Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| changes in the cellular proteins of a549 infected with hepatitis e virus by proteomics analysis. | our understanding of hepatitis e virus (hev) has changed enormously over the past 30 years, from a waterborne infection causing outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries to an infection of global distribution causing a range of hepatic and extra-hepatic illness. however, the key proteins playing important parts in the virus infection were still unknown. understanding the changes of cellular proteins in these cells exposed to hev is helpful for elucidating molecular mechanisms associat ... | 2014 | 25175408 |
| evaluation of viral inactivation of pseudorabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and porcine parvovirus in pancreatin of porcine origin. | pancreatin is a substance containing enzymes, principally amylase, lipase, and protease. it is obtained from bovine or porcine pancreas and used in the treatment of pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in humans. regulations and safety concerns mandate viral clearance (virus removal or inactivation) in biopharmaceuticals such as pancreatin. a virus validation study was performed to evaluate virus clearance achieved in the final step of drying under vacuum by testing a panel of four animal viruses: ... | 2014 | 25110118 |
| clinical & immunological profile of newly diagnosed patients with youth onset diabetes mellitus. | there has been a rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the younger population of india. there are limited data available on the immunological profile of youth onset diabetes mellitus (dm) especially in type 2. therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical and immunological profile of youth onset dm in north india. | 2014 | 25366202 |
| acute viral hepatitis - should the current screening strategy be modified? | the epidemiology of viral hepatitis has changed. since the introduction of safe and effective vaccines for hepatitis a and b in 1980s, the incidence of acute infections caused by these viruses has been declining in the uk. at the same time, hepatitis e virus (hev) has been recognised as an increasingly important cause of acute hepatitis, but testing is not widely available. | 2014 | 24472576 |
| serological cross reactivity to cmv and ebv causes problems in the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is an important public health concern as a major cause of enterically-transmitted hepatitis worldwide. the detectable window of viraemia is narrow, and hev igm and igg rise simultaneously in acute infection. furthermore, previous investigators have shown hev igm false positive reactions occur against ebv, cmv and potentially hepatitis a. a retrospective analysis of hev serology testing was performed at a london tertiary referral hospital over a 3-year period. a ... | 2014 | 24402843 |
| dengue and hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant women in eastern sudan, a challenge for diagnosis in an endemic area. | dengue fever and hepatitis e virus infection are both a public health problem in developing countries due to poor sanitation. infection with viral hepatitis and dengue fever can present with similar clinical such and fever, headache and abortion. this study was conducted in port-sudan city in the eastern part of the country. elisa and real time pcr tests were used to detect the infection. a total number of 39 pregnant women with a mean age 26 ±7.8 were included in the study. all of them had feve ... | 2014 | 25995787 |
| detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis a virus and norovirus outbreaks. | most persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. in this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis a virus [hav], and hepatitis e virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their ... | 2014 | 25172863 |
| quantitative proteomics identifies host factors modulated during acute hepatitis e virus infection in the swine model. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute enterically transmitted hepatitis. in industrialized countries, it is a zoonotic disease, with swine being the major reservoir of human hev contamination. the occurrence and severity of the disease are variable, with clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to self-limiting acute hepatitis, chronic infection, or fulminant hepatitis. in the absence of a robust cell culture system or small-animal models, the hev life cycle and pathological process remain unc ... | 2014 | 25320303 |
| hepatitis a and e seroprevalence and associated risk factors: a community-based cross-sectional survey in rural amazonia. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are both transmitted by the faecal-oral route, and represent common causes of acute hepatitis in developing countries. the endemicity of hav infection has shifted from high to moderate in brazil. human cases of hev infection seem to be rare, although the virus has been detected in swine livestock and effluents of slaughterhouses. this study was to determine the epidemiology of hepatitis a and e in one of the largest agricultural settlements in ... | 2014 | 25149658 |
| myasthenia gravis associated with acute hepatitis e infection in immunocompetent woman. | 2014 | 24751295 | |
| seroprevalence of seven zoonotic pathogens in pregnant women from the caribbean. | studies examining the prevalence of zoonotic agents in the caribbean are very limited. the objective of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of seven zoonotic agents among individuals residing on 10 english-speaking caribbean countries. sera from healthy, pregnant women were collected from antigua-barbuda, belize, bermuda, dominica, grenada, jamaica, montserrat, st. kitts-nevis, st. lucia, and st. vincent-grenadines and tested for the presence of igg antibodies to dengue virus, hepatitis ... | 2014 | 24914001 |
| the relationship between socioeconomic indices and potentially zoonotic pathogens carried by wild norway rats: a survey in rhône, france (2010-2012). | leptospira interrogans, hantaviruses (particularly seoul virus), hepatitis e virus (hev), and toxoplasma gondii are rat-associated zoonoses that are responsible for human morbidity and mortality worldwide. this study aimed to describe the infection patterns of these four pathogens in wild rats (rattus norvegicus) across socioeconomic levels in neighbourhoods in lyon, france. the infection or exposure status was determined using polymerase chain reaction or serology for 178 wild rats captured in ... | 2014 | 24838220 |
| characterization of sporadic acute hepatitis e and comparison of hepatitis e virus genomes in acute hepatitis patients and pig liver sold as food in mie, japan. | to characterize hepatitis e in mie prefecture and to investigate whether raw pig liver sold as food in mie is contaminated with hepatitis e virus (hev) strains similar to those recovered from patients. | 2014 | 23927634 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection in an urban population in zambia: strong association with hiv and environmental enteropathy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection causes major epidemics of infectious hepatitis, with high mortality rates in pregnant women. recent reports indicate that hev coinfections with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may have a more protracted course. however, the impact of hev infections in communities heavily affected by hiv remains poorly studied. we set out to examine age-related seroprevalence in a community where we have previously carried out studies on environmental enteropathy. | 2014 | 23926328 |
| torque teno virus in children who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation: new insights about a common pathogen. | torque teno virus (ttv) is a ubiquitous infectious agent. transplant recipients are at risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and could be vulnerable to ttv-associated adverse effects. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of immunosuppression and hev infection on ttv replication and liver injury in pediatric patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt). | 2014 | 23922368 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in a hematopoietic stem cell donor. | 2014 | 24056741 | |
| influence of polyproline region and macro domain genetic heterogeneity on hev persistence in immunocompromised patients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can chronically infect immunocompromised patients. the polyproline region (ppr) and the macro domain of orf1 protein may modulate virus production and/or the host immune response. we investigated the association between the genetic heterogeneity of hev quasispecies in orf1 and the outcome of infection in solid-organ transplant patients. both sequence entropy and genetic distances during the hepatitis e acute phase were higher in patients whose infection became chronic tha ... | 2014 | 23964111 |
| [acute hepatitis e infection associated with guillain-barré syndrome in an immunocompetent patient]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is now recognized to be an emerging autochthonous disease in several countries. there have been several reports of neurological manifestations associated with hev infections. immunocompromised patients seem to be particularly vulnerable. | 2014 | 24080239 |
| protection against hepatitis e virus infection by naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. | immunity acquired from infection or vaccination protects humans from symptomatic hepatitis e. however, whether the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is reduced by the immunity remains unknown. to understand this issue, a cohort with 12 409 participants randomized to receive the hepatitis e vaccine hecolin(®) or placebo were serologically followed up for 2 years after vaccination. about half (47%) of participants were initially seropositive. a total of 139 infection episodes, evidenced by ... | 2014 | 24118636 |
| patients infected with hiv are at high-risk for hepatitis e virus infection in spain. | hepatitis e virus is responsible for sporadic cases of acute, self-limited viral hepatitis not only in endemic but also in industrialized countries. in addition, some reports confirm that it can cause chronic infection and even cirrhosis in immunosuppressed and also in patients infected with hiv. there are few data about prevalence and incidence of hev chronic infection in hiv-hev coinfected individuals in spain. the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anti-hev igg in a represe ... | 2014 | 24136591 |
| hepatitis e infection in liver transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection (genotype 3) has been described in developed countries as a cause of chronic hepatitis in recipients of solid organ transplantation (sot), with the first cases reported in 2008. immunosuppression seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic infections. the current gold standard for the diagnosis of hev infection is the detection of hev rna in serum, stools, or both. in liver transplant recipients, hev infection is considered an uncommon disease; how ... | 2014 | 24123928 |
| ribavirin inhibits in vitro hepatitis e virus replication through depletion of cellular gtp pools and is moderately synergistic with alpha interferon. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute hepatitis that results in high mortality in pregnant women and may establish chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. we demonstrate for the first time that alpha interferon (ifn-α) and ribavirin inhibit in vitro hev replication in both a subgenomic replicon and an infectious culture system based on a genotype 3 strain. ifn-α showed a moderate but significant synergism with ribavirin. these findings corroborate the reported clinical eff ... | 2014 | 24145541 |
| emergence of autochthonous infections with hepatitis e virus of genotype 4 in europe. | in europe, autochthonous hepatitis e is caused by genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev) in almost all cases. a total of 15 infections with genotype 4 hev were diagnosed in france from may 2009 to april 2012, and all but one of the hev-4 strains implicated in these infections were genetically related and highly similar to hev-4 sequences isolated from swine in belgium. in addition, 5 autochthonous hev-4 infections have been described in the region of lazio, italy, during march and april 2011, and th ... | 2014 | 24157452 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in children in germany. | since asymptomatic hepatitis e virus (hev) infections particularly affect children, there is a need for studies to determine the hev seroprevalence among infants, children and adolescents. | 2014 | 24168981 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 1 infection of swine kidney cells in vitro is inhibited at multiple levels. | genotype 1 hepatitis e viruses (hevs) are restricted to primate hosts, whereas genotype 3 hevs predominantly infect swine, in addition to primates. in order to identify possible determinants of the host range, infectious recombinant viruses and chimeras of a genotype 1 isolate and a genotype 3 isolate were compared for their ability to infect versus transfect cultured human hepg2/c3a cells and swine llc-pk cells. the patterns of luciferase expression from virus replicons containing the gaussia l ... | 2014 | 24198420 |
| hepatitis e virus open reading frame 3 protein interacts with porcine liver-specific plasminogen and α2-antiplasmin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a hepatotropic virus that causes acute and, occasionally, chronic viral hepatitis. at least four recognized genotypes of mammalian hev have been identified. genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic in humans and pigs are the major host. the 7.2 kb genome of hev contains three open reading frames: orf1, orf2, and orf3. orf1 encodes a nonstructural protein and the orf2 protein is the main capsid protein but the precise functions of orf3 protein remain obscure. to explore the role ... | 2014 | 24249579 |
| duration of viraemia in chinese acute sporadic hepatitis e. | acute sporadic hepatitis e (ashe) cases induced by hepatitis e virus genotype 4 (hev-4) are increasing in china. our study aimed to estimate the duration of hev-4 viraemia in chinese ashe. a total of 619 serum specimens from 499 ashe patients were examined for the presence of hev rna. the association between viraemia detection and serum sampling time was compared between subtypes. the cumulative probability of hev viraemia detection was determined using kaplan-meier survival analysis, and the vi ... | 2014 | 24241947 |
| marked genomic heterogeneity of rat hepatitis e virus strains in indonesia demonstrated on a full-length genome analysis. | rat hepatitis e virus (hev) strains have recently been isolated in several areas of germany, vietnam, the united states, indonesia and china. however, genetic information regarding these rat hev strains is limited. a total of 369 wild rats (rattus rattus) captured in central java (solo) and on lombok island, indonesia were tested for the presence of rat hev-specific antibodies and rna. overall, 137 rats (37.1%) tested positive for rat anti-hev antibodies, while 97 (26.3%) had rat hev rna detecta ... | 2014 | 24231359 |
| the membrane on the surface of hepatitis e virus particles is derived from the intracellular membrane and contains trans-golgi network protein 2. | our previous studies demonstrated that hepatitis e virus (hev) requires the multivesicular body (mvb) pathway to release virus particles, suggesting that hev utilizes the cellular escrt machinery in the cytoplasm, not at the cell surface, to be released from infected cells. in this study, we generated a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) against the membrane-associated hev particles to examine whether the membrane is derived from intracellular vesicles or the cell surface. an established mab, ta17 ... | 2014 | 24221250 |
| role of nitric oxide synthase genes in hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most common cause of endemic and epidemic acute hepatitis. a correlation between inos, enos polymorphisms, levels and severity of disease has been reported, and here, we examined the role of inos and enos gene polymorphisms and their levels in hev-related acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure. hepatitis e virus-related cases of acute hepatitis (294 patients) and liver failure (82 patients) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (331 subjects) were includ ... | 2014 | 24215170 |
| does chronic hepatitis e virus infection exist in immunocompetent patients? | 2014 | 24214924 | |
| detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) through the different stages of pig manure composting plants. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an increasing cause of acute hepatitis in industrialized countries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of hev in pig manure composting plants located in spain. for this purpose, a total of 594 samples were taken in 54 sampling sessions from the different stages of composting treatment in these plants as follows: slurry reception ponds, anaerobic ponds, aerobic ponds, fermentation zone and composting final products. hev was detected by reverse transcript ... | 2014 | 24206540 |
| indigenous hepatitis e in england and wales from 2003 to 2012: evidence of an emerging novel phylotype of viruses. | enhanced surveillance and molecular characterisation studies of hepatitis e virus (hev) in england and wales have been undertaken since 2003. the dynamics of hepatitis e have changed recently with an increase in the number of indigenous cases and an observed viral shift. | 2014 | 24273173 |
| evaluation of hepatitis e virus infection between different production systems of pigs in brazil. | the objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the occurrence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs from large-scale and family-scale farms, (2) genetically characterize the strains isolated, and (3) study the pathogenesis of swine hev infection via immunohistochemistry. a total of 50 pigs from 10 farms in mato grosso state, brazil were divided according to type of production system into either large-scale farms (n = 5) or family-scale farms (n = 5). samples of liver, gallbladder, small and l ... | 2014 | 24272392 |
| colorimetric detection of hepatitis e virus based on reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common communicable disease in the third world countries. the early diagnosis of hev is important for the prognosis and prevention of the spread of the disease. conventional methods for hev detection need expensive equipment and cannot meet the needs of point of care (poc) use. in the present study, a gold nanoparticle (aunp) based rt-lamp assay was developed for colorimetric detection of hev. as low as 10(1) copies of hev rna were detected visually. with r ... | 2014 | 24269797 |
| peek-a-boo: membrane hijacking and the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | historically, animal viruses have been classified on the basis of the presence or absence of an envelope - an external lipid bilayer membrane typically carrying one or more viral glycoproteins. however, growing evidence indicates that some 'non-enveloped' viruses circulate in the blood of infected individuals enveloped in host-derived membranes that provide protection from neutralizing antibodies. in this opinion article, we discuss this novel strategy for virus survival and consider how it cont ... | 2014 | 24268716 |
| novel hepatitis e like virus found in swedish moose. | a novel virus was detected in a sample collected from a swedish moose (alces alces). the virus was suggested as a member of the hepeviridae family, although it was found to be highly divergent from the known four genotypes (gt1-4) of hepatitis e virus (hev). moose are regularly hunted for consumption in the whole of scandinavia. thus, the finding of this virus may be important from several aspects: (a) as a new diverged hev in a new animal species, and (b) potential unexplored hev transmission p ... | 2014 | 24296469 |
| risk factors associated with the presence of hepatitis e virus in livers and seroprevalence in slaughter-age pigs: a retrospective study of 90 swine farms in france. | the frequency of sporadic cases of hepatitis e in humans in developed countries has increased in recent years. the consumption of raw or undercooked pig liver-based products has been identified as an important source of human infection. the question of possible massive human exposure to this zoonotic agent has been raised by the high prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine herds. however, little is known about the epidemiology of hev on pig farms. a retrospective study, based on a previou ... | 2014 | 24284046 |
| endemic hepatitis e in the czech republic. | an increasing incidence of endemic hepatitis e (he) has been reported in developed countries. thus, an evaluation of the clinical characteristics of the disease and the utility of the current diagnostic methods is warranted. | 2014 | 24280093 |
| development of a novel immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for detection of swine hepatitis e virus antibodies based on stable cell lines expressing the orf3 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) strains are classified into 4 genotypes by nucleotide sequencing. genotypes 3 and 4 infect humans and animals via hev-contaminated food or water. hev rna was detected by pcr and antibodies were detected by elisa. since human studies showed that hev igg antibodies in sera can persist for extended periods, diagnosis of hev infection in swine or humans is mainly based on serological detection using commercial elisa kits. however, there is no supplemental method to verify eli ... | 2014 | 24334082 |
| mutagenesis of hepatitis e virus helicase motifs: effects on enzyme activity. | hepatitis e virus (hev), the causative agent of hepatitis e, is a non-enveloped rna virus. the open reading frame 1 encoded non-structural polyprotein has putative domains for methyltransferase, cysteine protease, helicase and rna-dependent rna polymerase, however processing of this polyprotein is still uncertain. hev helicase belongs to superfamily 1 and has all seven conserved motifs typical of the family. ntpase and rna duplex unwinding activities of hev helicase domain were recently demonstr ... | 2014 | 24333153 |
| serum from patients with hepatitis e virus-related acute liver failure induces human liver cell apoptosis. | the pathogenesis of acute liver failure has not been fully elucidated. the present study investigated the effects of the serum from patients with hepatitis e virus (hev)-related acute liver failure on human liver cell survival and apoptosis, and evaluated the protective effects of anti-lipopolysaccharide(lps) antibody recognizing core polysaccharide against acute liver failure serum-induced apoptosis. serum was collected from patients with hev-related acute liver failure. the levels of endotoxin ... | 2014 | 24348810 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies and hepatitis e virus in raw meat products. | meat and meat products may be the source of various pathogenic and potentially pathogenic agents for humans. we ascertained the occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, and hepatitis e virus in retail raw meat products. the dna of at least one of the target m. avium subspecies was detected in 26 (29.2%) of 89 analyzed samples of meat products. fourteen (15.7%), 1 (1.1%), and 17 (19.1%) samples contained the dna of mycobacterium avium subsp. ... | 2014 | 24490931 |
| genome sequence of a hepatitis e virus of genotype 3e from a chronically infected kidney transplant recipient. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients in europe. we report the genome sequence of a genotype 3e hev from a chronically infected kidney transplant recipient in southeastern france, the second hev genome sequence from a transplant recipient and the first of subtype 3e. | 2014 | 24482510 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in a population of recyclable waste pickers in brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection represents an important cause of acute viral hepatitis. selective waste collection is a widespread activity carried out by the urban poor, and recyclable waste pickers have a lifestyle that makes this group highly vulnerable to unfavorable socio-economic and environmental factors. to date, the epidemiology of hev infection in this population remains unknown. | 2014 | 24480723 |
| fatal fulminant hepatitis e associated with autoimmune hepatitis and excessive paracetamol intake in southeastern france. | we present, to our knowledge, the first case of fatal fulminant liver failure associated with hepatitis e virus infection, autoimmune hepatitis, and excessive paracetamol intake, which occurred in a 77-year-old woman. hepatitis e testing should be performed in severe acute liver failure cases, even when another cause has been identified. | 2014 | 24478416 |
| long-term hepatitis e viral load kinetics in an immunocompromised patient treated with ribavirin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) can cause chronic infections in immunocompromised hosts. viral kinetics in plasma and stools are poorly understood, particularly during antiviral treatment. prolonged faecal shedding may be a concern for transmission. we describe hev kinetics in an immunocompromised patient with prolonged faecal shedding despite undetectable viraemia on ribavirin treatment. | 2014 | 24476456 |
| liver transplantation for acute liver failure related to autochthonous genotype 3 hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus of genotype 3 (hev-3) is an emerging cause of sporadic autochthonous acute hepatitis in europe. although spontaneous outcome of hepatitis e is usually favorable, fulminant liver failure has been described worldwide. in europe, autochthonous hepatitis e associated with fulminant hepatic failure and leading to liver transplantation has been exceptionally reported. we report here four cases of fulminant and sub-fulminant hepatitis e proposed for liver transplantation in marseille ... | 2014 | 24462173 |
| hepatitis e in liver transplant recipients in the rhône-alpes region in france. | in developed countries, hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an emerging pathogen, but prevalence seems highly variable according to previous european studies. as hev can lead to chronic infections in immunosuppressed patients, it is thus essential to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of this infection. | 2014 | 24445407 |
| should we screen blood products for hepatitis e virus rna ? | 2014 | 24439737 | |
| course and treatment of chronic hepatitis e virus infection in lung transplant recipients. | persistent hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been described in various transplant cohorts. however, the frequency and the course of hev infection in lung transplant recipients (lu-tr) are not well defined. | 2014 | 24438577 |
| hepatitis e virus reinfections in solid-organ-transplant recipients can evolve into chronic infections. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are a major cause of acute hepatitis in developing and industrialized countries. little is known about anti-hev immunity in solid-organ recipients. | 2014 | 24436450 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging disease. | currently, the infection with the hepatitis e virus represents the most frequent cause for acute hepatitis and jaundice in the world. according to who estimations, around two billion people, representing one third of the world's population, live in endemic areas for hev and, therefore, are at risk of infection. in developed countries, the circulation of the virus in both human and animal (swine, boar, deer) sewage has been confirmed; however, the incidence rate is low compared to that of develop ... | 2014 | 24434240 |
| comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assays for detection of swine hepatitis e virus in fecal samples. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in people in many developing countries and is also endemic in many industrialized countries. mammalian hev (mhev) isolates can be divided into at least four recognized major genotypes. several nucleic acid amplification techniques have been developed for mhev detection, with great differences in sensitivity. the aim of this study was to compare the performances of two singleplex real-time reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr assays for ... | 2014 | 24430450 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in humans and animals. | hepatitis e has traditionally been considered an endemic disease of developing countries. it generally spreads through contaminated water. however, seroprevalence studies have shown that hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are not uncommon in industrialized countries. in addition, the number of autochthonous hepatitis e cases in these countries is increasing. most hev infections in developed countries can be traced to the ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked pork meat or sausages. several ... | 2014 | 24427760 |
| fetal and neonatal health consequences of vertically transmitted hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections lead to tens of thousands of deaths annually, mostly in developing countries. hepatitis e poses a significant threat to the health of expectant mothers, a well-noted epidemiologic feature of the disease, but the contribution of vertically transmitted hev infection to fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality has received limited attention. evidence assembled to date suggests that mother-to-child hev transmission may be frequent and deleterious to the fetus and ... | 2014 | 24420778 |
| guillain-barré syndrome associated with preceding hepatitis e virus infection. | the aim of the study was to determine whether guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is associated with preceding hepatitis e virus infection. | 2014 | 24415572 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus by transfusion: what is the risk? | 2014 | 24405304 | |
| neuralgic amyotrophy and hepatitis e virus infection. | to determine whether there is an association between an acute preceding hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and neuralgic amyotrophy (na), and if so, whether patients with hev-related na differ from patients without an associated hev infection. | 2014 | 24401685 |
| host immune status and response to hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. recognition that hev also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. even without treatment, most cases of hev-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. however, hev sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extr ... | 2014 | 24396140 |
| hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a worldwide disease. an improved understanding of the natural history of hev infection has been achieved within the last decade. several reservoirs and transmission modes have been identified. hepatitis e is an underdiagnosed disease, in part due to the use of serological assays with low sensitivity. however, diagnostic tools, including nucleic acid-based tests, have been improved. the epidemiology and clinical features of hepatitis e differ between developin ... | 2014 | 24396139 |
| application of serologic assays for diagnosing acute hepatitis e in national surveillance of a nonendemic area. | variant performance of immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) hepatitis e virus (hev) assays may impact the diagnosis. the present study aimed to evaluate four different igm/igg assays for hev infection for application in national surveillance in nonendemic areas. sera from 300 patients that were stored in the centers for disease control (cdc) of taiwan for suspected acute hev infection from 2004 to 2008, and 18 serum samples from acute cases of hev infection in taipei veteran general ... | 2014 | 24395716 |
| hepatitis e: an emerging infection in high income countries. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is the most recently characterized hepatotropic virus and is increasingly being recognized as the cause of unexplained liver disease in many western countries. although asymptomatic in most cases, hev gt3 may be responsible for a wide range of illnesses, from mild to fulminant acute hepatitis, and also chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. extrahepatic manifestations have been occasionally described. anti-hev antibody detection by immunoassays is ham ... | 2014 | 24388207 |
| drug-induced liver injury. | drug hepatoxicity can be nonidiosyncratic (predictable), as in the case of acetaminophen, or idiosyncratic (unpredictable). this review article focuses primarily on idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (dili). new epidemiologic data suggest that approximately 20 new cases of dili per 100,000 persons occur each year. idiosyncratic dili accounts for 11% of the cases of acute liver failure in the united states. risk factors for dili include medication dose, drug lipophilicity, and extent of hepa ... | 2014 | 24388027 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in blood donors in greece. | 2014 | 24387713 | |
| effect of handling and storage conditions and stabilizing agent on the recovery of viral rna from oral fluid of pigs. | there is an increasing interest in using oral fluid to determine herd health and documenting the circulation of viruses in commercial swine populations but little is known about the stability of viruses in oral fluid. hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic virus which is widespread in swine herds. information on optimal handling methods such as heat treatments, freezing and rna stabilization agents is needed to prevent or minimize degradation of viral rna by degradative enzymes. the objectives of ... | 2014 | 24384096 |
| suppressive activity and altered conventional phenotype markers/mediators of regulatory t cells in patients with self-limiting hepatitis e. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of self-limiting acute viral hepatitis in several developing countries. elevated levels of peripheral cd4(+) cd25(+) foxp3(+) , cd4(+) cd25(-) foxp3(+) and rise in il-10 in hepatitis e have been associated with the involvement of regulatory t cells (treg). the functional role of the same is yet elusive. in the current study, we have assessed (i) foxp3 expression by real-time pcr and by flow cytometry, (ii) the levels of antigen-specific il-10 and tgf-β by ... | 2014 | 24383927 |
| chronic hepatitis e: a review of the literature. | in 1978, the first case of hepatitis e was identified as non-a, non-b hepatitis. hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is believed to be one of the common causes of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis in developing countries and is rare in developed countries, except in patients with a history of travel. however, an increasing number of chronic hev infection cases have recently been reported in developed countries. in these countries, immunosuppressed patients with hev infection, such as organ t ... | 2014 | 24383921 |
| avian hepatitis e virus in chickens, taiwan, 2013. | a previously unidentified strain of avian hepatitis e virus (ahev) is now endemic among chickens in taiwan. analysis showed that the virus is 81.5%-86.5% similar to other ahevs. in taiwan, ahev infection has been reported in chickens without ahev exposure, suggesting transmission from asymptomatic cases or repeated introduction through an unknown common source(s). | 2014 | 24378180 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus genotype 1 infection, uruguay. | 2014 | 24378037 | |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4, denmark, 2012. | 2014 | 24377483 | |
| chronic hepatitis e virus infection beyond transplantation or human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 2014 | 24375747 | |
| assessment of dried blood samples as an alternative less invasive method for detection of hepatitis e virus marker in an outbreak setting. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e. it can be asymptomatic, associated with acute self-limiting hepatitis or acute liver failure. the conventional diagnosis of hev infection relies on anti-hev igm serology. the collection of blood samples by venepunture for laboratory confirmation is often difficult during an outbreak. thus, testing the specimens of dried blood spots (dbs) on filter papers can prove to be a feasible alternative. the present study aimed to evaluate the ... | 2014 | 24375126 |
| antiviral strategies for hepatitis e virus. | the hepatitis e virus is a common cause of acute hepatitis. contrary to hepatitis b and c, hepatitis e is mostly a mild infection, although it has a high mortality in pregnant women and can evolve to chronicity in immunocompromised patients. ribavirin and pegylated interferon-α are the only available therapies, but both have side effects that are not acceptable for prophylaxis or treatment of mild infections. in addition, these drugs cannot be used for all patient types (e.g. in case of pregnanc ... | 2014 | 24374149 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence and molecular study among blood donors in china. | the risk of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection from blood transfusion has aroused increasing concern in many countries. the aim of this study was to analyze the potential risk of hev infection through blood transfusion in china. | 2014 | 24372259 |
| molecular characterization of a novel hepatitis e virus (hev) strain obtained from a wild boar in japan that is highly divergent from the previously recognized hev strains. | although a consensus classification system for hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes is currently unavailable, hev variants (jboar135-shiz09 and wbjoy_06) from wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax) have provisionally been classified into two novel genotypes (5 and 6). while performing a survey of hev infections among 566 wild boars that were captured in japan between january 2010 and august 2013, we found 24 boars (4.2%) with ongoing hev infections: 13 had genotype 3 hev, 10 had genotype 4 hev and the ... | 2014 | 24370869 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis e virus infections among swine, swine farmers and the general population in guangdong province, china. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is widespread in china, but few studies have been carried out in guangdong province. this study aimed to characterize the prevalence of hev infections among swine, swine farmers and the general population in guangdong province. we conducted an epidemiological study that included swine, swine farmers and health examination attendees in guangdong from 2011 to 2013. the overall seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies in swine was 64.7%. the results revealed that grow ... | 2014 | 24520348 |
| hepatitis e virus infection results in acute graft failure after liver transplantation: a case report. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in most individuals is known as a self-limiting, acute, icteric hepatitis, but evidence shows hev is responsible for choric hepatitis and rapid progressed liver cirrhosis in immuno-compromised patients. we present the case of a patient whose diagnosis of acute graft failure was due to a hev infection 7 years after his first liver transplantation because of wilson's disease. the process showed severe jaundice with fatigue, poor appetite and continually rising ser ... | 2014 | 24518638 |
| food and environmental routes of hepatitis e virus transmission. | hepatitis e virus (hev), genus hepevirus, family hepeviridae is a main cause of epidemic hepatitis in developing countries and single cases of hepatitis in higher income countries. there are at least four hev genotypes which have different epidemiologic and clinical features. hepatitis e viruses are often transmitted via food and environmental routes. the actual role of these transmission routes in the spread of hev can depend on the virus genotype, the environmental conditions, the hygienic con ... | 2014 | 24513966 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e virus in wild boar (sus scrofa) in yamaguchi prefecture, japan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes a food- and water-borne disease in humans, and japanese wild boar (sus scrofa leucomystax) meat is one of the most important sources of infection in japan. we tested 113 serum samples from wild boar captured in shimonoseki city, yamaguchi prefecture, japan from 2010 to 2012. serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using virus-like particles as antigen and nested reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr). anti-hev igg antibodies were detected ... | 2014 | 24506423 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in domestic pigs and wild boars in switzerland. | hepatitis e is considered an emerging human viral disease in industrialized countries. studies from switzerland report a human seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) of 2.6-21%, a range lower than in adjacent european countries. the aim of this study was to determine whether hev seroprevalence in domestic pigs and wild boars is also lower in switzerland and whether it is increasing and thus indicating that this zoonotic viral infection is emerging. serum samples collected from 2,001 pigs in 2 ... | 2014 | 24499160 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence in austrian adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study among civilians and military professionals. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is globally increasing. the present study was performed to investigate the hev seroprevalence, exposure risks as well as occupational risks for military personnel in austria, a central european country. | 2014 | 24498349 |
| management of hepatitis e virus (hev) zoonotic transmission: protection of rabbits against hev challenge following immunization with hev 239 vaccine. | hepatitis e virus (hev) constitutes a significant health burden worldwide, with an estimated approximately 33% of the world's population exposed to the pathogen. the recent licensed hev 239 vaccine in china showed excellent protective efficacy against hev of genotypes 1 and 4 in the general population and pregnant women. because hepatitis e is a zoonosis, it is also necessary to ascertain whether this vaccine can serve to manage animal sources of human hev infection. to test the efficacy of the ... | 2014 | 24498149 |
| method for hev detection in raw pig liver products and its implementation for naturally contaminated food. | it is now recognized that hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is not confined to developing countries. hev infection is a growing public health concern in industrialized countries where the disease is mainly autochthonous, caused by hev genotypes 3 and 4 and is today considered to be zoonotic. hev causes acute hepatitis in humans, predominantly through contamination of food and water. due to the low concentrations found in food and water samples, an efficient and rapid virus concentration method i ... | 2014 | 24553051 |
| hepatitis e infection in hiv-infected liver and kidney transplant candidates. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been reported to cause acute and chronic hepatitis in those with hiv infection and among solid organ transplant recipients in europe. limited data indicate that hev is endemic in the united states, but the prevalence and significance of hev infection among those with hiv and awaiting solid organ transplantation is unknown. we evaluated anti-hev igm and igg antibodies and hev rna in 166 hiv-infected solid organ transplant candidates enrolled in the nih hiv-transplant c ... | 2014 | 24773782 |
| molecular characterisation of human hepatitis e virus from italy: comparative analysis of five reverse transcription-pcr assays. | hepatitis e (hev) is an important public-health concern as a major cause of enterically transmitted hepatitis worldwide. in industrialised countries it is considered rare, and largely confined to travellers returning from endemic areas. however, autochthonous (locally acquired) hev infection is also emerging in these regions. the infection is caused by different genotypes, depending on whether it is travel-related or autochthonous. conventional rt-pcr followed by sequencing of pcr products can i ... | 2014 | 24755361 |
| hepatitis e antibodies in laboratory rabbits from 2 us vendors. | we tested laboratory rabbits from 2 us vendors for antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev); seroprevalences were 40% and 50%. retrospective analysis of an ocular herpes simplex 1 experiment demonstrated that hev seropositivity had no effect on experiment outcome. hev probably is widespread in research rabbits, but effects on research remain unknown. | 2014 | 24655426 |
| ribavirin for chronic hepatitis e virus infection in transplant recipients. | there is no established therapy for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. the aim of this retrospective, multicenter case series was to assess the effects of ribavirin as monotherapy for solid-organ transplant recipients with prolonged hev viremia. | 2014 | 24645943 |
| hepatitis e virus seroprevalence before hematopoietic sct: a pediatric experience. | 2014 | 24637901 | |
| comparison of three in-house elisas for the detection of hepatitis e virus infection in pigs under field conditions. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a rna non-enveloped virus that comprises four genotypes. the genome of hev is organized into three open reading frames (orfs), and the orf2 is responsible for encoding capsid proteins. hev can infect a wide range of hosts, and pigs are considered the main reservoir. hev infection is considered a zoonosis and it is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans, especially in developing countries. the development of a blocking elisa would be of high value for screening purpo ... | 2014 | 25010789 |
| identification and characterization of avian hepatitis e virus in 2013 outbreaks of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in two us layer operations. | two commercial midwestern egg-type chicken flocks experienced significant increases in mortality rates in april 2013 with clinical signs appearing in 17-week-old pullets on farm a and in 46-week-old hens on farm b. average weekly mortality was 0.44% over a 4-week period on farm a and 0.17% over an 8-week period on farm b. on farm a, flocks in the affected house had a 45% decrease in daily egg production from weeks 19 to 27 when compared with standard egg production curves (p < 0.01) while no dec ... | 2014 | 25010035 |
| hepatitis e in patients with hepatic disorders and hiv-infected patients in croatia: is one diagnostic method enough for hepatitis e diagnosis? | we assessed hepatitis e virus (hev) seroprevalence in patients with hepatic disorders as well as in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients and emphasised the issue of possible non-specific anti-hev seroresponse and need for combining diagnostic methods for hepatitis e diagnosis. over a two-year period, from march 2011 to february 2013, we determined anti-hev immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg by enzyme immunoassays (eia; mikrogen, germany) in 504 hepatitis patients negative for acute v ... | 2014 | 25005459 |
| first report of hepatitis e virus circulation in domestic pigs in nigeria. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans. zoonotic transmission between pigs and humans has been confirmed. human hev infection is common in nigeria; however, characterization of hev infection in other species was lacking. the objective of this study was to investigate hev infection in nigerian pigs. a total of 286 serum samples from six states in nigeria were tested for presence of anti-hev igg. ninety fecal samples from one of these states (plateau state) were ... | 2014 | 25002299 |
| first case report of an acute hepatitis e subgenotype 3c infection during pregnancy in germany. | hepatitis e is usually a self-limiting disease and an important cause of acute hepatitis in endemic countries in asia and africa. however, the mortality rate for pregnant women infected with hepatitis e virus (hev) in this area is about 25%. in germany, sporadic cases of acute hepatitis e infections have been described and the number of autochthonous infections is increasing. here we report an autochthonous hev subgenotype 3c infection in a 27-year old pregnant woman. this is the first documente ... | 2014 | 24996764 |
| seroprevalence study of hepatitis e virus infection in two districts of the czech republic. | the aim of this work was to retrospectively examine serum samples from 230 people living in two districts in the czech republic in year 1989 (znojmo and jihlava) for the igg antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev). for examination, commercial elisa kit dia.pro was used and 13 seropositive persons were found, i.e. 5.7% of those examined. the seropositivity rate was higher in women (6.8%) than in men (3.7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. the age of examined persons did n ... | 2014 | 25025670 |
| hepatitis e virus in patients with acute severe liver injury. | to examine the incidence of hepatitis e (hepe) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit. | 2014 | 25018853 |
| protective immunity against hev. | rural community of dongtai city in eastern china is endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev), with the zoonotic genotype 4 virus predominating. the virus appears to be widely distributed in environment at generally low levels, such that infection is common, but >97% of which are asymptomatic and provoke a modest antibody response. naturally acquired immunity affords 75% protection against infection, prevents disease caused by primary infection and alleviates severity of the disease caused by the resi ... | 2014 | 24835679 |
| serological and molecular evidence of a plausible transmission of hepatitis e virus through pooled plasma. | recently, hepatitis e virus has been recognized as a new transfusion-associated risk; however, its efficiency of transmission through blood products requires further investigation. asymptomatic viremia of short duration has been observed in blood donors from several european countries to the rate of <1:10,000 and hev transmission in recipients of blood products has been documented in japan and europe. although hev rna was detected in large plasma fractionation pools used for manufacturing of pla ... | 2014 | 24830322 |
| can hepatitis e virus be considered as an etiology of cryptogenic cirrhosis? | 2014 | 24829744 | |
| subclinical circulation of avian hepatitis e virus within a multiple-age rearing and broiler breeder farm indicates persistence and vertical transmission of the virus. | in a prospective longitudinal study, a broiler breeder flock and its progeny were monitored for the presence of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) rna and antibodies. the flock was part of a multiple-age farm where the presence of avian hev with clinical signs (increased mortality and decreased egg production) was demonstrated in several previous production cycles. samples were taken twice at the rearing site and several times at the production site from broiler breeders including cockerels and day-o ... | 2014 | 24828493 |