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cytotoxic bipyridines from the marine-derived actinomycete actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus wh1-2216-6.five new bipyridine alkaloids (1-5) and a new phenylpyridine alkaloid (6), which we name caerulomycins f-k, along with five known analogues (7-11), were isolated from the marine-derived actinomycete actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus wh1-2216-6. the structures of 1-6 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. compounds 1-10 showed cytotoxicity against the hl-60, k562, kb, and a549 cell lines, with ic(50) values of 0.26 to 15.7 µm. compounds 7 and 8 also showed anti ...201121770434
bioengineering of the enterobacter aerogenes strain for biohydrogen production.enterobacter aerogenes is one of the most widely-studied model strains for fermentative hydrogen production. to improve the hydrogen yield of e. aerogenes, the bioengineering on a biomolecular level and metabolic network level is of importance. in this review, the fermentative technology of e. aerogenes for hydrogen production will be first briefly summarized. and then the bioengineering of e. aerogenes for the improvement of hydrogen yield will be thoroughly reviewed, including the anaerobic me ...201121764301
essential oils from moroccan plants as potential chemosensitisers restoring antibiotic activity in resistant gram-negative bacteria.bacterial drug resistance is a worrying public health problem. antibiotic efflux is a major non-specific resistance mechanism used by bacteria, and efflux pumps are involved in the low-level susceptibility of various important gram-negative pathogens. use of molecules that can block bacterial pumps is an attractive strategy, but several studies report only partial efficacy owing to limits of these molecules (stability, selectivity, bioavailability, toxicity, etc.). the objective of this study wa ...201121752605
genotypic characterization and in vitro activities of tigecycline and polymyxin b for enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems.carbapenam-resistant enterobacteriaceae is increasing. in order to evaluate the effects of tigecycline and polymyxin b against the carbapenam-non-susceptible pathogens, 89 representative clinical isolates of carbapenem-non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae were recovered from 7 hospitals of 4 cities in china during 2006 to 2009, including 30 serratia marcescens, 35 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 enterobacter cloacae, 6 enterobacter aerogenes, 5 escherichia coli, 4 citrobacter freundii, and 2 klebsiella o ...201121835972
antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of the crude extract and compounds of the root bark of allanblackia floribunda.context: allanblackia floribunda oliver (guttiferae) is an african medicinal plant used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. objective:  we investigated the antitumor, radical scavenging, antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the root bark extract of a. floribunda and three isolated phenolics, namely 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (1), morelloflavone (2) and 7'-o-glucoside of morelloflavone (3). materials and methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (dpph) radi ...201120738222
metallo-β-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae from routine samples in an italian tertiary-care hospital and long-term care facilities during 2008.the emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae is a serious public health concern. producers have been repeatedly isolated from patients and long-term care facility (ltcf) residents around bolzano, and we sought to assess their prevalence and clinical impact. all routine enterobacteriaceae isolates from a bolzano tertiary-care hospital and associated long-term care facilities in 2008 (n = 5500) were screened for mbls, with case details reviewed for the source patients. i ...201120345467
development of enterobacter aerogenes fuel cells: from in situ biohydrogen oxidization to direct electroactive biofilm.this study described an enterobacter aerogenes-catalyzed microbial fuel cell (mfc) with a carbon-based anode that exhibited a maximum power density of 2.51 w/m(3) in the absence of artificial electron mediators. the mfc was started up rapidly, within hours, and the current generation in the early stage was demonstrated to result from in situ oxidation of biohydrogen produced by e. aerogenes during glucose fermentation. over periodic replacement of substrate, both planktonic biomass in the cultur ...201120598528
isolation, structure determination and antibacterial activities of succinamide conjugate diacid from acinetobacter sp. bj-l.strain bj-l was isolated from the a water sample taken from xiao yue river in beijing and identified as acinetobacter sp. bj-l based on the study of its morphology, physiology, biochemistry and 16s rrna gene sequence. a new antimicrobial substance was produced after the strain was incubated in potato extract medium at 15°c for 72 h. the antimicrobial substance was sequentially purified by reduced pressure condensation, etoac extract, and silica gel column chromatography. the structure of the ant ...201120630726
probing interaction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells with zno nanorods.in the present work, the physiological effects of the zno nanorods on the gram positive (staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (escherichia coli and aerobacter aerogenes) bacterial cells have been studied. the analysis of bacterial growth curves for various concentrations of zno nanorods indicates that gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells show inhibition at concentrations of ~64 and ~256μg/ml respectively. the marked difference in susceptibility towards nanoro ...201223827568
extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing multidrug resistant urinary isolates from children visiting kathmandu model hospital.a study was conducted to analyze the status of the multidrug resistant (mdr) isolates producing extended spectrum of beta-lactamase (esbl) among the uropathogens infecting children less than 15 years from november 2010 to april 2011 in the bacteriology laboratory, kathmandu model hospital. urine samples received in the laboratory were processed for routine culture. the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined following clinical and laboratory standard institute (clsi) re ...201223671965
etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens from urinary tract infection.urinary tract infection (uti) is the most common infection in both community and hospital patients. in majority of the cases, empirical antimicrobial treatment is practiced before the laboratory results of urine culture. thus, antibiotic resistance may increase in urinary bacterial pathogens due to improper use of drugs. this study was designed to find out the etiological agents of uti and their prevalence, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacterial pathogens isol ...201223671963
design and evaluation of novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents among tetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5-thione s-derivatives.the novel heterocyclization of 5-(2-aminophenyl)-1h-tetrazole with potassium ethylxanthogenate or carbon disulfide was proposed. the potassium salt of the tetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline-5-thione was subsequently modified by alkylation with proper halogen derivatives to (tetrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-ylthio)alkyls, n,n-dialkylethylamines, 1-aryl-2-ethanones, 1-(alkyl)aryl-2-ethanols, carboxylic acids, and esters. the structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by ft-ir, uv-vis, lc-ms ...201223641327
antibacterial activity of halophilic bacterial bionts from marine invertebrates of mandapam-india.marine ecosystem and its organisms, particularly the invertebrates are recent targets of bioprospecting and mining for a large group of structurally unique natural products encompassing a wide variety of chemical classes such as terpenes, polyketides, acetogenins, peptides and alkaloids of varying structures, having pronounced pharmacological activities. in view of the limited reports on the antibacterials produced by bacteria, isolated from marine sponges, corals and bivalves of indian origin, ...201223626388
cytotoxic (a549) and antimicrobial effects of methylobacterium sp. isolate (eri-135) from nilgiris forest soil, india.to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of methylobacterium sp. isolated from soil sample of doddabetta forest, nilgiris, western ghats of tamil nadu.201223570000
in vitro studies of antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of the indian grasses dhaman (cenchrus ciliaris) and kala-dhaman (cenchrus setigerus).the aim of present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of cenchrus ciliaris and cenchrus setigerus extracts in order to use it as a possible source for new antimicrobial substances against important human pathogens. crude extracts of the stem of cenchrus ciliaris and cenchrus setigerus were evaluated against some medically important pathogens viz. escherichia coli, raoultella planticola, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, enterobacter aerogenes, can ...201223439788
antimicrobial isothiocyanates from the seeds of moringa oleifera lam.4-(alpha-l-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (1) and 4-(4'-o-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (2) isolated from moringa oleifera seeds were screened for their antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for their antifungal activities against candida albicans, trichophyton rubrum, and epidermophyton floccosum using the disk ...201223413749
the outcome of treating esbl infections with carbapenems vs. non carbapenem antimicrobials.in india where the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) producing organisms among gram negative organisms is 60-70% and ertapenem was unavailable at the beginning of this study, exclusive use of group 2 carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) for treatment raises issues of cost and development of resistance. therefore the role of non-carbapenem alternatives, chiefly betalactam + betalactamase inhibitors (bl-bli) was explored in this prospective observational study at a private tert ...201223405518
an adaptive response of enterobacter aerogenes to imipenem: regulation of porin balance in clinical isolates.imipenem (ipm) is a carbapenem antibiotic frequently used in severe hospital infections. several reports have mentioned the emergence of resistant isolates exhibiting membrane modifications. a study was conducted between september 2005 and august 2007 to survey infections due to enterobacter aerogenes in patients hospitalised in a french university hospital. resistant e. aerogenes clinical isolates obtained from patients treated with ipm and collected during the 3 months following initiation of ...201223280442
a biorefinery from nannochloropsis sp. microalga--extraction of oils and pigments. production of biohydrogen from the leftover biomass.the microalga nannochloropsis sp. was used in this study, in a biorefinery context, as biomass feedstock for the production of fatty acids for biodiesel, biohydrogen and high added-value compounds. the microalgal biomass, which has a high lipid and pigment content (mainly carotenoids), was submitted to supercritical co2 extraction. the temperature, pressure and solvent flow-rate were evaluated to check their effect on the extraction yield. the best operational conditions to extract 33 g lipids/1 ...201223265815
antimicrobial activity of ulopterol isolated from toddalia asiatica (l.) lam.: a traditional medicinal plant.aim of the study: the leaves of toddalia asiatica (l.) lam. (rutaceae) are widely used in folk medicine in india to treat various ailments. in our earlier communication we have reported the antimicrobial study on the various extracts of the leaves and the isolation and identification of flindersine, a quinolone alkaloid as the major active principle. in the present study, we report the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ulopterol, a coumarin isolated as another major active antimicrobial ...201222265751
antimicrobial activity of food-compatible plant extracts and chitosan against naturally occurring micro-organisms in tomato juice.background: chitosan (ac) and five hydroalcoholic extracts from lithospermum erythrorhizon (se), rheum palmatum (re), thymus vulgaris (at), lippia citriodora (plx) and a mixture of rosmarinus officinalis, salvia lavandulifolia and thymus mastichina (la) were tested for antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi using two broth dilution methods. the effects of adding single extracts on naturally occurring micro-organisms and sensory qualities of raw tomato juice were al ...201222246685
etiology of inflammatory bowel disease: a unified hypothesis.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), including both ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd), emerged and dramatically increased for about a century. despite extensive research, its cause remains regarded as unknown. about a decade ago, a series of findings made me suspect that saccharin may be a key causative factor for ibd, through its inhibition on gut bacteria and the resultant impaired inactivation of digestive proteases and over digestion of the mucus layer and gut barrier (the bacter ...201222553395
influence of substrate mineralogy on bacterial mineralization of calcium carbonate: implications for stone conservation.the influence of mineral substrate composition and structure on bacterial calcium carbonate productivity and polymorph selection was studied. bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation occurred on calcitic (iceland spar single crystals, marble, and porous limestone) and silicate (glass coverslips, porous sintered glass, and quartz sandstone) substrates following culturing in liquid medium (m-3p) inoculated with different types of bacteria (myxococcus xanthus, brevundimonas diminuta, and a carbona ...201222447589
pyrosequencing-based analysis of the microbiome associated with the horn fly, haematobia irritans.the horn fly, haematobia irritans, is one of the most economically important pests of cattle. insecticides have been a major element of horn fly management programs. growing concerns with insecticide resistance, insecticide residues on farm products, and non-availability of new generation insecticides, are serious issues for the livestock industry. alternative horn fly control methods offer the promise to decrease the use of insecticides and reduce the amount of insecticide residues on livestock ...201223028533
regulation of the histidine utilization (hut) system in bacteria.the ability to degrade the amino acid histidine to ammonia, glutamate, and a one-carbon compound (formate or formamide) is a property that is widely distributed among bacteria. the four or five enzymatic steps of the pathway are highly conserved, and the chemistry of the reactions displays several unusual features, including the rearrangement of a portion of the histidase polypeptide chain to yield an unusual imidazole structure at the active site and the use of a tightly bound nad molecule as a ...201222933560
genetic characterization of an extended-spectrum ampc cephalosporinase with hydrolysing activity against fourth-generation cephalosporins in a clinical isolate of enterobacter aerogenes selected in vivo.extended-spectrum ampc cephalosporinases (esacs) have been reported in enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii. here, we characterize a new ampc variant presenting a broadened substrate activity towards fourth-generation cephalosporins, selected in vivo following cefepime treatment for enterobacter aerogenes.201222001269
Stereoselective urinary MDMA (ecstasy) and metabolites excretion kinetics following controlled MDMA administration to humans.The R- and S-enantiomers of racemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) exhibit different dose-concentration curves. In plasma, S-MDMA was eliminated at a higher rate, most likely due to stereoselective metabolism. Similar data were shown in various in vitro experiments. The aim of the present study was the in vivo investigation of stereoselective elimination of MDMA's phase I and phase II metabolites in human urine following controlled oral MDMA administration. Urine samples from 10 partic ...201221983032
Stereoselective urinary MDMA (ecstasy) and metabolites excretion kinetics following controlled MDMA administration to humans.The R- and S-enantiomers of racemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) exhibit different dose-concentration curves. In plasma, S-MDMA was eliminated at a higher rate, most likely due to stereoselective metabolism. Similar data were shown in various in vitro experiments. The aim of the present study was the in vivo investigation of stereoselective elimination of MDMA's phase I and phase II metabolites in human urine following controlled oral MDMA administration. Urine samples from 10 partic ...201221983032
oral or parenteral administration of curcumin does not prevent the growth of high-risk t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells engrafted into a nod/scid mouse model.in this study, the efficacy of orally and parenterally administered curcumin was evaluated in non‑obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (nod/scid) mice (nod.cb17-prkdc(scid)/j mice) engrafted with the human t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia line, sem. sem cells were injected into the tail vein and engraftment was monitored by flow cytometry. once engraftment was observed, the chemotherapeutic potential was examined by injecting mice intraperitoneally with curcumin (5 mg/kg body weigh ...201223232667
oral or parenteral administration of curcumin does not prevent the growth of high-risk t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells engrafted into a nod/scid mouse model.in this study, the efficacy of orally and parenterally administered curcumin was evaluated in non‑obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (nod/scid) mice (nod.cb17-prkdc(scid)/j mice) engrafted with the human t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia line, sem. sem cells were injected into the tail vein and engraftment was monitored by flow cytometry. once engraftment was observed, the chemotherapeutic potential was examined by injecting mice intraperitoneally with curcumin (5 mg/kg body weigh ...201223232667
disruption of p450-mediated vitamin e hydroxylase activities alters vitamin e status in tocopherol supplemented mice and reveals extra-hepatic vitamin e metabolism.the widely conserved preferential accumulation of α-tocopherol (α-toh) in tissues occurs, in part, from selective postabsorptive catabolism of non-α-toh forms via the vitamin e-ω-oxidation pathway. we previously showed that global disruption of cyp4f14, the major but not the only mouse toh-ω-hydroxylase, resulted in hyper-accumulation of γ-toh in mice fed a soybean oil diet. in the current study, supplementation of cyp4f14(-/-) mice with high levels of δ- and γ-toh exacerbated tissue enrichment ...201222969154
dietary resveratrol does not delay engraftment, sensitize to vincristine or inhibit growth of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in nod/scid mice.acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) with translocation t(4;11) is a high-risk leukemia found in 60-85% of infants with all and is often refractory to conventional chemotherapeutics after relapse. to evaluate the efficacy of dietary resveratrol in vivo, 5-week-old nod.cb17-prkdcscid/j mice were fed a control diet or a diet containing 0.2% w/w resveratrol. after 3 weeks of dietary treatment, mice were engrafted with the human t(4;11) all line sem by tail vein injection. engraftment was monitored by ...201223041950
identification of phase ii metabolites of thiol-conjugated [6]-shogaol in mouse urine using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ginger is frequently consumed as a spice and has numerous medicinal properties. extensive research has characterized the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of ginger. previously, we reported the mercapturic acid pathway as a major metabolic route of [6]-shogaol in mice and the thiol conjugates of [6]-shogaol existed in the glucuronidated and sulfated forms in mouse urine. however, their structures are still unknown. in the present study, we further investigated the phase ii ...201223031413
disruption of mouse cytochrome p450 4f14 (cyp4f14 gene) causes severe perturbations in vitamin e metabolism.vitamin e is a family of naturally occurring and structurally related lipophilic antioxidants, one of which, α-tocopherol (α-toh), selectively accumulates in vertebrate tissues. the ω-hydroxylase cytochrome p450-4f2 (cyp4f2) is the only human enzyme shown to metabolize vitamin e. using cdna cloning, cell culture expression, and activity assays, we identified cyp4f14 as a functional murine ortholog of cyp4f2. we then investigated the effect of cyp4f14 deletion on vitamin e metabolism and status i ...201222665481
thermostable bacterial bioflocculant produced by cobetia spp. isolated from algoa bay (south africa).a novel bioflocculant-producing bacteria was isolated from sediment samples of algoa bay in the eastern cape province of south africa and the effect of culture conditions on the bioflocculant production was investigated. analysis of the partial nucleotide sequence of the 16s rdna of the bacteria revealed 99% similarity to cobetia sp. l222 and the sequence was deposited in genbank as cobetia sp. oauife (accession number jf799092). cultivation condition studies revealed that bioflocculant producti ...201222829793
complete genome sequence of klebsiella oxytoca kctc 1686, used in production of 2,3-butanediol.here we report the full genome sequence of klebsiella oxytoca kctc 1686, which is used in production of 2,3-butanediol. the kctc 1686 strain contains 5,974,109 bp with g+c content of 56.05 mol% and contains 5,488 protein-coding genes and 110 structural rnas.201222493189
olefin isomerization regiochemistries during tandem action of baca and bacb on prephenate in bacilysin biosynthesis.baca and bacb, the first two enzymes of the bacilysin pathway, convert prephenate to an exocylic regioisomer of dihydrohydroxyphenylpyruvate (ex-h(2)hpp) on the way to the epoxycyclohexanone warhead in the dipeptide antibiotic, bacilysin. baca decarboxylates prephenate without aromatization, converting the 1,4-diene in prephenate to the endocyclic 1,3-diene in δ(4),δ(8)-dihydrohydroxyphenylpyruvate (en-h(2)hpp). bacb then performs an allylic isomerization to bring the diene into conjugation with ...201222483065
sult1a3-mediated regiospecific 7-o-sulfation of flavonoids in caco-2 cells can be explained by the relevant molecular docking studies.flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with various claimed health benefits, but the extensive metabolism by uridine-5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (ugts) and sulfotransferases (sults) in liver and intestine led to poor oral bioavailabilities. the effects of structural changes on the sulfonation of flavonoids have not been systemically determined, although relevant effects of structural changes on the glucuronidation of flavonoids had. we performed the regiospecific sulfonation of sixteen ...201222352375
the dynamic determinants of reaction specificity in the impdh/gmpr family of (β/α)(8) barrel enzymes.the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh)/guanosine monophosphate reductase (gmpr) family of (β/α)(8) enzymes presents an excellent opportunity to investigate how subtle changes in enzyme structure change reaction specificity. impdh and gmpr bind the same ligands with similar affinities and share a common set of catalytic residues. both enzymes catalyze a hydride transfer reaction involving a nicotinamide cofactor hydride, and both reactions proceed via the same covalent intermediate. in t ...201222332716
trends in neutropenia-related inpatient events.neutropenic complications (ncs) after myelosuppressive chemotherapy are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. we described nc rates by using us hospital discharge data.201222942808
host-targeting protein 1 (sphtp1) from the oomycete saprolegnia parasitica translocates specifically into fish cells in a tyrosine-o-sulphate-dependent manner.the eukaryotic oomycetes, or water molds, contain several species that are devastating pathogens of plants and animals. during infection, oomycetes translocate effector proteins into host cells, where they interfere with host-defense responses. for several oomycete effectors (i.e., the rxlr-effectors) it has been shown that their n-terminal polypeptides are important for the delivery into the host. here we demonstrate that the putative rxlr-like effector, host-targeting protein 1 (sphtp1), from ...201222308362
prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production among uropathogens in south mumbai and its antibiogram pattern.β-lactams are the most widely used group of antimicrobials. however, increasing resistance to these valuable drugs in uropathogens, mediated principally by β-lactamases, has become a major concern. the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producers in clinical isolates of urine specimens, collected from various healthcare centres across south mumbai. a total of 195 gram negative urine isolates were identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ...201227418912
identification and characterization of a novel incompatibility group x3 plasmid carrying bla ndm-1 in enterobacteriaceae isolates with epidemiological links to multiple geographical areas in china.the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1) is one of the most important resistance traits in enterobacteriaceae. we characterized nine bla ndm-1 producing enterobacteriaceae recovered from seven patients who have recently travelled or been treated in india (n=1) or mainland china (n=6) during december 2010-may 2012. all the china-linked patients had no links to the indian subcontinent. the bla ndm-1 carrying plasmids belonged to the novel incx3 (∼50 kb, in seven isolates including two escherichia ...201226038408
rapid identification of eskape bacterial strains using an autonomous microfluidic device.this article describes bacteria id chips ('bacchips'): an inexpensive, portable, and autonomous microfluidic platform for identifying pathogenic strains of bacteria. bacchips consist of a set of microchambers and channels molded in the elastomeric polymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms). each microchamber is preloaded with mono-, di-, or trisaccharides and dried. pressing the layer of pdms into contact with a glass coverslip forms the device; the footprint of the device in this article is ∼6 cm(2 ...201222848451
comparative efficacy evaluation of disinfectants routinely used in hospital practice: india.the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare practically achieved disinfection efficacy of some locally available disinfectants on surfaces and infectious microbiological hospital waste.201223188950
comparative evaluation of a prototype chromogenic medium (chromid carba) for detecting carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in surveillance rectal swabs.carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) are an increasing problem worldwide, and rectal swab surveillance is recommended as a component of infection control programs. the performance of a prototype chromogenic medium (chromid carba) was evaluated and compared with media tested by four other screening methods: (i) overnight selective enrichment in 5 ml tryptic soy broth with a 10-μg ertapenem disk followed by plating onto macconkey agar (cdc-ts), (ii) short selective enrichment in 9 ml b ...201222461675
nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin destroy multiple-antibiotic-resistant isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter aerogenes and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.we show here that silver nanoparticles (agnp) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (aunp) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. both aunp and agnp functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. most importantly, when aunp and agnp were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance me ...201222286985
variable carbon catabolism among salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates.salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) is strictly a human intracellular pathogen. it causes acute systemic (typhoid fever) and chronic infections that result in long-term asymptomatic human carriage. s. typhi displays diverse disease manifestations in human infection and exhibits high clonality. the principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of s. typhi in its human host during acute and chronic infections remain largely unknown and are therefore the main objective of this study.201222662115
pullulanase: role in starch hydrolysis and potential industrial applications.the use of pullulanase (ec 3.2.1.41) has recently been the subject of increased applications in starch-based industries especially those aimed for glucose production. pullulanase, an important debranching enzyme, has been widely utilised to hydrolyse the α-1,6 glucosidic linkages in starch, amylopectin, pullulan, and related oligosaccharides, which enables a complete and efficient conversion of the branched polysaccharides into small fermentable sugars during saccharification process. the indust ...201222991654
molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and qnr determinants in enterobacter species from japan.the incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) has been increasing worldwide, but screening criteria for detection of esbls are not standardized for ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae such as enterobacter species. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of esbls and/or ampc β-lactamases in japanese clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. and the association of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants with esbl producers. a total of 364 clinical isolates of enterobac ...201222719857
mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra and parc in enterobacteriaceae isolates from brazil.mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdr) in chromosomal gyra and parc genes and fluoroquinolone susceptibility profiles were investigated in quinolone-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from community and hospitalized patients in the brazilian southeast region. a total of 112 nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacterial isolates collected from 2000 to 2005 were investigated for mutations in the topoisomerases genes gyra and parc by amplifying and sequencing the qrdr region ...201224031957
antibacterial activity of statins: a comparative study of atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin.statins have several effects beyond their well-known antihyperlipidemic activity, which include immunomodulatory, antioxidative and anticoagulant effects. in this study, we have tested the possible antimicrobial activity of statins against a range of standard bacterial strains and bacterial clinical isolates.201222564676
production of 2,3-butanediol in saccharomyces cerevisiae by in silico aided metabolic engineering.2,3-butanediol is a chemical compound of increasing interest due to its wide applications. it can be synthesized via mixed acid fermentation of pathogenic bacteria such as enterobacter aerogenes and klebsiella oxytoca. the non-pathogenic saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses three different 2,3-butanediol biosynthetic pathways, but produces minute amount of 2,3-butanediol. hence, we attempted to engineer s. cerevisiae strain to enhance 2,3-butanediol production.201222640729
complete genome sequence of enterobacter aerogenes kctc 2190.this is the first complete genome sequence of the enterobacter aerogenes species. here we present the genome sequence of e. aerogenes kctc 2190, which contains 5,280,350 bp with a g + c content of 54.8 mol%, 4,912 protein-coding genes, and 109 structural rnas.201222493190
antimicrobial aflatoxins from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus flavus 092008.a new aflatoxin, aflatoxin b(2b) (1), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the marine-derived fungus aspergillus flavus 092008 endogenous with the mangrove plant hibiscus tiliaceus (malvaceae). the structure of 1 was determined by the spectroscopic and chemical methods. compound 1 exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and enterobacter aerogenes, with mic values of 22.5, 1.7 and 1.1 m, respectively. compound 1 also showed a weak c ...201222941481
in vivo antioxidative property, antimicrobial and wound healing activity of flower extracts of pyrostegia venusta (ker gawl) miers.pyrostegia venusta (ker gawl) miers. (bignoniaceae), has been traditionally used as a remedy for treating white patches and infections on the skin (leukoderma, vitiligo).201222265749
phyto-synthesis of silver nanoscale particles using morinda citrifolia l. and its inhibitory activity against human pathogens.leaf extract of morinda citrifolia l. was assessed for the synthesis of silver nanoscale particles under different temperature and reaction time. synthesized nanoscale (mcagnps) particles were confirmed by analysing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (spr) using uv-visible spectrophotometer at 420 nm. further sem, hrtem analysis confirmed the range of particle size between 10 and 60 nm and sead pattern authorizes the face centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nature of the mcagnps. fourier t ...201222483838
isolation, partial purification and evaluation of bioactive compounds from leaves of ageratum houstonianum.the present study deals with the isolation and partial purification of bioactive compounds from the crude methanol extracts of the leaves of ageratum houstonianum (asteraceae). the quantification and the identification of compounds in the crude extract and active bands isolated by preparative tlc were accomplished using gc-ms analysis. the most important compounds identified in the crude extract and active bands (ab-1 and ab-2) were 6-acetyl-7-methoxy-2, 2-dimethylchromene, hexadecanoic acid and ...201227350770
synthesis, sar and antibacterial activity of hybrid chloro, dichloro-phenylthiazolyl-s-triazines.a series of hybrid novel chloro (1a-9a) and dichloro (10b-18b) phenylthiazolyl-s-triazine were synthesized and subsequently subjected to their antibacterial activity against three gram positive viz. lactobacillus casei (ncim-2651); bacillus cereus (ncim-2458); staphylococcus aureus (ncim-2120) and three gram negative viz salmonella typhimurium (ncim-2501); escherichia coli (ncim-2065); klebsiella aerogenes (ncim-2098). the sar studies around the lead compound revealed that introduction of electr ...201223960775
complex microbiota of a chinese "fen" liquor fermentation starter (fen-daqu), revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.daqu is a traditional fermentation starter that is used for chinese liquor production. although partly mechanized, its manufacturing process has remained traditional. we investigated the microbial diversity of fen-daqu, a starter for light-flavour liquor, using combined culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches (pcr-dgge). a total of 190 microbial strains, comprising 109 bacteria and 81 yeasts and moulds, were isolated and identified on the basis of the sequences of their 16s rdna (ba ...201222608236
in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of ertapenem-non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam.to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of ertapenem-non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae (ense) isolates to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam.201222345386
spread of an ompk36-modified st15 klebsiella pneumoniae variant during an outbreak involving multiple carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae species and clones.we aim to characterise multiple ertapenem-resistant (ert-r, n = 15) enterobacteriaceae isolates identified as presumptive carbapenemase producers in a portuguese hospital in a short period of time (march-july 2010). antibiotic susceptibility patterns, β-lactamases, genetic relatedness [pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multi-locus sequence typing (mlst)], plasmid content and major enterobacterial porins were investigated. ertapenem resistance was associated with deficiencies in major pori ...201222706513
in vitro susceptibility of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates to tigecycline.to assess the in vitro susceptibility of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) isolates to tigecycline.201222833638
class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in southern china.non-duplicate multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (n=1447) isolated from january 2008 to december 2009 were investigated for the presence of integrons as well as characterisation of gene cassettes. among 825 strains carrying the class 1 integrase gene inti1, 461 gene cassette-positive isolates were found. thirty-eight distinct gene cassette arrays were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and dna sequencing analyses. in addition, several novel gene cassette arrays ...201222817917
discovery and biological characterization of geranylated rna in bacteria.a general ms-based screen for unusually hydrophobic cellular small molecule-rna conjugates revealed geranylated rna in escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella enterica var. typhimurium. the geranyl group is conjugated to the sulfur atom in two 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine nucleotides. these geranylated nucleotides occur in the first anticodon position of trna(glu)(uuc), trna(lys)(uuu) and trna(gln)(uug) at a frequency of up to 6.7% (~400 geranylated n ...201222983156
thymus maroccanus essential oil, a membranotropic compound active on gram-negative bacteria and resistant isolates.the effects of thymus maroccanus essential oil (eo) on the integrity of the cell membranes and the permeability of the outer membrane (om) and inner membrane (im) of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and salmonella enterica typhimurium were investigated.201222809088
synthesis, characterization and in vitro antibacterial studies of organotin(iv) complexes with 2-hydroxyacetophenone-2-methylphenylthiosemicarbazone (h(2)dampt).five new organotin(iv) complexes of 2-hydroxyacetophenone-2-methylphenylthiosemicarbazone [h(2)dampt, (1)] with formula [rsncl(n-1)(dampt)] (where r = me, n = 2 (2); r = bu, n = 2 (3); r = ph, n = 2 (4); r = me(2), n = 1 (5); r = ph(2), n = 1 (6)) have been synthesized by direct reaction of h(2)dampt (1) with organotin(iv) chloride(s) in absolute methanol. the ligand (1) and its organotin(iv) complexes (2-6) were characterized by chn analyses, molar conductivity, uv-vis, ft-ir, (1)h, (13)c, and ...201222611347
comparison of sensing strategies in spr biosensor for rapid and sensitive enumeration of bacteria.rapid and sensitive detections of microorganisms are very important for biodefence, food safety, medical diagnosis and pharmaceutics. the present study aims to find out the most proper bioactive surface preparation method to develop rapid, sensitive and selective bacteria biosensor, based on surface plasmon resonance (spr) spectroscopy. escherichia coli (e. coli) was used as a model bacterium and four sensing strategies in spr were tested. three of these strategies are antibody immobilization me ...201222608765
isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage f20 virulent to enterobacter aerogenes.an aquatic phage, designated f20, was characterized and its physico-chemical characteristics studied. f20 was specifically virulent to only two strains of enterobacter aerogenes (atcc 13048 and the multi-drug-resistant strain k113) among other species tested (n = 15). it was classified in the family siphoviridae of t1-like viruses and contained a linear dsdna genome estimated to be 51.5 kbp enclosed by an isometric capsid of 50±2 nm in diameter and a tail of 150±3 nm in length. f20 was able to s ...201222764320
binuclear metallohydrolases: complex mechanistic strategies for a simple chemical reaction.binuclear metallohydrolases are a large family of enzymes that require two closely spaced transition metal ions to carry out a plethora of hydrolytic reactions. representatives include purple acid phosphatases (paps), enzymes that play a role in bone metabolism and are the only member of this family with a heterovalent binuclear center in the active form (fe(3+)-m(2+), m = fe, zn, mn). other members of this family are urease, which contains a di-ni(2+) center and catalyzes the breakdown of urea, ...201222698580
bioconversion of glycerol to ethanol by a mutant enterobacter aerogenes.the main objective of this research is to develop, by adaptive evolution, mutant strains of enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048 that are capable of withstanding high glycerol concentration as well as resisting ethanol-inhibition. the mutant will be used for high ethanol fermentation from glycerol feedstock. ethanol production from pure (p-) and recovered (r-) glycerol using the stock was evaluated. a six-tube-subculture-generations method was used for developing the mutant. this involved subcultur ...201222455837
klebsiella aerogenes uref: identification of the ureg binding site and role in enhancing the fidelity of urease activation.the ni-containing active site of klebsiella aerogenes urease is assembled through the concerted action of the ured, uree, uref, and ureg accessory proteins. uree functions as a metallochaperone that delivers ni to a ured-uref-ureg complex bound to urease apoprotein, with ureg serving as a gtpase during enzyme activation. this study focuses on the role of uref, previously proposed to act as a gtpase activating protein (gap) of ureg. sixteen conserved uref surface residues that may play roles in p ...201222369361
biogenic amine content, histamine-forming bacteria, and adulteration of pork in tuna sausage products.twenty-five tuna sausage products were purchased from retail markets in taiwan. the rates of occurrence of biogenic amines, histamine-forming bacteria, and adulteration by pork and poultry were determined. the average content of various biogenic amines in all tested samples was less than 2.0 mg/100 g (<0.05 to 1.85 mg/100 g). thirteen histamine-producing bacterial strains isolated from tested samples produced 12.1 to 1,261 ppm of histamine in trypticase soy broth supplemented with 1.0% l-histidi ...201223043830
uncommon cause of chest pain in a renal transplantation patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case report.autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) is a common cause of end-stage renal disease (esrd) and, because of its intrinsic systemic involvement, its treatment can be a medical and surgical challenge. this condition is often associated with the presence of hepatic cysts and their prevalence generally increases with age. most patients remain asymptomatic, but some of these will develop complications associated with enlargement and infection of their cysts. chest pain is a rare manifest ...201223026633
deletion of lactate dehydrogenase in enterobacter aerogenes to enhance 2,3-butanediol production.2,3-butanediol is an important bio-based chemical product, because it can be converted into several c4 industrial chemicals. in this study, a lactate dehydrogenase-deleted mutant was constructed to improve 2,3-butanediol productivity in enterobacter aerogenes. to delete the gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase, λ red recombination method was successfully adapted for e. aerogenes. the resulting strain produced a very small amount of lactate and 16.7% more 2,3-butanediol than that of the wild-type ...201222297429
isolation and identification of chromium-resistant bacteria: test application for prevention of chromium toxicity in plant.the purpose of this study was to isolate chromium resistant bacteria and characterize in depth before being applied for bioremediation or construction of chromium biosesnors. one of the major objectives was to identify the most useful strains with respect to chromium removal efficiency. chromium resistant bacteria were isolated from tannery waste samples. these were characterized through biochemical tests and antibiotic assays. cross metal reactivity, plasmid curing and cysteine quantifications ...201222242876
bactericidal effect of s-nitrosothiols against clinical isolates from keratitis.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of two nitric oxide donors, ie, s-nitrosoglutathione (gsno) and s-nitroso-n-acetylcysteine (snac), against clinical isolates from patients with infectious keratitis.201223204833
antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and compounds from dioscorea bulbifera.dioscorea bulbifera is an african medicinal plant used to treat microbial infections. in the present study, the methanol extract, fractions (dbb1 and dbb2) and six compounds isolated from the bulbils of d. bulbifera, namely bafoudiosbulbins a (1), b (2), c (3), f (4), g (5) and 2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene (6), were tested for their antimicrobial activities against mycobacteria and gram-negative bacteria involving multidrug resistant (mdr) phenotypes expressing active efflux pumps.201223176193
the rhizome of the multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes genome reveals how new "killer bugs" are created because of a sympatric lifestyle.here, we sequenced the 5,419,609 bp circular genome of an enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolate that killed a patient and was resistant to almost all current antibiotics (except gentamicin) commonly used to treat enterobacterial infections, including colistin. genomic and phylogenetic analyses explain the discrepancies of this bacterium and show that its core genome originates from another genus, klebsiella. atypical characteristics of this bacterium (i.e., motility, presence of ornithine deca ...201323071100
klebsiella michiganensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from a tooth brush holder.isolate w14(t) recovered from a household tooth brush holder was found to be gram-negative, a facultative anaerobic, non-motile, capsulated, and a non-endospore-forming straight rod. based on phylogenetic analysis with 16s rrna gene sequence, isolate w14(t) was affiliated to the genus klebsiella. the closest phylogenetic relative was k. oxytoca with 99 % similarity in the 16s rrna gene sequence. the major whole-cell fatty acids were c(16:0) (31.23 %), c(18:1ω6c)/c(18:1ω7c) (21.10 %), and c(16:1ω ...201323053492
infection due to colistin-resistant enterobacteriacae in critically-ill patients.this study was conducted in response to the rising incidence of drug resistance observed in the intensive care unit (icu) of king fahad medical city.201324129623
development of a practical complete-kill assay to evaluate anti-acanthamoeba drugs.acanthamoeba keratitis is a debilitating eye disease that requires effective topical drug therapy. currently, there is no standard in vitro test to evaluate anti-acanthamoeba drugs.201324077460
extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and screening of fruits of terminalia chebula retz. for its antimicrobial potential.terminalia chebula is called the "king of medicines" in tibet and is always listed first in the ayurvedic meteria medica because of its extraordinary powers of healing.201323901211
analysis of a soluble (ured:uref:ureg)2 accessory protein complex and its interactions with klebsiella aerogenes urease by mass spectrometry.maturation of the nickel-containing urease of klebsiella aerogenes is facilitated by the ured, uref, and ureg accessory proteins along with the uree metallo-chaperone. a fusion of the maltose binding protein and ured (mbp-ured) was co-isolated with uref and ureg in a soluble complex possessing a (mbpured: uref:ureg)2 quaternary structure. within this complex a uref:uref interaction was identified by chemical cross-linking of the amino termini of its two uref protomers, as shown by mass spectrome ...201323797863
engineered enterobacter aerogenes for efficient utilization of sugarcane molasses in 2,3-butanediol production.sugarcane molasses is considered to be a good carbon source for biorefinery due to its high sugar content and low price. sucrose occupies more than half of the sugar in the molasses. enterobacter aerogenes is a good host strain for 2,3-butanediol production, but its utilization of sucrose is not very efficient. to improve sucrose utilization in e. aerogenes, a sucrose regulator (scrr) was disrupted from the genomic dna. the deletion mutation increased the sucrose consumption rate significantly w ...201323644066
determination and frying loss of histamine in striped marlin fillets implicated in a foodborne poisoning.an incident of foodborne poisoning causing illness in 67 victims due to ingestion of fried fish fillets occurred in june 2011, in southern taiwan. of the five suspected fish fillets, one fried sample contained 62.0 mg/100 g and one raw sample contained 89.6 mg/100 g histamine, levels which are greater than the potential hazard action level (50 mg/100 g) in most illness cases. given the allergy-like symptoms of the victims and the high histamine content in the suspected fish samples, this foodbor ...201323643129
in vivo transmission of a plasmid containing the kpc-2 gene in a single patient.here we describe a case of in vivo horizontal interspecies transmission of a kpc-2-producing plasmid from a klebsiella pneumoniae to an enterobacter aerogenes strain in the same patient. the patient's gut flora initially contained a carbapenem-susceptible e. aerogenes strain and 10 days after admission a kpc-2-positive k. pneumoniae. three months after admission, a kpc-2-positive e. aerogenes was identified in fecal surveillance cultures. this isolate was isogenic with the initial e. aerogenes a ...201327873604
impact of the prone position in an animal model of unilateral bacterial pneumonia undergoing mechanical ventilation.the prone position (pp) has proven beneficial in patients with severe lung injury subjected to mechanical ventilation (mv), especially in those with lobar involvement. we assessed the impact of pp on unilateral pneumonia in rabbits subjected to mv.201323416383
optimization of cultural conditions for conversion of glycerol to ethanol by enterobacter aerogenes s012.the aim of this research is to optimize the cultural conditions for the conversion of glycerol to ethanol by enterobacter aerogenes s012. taguchi method was used to screen the cultural conditions based on their signal to noise ratio (sn). temperature (°c), agitation speed (rpm) and time (h) were found to have the highest influence on both glycerol utilization and ethanol production by the organism while ph had the lowest. full factorial design, statistical analysis, and regression model equation ...201323388539
search for new tools to combat gram-negative resistant bacteria among amine derivatives of 5-arylidenehydantoin.a series of amine-alkyl derivatives of 5-arylidenehydantoin 3-21 was evaluated for their ability to improve antibiotic effectiveness in two strains of gram-negative enterobacter aerogenes: the reference strain (atcc-13048) and the chloramphenicol-resistant derivative over-producing the acrab-tolc efflux pump (cm-64). three antibiotics, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and sparfloxacin were used as markers of efflux pump activity. new compounds (5-16) were obtained within 3-4 step synthesis using ...201323218781
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine seaweed sargassum cinereum and their antibacterial activity.seaweed extracts of sargassum cinereum was used as a reducing agent in the eco-friendly extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (agno3). high conversion of silver ions to silver nanoparticles was achieved with a reaction temperature of 100(°) and a seaweed extract concentration of 10% with a residential time of 3 h. formation of silver nanoparticles was characterised by spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscope. the average particle ...201324403664
biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by enterobacter aerogenes tj-d isolated from activated sludge.bacterial strain enterobacter aerogenes tj-d capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. the ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by e. aerogenes tj-d was investigated under denitrifying conditions. under optimal conditions of temperature (35 degrees c) and initial ph 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/l was degraded within 176 hr. the degradation of 2-methylquinoline by e. aerogenes tj-d cou ...201324218841
evidence-based docking of the urease activation complex.ureases require accessory proteins for their activation and proper function. in klebsiella aerogenes, ured, uref, ureg, and uree are sequentially complexed to ureabc as required for its activation. until now, only low-resolution structures are available for this activation complex. to circumvent such limitation, our work intends to provide an atomic-level model for the (ureabc-uredfg)₃ complex from k. aerogenes, by employing comparative modeling associated to sequential macromolecular dockings, ...201322962938
promiscuity comes at a price: catalytic versatility vs efficiency in different metal ion derivatives of the potential bioremediator gpdq.the glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes (gpdq) is a highly promiscuous dinuclear metallohydrolase with respect to both substrate specificity and metal ion composition. while this promiscuity may adversely affect the enzyme's catalytic efficiency its ability to hydrolyse some organophosphates (ops) and by-products of op degradation have turned gpdq into a promising candidate for bioremedial applications. here, we investigated both metal ion binding and the effect of the metal ion ...201322366468
[epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) enterobacteriaceae in a general hospital, south of france, 1999-2007].the global epidemiology of extended spectrum betalactamases (esbl) producing enterobacteriaceae has evolved in recent years with the emergence of a new type of esbl: ctx-m, mainly in escherichia coli. these ctx-m type producing enterobacteriaceae are responsible for both nosocomial and, more recently, community infections, including urinary tract infections. the aim of our work is to study esbl producing enterobacteriaceae evolution between 1999 and 2007 in the population from the centre hospita ...201322483784
cytotoxicity, mode of action and antibacterial activities of selected saudi arabian medicinal plants.the flora of saudi arabia is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the arabian peninsula and comprises very important genetic resources of crop and medicinal plants. the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the antibacterial activities of the organic extracts from twenty six saudi arabian medicinal plants. the study was also extended to the investigation of the effects of the extracts from the four best plants, ononis serrata (sy160), haplophyllum tuberculatum (sy177 ...201324330397
development of glycerol-utilizing escherichia coli strain for the production of bioethanol.the production of bioethanol was studied using recombinant escherichia coli with glycerol as a carbon source. glycerol is an attractive feedstock for biofuels production since it is generated as a major byproduct in biodiesel industry; therefore, we investigated the conversion of glycerol to bioethanol using e. coli bl21 (de3) which harbors several genes in ethanol production pathway of enterobacter aerogenes kctc 2190. fermentation was carried out at 34°c for 42h, ph 7.6, using defined producti ...201323830464
fast coliform detection in portable microbe enrichment unit (pmeu) with colilert(®) medium and bubbling.laboratory strains of coliforms escherichia coli and klebsiella mobilis were used to artificially contaminate water samples in two different cultivation and detection systems, without and with bubble flow. samples were collected with an automated system (ascs). the positive coliform signal caused the color change into yellow (at 550-570nm). this signal could also be transmitted on-line to cell phones. e. coli containing samples emitted uv fluorescence at 480-560nm when activated by uv light. if ...201323790362
national multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb) surveillance in france through the raisin network: a 9 year experience.in the mid-1990s, the prevalence rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb) in french hospitals was high and control of mdrb spread then became a major priority in the national infection control programme (icp).201323194721
genetic characterization of tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes.the intrinsically encoded rama gene has been linked to tigecycline resistance through the up-regulation of efflux pump acrab in enterobacter cloacae. the molecular basis for increased rama expression in e. cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as the role of arac regulator rara, has not yet been shown. to ascertain the intrinsic molecular mechanism(s) involved in tigecycline resistance in enterobacter spp., we analysed the expression levels of rama and rara and corresponding efflux pump ge ...201323349441
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