Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| ceacam1a-/- mice are completely resistant to infection by murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59. | ceacam1a glycoproteins are members of the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily and the carcinoembryonic antigen family. isoforms expressing either two or four alternatively spliced ig-like domains in mice have been found in a number of epithelial, endothelial, or hematopoietic tissues. ceacam1a functions as an intercellular adhesion molecule, an angiogenic factor, and a tumor cell growth inhibitor. moreover, the mouse and human ceacam1a proteins are targets of viral or bacterial pathogens, respective ... | 2004 | 15331748 |
| a family of variably expressed outer-membrane proteins (vomp) mediates adhesion and autoaggregation in bartonella quintana. | bartonella species are fastidious, gram-negative human pathogens that can persist in the host bloodstream for years and bind to and invade several types of host cells. for many pathogens, adhesion to host cells and extracellular matrix (ecm) components is a critical virulence determinant. bacteria often vary expression of surface adhesins by phase or antigenic variation to subvert the host immune response and permit adaptive interaction with different host structures. we developed a macaque anim ... | 2004 | 15347808 |
| [etiology of acute otitis media in a children's hospital and antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria involved]. | this study provides an update on the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in our area, the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria implicated in this condition, and the prevalence of circulating streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes. | 2004 | 15355766 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis to 14 oral antibiotics. | data on the in vitro activities of orally administered cephalosporins, particularly third-generation cephalosporins, against recent pathogens responsible for community-respiratory tract infection are lacking. | 2004 | 15361938 |
| characteristics of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from the nasopharynges of asymptomatic children and molecular analysis of s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae strain replacement in the nasopharynx. | nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in 226 children in different settings (in a crèche [day care center], in an orphanage, and at home) during two seasons (winter and spring) was studied. the rates of carriage of s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae were markedly higher in the crèche and in the orphanage than in the home setting (e.g., 56.5, 63.3, and 25.9%, respectively, for s. pneumoniae in winter). approximately 80% of the s. pneum ... | 2004 | 15364973 |
| use of an oligonucleotide array for laboratory diagnosis of bacteria responsible for acute upper respiratory infections. | we developed a diagnostic array of oligonucleotide probes targeting species-specific variable regions of the genes encoding topoisomerases gyrb and pare of respiratory bacterial pathogens. suitable broad-range primer sequences were designed based on alignment of gyrb/pare sequences from nine different bacterial species. these species included corynebacterium diphtheriae, fusobacterium necrophorum, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, staph ... | 2004 | 15365022 |
| [infections in chronic obstructive pulmonery disease]. | infection plays an important role in copd, particularly during exacerbations. the principal pathogens involved in exacerbations are viruses (influenza and parainfluenza virus, picornavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus). bacteria (mainly haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis) are isolated from sputum in approximately 50% of exacerbations and 25% of patients with stable state. recent data favor of a proinflammatory role of these bacteria in the natural histo ... | 2004 | 15368925 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (2002)]. | from october 2002 to september 2003, we collected the specimen from 476 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 16 institutions in japan, and investigated the susceptibilities of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial agents and patients' characteristics. of 584 strains that were isolated from specimen (mainly from sputum) and assumed to be bacteria causing in inflammation, 578 strains were examined. the breakdown of the isolated bacteria were: staphylococcus aureus 77, streptoco ... | 2004 | 15376784 |
| the emerging pathogen moraxella catarrhalis interacts with complement inhibitor c4b binding protein through ubiquitous surface proteins a1 and a2. | moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein a2 (uspa2) mediates resistance to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. in this study, an interaction between the complement fluid phase regulator of the classical pathway, c4b binding protein (c4bp), and m. catarrhalis mutants lacking uspa1 and/or uspa2 was analyzed by flow cytometry and a ria. two clinical isolates of m. catarrhalis expressed uspa2 at a higher density than uspa1. the uspa1 mutants showed a decreased c4bp binding (37.6 ... | 2004 | 15383594 |
| antimicrobial evaluation of nocathiacins, a thiazole peptide class of antibiotics. | nocathiacins are cyclic thiazolyl peptides with inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria. bms-249524 (nocathiacin i), identified from screening a library of compounds against a multiply antibiotic-resistant enterococcus faecium strain, was used as a lead chemotype to obtain additional structurally related compounds. the mic assay results of bms-249524 and two more water-soluble derivatives, bms-411886 and bms-461996, revealed potent in vitro activities against a variety of gram-positiv ... | 2004 | 15388422 |
| pneumococcal vaccination does not affect the genetic diversity of moraxella catarrhalis isolates in children. | 2004 | 15449099 | |
| prulifloxacin. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. after absorption, prulifloxacin is metabolised by esterases to ulifloxacin. the drug has a long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily administration. ulifloxacin is generally more active in vitro than other fluoroquinolones against a variety of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, including community and nosocomial isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus, providenc ... | 2004 | 15456336 |
| in vitro activity of ertapenem against selected respiratory pathogens. | the in vitro activity of ertapenem was evaluated in comparison to 21 selected agents against a large collection of recently isolated respiratory tract pathogens including: 180 streptococcus pneumoniae, 100 streptococcus pyogenes, 70 haemophilus influenzae, 70 moraxella catarrhalis, 100 methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and 30 klebsiella pneumoniae. additional in vitro tests (time-kill curves with ertapenem alone and in combination with four other agents) for s. pneumoniae were carrie ... | 2004 | 15472001 |
| high prevalence of genital mycoplasmas among sexually active young adults with urethritis or cervicitis symptoms in la crosse, wisconsin. | sexually active young adults in the small college town of la crosse, wisconsin, were evaluated for conventional sexually transmitted pathogens and tested for infections with mycoplasmas. the prevalence in 65 symptomatic men or women and 137 healthy volunteers (67 men and 70 women) was compared. urine specimens from both cohorts were tested by ligase chain reaction for chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoeae. in addition, the urethral or cervical swabs from the symptomatic subjects were te ... | 2004 | 15472322 |
| [cross-reactions between the antigens of healthy pulmonary tissue and moraxella catarrhalis]. | the study of cross-reactions between healthy pulmonary tissue antigens and moraxella catarrhalis with the use of sds-electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed that in the component of healthy pulmonary tissue with a mol. wt. of 40 kd epitopes existed to which antibodies were produced, capable of cross reaction with the components of m. catarrhalis with a mol. wt. of 35 kd and 70 kd. in addition, the presence of cross-reactions between cytokeratin-8, protein contained in healthy pulmonary tissu ... | 2004 | 15481918 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of cefdinir against isolates of respiratory tract pathogens in children]. | to study the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefdinir against clinical isolates of respiratory tract pathogens in children. | 2004 | 15482675 |
| detection rates of bacteria in chronic otitis media with effusion in children. | this study was performed to investigate polymerase chain reaction-based detection of bacterial dna in middle ear fluid and assess the correlation between the pcr-positive rate with several factors associated with middle ear effusion. the purpose was to gain a further understanding of bacterial infection as a major cause of otitis media with effusion. of the 278 specimens of middle ear fluid, 39 (14%) tested positive by ordinary culture. the overall detection rate of bacterial dna using the pcr m ... | 2004 | 15483353 |
| mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. serious infections requiring hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ systems. the severity of disease appears to be related to the degree to which the host immune response reacts to the infection. extrapulmonary complications i ... | 2004 | 15489344 |
| comparative in vitro activity of a pharmacokinetically enhanced oral formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2000/125 mg twice daily) against 9172 respiratory isolates collected worldwide in 2000. | a new, pharmacokinetically enhanced, oral formulation of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid has been developed to overcome resistance in the major bacterial respiratory pathogen streptococcus pneumoniae, while maintaining excellent activity against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, including beta-lactamase producing strains. this study was conducted to provide in vitro susceptibility data for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and 16 comparator agents against the key respiratory tract pathogen ... | 2004 | 15494258 |
| expression of type iv pili by moraxella catarrhalis is essential for natural competence and is affected by iron limitation. | type iv pili, filamentous surface appendages primarily composed of a single protein subunit termed pilin, play a crucial role in the initiation of disease by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. although previous electron microscopic studies suggested that pili might be present on the surface of moraxella catarrhalis isolates, detailed molecular and phenotypic analyses of these structures have not been reported to date. we identified and cloned the m. catarrhalis genes encoding pila, the major p ... | 2004 | 15501752 |
| identification of a hemin utilization protein of moraxella catarrhalis (huma). | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of acute otitis media in young children and has also been implicated as an important cause of exacerbations in adults with underlying pulmonary disease. due to the considerable level of antibiotic resistance and the high degree of carriage rates in young children, it is likely that the incidence of m. catarrhalis infections will continue to rise. m. catarrhalis is a strict human respiratory pathogen, and this bacterium uses both transferrin and lactoferrin ... | 2004 | 15501773 |
| moraxella catarrhalis coaggregates with streptococcus pyogenes and modulates interactions of s. pyogenes with human epithelial cells. | the pathogens streptococcus pyogenes and moraxella catarrhalis colonize overlapping regions of the human nasopharynx. we have found that m. catarrhalis can dramatically increase s. pyogenes adherence to human epithelial cells and that species-specific coaggregation of these bacteria correlates with this enhanced adherence. | 2004 | 15501804 |
| activities of two novel macrolides, gw 773546 and gw 708408, compared with those of telithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin against haemophilus influenzae. | the mic at which 50% of strains are inhibited (mic(50)) and the mic(90) of gw 773546, a novel macrolide, were 1.0 and 2.0 microg/ml, respectively, for 223 beta-lactamase-positive, beta-lactamase-negative, and beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae strains. the mic(50)s and mic(90)s of gw 708408, a second novel macrolide, and telithromycin, an established ketolide, were 2.0 and 4.0 microg/ml, respectively, while the mic(50) and mic(90) of azithromycin were 1.0 and 2.0 ... | 2004 | 15504829 |
| acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a primary care consensus guideline. | to develop consensus on appropriate treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). characteristics and etiology: patients with chronic bronchitis have an irreversible reduction in maximal airflow velocity and a productive cough on most days of the month for 3 months over 2 consecutive years. an aecb is characterized by a period of unstable lung function with worsening airflow and other symptoms. most (80%) cases of aecb are due to infection, with half due to aerobic bacteria. the ... | 2004 | 15521160 |
| risk of bacterial infection in previously healthy respiratory syncytial virus-infected young children admitted to the intensive care unit. | to evaluate the risk of bacterial infection and use of antibiotics in otherwise healthy children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) admitted to the intensive care unit (icu). | 2004 | 15545852 |
| the potential effect of widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the practice of pediatric otolaryngology: the case of acute otitis media. | this review provides the otolaryngologist with the evolving understanding of various aspects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs) that are related to their effect on the respiratory tract | 2004 | 15548905 |
| [specific features of humoral immunity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis patients]. | cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) is a severe autoimmune disease of unclear etiology and prognostically unfavorable. the complexity of the diagnostics of this disease makes it necessary to search for new methods; for this reason immunity in cfa patients must be studied. the study of humoral organ-specific, organ-unspecific and antibacterial immunity of cfa patients revealed that the latter differed from the members of the groups used for comparison by a higher frequency of positive reaction ... | 2004 | 15554319 |
| antibacterial resistance among children with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (protekt 1999-2000). | to determine the susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens, isolated from children (0-12 years) as part of the global protekt surveillance study (1999-2000), to a range of antibacterials, including the ketolide telithromycin. | 2004 | 14667791 |
| in vitro and bactericidal activities of abt-492, a novel fluoroquinolone, against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. | in vitro activities of abt-492, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin were compared. abt-492 was more potent against quinolone-susceptible and -resistant gram-positive organisms, had activity similar to that of ciprofloxacin against certain members of the family enterobacteriaceae, and had comparable activity against quinolone-susceptible, nonfermentative, gram-negative organisms. bactericidal activity of abt-492 was also evaluated. | 2004 | 15215148 |
| phase and antigenic variation in bacteria. | phase and antigenic variation result in a heterogenic phenotype of a clonal bacterial population, in which individual cells either express the phase-variable protein(s) or not, or express one of multiple antigenic forms of the protein, respectively. this form of regulation has been identified mainly, but by no means exclusively, for a wide variety of surface structures in animal pathogens and is implicated as a virulence strategy. this review provides an overview of the many bacterial proteins a ... | 2004 | 15258095 |
| caregivers' practices, knowledge and beliefs of antibiotics in paediatric upper respiratory tract infections in trinidad and tobago: a cross-sectional study. | antibiotic overuse and misuse for upper respiratory tract infections in children is widespread and fuelled by public attitudes and expectations. this study assessed knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding antibiotic use for these paediatric infections among children's caregivers' in trinidad and tobago in the english speaking caribbean. | 2004 | 15574193 |
| [18f]ciprofloxacin, a new positron emission tomography tracer for noninvasive assessment of the tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in humans. | the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the fluorine-18-labeled fluoroquinolone antibiotic [(18)f]ciprofloxacin in tissue were studied noninvasively in humans by means of positron emission tomography (pet). special attention was paid to characterizing the distribution of [(18)f]ciprofloxacin to select target tissues. healthy volunteers (n = 12) were orally pretreated for 5 days with therapeutic doses of unlabeled ciprofloxacin. on day 6, subjects received a tracer dose (mean injected amount, ... | 2004 | 15388445 |
| mapk-dependent regulation of il-1- and beta-adrenoreceptor-induced inflammatory cytokine production from mast cells: implications for the stress response. | catecholamines, such as epinephrine, are elaborated in stress responses, and mediate vasoconstriction to cause elevation in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. our previous study has shown that il-1 can induce mast cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines which are involved in atherogenesis. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of epinephrine on il-1-induced proatherogenic cytokine production from mast cells. | 2004 | 15383152 |
| improving m cell mediated transport across mucosal barriers: do certain bacteria hold the keys? | specialized microfold (m) cells of the follicle-associated epithelium (fae) of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) in gut and the respiratory system play an important role in the genesis of both mucosal and systemic immune responses by delivering antigenic substrate to the underlying lymphoid tissue where immune responses start. although it has been shown that dendritic cells (dc) also have the ability to sample antigens directly from the gut lumen, m cells certainly remain the most im ... | 2004 | 15312131 |
| steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cethromycin. | the objective of this study was to determine the steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered cethromycin in healthy volunteers. the study design included administering 150 or 300 mg of cethromycin once daily to 25 or 35 healthy adult subjects, respectively, for a total of five doses. standardized and timed bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was performed after the last dose. blood was obtained for drug assay prior to the first and last dose, at multiple tim ... | 2004 | 15328118 |
| activity of telithromycin and comparators against bacterial pathogens isolated from 1,336 patients with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis. | increasing antimicrobial resistance among the key pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections has the potential to limit the effectiveness of antibiotics available to treat these infections. since there are regional differences in the susceptibility patterns observed and treatment is frequently empirical, the selection of antibiotic therapy may be challenging. protekt, a global, longitudinal multicentre surveillance study, tracks the activity of telithromycin and co ... | 2004 | 15287988 |
| quality control guidelines for bal9141 (ro 63-9141), an investigational cephalosporin, when reference mic and standardized disk diffusion susceptibility test methods are used. | bal9141 is a novel cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity, including activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. this multicenter study was performed to establish quality control (qc) guidelines for susceptibility testing of bal9141 in phase 3 clinical trials and after u.s. food and drug administration approval. the proposed 3 or 4 log(2) dilution mic ranges encompass 97.8 to 100.0% of reported results, while the proposed 7- to 9-mm-zone-diameter qc ranges included 95.2 to 99. ... | 2004 | 15243116 |
| structured representation of the pharmacodynamics section of the summary of product characteristics for antibiotics: application for automated extraction and visualization of their antimicrobial activity spectra. | the aim of this study was to construct automatically a knowledge base concerning the pharmacodynamic properties of antibiotics and a visualization tool. | 2004 | 15064283 |
| physician behaviour for antimicrobial prescribing for paediatric upper respiratory tract infections: a survey in general practice in trinidad, west indies. | upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) are among the most frequent reasons for physician office visits in paediatrics. despite their predominant viral aetiology, urtis continue to be treated with antimicrobials. we explored general practitioners' (gps) prescribing behaviour for antimicrobials in children (< or = 16 years) with urtis in trinidad, using the guidelines from the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) as a reference. | 2004 | 15196306 |
| intranasal immunization with a colloid-formulated bacterial extract induces an acute inflammatory response in the lungs and elicits specific immune responses. | nonspecific stimulation of lung defenses by repeated oral administration of immunomodulators, such as bacterial extracts, has shown potential for the prevention of respiratory tract infections. here, we show that intranasal (i.n.) immunization with a bacterial extract formulated as a colloid induces an acute inflammatory response in the lungs characterized by increased production of ccl and cxcl chemokines and a major influx of dendritic cells (dcs) and neutrophils, with a higher proportion of d ... | 2004 | 15102776 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the us food and drug administration in 2003 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2004 | 15047565 | |
| phagocytosis, innate immunity, and host-pathogen specificity. | 2004 | 14707110 | |
| bacterial tracheitis in children: approach to diagnosis and treatment. | bacterial tracheitis is due to a secondary bacterial infection of the trachea, resulting in the formation of mucopurulent exudates that may acutely obstruct the upper airway, resulting in a life-threatening condition. bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with acute upper airway obstruction. this diagnosis should also be considered in any child with viral croup that is nonresponsive to conventional therapy. the only definitive way to diagnose bacter ... | 2004 | 19654977 |
| colonization and infection of the respiratory tract: what do we know? | 2004 | 19654976 | |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem. | the doripenem mics at which 90% of the tested strains were inhibited ranged from 0.03 to 1 microg/ml for 10 species of enterobacteriaceae (n = 351), from 0.03 to 0.12 microg/ml for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci (n = 119), from 4 to 32 microg/ml for oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (n = 64), from < or =0.008 to 0.06 microg/ml for penicillin-susceptible streptococci (n = 132), and from 1 to 4 microg/ml for penicillin-resistant streptococci (n = 51). overall, doripenem demonstrated in vitro ... | 2004 | 15047550 |
| moraxella catarrhalis--infected alveolar epithelium induced monocyte recruitment and oxidative burst. | the recruitment of monocytes appears to be a crucial factor for inflammatory lung disease. alveolar epithelial cells contribute to monocyte influx into the lung, but their impact on monocyte inflammatory capacity is not entirely clear. we thus analyzed the modulation of monocyte oxidative burst by a549 and isolated human alveolar epithelial cells. epithelial infection with moraxella catarrhalis induced monocyte adhesion, transepithelial migration, and superoxide generation, whereas stimulation w ... | 2005 | 15557018 |
| [in vitro susceptibilites to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 11,475 clinical isolates obtained from 52 centers in 2002]. | the susceptibilities of bacteria to fluoroquinolones (fqs), especially levofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents were investigated using 11,475 clinical isolates collected in japan during 2002. methicillin susceptible staphylococci, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, the family of enterobactericeae, haemophilus influenzae and acinetobacter spp. exhibited stable and high susceptibilities to fqs. the rate of fqs-resistant mrsa was 80 approximately 90%, bein ... | 2005 | 15849869 |
| telithromycin: the first ketolide for the treatment of respiratory infections. | the pharmacology, mechanisms of resistance, in vitro activity, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of telithromycin in the treatment of respiratory infections are reviewed. | 2005 | 15851496 |
| mechanism of action of a novel series of naphthyridine-type ribosome inhibitors: enhancement of trna footprinting at the decoding site of 16s rrna. | the novel ribosome inhibitors (nris) are a broad-spectrum naphthyridine class that selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (p. j. dandliker et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 47:3831-3839, 2003). footprinting experiments, using a range of nris and chemical modification agents on escherichia coli ribosomes, revealed no evidence for direct protection of rrna. in the presence of trna, however, we found that nris enhanced the known ribosomal footprinting pattern of trna in a dose-depende ... | 2005 | 15855511 |
| antipneumococcal activity of ceftobiprole, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftobiprole (previously known as bal9141), an anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin, was very highly active against a panel of 299 drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci, with mic(50) and mic(90) values (microg/ml) of 0.016 and 0.016 (penicillin susceptible), 0.06 and 0.5 (penicillin intermediate), and 0.5 and 1.0 (penicillin resistant). ceftobiprole, imipenem, and ertapenem had lower mics against all pneumococcal strains than amoxicillin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ce ... | 2005 | 15855516 |
| pharmacodynamics of an 800-mg dose of telithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by extracellular pathogens. | the pharmacodynamics of telithromycin, a new ketolide antibacterial, was examined in 115 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). patients received telithromycin 800 mg qd for 7-10 days. pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, and exposure was linked to microbiological outcome using logistic regression analysis. a breakpoint for increased probability of microbiological eradication was developed and was found to be the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve (auc) to minimum ... | 2005 | 15878442 |
| treatment of acute exacerbation of severe-to-very severe copd with azithromycin in patients vaccinated against streptococcus pneumoniae. | sixty-five consecutive eligible adult patients, who were treated as outpatients for stable severe-to-very severe copd, were enrolled in the study. all of them received 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine intramuscularly. patients were seen monthly, as well as whenever they had symptoms suggestive of an exacerbation, at our outpatient clinic. eighteen out of 65 patients suffered from acute exacerbation (aecopd). three of these patients presented two episodes of aecopd. patients ... | 2005 | 15878482 |
| microbiology of middle ear effusions from 292 patients undergoing tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear disease. | otitis media is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood illnesses. ideally, culture directed therapy for otitis media would be available, however, the common approach is to treat infections with antibiotics that cover the most common pathogens. the objective of this study is to describe the pathogens cultured from the middle ear effusions (mee) of patients that underwent tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear disease, compare these results with previous studies, and assess for trends su ... | 2005 | 15885332 |
| steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tigecycline. | the steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of tigecycline were determined after intravenous administration in 30 subjects. tigecycline was administered as a 100mg loading dose followed by six 50mg doses given every 12h and was measured using hplc/mass spectrometry. ratios of tigecycline maximum serum concentration and area under the serum concentration-time curve to 90%-minimum inhibitory concentrations (c(max)/mic(90); auc/mic(90)), and percentage t ... | 2005 | 15885987 |
| long-term effects on the nasopharyngeal flora of children following antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media with cefdinir or amoxycillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of 10 days of amoxycillin-clavulanate or cefdinir antimicrobial therapy was studied in 50 children with acute otitis media. before therapy, 17 potential pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) were isolated from the nasopharynx of 14 (56%) of those treated with amoxycillin-clavulanate, and 20 potential pathogens were recovered from 15 (60%) of those treated with cefdinir. following therapy, at days 12 ... | 2005 | 15888464 |
| bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with nasal polyposis. | aspirates from 48 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses from patients who had nasal polyposis were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. bacterial growth was present in 46 (96%) specimens. aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 6 (13%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria alone in 18 (39%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 22 (48%). there were 110 bacterial isolates (2.4 per specimen). thirty-nine of the isolates were aerobic or facultative organisms (0.85 per specimen). th ... | 2005 | 15888469 |
| telithromycin: a ketolide antibiotic for treatment of respiratory tract infections. | telithromycin, a recently approved ketolide antibiotic derived from 14-membered macrolides, is active against erythromycin-resistant pneumococci. telithromycin has enhanced activity in vitro because it binds not only to domain v of ribosomal rna (like macrolides do) but also to domain ii. however, it is not active against streptococci and staphylococci with constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b resistance. telithromycin, available in an oral formulation, is approved by the us ... | 2005 | 15889365 |
| guide to selection of fluoroquinolones in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. | newer fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and gemifloxacin have several attributes that make them excellent choices for the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. in particular, they have excellent intrinsic activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and the atypical respiratory pathogens. fluoroquinolones may be used as monotherapy to treat high-risk patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and fo ... | 2005 | 15892589 |
| gemifloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections: in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety. | gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent exhibiting potent activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, such as the important community-acquired respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae (including multidrug-resistant s. pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae , and moraxella catarrhalis . the agent's mechanism of action involves dual targeting of two essential bacterial enzymes: dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv. gemifloxacin was approved by the food an ... | 2005 | 15899734 |
| identification of surface antigens of moraxella catarrhalis as targets of human serum antibody responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important respiratory tract pathogen, causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). adults with copd make antibody responses to m. catarrhalis following infection, but little is known about the identity of the antigens to which these antibodies are directed. in this study, 12 serum samples obtained from adults with copd who had cleared m. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract follo ... | 2005 | 15908376 |
| investigation about the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. | nasopharynx is thought to be a very important site as becterial reservoir for acute otitis media (aom). in this study, we investigated on the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with aom. | 2005 | 15911015 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of new n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones. | a new series of n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones with varying substitution at the piperazine nitrogen 4-position were synthesized and tested against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including clinical isolates. most of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity against susceptible and resistant gram-positive organisms. one of the compounds showed enhanced antibacterial activity against moraxella catarrhalis. | 2005 | 15911326 |
| [efficacy and safety of telithromycin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of 5 days of telithromycin (800 mg once a day) in the treatment of bacteriologically proven acute maxillary sinusitis (ams). | 2005 | 15914288 |
| occurrence of hypermutable pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with the oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and chronic lung infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by the reactive oxygen species (ros) liberated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). we formulated the hypothesis that oxidation of the bacterial dna by ros presents an increased risk for the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa. the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa isolates was investigated directly in the sputum of 79 c ... | 2005 | 15917521 |
| comparative in vitro activities of investigational peptide deformylase inhibitor nvp lbm-415 and other agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm-415 and seven other drugs were tested against mycoplasma pneumoniae (100 isolates), mycoplasma hominis (20 isolates), mycoplasma fermentans (10 isolates), and ureaplasma species (50 isolates). lbm-415 was active against m. pneumoniae (mics, <or=0.008 microg/ml). it showed no activity against m. hominis and m. fermentans and modest activity against ureaplasma spp. | 2005 | 15917568 |
| efficacy and safety of telithromycin 800 mg once daily for 7 days in community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, multicenter study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. telithromycin (a new ketolide) has shown good in vitro activity against the key causative pathogens of cap, including s pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and/or macrolides. | 2005 | 15927060 |
| acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pyogenes in children. | streptococcus pyogenes, or group a beta -hemolytic streptococcus (gas), is an important causative agent of bacterial pharyngotonsillititis and skin, soft-tissue, and invasive infections. although it is also an important pathogen in acute otitis media (aom), its exact role has not been determined. | 2005 | 15937760 |
| recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. | active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with colonization by some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. in an attempt to explain these observations, this study compared the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that possess interfering capabilities (ie, interfering with the in vitro growth of potential pathogens) in the nasopharynx of sm ... | 2005 | 15947322 |
| microbiology and antimicrobial management of sinusitis. | sinusitis generally develops as a complication of viral or allergic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. the bacterial pathogens in acute sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, while anaerobic bacteria and staphylococcus aureus are predominant in chronic sinusitis. pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a potential pathogen in immunocompromised patients and in those who have nasal tubes or catheters, or are intubated. many of these organ ... | 2005 | 15949076 |
| extended release amoxicillin/clavulanate: optimizing a product for respiratory infections based on pharmacodynamic principles. | acute bacterial respiratory tract infections cause a great deal of human morbidity and mortality. treatment guidelines for these infections include macrolides, doxycycline, beta-lactams and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to provide coverage for the common respiratory pathogens, including penicillin and macrolide nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in r ... | 2005 | 15954852 |
| the clinical course of acute otitis media in high-risk australian aboriginal children: a longitudinal study. | it is unclear why some children with acute otitis media (aom) have poor outcomes. our aim was to describe the clinical course of aom and the associated bacterial nasopharyngeal colonisation in a high-risk population of australian aboriginal children. | 2005 | 15955251 |
| roles of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid transferase from moraxella catarrhalis in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and virulence. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a major outer membrane component of moraxella catarrhalis, is a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by the organism. however, information about the roles of the oligosaccharide chain from los in bacterial infection remains limited. here, a kdta gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo) transferase, which is responsible for adding kdo residues to the lipid a portion of the los, was identified by transposon mutagenesis an ... | 2005 | 15972513 |
| antifolate activity of epigallocatechin gallate against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the catechin epigallocatechin gallate, one of the main constituents of green tea, showed strong antibiotic activity against 18 isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic range, 4 to 256 microg/ml). in elucidating its mechanism of action, we have shown that epigallocatechin gallate is an efficient inhibitor of s. maltophilia dihydrofolate reductase, a strategic enzyme that is considered an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents. the inhibition of s. maltophilia dihydrofo ... | 2005 | 15980368 |
| in vitro activities of levofloxacin and comparable agents against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from costa rican children with recurrent otitis media or failing other antibiotic therapy. | this study analyzes the in vitro activities of levofloxacin and other commonly used antimicrobials against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from children with otitis media at risk of having a resistant pathogen. levofloxacin proved to be very active against these pathogens and had intermediate activity against streptococcus pyogenes. | 2005 | 15980399 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against respiratory tract pathogens in comparison with other antimicrobial agents. | this study was done to evaluate the in vitro activity of a new ketolide telithromycin in comparison with clarithromycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 67), haemophilus influenzae (n = 139), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 46)collected between january and june 2003 in hong kong. among the h. influenzae isolates, 25.2% produced beta-lactamase, while 97.8% of m. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. half of the s. pneumoniae isolates were n ... | 2005 | 15980628 |
| codon usage comparison of novel genes in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae. | a similarity statistic for codon usage was developed and used to compare novel gene sequences found in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae with a reference set of 80 prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomes. these analyses were performed to obtain an indication as to whether individual genes were haemophilus-like in nature, or if they probably had more recently entered the h.influenzae gene pool via horizontal gene transfer from other species. the average and sd values were calculated f ... | 2005 | 15983137 |
| role of antimicrobial agents in the management of exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) are a common occurrence and characterize the natural history of the disease. over the past decade, new knowledge has substantially enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis, outcome and natural history of aecopd. the exacerbations not only greatly reduce the quality of life of these patients, but also result in hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. the exacerbations are the major cost drivers in consumption of ... | 2005 | 15987232 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization by moraxella catarrhalis and study of antimicrobial susceptibility in healthy children from cuban day-care centers. | the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of moraxella catarrhalis was determined for the first time in cuba. one-hundred fifty healthy children attending three day-care centers in the municipality of marianao, havana city were studied. the percentage of recovering bacteria in nasal and pharyngeal swabs was compared. antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulan ... | 2005 | 15778001 |
| haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane determinants, including dsra, define two clonal populations. | the haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane component dsra (for ducreyi serum resistance a) is necessary for complete resistance to normal human serum (nhs). when dsra expression in 19 temporally and geographically diverse clinical isolates of h. ducreyi was examined by western blotting, 5 of the strains expressed a different immunotype of the dsra protein (dsra(ii)) than the well-characterized prototypical strain 35000hp (dsra(i)). the predicted dsra proteins expressed by the dsra(ii) strains were 1 ... | 2005 | 15784585 |
| the uspa2 protein of moraxella catarrhalis is directly involved in the expression of serum resistance. | many strains of moraxella catarrhalis are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. previous studies have shown that mutations involving the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cartridge into the m. catarrhalis uspa2 gene resulted in the conversion of a serum-resistant strain to a serum-sensitive phenotype. in the present study, the deletion of the entire uspa2 gene from the serum-resistant m. catarrhalis strain o35e resulted in a serum-sensitive phenotype and did not affec ... | 2005 | 15784586 |
| acquisition of resistance to carbapenems in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of acinetobacter baumannii: natural insertional inactivation of a gene encoding a member of a novel family of beta-barrel outer membrane proteins. | the outer membrane proteins responsible for the influx of carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics in the nonfermentative gram-negative pathogen acinetobacter baumannii are still poorly characterized. resistance to both imipenem and meropenem in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of a. baumannii is associated with the loss of a heat-modifiable 29-kda outer membrane protein, designated caro. the chromosomal locus containing the caro gene was cloned and characterized from different clinical isolates. ... | 2005 | 15793123 |
| comparative antimicrobial characterization of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a new peptide deformylase inhibitor of clinical importance. | lbm415 (nvp pdf-713) is the first member of the peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor class being developed for clinical trials as a parenteral and oral agent for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract disease and serious infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci. in this study susceptibility testing results from 1,306 recent clinical isolates selected to over-represent resistance trends among the species were summarized. all staphylococci (153 strains; mic at whi ... | 2005 | 15793128 |
| mutant prevention concentrations of abt-492, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against three common respiratory pathogens. | the purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (mpc) of abt-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection windows, which is the ratio of mpc/mic, for all isolates. | 2005 | 15793158 |
| weekly point prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the upper airways of normal young children: effect of respiratory illness and season. | the aim was to determine the effect of respiratory illness and season on carriage rates in the upper airways of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in normal children. sixteen healthy children, 1-10 years old, amenable to weekly sampling were followed longitudinally for at least three seasons of the year. respiratory symptoms were recorded daily; weekly nasal aspirate/wash samples were cultured on selective agars. urea concentration in samples was used to de ... | 2005 | 15799766 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious lower respiratory tract infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is characterized by disputes over diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic decisions. with the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the etiology and the drug resistance patterns of pathogens responsible for cap have changed. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella cat ... | 2005 | 15802165 |
| moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: burden of disease and immune response. | moraxella catarrhalis is frequently present in the sputum of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the role of m. catarrhalis in this common disease. | 2005 | 15805178 |
| cefdinir: an oral alternative to parenteral cephems. | cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral cephems. an in vitro study was performed to compare the activity of cefdinir, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against 243 clinical isolates of human pathogens. activities were determined by national committee for clinical laboratory standards microbroth dilution methodology using an inoculum of approximately 5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. cefdinir was the single or equally most pote ... | 2005 | 15808317 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of potential bacterial pathogens in adults with acute respiratory tract infections prospective epidemiological network investigating community-acquired infection surveillance in nagasaki (penicillin) study. | the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens in acute upper respiratory tract infections (aurtis) is not clear. we conducted a prospective community-based multicenter study in 45 centers across nagasaki, japan, between december 2001 and april 2002. we examined the nasopharyngeal or throat isolates in 930 adult outpatients with aurtis. potential bacterial pathogens, including streptococcus pyogenes (from 6.8% patients), s. pneumoniae (5.3%), s. milleri group (2.0%) ... | 2005 | 15808319 |
| identification of a conserved moraxella catarrhalis haemoglobin-utilization protein, mhua. | moraxella catarrhalis is a leading cause of acute otitis media in children and is a cause of respiratory disease in adults with underlying lung disease. this organism is a strict human pathogen that has an absolute requirement for iron in order to grow and cause disease. previous studies identified transferrin and lactoferrin receptors used by m. catarrhalis to obtain iron from the human host, yet other iron-acquisition systems remain undefined. in this study, it is demonstrated that this strict ... | 2005 | 15817782 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-induced septic arthritis of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anakinra: comment on the article by schiff et al. | 2005 | 15818660 | |
| microbiology of sinusitis and the predictive value of throat culture for the aetiology of sinusitis. | a prospective study of throat cultures and maxillary sinus aspirates from children with chronic sinusitis (n = 21), acute sinusitis (n = 28) or a clinical diagnosis of chronic adenoiditis (n = 41) was performed. seventy-two bacterial pathogens were isolated from sinus aspirates from 52% of the study population. haemophilus influenzae was most common pathogen, followed by moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and group a streptococci. quantitative throat cultures ... | 2005 | 15819870 |
| usefulness of the japanese respiratory society guidelines for community pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of community-acquired pneumonia between 2000 and 2002 in a general hospital. | the aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and to evaluate the japanese respiratory society (jrs) guidelines. | 2005 | 15823187 |
| pathogenesis of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. | over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge about diffusely adhering escherichia coli (daec) pathogenesis have taken place. the typical class of daec includes e. coli strains harboring afae-i, afae-ii, afae-iii, afae-v, dr, dr-ii, f1845, and nfa-i adhesins (afa/dr daec); these strains (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) allow binding to human decay-accelerating factor (daf) (afa/dr(daf) subclass) or carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) (afa/dr(cea) subclass). the atypi ... | 2005 | 15831825 |
| characterization of a cluster of three glycosyltransferase enzymes essential for moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide assembly. | moraxella catarrhalis isolates express lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules on their surface, which share epitopes similar to that of the neisseria and haemophilus species. these common los epitopes have been implicated in various steps of pathogenesis for the different organisms. in this study, a cluster of three los glycosyltransferase genes (lgt) were identified in m. catarrhalis 7169, a strain that produces a serotype b los. mutants in these glycosyltransferase genes were constructed, and the ... | 2005 | 15838019 |
| outer membrane protein p6 of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a potent and selective inducer of human macrophage proinflammatory cytokines. | interactions of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) with human macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of nthi-induced infection in humans. however, the immunologic mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate nthi-mediated macrophage responses have not been well explored. outer membrane protein (omp) p6 is a conserved lipoprotein expressed by nthi in vivo that possesses a pam(3)cys terminal motif, characteristic of immunoactive bacterial lipoproteins associated with toll-like receptor signa ... | 2005 | 15845475 |
| synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccines for serotype b moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in the elderly. lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium that elicits bactericidal antibodies. serological studies show that three major los types (a, b, and c) have been identified among clinical isolates. our previous studies demonstrated that the type a los-based conjugates were immunogenic in animals. in this study, los from type b strain 26397 was detoxified ... | 2005 | 15845482 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2005 | 15847719 |
| major bacteria of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in turkey. | to determine the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in turkey, quantitative cultures of sputum were carried out. the major pathogens for ltris were found to be haemophilus influenzae, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. only 6.1% of the h. inlfuenzae and all strains of m. catarrhalis were beta-lactamase producers. an e-test showed that 31.2% of the s. pneumoniae strains had an intermediate resistance to penicillin, and the remaining strai ... | 2005 | 15728995 |
| moraxella catarrhalis strains with reduced expression of the uspa outer membrane proteins belong to a distinct subpopulation. | the outer membrane proteins uspa1 and uspa2 are candidate antigens for a moraxella catarrhalis vaccine. we previously reported that 103 of 108 isolates (95%) from young children expressed uspa1 detected by reactivity with the monoclonal antibody mab24b5. the aim of the present study was to investigate mechanisms controlling uspa1 expression by analysis of five mab24b5 non-reactive isolates. four of these strains were characterized by (i) decreased or absent transcription of uspa1 and uspa2 and ( ... | 2005 | 15734074 |
| bacteriological efficacy of 5-day therapy with telithromycin in acute maxillary sinusitis. | increasing resistance among the key pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections, namely streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, has the potential to limit the effectiveness of the antibacterial agents available to treat these infections. moreover, there are regional differences in the susceptibility patterns observed and, as treatment is usually empirical, choosing an effective treatment can be challenging. telithromycin, the firs ... | 2005 | 15737519 |