloacae (ec) nifa gene into both the nifa mutant strain smy and the wild-type strain sm1021. root nodules produced by smy containing a constitutively expressed sm nifa gene were capable of fixing nitrogen, while nodules produced by ... | 2004 | 15384181 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections caused by ampc-type-beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. | cases of bacteremia caused by ampc-type-beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were retrospectively studied to determine the epidemiologic features and clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections. among 389 blood isolates recovered from 1998 to 2002, 65 isolates (16.7%) were found to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) or ampc beta-lactamase producers. the beta-lactamases from 61 of the 65 isolates were characterized; 28 of 61 isolates produced ampc-type enzymes (14 isola ... | 2004 | 15388426 |
| antibody mapping of the linear epitopes of cmy-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases. | knowledge of the amino acids that define recognition of anti-beta-lactamase antibodies is critical to the interpretation of sensitivity and specificity of these antibodies when they are used in a clinical or research setting. to this end, we mapped the epitopes of the cmy-2 and shv-1 beta-lactamases by using the spot synthesis method. eight linear epitopes in shv-1 and seven linear epitopes in cmy-2 were identified by using anti-shv-1 and anti-cmy-2 polyclonal antibodies, respectively. the epito ... | 2004 | 15388462 |
| ampc beta-lactamase in an escherichia coli clinical isolate confers resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. | cloning, sequencing, and biochemical analysis identified a novel ampc-type beta-lactamase conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in an escherichia coli clinical isolate. this enzyme, exhibiting 14 amino acid substitutions compared to a reference ampc cephalosporinase of e. coli, hydrolyzed ceftazidime and cefepime significantly. | 2004 | 15388478 |
| rapid detection and sequence-specific differentiation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ges-2 from pseudomonas aeruginosa by use of a real-time pcr assay. | the lightcycler was compared to nested pcr for the detection of bla(ges/ibc) genes from 100 pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. the real-time pcr assay detected a bla(ges/ibc) gene product from 83 isolates, exhibiting a sensitivity and specificity of 94.3 and 100% respectively, compared to nested pcr and dna sequencing. | 2004 | 15388481 |
| impact of genetically modified enterobacter cloacae on indigenous endophytic community of citrus sinensis seedlings. | enterobacter cloacae (strain pr2/7), a genetically modified endophyte (gme) in citrus plants, carrying different plasmids (pec3.0/18, pcele, pegla and pgfp), was inoculated into citrus sinensis seedlings under greenhouse conditions. the impact of this on the indigenous bacterial endophytic community was studied by analyses of 2 different morphologic groups. the germination rates of inoculated seeds were evaluated in greenhouse, and plasmid stability under in vitro conditions. results demonstrate ... | 2004 | 15459643 |
| pcr method based on the ogdh gene for the detection of salmonella spp. from chicken meat samples. | in a previous paper, the ogdh gene that encodes 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase was isolated from salmonella typhimurium. the catalytic n-terminal region in the enzyme was found to be very specific for the salmonella species. therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect s. typhimurium in food sources using primers designed for ogdh-1 and ogdh-2 which were based on the salmonella-specific region of the ogdh gene. a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection method was developed to det ... | 2004 | 15459651 |
| effect of cefoxitin and clindamycin on selection of derepressed mutants in enterobacter cloacae. | the characteristics of an antibiotic that favor its ability to select for resistant bacteria are not completely understood. otherwise, by the common use of broad-spectrum cephalosporins, resistant strains of several gram-negative species, especially enterobacter cloacae, have been more frequently isolated. during our studies on beta-lactam resistance in e. cloacae, we observed that the addition of an inhibitor (clindamycin) to a potent inducer (cefoxitin) leads to an enhanced selection of resist ... | 2004 | 15460527 |
| evaluation of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | we aimed to assess the performance of the microscan esbl plus confirmation panel using a series of 87 oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacilli of various species. | 2004 | 15471997 |
| controlled clinical comparison of the bact/alert fn and the standard anaerobic sn blood culture medium. | to determine the optimal anaerobic companion bottle to pair with the bact/alert (biomerieux, durham, n.c.) nonvented aerobic fa (fa) medium for recovery of pathogenic microorganisms from adult patients with bacteremia and fungemia, we compared the bact/alert fn (fn) anaerobic bottle with the standard bact/alert sn (sn) anaerobic bottle. each bottle, fa, fn, and sn, was filled with 8 to 12 ml of blood. of 11,498 blood culture sets received in the clinical microbiology laboratories at two universi ... | 2004 | 15472312 |
| phylogeny, clinical associations, and diagnostic utility of the pilin subunit gene (sfpa) of sorbitol-fermenting, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h-. | the plasmid-borne sfpa gene encodes the pilin subunit in sorbitol-fermenting (sf) enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h-. we investigated the distribution of sfpa among 600 e. coli isolates comprising the complete e. coli standard reference (ecor) and diarrheagenic e. coli (dec) strain collections and clinical isolates associated with enteric disease. sfpa was detected in dec3f sf ehec o157:h- strain 493/89, each of 107 sf ehec o157:h- clinical isolates, and 14 shiga toxin-negative sf ... | 2004 | 15472329 |
| genetic diversity among community methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains causing outpatient infections in australia. | increasing reports of the appearance of novel nonmultiresistant methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa (mrsa) strains in the community and of the spread of hospital mrsa strains into the community are cause for public health concern. we conducted two national surveys of unique isolates of s. aureus from clinical specimens collected from nonhospitalized patients commencing in 2000 and 2002, respectively. a total of 11.7% of 2,498 isolates from 2000 and 15.4% of 2,486 isolates from 2002 ... | 2004 | 15472334 |
| new method for laboratory detection of ampc beta-lactamases in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | a new cefoxitin-agar medium (cam)-based assay was compared to the previously published modified three-dimensional (m3d) assay for the detection of ampc production in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. clinical isolates of cefoxitin-resistant e. coli (n = 5) and k. pneumoniae (n = 7) and multiple control strains with and without ampc enzymes were tested by both methods. the cam method with 4 microg of cefoxitin/ml was equivalent to the m3d method for detecting ampc production in e. coli ... | 2004 | 15472344 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and overexpression of a novel [fe]-hydrogenase isolated from a high rate of hydrogen producing enterobacter cloacae iit-bt 08. | degenerate primers were designed from the conserved zone of hyda structural gene encoding for catalytic subunit of [fe]-hydrogenase of different hydrogen producing bacteria. a 750 bp of pcr product was amplified by using the above-mentioned degenerate primers and genomic dna of enterobacter cloacae iit-bt 08 as template. the amplified pcr product was cloned and sequenced. the sequence showed the presence of an orf of 450 bp with significant similarity (40%) with c-terminal end of the conserved z ... | 2004 | 15474481 |
| use of selective media for detection of cephalothin-resistant bacteria in surgical patients. | bacterial colonization in hospitalized patients is an important step in nosocomial infections. frequent employment of antimicrobials can modify patients' normal microbiota, favoring colonization and infection by antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. first-generation cephalosporins are frequently used as prophylactic antibiotics in surgery. intestinal, oropharyngeal and skin colonization by cephalothin-resistant microorganisms were studied in 60 pre-operative patients at the hospital universitá ... | 2004 | 15476050 |
| incidence of antibiotic-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter species in freshwater wetlands. | the aim of this study was to assess the incidence of enterobacteriaceae (potential human and animal pathogens) in wetlands. | 2004 | 15482436 |
| [rapid diagnosis of common pathogenic bacteria infection in newborn infants by 16srdna oligonucleotide array]. | the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for earlier effective patient management and antimicrobial therapy, especially for the infant patient, whose immunological system is not fully developed. however conventional microbiogical techniques of bacterial identification, culture and isolation of pathogenic bacteria, identification by biochemistry and serological assay, are time-consuming and require intensive labor. on the basis of special gene sequence, pcr provides simple and ... | 2004 | 15482667 |
| shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion. | shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ... | 2004 | 15493821 |
| [development and evaluation of a pcr method for diagnosis of salmonella enteric fever, based on dna sequences of the hila gene]. | typically, diagnosis of enteric fever due to salmonella spp. is by bacterial isolation from blood culture; however, the blood culture method is slow, not always available, and not informative in patients with antibiotic treatment. salmonella spp. uses the hila gene (component of the pathogenicity island i) to invade epithelial cells and produce infection. using the hila gene sequence a pcr test was designed to detect salmonella in blood samples. the sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive pr ... | 2004 | 15495599 |
| four variants of the citrobacter freundii ampc-type cephalosporinases, including novel enzymes cmy-14 and cmy-15, in a proteus mirabilis clone widespread in poland. | twenty-nine proteus mirabilis isolates from 17 polish hospitals were analyzed. the isolates were resistant to a variety of antimicrobials, and their patterns of resistance to beta-lactams resembled those of the constitutive class c cephalosporinase (ampc) producers. indeed, beta-lactamases with a pi of approximately 9.0 were found in all of the isolates, and they were subsequently identified as four ampc-type cephalosporinases, cmy-4, -12, -14, and -15, of which the two last ones were novel enzy ... | 2004 | 15504832 |
| promoter sequences necessary for high-level expression of the plasmid-associated ampc beta-lactamase gene blamir-1. | little is known about mechanisms involved in high-level expression of plasmid-associated ampc genes. the sequence for bla(mir-1) has been elucidated, and the gene is not inducible. although the sequence for the promoter (pra) that drives expression of enterobacter cloacae chromosomal ampc is present upstream of bla(mir-1), high-level expression from bla(mir-1) is directed from a hybrid promoter (prb) located further upstream of pra. the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of eac ... | 2004 | 15504838 |
| plasmid-mediated carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme kpc-2 in an enterobacter sp. | a strain of an enterobacter sp. with reduced susceptibility to imipenem, which produced a plasmid-mediated class a carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme, kpc-2 beta-lactamase, was isolated from a patient with sepsis at a boston hospital. this is the first report of the production of a plasmid-encoded kpc-2 beta-lactamase by an enterobacter sp. | 2004 | 15504876 |
| pharmacodynamics of ceftazidime plus the serine beta-lactamase inhibitor am-112 against escherichia coli containing tem-1 and ctx-m-1 beta-lactamases. | a strain of escherichia coli containing tem-1 and ctx-m-1 was tested in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model against ceftazidime with and without am-112, a serine beta-lactamase inhibitor. ceftazidime alone was less effective than ceftazidime plus am-112, and a single dose was more effective than three fractionated doses. | 2004 | 15504890 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some netropsin analogues. | nine novel lexitropsins were synthesized by linking two netropsin-like moieties through three different dicarboxylic acids; 9,10-dihydro-2,7-phenanthrenedicarboxylic acid; [(3-[[(carboxymethyl)amino]carbonyl]benzoyl)amino]acetic acid and indole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid. the netropsin residues were modified by the use of n-isopentylpyrrole, 5-methylthiophene or 5-isopropylthiazole heterocyclic building blocks in place of the usual n-methylpyrrole. the compounds were tested against five gram-positive ... | 2004 | 15505717 |
| molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental and clinical specimens in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit. | to investigate environmental contamination by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and to perform a comparative molecular analysis of clinical and environmental strains. | 2004 | 15518028 |
| molecular detection of coxiella burnetii in the sera of patients with q fever endocarditis or vascular infection. | in the absence of a specific diagnosis based on serology, chronic q fever is inevitably fatal. however, diagnosis is often delayed because the test is not widely available. to shorten the diagnostic delay, we adapted a nested-pcr assay with serum as a template and the lightcycler as a thermal cycler, termed lcn-pcr. we retrospectively and prospectively applied this method to samples from 48 patients diagnosed with q fever endocarditis or vascular infection and to samples from 100 controls with e ... | 2004 | 15528674 |
| new quadriplex pcr assay for detection of methicillin and mupirocin resistance and simultaneous discrimination of staphylococcus aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci. | major challenges in diagnostic molecular microbiology are to develop a simple assay to distinguish staphylococcus aureus from the less virulent but clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and to simultaneously determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. multiplex pcr assays have been developed for the detection of methicillin- and mupirocin-resistant s. aureus and cons but not for the simultaneous discrimination of s. aureus from cons. we designed a new set of staphyloco ... | 2004 | 15528678 |
| effects of intrapartum penicillin prophylaxis on intestinal bacterial colonization in infants. | early-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. to prevent the vertical transmission of gbs and neonatal gbs infection, guidelines recommend intrapartum penicillin or amoxicillin prophylaxis. this intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (iap) is suspected to favor colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. however, the effects of this prophylaxis on the patterns of acquisition of gastrointestinal bacterial flora in infants have neve ... | 2004 | 15528713 |
| metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli: laboratory-based surveillance in cooperation with 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan. | a total of 19,753 strains of gram-negative rods collected during two 6-month periods (october 2000 to march 2001 and november 2001 to april 2002) from 13 clinical laboratories in the kinki region of japan were investigated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls). mbls were detected in 96 (0.5%) of the 19,753 isolates by the broth microdilution method, the 2-mercaptopropionic acid inhibition test, and pcr and dna sequencing analyses. mbl-positive isolates were detected in 9 of 13 lab ... | 2004 | 15528723 |
| sensitive and specific detection of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method able to detect yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains in 30 min by using six primers designed by targeting the inv gene. this method is more sensitive than pcr and might be a useful tool for detecting and identifying y. pseudotuberculosis. | 2004 | 15528740 |
| identification and phylogeny of enterobacter sakazakii relative to enterobacter and citrobacter species. | the phylogenetic relationships of enterobacter sakazakii strains were investigated using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and hsp60 sequencing. each analysis distributed e. sakazakii strains among four clusters, indicating substantial taxonomic heterogeneity. the e. sakazakii type strain 16s rdna sequence was 97.8% similar to that of citrobacter koseri but 97.0% similar to that of enterobacter cloacae. | 2004 | 15528745 |
| intestinal microflora in 45 crows in ueno zoo and the in vitro susceptibilities of 29 escherichia coli isolates to 14 antimicrobial agents. | microorganisms from 45 jungle crows (corvus macrorhynchos) captured from july to december 2002 at ueno zoo, tokyo were identified as escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, pseudomonas maltophila, staphylococcus spp., micrococcus spp., and streptococcus spp. e. coli showed the highest rate of isolation (21.6%). in an in vitro susceptibility test for 29 isolates of e. coli to 14 antimic ... | 2004 | 15528866 |
| screening of lactic-acid bacteria from south african barley beer for the production of bacteriocin-like compounds. | strains of lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (strain st11br), l. pentosus (strain st151br), l. plantarum (strain st13br), and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (strain st34br) producing bacteriocin-like peptides were isolated from barley beer produced in the western, northern and eastern provinces of south africa. the peptides (bacst11br, bacst151br, bacst13br and bacst34br) lost their activity after treatment with proteinase k, a proteinase, papain, chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin and prona ... | 2004 | 15530005 |
| structural and spectral features of selenium nanospheres produced by se-respiring bacteria. | certain anaerobic bacteria respire toxic selenium oxyanions and in doing so produce extracellular accumulations of elemental selenium [se(0)]. we examined three physiologically and phylogenetically diverse species of selenate- and selenite-respiring bacteria, sulfurospirillum barnesii, bacillus selenitireducens, and selenihalanaerobacter shriftii, for the occurrence of this phenomenon. when grown with selenium oxyanions as the electron acceptor, all of these organisms formed extracellular granul ... | 2004 | 14711625 |
| rapid and specific detection of salmonella spp. in animal feed samples by pcr after culture enrichment. | a pcr procedure has been developed for routine analysis of viable salmonella spp. in feed samples. the objective was to develop a simple pcr-compatible enrichment procedure to enable dna amplification without any sample pretreatment such as dna extraction or cell lysis. pcr inhibition by 14 different feed samples and natural background flora was circumvented by the use of the dna polymerase tth. this dna polymerase was found to exhibit a high level of resistance to pcr inhibitors present in thes ... | 2004 | 14711627 |
| analysis of the gyra gene of clinical yersinia ruckeri isolates with reduced susceptibility to quinolones. | antimicrobial susceptibility of seven clinical strains of yersinia ruckeri representative of those isolated between 1994 and 2002 from a fish farm with endemic enteric redmouth disease was studied. all isolates displayed indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis restriction patterns, indicating that they represented a single strain. however, considering both inhibition zone diameters (izd) and mics, the isolates recovered in 2001-2002 formed a separate cluster with lower levels of susce ... | 2004 | 14711693 |
| comparison in a rat thigh abscess model of imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against acinetobacter baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and resistance selection. | we compared imipenem, meropenem and cefoperazone-sulbactam against hospital originated a. baumannii strains in terms of bactericidal efficacy and selection of resistant mutants during treatment in a rat thigh abscess model. | 2004 | 14713318 |
| identification and susceptibility testing of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa by direct inoculation from positive bactec blood culture bottles into vitek 2. | inoculation of an automated system for rapid identification (id) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) directly from positive blood culture bottles will reduce the turnaround time of laboratory diagnosis of septicemic patients, which benefits clinical outcome and decreases patient costs. direct test results, however, must always be confirmed by testing a pure overnight culture, which is the "gold standard." we studied the accuracy of direct testing versus repeat testing in order to inve ... | 2004 | 14715724 |
| practical bench comparison of bbl chromagar orientation and standard two-plate media for urine cultures. | a total of 1023 urine samples sent for routine culture were plated onto sheep blood and macconkey agars and a bbl chromagar orientation (co; becton dickinson, cockeysville, md.) plate, and the results were compared. of these, 250 urine samples (24%) grew >10000 cfu of one or two putative pathogens/ml and 773 showed no growth (ng), mixed growth of <10000 cfu/ml, or three or more strains (mixed). the co and conventional medium results agreed completely for 595 cultures with ng or <10000 cfu/ml. an ... | 2004 | 14715732 |
| utility of nccls guidelines for identifying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in non-escherichia coli and non-klebsiella spp. of enterobacteriaceae. | nccls screening and confirmation methods for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) apply only to escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., yet esbls have been found in other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. we evaluated the effectiveness of nccls methods for detecting esbls in 690 gram-negative isolates of enterobacteriaceae that excluded e. coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca. isolates were collected between january 1996 and june 1999 from 53 u.s. hospitals pa ... | 2004 | 14715768 |
| a novel integrative and conjugative element (ice) of escherichia coli: the putative progenitor of the yersinia high-pathogenicity island. | diversification of bacterial species and pathotypes is largely caused by horizontal transfer of diverse dna elements such as plasmids, phages and genomic islands (e.g. pathogenicity islands, pais). a pai called high-pathogenicity island (hpi) carrying genes involved in siderophore-mediated iron acquisition (yersiniabactin system) has previously been identified in yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis and y. enterocolitica ib strains, and has been characterized as an essential virulence factor i ... | 2004 | 14731283 |
| pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem against enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter baumannii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | to compare the pharmacodynamics of meropenem and imipenem, both administered as 500 mg every 6 hours, against populations of enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter baumannii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2004 | 14740783 |
| replacement of broad-spectrum cephalosporins by piperacillin-tazobactam: impact on sustained high rates of bacterial resistance. | we have previously observed a significant reduction of ceftriaxone resistance in proteus mirabilis associated with an increase in the use of cefepime, along with a decrease in the consumption of broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cep). however, we did not observe such a reduction with klebsiella pneumoniae. therefore, we sought to determine whether replacement of cep by piperacillin-tazobactam might be useful in reducing sustained high rates of cep resistance by this organism. we used a 6-month "bef ... | 2004 | 14742186 |
| mechanism of action of nb2001 and nb2030, novel antibacterial agents activated by beta-lactamases. | two potent antibacterial agents designed to undergo enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic activation were evaluated for their mechanisms of action. the compounds, nb2001 and nb2030, contain a cephalosporin with a thienyl (nb2001) or a tetrazole (nb2030) ring at the c-7 position and are linked to the antibacterial triclosan at the c-3 position. the compounds exploit beta-lactamases to release triclosan through hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. like cephalothin, nb2001 and nb2030 were hydrolyzed by class ... | 2004 | 14742198 |
| emergence in klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates of the vim-4 metallo-beta-lactamase encoded by a conjugative plasmid. | resistance to carbapenems is an emerging problem among gram-negative hospital pathogens. a transferable plasmid encoding the vim-4 metallo-beta-lactamase was detected in isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae obtained from a single patient under carbapenem therapy. thus, enterobacteria appear to increasingly contribute to the spread of vim-type enzymes. | 2004 | 14742229 |
| parasite-specific immune response in adult drosophila melanogaster: a genomic study. | insects of the order diptera are vectors for parasitic diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness and leishmania. in the search for genes encoding proteins involved in the antiparasitic response, we have used the protozoan parasite octosporea muscaedomesticae for oral infections of adult drosophila melanogaster. to identify parasite-specific response molecules, other flies were exposed to virus, bacteria or fungi in parallel. analysis of gene expression patterns after 24 h of microbial challeng ... | 2004 | 14749722 |
| diversity of chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae isolates in a portuguese hospital. | six clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae isolated in a portuguese hospital, between april 1999 and november 2000, demonstrated resistance to almost all broad-spectrum cephalosporins, except to cefepime. these isolates were susceptible to quinolones and to aminoglycosides. isoelectric focusing demonstrated production of beta-lactamases with pis > 8.0 and by all six isolates, exhibiting a cephalosporinase phenotype. the results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that these isolates ... | 2004 | 14757240 |
| integrons as tools for epidemiological studies. | the integron content of gram-negative strains implicated in three distinct episodes of suspected cross-infection among inpatients was investigated and compared with ribotyping. in the first episode, ribotyping identified a strain of acinetobacter, isolated over a 3-month period, responsible for an outbreak associated with the use of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (icu). the second episode concerned simultaneous isolations of pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens from ... | 2004 | 14759241 |
| in vitro activity of bal9141 against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. | the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of bal9141 against 150 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria were determined and compared to those of cefepime and ceftriaxone. bal9141 exhibited comparable activity to cefepime and ceftriaxone against haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase nonproducing enterobacter cloacae, and comparable activity to cefepime against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2004 | 14761726 |
| detection and differentiation of in vitro-spiked bacteria by real-time pcr and melting-curve analysis. | we introduce a consensus real-time pcr protocol for the detection of bacterial dna from laboratory-prepared specimens such as water, urine, and plasma. this prototype detection system enables an exact gram stain classification and, in particular, screening for specific species of 17 intensive care unit-relevant bacteria by means of fluorescence hybridization probes and melting-curve analysis in a one-run experiment. one strain of every species was tested at a final density of 10(6) cfu/ml. all b ... | 2004 | 14766809 |
| multicenter evaluation of the performance characteristics of the bayer versant hcv rna 3.0 assay (bdna). | in this multicenter evaluation, the versant hcv rna 3.0 assay (bdna) (bayer diagnostics, tarrytown, n.y.) was shown to have excellent reproducibility, linearity, and analytical sensitivity across specimen collection matrices (serum, edta, acd-a), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes 1 to 6. the versant hcv bdna assay has a reportable range of 615 to 7690000 (7.69 x 10(6)) iu/ml. the total coefficient of variation (cv) ranged from 32.4% at 615 iu/ml to 17% at 6.8 x 10(6) iu/ml. the assay was lin ... | 2004 | 14766817 |
| increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae, and imipenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in korea: konsar study in 2001. | the 5th year konsar surveillance in 2001 was based on routine test data at 30 participating hospitals. it was of particular interest to find a trend in the resistances of enterococci to vancomycin, of enterobacteriaceae to the 3rd generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone, and of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacters to carbapenem. resistance rates of gram-positive cocci were: 70% of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin; 88% and 16% of enterococcus faecium to ampicillin and vancomycin, resp ... | 2004 | 14966334 |
| capsule shields the function of short bacterial adhesins. | bacterial surface structures such as capsules and adhesins are generally regarded as important virulence factors. here we demonstrate that capsules block the function of the self-recognizing protein antigen 43 through physical shielding. the phenomenon is not restricted to escherichia coli but can occur in other gram-negative bacteria. likewise, we show that other short adhesins exemplified by the aida-i protein are blocked by the presence of a capsule. the results support the notion that capsul ... | 2004 | 14973035 |
| bacterial volatiles induce systemic resistance in arabidopsis. | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, in association with plant roots, can trigger induced systemic resistance (isr). considering that low-molecular weight volatile hormone analogues such as methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate can trigger defense responses in plants, we examined whether volatile organic compounds (vocs) associated with rhizobacteria can initiate isr. in arabidopsis seedlings exposed to bacterial volatile blends from bacillus subtilis gb03 and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in937a ... | 2004 | 14976231 |
| resistance to cefepime and cefpirome due to a 4-amino-acid deletion in the chromosome-encoded ampc beta-lactamase of a serratia marcescens clinical isolate. | a multiresistant serratia marcescens strain, hd, isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection, was resistant to amino-, carboxy-, and ureidopenicillins, ceftazidime, and cefepime and was susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, according to the guidelines of the nccls. no synergy was found between expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and clavulanic acid, according to the double-disk synergy test. the bla(ampc) gene of the strain was amplified by pcr and cloned into escherichia coli dh10b ... | 2004 | 14982755 |
| fluorescence detection-based functional assay for high-throughput screening for mray. | we have developed a novel assay specific to mray, which catalyzes the first membrane step in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. this was accomplished by using udp-murnac-n(epsilon)-dansylpentapeptide, a fluorescent derivative of the mray nucleotide substrate, and a partially purified preparation of mray solubilized from membranes of an escherichia coli overproducing strain. two versions of the assay were developed, one consisting of the high-pressure liquid chromatography sep ... | 2004 | 14982781 |
| novel chromosomally encoded multidrug efflux transporter mdea in staphylococcus aureus. | antibiotic efflux is an important mechanism of resistance in pathogenic bacteria. here we describe the identification and characterization of a novel chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance efflux protein in staphylococcus aureus, mdea (multidrug efflux a). mdea was identified from screening an s. aureus open reading frame expression library for resistance to antibiotic compounds. when overexpressed, mdea confers resistance on s. aureus to a range of quaternary ammonium compounds and antibiot ... | 2004 | 14982783 |
| selection during cefepime treatment of a new cephalosporinase variant with extended-spectrum resistance to cefepime in an enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolate. | enterobacter aerogenes resistant to cefepime (mic, 32 microg/ml) was isolated from a patient treated with cefepime for an infection caused by a strain of e. aerogenes overproducing its ampc beta-lactamase (mic of cefepime, 0.5 microg/ml). the ampc beta-lactamase of the resistant strain had an l-293-p amino acid substitution and a high k(cat)/k(m) ratio for cefepime. both of these modifications were necessary for resistance to cefepime. | 2004 | 14982805 |
| synergistic activities of moxifloxacin combined with piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. | the bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated by using time-kill methods and antimicrobial concentrations of one-half and one times the mic. synergy was observed in 58 to 88% of the strains and resulted in bactericidal activity against 60 to 100% of the strains. combinations including moxifloxacin demonstrated enhanced b ... | 2004 | 14982809 |
| first class a carbapenemase isolated from enterobacteriaceae in argentina. | 2004 | 14982814 | |
| longitudinal trends in fluoroquinolone resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients and outpatients, 1989-2000: differences in the emergence and epidemiology of resistance across organisms. | we conducted a 12-year study to identify and compare trends in annual prevalence of fluoroquinolone (fq) resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from inpatients and outpatients in our health care system. a total of 46,070 clinical enterobacteriaceae isolates underwent susceptibility testing. although there were significant increases in inpatient fq resistance for all enterobacteriaceae, fq resistance trends differed significantly across enterobacteriaceae (p<.001). for isolates obt ... | 2004 | 14986249 |
| kinetics of turnover of cefotaxime by the enterobacter cloacae p99 and gcl beta-lactamases: two free enzyme forms of the p99 beta-lactamase detected by a combination of pre- and post-steady state kinetics. | third-generation cephalosporins bearing oximino side chains are resistant to hydrolysis by class c beta-lactamases such as that from enterobacter cloacae p99. for example, steady state parameters for hydrolysis of cefotaxime by this enzyme are as follows: k(cat) = 0.41 s(-1), k(m) = 17.2 microm, and k(cat)/k(m) = 2.3 x 10(4) s(-1) m(-1). on the other hand, however, the k(i) value for cefotaxime as an inhibitor of cephalothin hydrolysis is 27 nm. the discrepancy between k(m) and k(i) indicated th ... | 2004 | 14992604 |
| evaluation of a new generation of plastic culture bottles with an automated microbial detection system for nine common contaminating organisms found in plt components. | a microbial detection system (bact/alert 3d, biomérieux [formerly organon teknika]) has previously been validated with a variety of bacterial contaminants in plts. the recovery of nine organisms seeded into plts with new plastic culture bottles was studied in comparison to the current glass bottles. the use of plastic instead of glass would be expected to reduce the risk of injury. | 2004 | 14996192 |
| characterization of glycerol trinitrate reductase (nera) and the catalytic role of active-site residues. | glycerol trinitrate reductase (nera) from agrobacterium radiobacter, a member of the old yellow enzyme (oye) family of oxidoreductases, was expressed in and purified from escherichia coli. denaturation of pure enzyme liberated flavin mononucleotide (fmn), and spectra of nera during reduction and reoxidation confirmed its catalytic involvement. binding of fmn to apoenzyme to form the holoenzyme occurred with a dissociation constant of ca. 10(-7) m and with restoration of activity. the nera-depend ... | 2004 | 14996811 |
| a family of brevinin-2 peptides with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa from the skin of the hokkaido frog, rana pirica. | nine peptides displaying varying degrees of antimicrobial activity were extracted from the skin of the hokkaido frog, rana pirica. five structurally related peptides were identified as members of the brevinin-2 family. these peptides were active against reference strains of gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive (staphlococcus aureus) bacteria but displayed relatively low hemolytic activity. the most abundant peptid ... | 2004 | 15003829 |
| analysis of ampc beta-lactamase expression and sequence in biochemically atypical ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae from paediatric patients. | to analyse the variation of ampc beta-lactamase gene sequence and expression in biochemically atypical enterobacteriaceae isolates, and to identify them definitively. | 2004 | 15014062 |