Publications

distinctive properties of the catalase b of aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans catalase b (catb) was purified to homogeneity and characterized as a hydroperoxidase which resembles typical catalases in some physicochemical characteristics: (1) it has an apparent molecular weight of 360000 and is composed of four glycosylated subunits, (2) it has hydrophobic properties as revealed by extractability in ethanol/chloroform and binding to phenyl-superose, and (3) it has an acidic isoelectric point at ph 3. 5. also catb exhibits some distinctive properties, e ...	2000	10858500
dynamics of cytoplasmic dynein in living cells and the effect of a mutation in the dynactin complex actin-related protein arp1.	cytoplasmic dynein is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor that participates in multiple cellular activities such as organelle transport and mitotic spindle assembly [1]. to study the dynamic behavior of cytoplasmic dynein in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, we replaced the gene for the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain, nuda, with a gene encoding a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged chimera, gfp-nuda. the gfp-nuda fusion protein is fully functional in vivo: strains expressing onl ...	2000	10837229
purification and characterization of an alpha-l-rhamnosidase from aspergillus nidulans.	an enzyme exhibiting alpha-l-rhamnosidase activity was purified by fractionating a culture filtrate of aspergillus nidulans grown on l-rhamnose as the sole carbon source. the alpha-l-rhamnosidase was shown to be n-glycosylated and had a molecular mass of 102 kda, of which approximately 7% was contributed by carbohydrate. the enzyme, optimally active at ph 4.5-6 and 60 degrees c, had an isoelectric point of 5. with rho-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside as the substrate it showed km and vmax va ...	2000	10972728
structure-function analysis of nadph:nitrate reductase from aspergillus nidulans: analysis of altered pyridine nucleotide specificity in vivo.	nitrate reductase (nar) catalyses the reduction of nitrate to nitrite via a two-electron transfer. in fungi, the electron donor for nar is nadph whereas plants can have two enzymes, nadh:nar and a bispecific nad(p)h:nar. pcr mutagenesis was employed to introduce mutations into the niad gene of aspergillus nidulans in order to identify residues involved in co-enzyme specificity. the niad3000 mutation (niad t813d, k814q) altered co-enzyme specificity: the new enzyme had high levels of nadh:nar act ...	2000	10846218
analysis of two aspergillus nidulans genes encoding extracellular proteases.	characterization of prtadelta mutants, generated by gene disruption, showed that the prta gene is responsible for the majority of extracellular protease activity secreted by aspergillus nidulans at both neutral and acid ph. the prta delta mutation was used to map the prta gene to chromosome v. though aspartic protease activity has never been reported in a. nidulans and the prtadelta mutants appear to lack detectable acid protease activity, a gene (prtb) encoding a putative aspartic protease was ...	2000	10882536
the tryptophan synthase-encoding trpb gene of aspergillus nidulans is regulated by the cross-pathway control system.	the tryptophan synthase-encoding gene, trpb, of aspergillus nidulans was cloned and characterized. it was mapped to chromosome i, between the gene meda, which is required for sexual and asexual development, and an orf encoding a protein with significant similarity to subunit b of vacuolar atp synthases. the 5' untranslated region was found to be at least 142 nucleotides (nt) long, the poly(a) addition site was localized at position + 216 relative to the stop codon by sequencing of several indepe ...	2000	10905354
cloning of a sugar utilization gene cluster in aspergillus parasiticus.	at one end of the 70 kb aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway gene cluster in aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus flavus reported earlier, we have cloned a group of four genes that constitute a well-defined gene cluster related to sugar utilization in a. parasiticus: (1) sugr, (2) hxta, (3) glca and (4) nada. no similar well-defined sugar gene cluster has been reported so far in any other related aspergillus species such as a. flavus, a. nidulans, a. sojae, a. niger, a. oryzae and a. fumigatus. the ...	2000	10978525
a high affinity fungal nitrate carrier with two transport mechanisms.	we have expressed the crna high affinity nitrate transporter from emericella (aspergillus) nidulans in xenopus oocytes and used electrophysiology to study its properties. this method was used because there are no convenient radiolabeled substrates for the transporter. oocytes injected with crna mrna showed nitrate-, nitrite-, and chlorite-dependent currents. although the gene was originally identified by chlorate selection there was no evidence for transport of this anion. the gene selection is ...	2000	10984478
a novel 'two-component' protein containing histidine kinase and response regulator domains required for sporulation in aspergillus nidulans.	we have characterised a-novel aspergillus nidulans gene encoding a 'two-component' signalling protein (tcsa). tcsa encodes both a histidine kinase domain and a response regulator domain similar to those found in bacterial, lower eukaryotic and plant members of the two-component family of proteins, while two pas domains in the amino-terminal region of the predicted tcsa product may monitor the signal which regulates a tcsa histidine kinase-response regulator phosphorelay. while tcsa is nonessenti ...	2000	10905426
an aspergillus oryzae ccaat-binding protein, aocp, is involved in the high-level expression of the taka-amylase a gene.	aspergillus oryzae contains a nuclear protein designated aocp, which binds specifically to a ccaat sequence in the promoter region of the a. oryzae taka-amylase a gene. a gene encoding a homologue of aspergillus nidulans hapc, a subunit of the a. nidulans ccaat binding complex, was isolated from a. oryzae and designated aohapc. aohapc comprises 215 amino acids and shows 84% identity to a. nidulans hapc. transformation of the a. nidulans hapc deletion strain with the aohapc gene restored the ccaa ...	2000	10905428
structural and functional analysis of mutations in alkaptonuria.	alkaptonuria (aku), the prototypic inborn error of metabolism, was the first human disease to be interpreted as a mendelian trait by garrod and bateson at the beginning of last century. aku results from impaired function of homogentisate dioxygenase (hgo), an enzyme required for the catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. with the novel 7 aku and 22 fungal mutations reported here, a total of 84 mutations impairing this enzyme have been found in the hgo gene from humans and model organisms. for ...	2000	11001939
c-jun and rack1 homologues regulate a control point for sexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	amino acid limitation results in impaired sexual fruit body formation in filamentous fungi such as aspergillus nidulans. the starvation signal is perceived by the cross-pathway regulatory network controlling the biosynthesis of translational precursors and results in increased expression of a transcriptional activator encoded by a c-jun homologue. in the presence of amino acids, the gene product of the mammalian rack1 homologue cpcb is required to repress the network. growth under amino acid sta ...	2000	10931303
antisense silencing of the crea gene in aspergillus nidulans.	antisense expression of a portion of the gene encoding the major carbon catabolite repressor crea in aspergillus nidulans resulted in a substantial increase in the levels of glucose-repressible enzymes, both endogenous and heterologous, in the presence of glucose. the derepression effect was approximately one-half of that achieved in a null crea mutant. unlike results for that mutant, however, growth parameters and colony morphology in the antisense transformants were not affected.	2000	11010922
the abc transporter atrb from aspergillus nidulans mediates resistance to all major classes of fungicides and some natural toxic compounds.	this paper reports the functional characterization of atrbp, an abc transporter from aspergillus nidulans. atrbp is a multidrug transporter and has affinity to substrates belonging to all major classes of agricultural fungicides and some natural toxic compounds. the substrate profile of atrbp was determined by assessing the sensitivity of deletion and overexpression mutants of atrb to several toxicants. all mutants showed normal growth as compared to control isolates. deltaatrb mutants displayed ...	2000	10931903
cloning and characterisation of a chitin synthase gene cdna from the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus and its expression during morphogenesis.	full-length cdna of a chitin synthase gene (chs1) was cloned from agaricus bisporus by screening a cdna library with a pcr amplified fragment of the chitin synthase gene. the chs1 contains an open reading frame of 2727 bp encoding a polypeptide of 909 amino acids and deduced molecular mass 102.3 kda and pi 8.23. the central region of chs1 showed strong homology to other fungal chitin synthase genes with seven conserved domains. it belongs to the chitin synthase class iii, analogous to chsb from ...	2000	10913868
a group of expressed cdna sequences from the wheat fungal leaf blotch pathogen, mycosphaerella graminicola (septoria tritici).	a group of expressed sequence tags (ests) from the wheat fungal pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola utilizing ammonium as a nitrogen source has been analyzed. single pass sequences of complementary dnas from 986 clones were determined. contig analysis and sequence comparisons allowed 704 unique ests (unigenes) to be identified, of which 148 appeared as multiple copies. searches of the nrdb95 protein database at embl using the blast2x algorithm revealed 407 (57.8%) sequences that generated high t ...	2000	10919380
the lis1-related nudf protein of aspergillus nidulans interacts with the coiled-coil domain of the nude/ro11 protein.	the nudf gene of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans acts in the cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin pathway and is required for distribution of nuclei. nudf protein, the product of the nudf gene, displays 42% sequence identity with the human protein lis1 required for neuronal migration. haploinsufficiency of the lis1 gene causes a malformation of the human brain known as lissencephaly. we screened for multicopy suppressors of a mutation in the nudf gene. the product of the nude gene isolated in ...	2000	10931877
identification of domains responsible for signal recognition and transduction within the qutr transcription repressor protein.	qutr (qutr-encoded transcription-repressing protein) is a multi-domain repressor protein active in the signal-transduction pathway that regulates transcription of the quinic acid utilization (qut) gene cluster in aspergillus nidulans. in the presence of quinate, production of mrna from the eight genes of the qut pathway is stimulated by the activator protein quta (quta-encoded transcription-activating protein). mutations in the qutr gene alter qutr function such that the transcription of the qut ...	2000	10926843
insertion of the line retrotransposon mgl causes a conidiophore pattern mutation in magnaporthe grisea.	we obtained three magnaporthe grisea morphological mutants that had the line transposon mgl inserted into the acr1 locus. sequence analysis revealed that acr1 is homologous to meda, a developmental regulator of aspergillus nidulans conidiation. these results demonstrated that mgl elements could transpose and cause insertional mutagenesis in m. grisea.	2000	10939262
pyrithiamine resistance gene (ptra) of aspergillus oryzae: cloning, characterization and application as a dominant selectable marker for transformation.	a pyrithiamine (pt) resistance gene (ptra) was cloned from a genomic dna library prepared from a pt resistant mutant of aspergillus oryzae. it conferred high resistance to pt on an a. oryzae industrial strain as well as a. nidulans. nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the ptra gene contained one intron (58-bp) and encodes 327 amino acid (aa) residues. additionally, the deduced aa sequence has 72% and 63% identity to fusarium solani sti35 encoding a stress-inducible protein and saccharomyces ...	2000	10945258
glucose dependent transcriptional expression of the cre1 gene in acremonium chrysogenum strains showing different levels of cephalosporin c production.	the cre1 gene from the beta-lactam producer acremonium chrysogenum has been isolated and characterized in order to study glucose-dependent gene expression in this biotechnically important fungus. the deduced protein sequence is highly similar to amino-acid sequences of other known glucose repressors from filamentous fungi, and carries conserved zinc-finger and regulatory motifs. contrary to cre gene expression in trichoderma reesei and aspergillus nidulans, the transcript level of the cre1 gene ...	2000	10905429
comparison of the sequences of the aspergillus nidulans hxb and drosophila melanogaster ma-l genes with nifs from azotobacter vinelandii suggests a mechanism for the insertion of the terminal sulphur atom in the molybdopterin cofactor.	the molybdopterin cofactor (mocf) is required for the activity of a variety of oxidoreductases. the xanthine oxidase class of molybdoenzymes requires the mocf to have a terminal, cyanolysable sulphur ligand. in the sulphite oxidase/nitrate reductase class, an oxygen is present in the same position. mutations in both the ma-l gene of drosophila melanogaster and the hxb gene of aspergillus nidulans result in loss of activities of all molybdoenzymes that necessitate a cyanolysable sulphur in the ac ...	2000	11029694
ph regulation of gene expression in fungi.	a system for the regulation of gene expression by ambient (extracellular) ph was first identified in aspergillus nidulans. this system consists of the products of the pacc and pala, b, c, f, h, and i genes. pacc encodes a zinc finger transcription factor and these pal genes encode components of an ambient ph signal transduction pathway. ph regulatory systems have also been identified in other fungi. components of these regulatory systems are homologous to those in a. nidulans. this review descri ...	2000	10919375
morphogenesis in aspergillus nidulans requires dopey (dopa), a member of a novel family of leucine zipper-like proteins conserved from yeast to humans.	dopa is the founding member of a novel protein family required for correct cell morphology and spatiotemporal organization of multicellular structures in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. dopa homologues from saccharomyces cerevisiae (dop1), candida albicans, caenorhabditis elegans, rattus norvegicus and homo sapiens have been identified from genome sequencing projects. s. cerevisiae dop1 is essential for viability and, like dopa, affects cellular morphogenesis. dopa encodes a large p ...	2000	10931277
prevalence and outcome of invasive fungal infections in 1,963 thoracic organ transplant recipients: a multicenter retrospective study. italian study group of fungal infections in thoracic organ transplant recipients.	fungal infections (fi) after solid organ transplantation (tx) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. aspergillus and candida account for more than 80% of fi.	2000	10919584
identification of a candida albicans homologue of the pho85 gene, a negative regulator of the pho system in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	in a screen for the protein kinase genes of the human pathogenic yeast candida albicans, a putative homologue (capho85) of pho85, a negative regulator of the pho system of saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is one of the cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks), was isolated. an open reading frame (orf) of this gene was identified encoding a predicted protein of 326 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 37.6 kda. the amino acid sequence is highly homologous to s. cerevisiae pho85 (62% id ...	2000	10923026
increased transformation efficiency of aspergillus nidulans protoplasts in the presence of dithiothreitol.		2000	10929816
mitotic histone h3 phosphorylation by the nima kinase in aspergillus nidulans.	phosphorylation of histone h3 serine 10 correlates with chromosome condensation and is required for normal chromosome segregation in tetrahymena. this phosphorylation is dependent upon activation of the nima kinase in aspergillus nidulans. nima expression also induces ser-10 phosphorylation inappropriately in s phase-arrested cells and in the absence of nimx(cdc2) activity. at mitosis, nima becomes enriched on chromatin and subsequently localizes to the mitotic spindle and spindle pole bodies. t ...	2000	10975520
the catabolite inactivation of aspergillus nidulans isocitrate lyase occurs by specific autophagy of peroxisomes.	in aspergillus nidulans, activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme isocitrate lyase is finely regulated. isocitrate lyase is induced by growth on c2 compounds and long-chain fatty acids and repressed by glucose. in addition, activity of isocitrate lyase is subject to a second mechanism of catabolite control, glucose-induced inactivation. here, we demonstrate that the catabolite inactivation of a. nidulans isocitrate lyase, a process that takes place during glucose adaptation of cells grown under g ...	2000	10985743
a recq family dna helicase gene from aspergillus nidulans.	we have identified an aspergillus nidulans gene encoding a recq family helicase which we have therefore named recq. the a. nidulans recq protein is most closely related in sequence to human recq helicase 5. like the latter polypeptide, a. nidulans recq consists of little more than the conserved helicase domain, lacking the long amino- and carboxy-terminal extensions seen in other recq family members such as blm and wrn and in the sole recq family helicase of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (s ...	2000	11092746
identification and characterization of two ca2+/cam-dependent protein kinases required for normal nuclear division in aspergillus nidulans.	we utilized an expression screen to identify two novel ca(2+)/calmodulin (cam)-regulated protein kinases in aspergillus nidulans. the two kinases, cmkb and cmkc, possess high sequence identity with mammalian cam kinases (camks) i/iv and camkkalpha/beta, respectively. in vitro cmkc phosphorylates and increases the activity of cmkb, indicating they are biochemical homologues of camkkalpha/beta and camki/iv. the disruption of cmkb is lethal; however, when protein expression is postponed, the spores ...	2000	10988293
characterization of two putative histone deacetylase genes from aspergillus nidulans.	in eukaryotic organisms, acetylation of core histones plays a key role in the regulation of transcription. multiple histone acetyltransferases (hats) and histone deacetylases (hdacs) maintain a dynamic equilibrium of histone acetylation. the latter form a highly conserved protein family in many eukaryotic species. in this paper, we report the cloning and sequencing of two putative histone deacetylase genes (rpda, hosa) of aspergillus nidulans, which are the first to be analyzed from filamentous ...	2000	11004483
the role of abc transporters from aspergillus nidulans in protection against cytotoxic agents and in antibiotic production.	this paper describes the characterization of atrc and atrd (abc transporters c and d), two novel abc transporter-encoding genes from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, and provides evidence for the involvement of atrd in multidrug transport and antibiotic production. blast analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of atrcp and atrdp reveals high homology to abc transporter proteins of the p-glycoprotein cluster. atrdp shows a particularly high degree of identity to the amino acid se ...	2000	10954082
molecular responses to changes in the environmental ph are conserved between the fungal pathogens candida dubliniensis and candida albicans.	in this work we cloned cdphr1 and cdphr2 from the human fungal pathogen candida dubliniensis. the two genes are homologues to the ph-regulated genes phr1 and phr2 from candida albicans. the ph-dependent pattern of expression of cdphr1 and cdphr2 was conserved in c. dubliniensis. cdphr1 could be shown to be functionally equivalent to phr1. the ph-regulated mode of expression was maintained when cdphr1 was integrated in c. albicans. this indicates a fundamentally similar mode of expressional regul ...	2000	10959725
isolation and characterization of two evolutionarily conserved murine kinases (nek6 and nek7) related to the fungal mitotic regulator, nima.	entrance and exit from mitosis in aspergillus nidulans require activation and proteolysis, respectively, of the nima (never in mitosis, gene a) serine/threonine kinase. four different nima-related kinases were reported in mammals (nek1-4), but none of them has been shown to perform mitotic functions related to those demonstrated for nima. we describe here the isolation of two novel murine protein kinase genes, designated nek6 and nek7, which are highly similar to each other (87% amino acid ident ...	2000	10964517
a defined sequence within the 3' utr of the area transcript is sufficient to mediate nitrogen metabolite signalling via accelerated deadenylation.	nitrogen metabolism in aspergillus nidulans is regulated by area, a member of the gata family of transcription factors. one mechanism that modulates area activity involves the rapid degradation of the area transcript when sufficient nh4+ or gln are available. this signalling mechanism has been shown to require a region of 218 nucleotides within the 3' untranslated region of area mrna. we demonstrate that this region functions independently in a heterologous transcript and acts to accelerate degr ...	2000	10972840
characterization of the class i alpha-mannosidase gene family in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	we describe the cloning and sequence characterization of three class i alpha-1,2-mannosidase genes from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. we used degenerate pcr primers to amplify a portion of the alpha-1,2-mannosidase ia gene and used the pcr fragment to isolate the 2495 nt genomic gene plus several hundred bases of flanking region. putative introns were confirmed by rt-pcr. coding regions of the genomic sequence were used to identify two additional members of the gene family by blas ...	2000	10974561
characterization of aspergillus niger pectate lyase a.	the aspergillus niger plya gene encoding pectate lyase a (ec 4.2.99. 3) was cloned from a chromosomal lambda(embl4) library using the aspergillus nidulans pectate lyase encoding gene [dean, r. a., and timberlake, w. e. (1989) plant cell 1, 275-284] as a probe. the plya gene was overexpressed using a promoter fusion with the a. niger pyruvate kinase promoter. purification of the recombinant pectate lyase a resulted in the identification of two enzyme forms of which one appeared to be n-glycosylat ...	2000	11112543
development of a pcr-based line probe assay for identification of fungal pathogens.	we report on a reverse-hybridization line probe assay (lipa) which when combined with pcr amplification detects and identifies clinically significant fungal pathogens including candida, aspergillus, and cryptococcus species. dna probes have been designed from the internal transcribed-spacer (its) regions of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida dubliniensis, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, asp ...	2000	11015393
molecular cloning and characterization of a gene encoding glutaminase from aspergillus oryzae.	a glutaminase from aspergillus oryzae was purified and its molecular weight was determined to be 82,091 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. purified glutaminase catalysed the hydrolysis not only of l-glutamine but also of d-glutamine. both the molecular weight and the substrate specificity of this glutaminase were different from those reported previously [yano et al. (1998) j ferment technol 66: 137-143]. on the basis of its internal amino acid sequen ...	2000	10952006
protein expression and subcellular localization of the general purine transporter uapc from aspergillus nidulans.	the uapc gene of aspergillus nidulans belongs to a family of nucleobase-specific transporters conserved in prokaryotic and eucaryotic organisms. we report the use of immunological and green fluorescent protein based strategies to study protein expression and subcellular distribution of uapc. a chimeric protein containing a plant-adapted green fluorescent protein (sgfp) fused to the c-terminus of uapc was shown to be functional in vivo, as it complements a triple mutant (i.e., uapc(-) uapa(-) azg ...	2000	11017766
the dna-binding domain of the gene regulatory protein area extends beyond the minimal zinc-finger region conserved between gata proteins.	the area protein of aspergillus nidulans regulates the activity of over 100 genes involved in the utilisation of nitrogen, and has a limited region of homology with the vertebrate family of gata proteins around a zinc finger (zf) motif. a 66 amino acid (a.a.) residue fragment (zf(66)) corresponding to the zinc finger, a 91 a.a fragment (zf(91)) containing an additional 25 a.a. at the c-terminus, and a much larger 728 a.a. sequence (3'ex) corresponding to the 3'exon have been over-expressed as fu ...	2000	11018257
characterization and mapping of an informational suppressor in aspergillus nidulans.	the present work was undertaken to characterize a suppressor gene present in a mutant strain of a. nidulans obtained with ntg (n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine). analyses of this mutant have shown that this suppressor, designated suo1, induces phenotypic co-reversion of several auxotrophic mutations and makes the strain sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics and lower temperatures. suo1 has shown to be on linkage group viii. the vegetative growth of the mutant strain is very unstable becaus ...	2000	11021306
the aspergillus nidulans cysa gene encodes a novel type of serine o-acetyltransferase which is homologous to homoserine o-acetyltransferases.	the aspergillus nidulans cysa gene was cloned by functional complementation of the cysa1 mutation that impairs the synthesis of o:-acetylserine. the molecular nature of cysa1 and cysa103 alleles was characterized; a nucleotide substitution and a frame shift were found in the former and a deletion mutation in the latter. the cysa protein is 525 amino acids long and is encoded by an uninterrupted open reading frame. expression of the cysa gene appears not to be regulated by sulfur, carbon and nitr ...	2000	11021945
rapid and sensitive plate method for detection of aspergillus fumigatus.	the routine identification of aspergillus fumigatus in clinical samples involves, apart from direct examination, the isolation of the organism on a plate followed by its microscopic characterization. this approach lacks sensitivity, specificity, and speed. a new procedure has been developed combining microcolony formation on a nylon membrane filter at 45 degrees c with the detection of a specific 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-l-arabinopyranoside cleaving enzyme activity in digitonin permeabilized c ...	2000	11015405
preferential accessibility of the yeast his3 promoter is determined by a general property of the dna sequence, not by specific elements.	yeast promoter regions are often more accessible to nuclear proteins than are nonpromoter regions. as assayed by hinfi endonuclease cleavage in living yeast cells, hinfi sites located in the promoters of all seven genes tested were 5- to 20-fold more accessible than sites in adjacent nonpromoter regions. hinfi hypersensitivity within the his3 promoter region is locally determined, since it was observed when this region was translocated to the middle of the ade2 structural gene. detailed analysis ...	2000	10958664
mitochondrial movement and morphology depend on an intact actin cytoskeleton in aspergillus nidulans.	mitochondria are essential organelles for the oxidative energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. determinants of mitochondrial morphology as well as the machinery underlying their subcellular distribution are not well understood. in this study we constructed an aspergillus nidulans strain, in which mitochondria are stained with the green-fluorescent protein (gfp) to visualize them and study their behavior in vivo (http://www.uni-marburg. de/mpi/movies/mitochondria/mitochondria.html). mitochondria ...	2000	10618165
pantothenate kinase regulation of the intracellular concentration of coenzyme a.	pantothenate kinase (pank) is the key regulatory enzyme in the coa biosynthetic pathway in bacteria and is thought to play a similar role in mammalian cells. we examined this hypothesis by identifying and characterizing two murine cdnas that encoded pank. the two cdnas were predicted to arise from alternate splicing of the same gene to yield different mrnas that encode two isoforms (mpank1alpha and mpank1beta) with distinct amino termini. the predicted protein sequence of mpank1 was not related ...	2000	10625688
bordetella pertussis tonb, a bvg-independent virulence determinant.	in gram-negative bacteria, high-affinity iron uptake requires the tonb/exbb/exbd envelope complex to release iron chelates from their specific outer membrane receptors into the periplasm. based on sequence similarities, the bordetella pertussis tonb exbb exbd locus was identified on a cloned dna fragment. the tight organization of the three genes suggests that they are cotranscribed. a putative fur-binding sequence located upstream from tonb was detected in a fur titration assay, indicating that ...	2000	10722583
characterization of mrad18sc, a mouse homolog of the yeast postreplication repair gene rad18.	the rad18 gene of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein with ssdna binding activity that interacts with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme rad6 and plays an important role in postreplication repair. we identified and characterized the putative mouse homolog of rad18, designated mrad18sc. the mrad18sc open reading frame encodes a 509-amino-acid polypeptide that is strongly conserved in size and sequence between yeast and mammals, with specific conservation of the ring-zinc-finger and ...	2000	11013078
biolistic co-transformation of metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum strain cg423 with green fluorescent protein and resistance to glufosinate ammonium.	metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (syn. m. flavoviride) is recognized as a highly specific and virulent mycopathogen of locusts and grasshoppers and is currently being developed as a biological control agent for this group of insects in brazil. intact conidia of m. anisopliae var. acridum strain cg423 were transformed using microparticle bombardment. plasmids used were: (1) pbarks1 carrying the bar gene of streptomyces hygroscopicus fused to the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter, encoding res ...	2000	11024271
two kinesin-related proteins associated with the cold-stable cytoskeleton of carrot cells: characterization of a novel kinesin, dckrp120-2.	we have previously described the biochemical isolation of 65 kda and 120 kda microtubule-associated proteins from carrot cytoskeletons. the 65 kda maps have subsequently been shown to be structural maps that reconstitute 30 nm cross-bridges of the kind that maintain cortical microtubules in parallel groups. by exploiting its avid binding to microtubules, we have now devised a method for isolating map120 from protoplast extracts, and shown that it has properties of a kinesin-related protein. map1 ...	2000	11135119
pds5 cooperates with cohesin in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion.	sister chromatid cohesion depends on a complex called cohesin, which contains at least four subunits: smc1, smc3, scc1 and scc3. cohesion is established during dna replication, is partially dismantled in many, but not all, organisms during prophase, and is finally destroyed at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. a quite separate protein called spo76 is required for sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis in the ascomycete sordaria. spo76-like proteins are highly conserved amongst eukaryotes a ...	2000	11137006
a new approach for the identification and cloning of genes: the pbacwich system using cre/lox site-specific recombination.	with current plant transformation methods ( agrobacterium, biolistics and protoplast fusion), insertion of dna into the genome occurs randomly and in many instances at multiple sites. associated position effects, copy number differences and multigene interactions can make gene expression experiments difficult to interpret and plant phenotypes less predictable. an alternative approach to random integration of large dna fragments into plants is to utilize one of several site-specific recombination ...	2000	10710436
architectural transcription factors and the saga complex function in parallel pathways to activate transcription.	recent work has shown that transcription of the yeast ho gene involves the sequential recruitment of a series of transcription factors. we have performed a functional analysis of ho regulation by determining the ability of mutations in sin1, sin3, rpd3, and sin4 negative regulators to permit ho expression in the absence of certain activators. mutations in the sin1 (=spt2) gene do not affect ho regulation, in contrast to results of other studies using an ho:lacz reporter, and our data show that t ...	2000	10713159
thioesterase domain of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase: alteration of stereospecificity by site-directed mutagenesis.	the carboxy-terminal thioesterase domain of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine synthetase catalyzes the hydrolytic release of the tripeptide product (lld-acv). by site-directed mutagenesis an s3599a change was introduced into the highly conserved gxsxg motif, resulting in a more than 95 % decrease of penicillin production. purification of the modified multienzyme showed surprisingly only a 50 % reduction of the peptide formation rate, with the stereoisomer delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipy ...	2000	10715209
construction of an equalized cdna library from colletotrichum lagenarium and its application to the isolation of differentially expressed genes.	to establish an efficient screening system for differentially expressed genes of a phytopathogenic fungus colletotrichum lagenarium, we constructed an equalized (normalized) cdna library from c. lagenarium and used this library for differential screening. for the isolation of genes involved in infection-related developments of conidia, conidia undergoing appressorium differentiation were selected as the source of materials for construction of the cdna library. the equalization of cdna was perfor ...	2000	10721483
heterologous expression in aspergillus nidulans of a trichoderma longibrachiatum endoglucanase of enological relevance.	an aspergillus nidulans transformant expressing the trichoderma longibrachiatum endoglucanase 1 gene (egl1) has been constructed. the extracellular production of egl1 in different culture media has been studied, and a medium has been found in which egl1 is the predominant extracellular protein produced. the enzymatic properties of the heterologously produced egl1 are very similar to those of the native enzyme. grape maceration in the presence of culture filtrate enriched in egl1 resulted in incr ...	2000	10725180
mutational analysis of tyrosine-191 in the catalysis of cephalosporium acremonium isopenicillin n synthase.	isopenicillin n synthase (ipns) is a key enzyme responsible for the catalytic conversion of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv) to isopenicillin n in the beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic pathway. the aspergillus nidulans ipns crystal structure implicated amino acid residues tyrosine-189, arginine-279, and serine-281 in the substrate-binding of the valine carboxylate portion of acv via hydrogen bonds. in previous reports, we provided mutational evidence for the critical inv ...	2000	10739949
a comparative repair study of thymine- and uracil-photodimers with model compounds and a photolyase repair enzyme.	cyclobutane uridine and thymidine dimers with cis-syn-structure are dna lesions, which are efficiently repaired in many species by dna photolyases. the essential step of the repair reaction is a light driven electron transfer from a reduced fad cofactor (fadh ) to the dimer lesion, which splits spontaneously into the monomers. repair studies with uv-light damaged dna revealed significant rate differences for the various dimer lesions. in particular the effect of the almost eclipsed positioned me ...	2000	10747389
evidence that the aspergillus nidulans class i and class ii chitin synthase genes, chsc and chsa, share critical roles in hyphal wall integrity and conidiophore development.	although many chitin synthase genes have been identified in a broad range of fungal species, there have been only a few reports about their role in fungal morphogenesis. in most cases, single gene disruption or replacement did not reveal their function, possibly because of functional redundancy among them. we obtained null mutants of aspergillus nidulans chsa and chsc genes encoding non-essential class ii and class i chitin synthases, respectively. the deltachsa deltachsc mutant exhibited growth ...	2000	10731706
mutation of a putative ampk phosphorylation site abolishes the repressor activity but not the nuclear targeting of the fungal glucose regulator cre1.	in filamentous ascomycetes, glucose repression is mediated by cre1, a zinc-finger protein related to miglp from yeast. five putative ampk phosphorylation motifs identified in the glucose repressor from the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum were mutated in a gfp::cre1 translational fusion. complementation experiments in aspergillus nidulans and fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that mutation of one site (ser266) abolishes the repressor activity of the fusion protein but not it ...	2000	10853770
on the mechanism by which alkaline ph prevents expression of an acid-expressed gene.	previous work has shown that zinc finger transcription factor pacc mediates the regulation of gene expression by ambient ph in the fungus aspergillus nidulans. this regulation ensures that the syntheses of molecules functioning in the external environment, such as permeases, secreted enzymes, and exported metabolites, are tailored to the ph of the growth environment. a direct role for pacc in activating the expression of an alkaline-expressed gene has previously been demonstrated, but the mechan ...	2000	10779325
identification of aspergillus species using internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2.	aspergillus species are the most frequent cause of invasive mold infections in immunocompromised patients. although over 180 species are found within the genus, 3 species, aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, and a. terreus, account for most cases of invasive aspergillosis (ia), with a. nidulans, a. niger, and a. ustus being rare causes of ia. the ability to distinguish between the various clinically relevant aspergillus species may have diagnostic value, as certain species are associated with high ...	2000	10747135
using dna-tagged mutagenesis to improve heterologous protein production in aspergillus oryzae.	using dna-tagged mutagenesis to improve heterologous protein production in aspergillus oryzae. fungal genetics and biology 29, 28-37. restriction enzyme-mediated integration (remi) has been employed as a mutagen to generate two insertion libraries in an aspergillus oryzae strain expressing a thermomyces lanuginosus lipase. the remi libraries were created using linearized plasmid containing the a. oryzae pyrg and either bamhi or ecori enzyme. the libraries were screened for lipase production, and ...	2000	10779397
cloning and expression of the s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene of neurospora crassa and processing of its product.	s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (adometdc) catalyzes the formation of decarboxylated adometdc, a precursor of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. the enzyme is derived from a proenzyme by autocatalytic cleavage. we report the cloning and regulation of the gene for adometdc in neurospora crassa, spe-2, and the effect of putrescine on enzyme maturation and activity. the gene was cloned from a genomic library by complementation of a spe-2 mutant. like other adometdcs, that of neurospora is d ...	2000	10852489
large-scale comparison of fungal sequence information: mechanisms of innovation in neurospora crassa and gene loss in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we report a large-scale comparison of sequence data from the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa with the complete genome sequence of saccharomyces cerevisiae. n. crassa is considerably more morphologically and developmentally complex than s. cerevisiae. we found that n. crassa has a much higher proportion of "orphan" genes than s. cerevisiae, suggesting that its morphological complexity reflects the acquisition or maintenance of novel genes, consistent with its larger genome. our results also ...	2000	10779483
the reliability of the aspergillus nidulans physical map.	here we report an evaluation of the aspergillus nidulans physical map (a cosmid contig map) emphasizing quantification and description of obvious mapping errors. classification and appraisal of mapping errors should be helpful to researchers working on particular regions of the map. we estimate between 47 (4.1%) and 63 (5.4%) probe/clone-linking errors. the majority of identified false links (38) permit reciprocal exchanges among linking clones located on disconnected mapping regions. the order ...	2000	10882534
tagging of genes involved in multidrug resistance in aspergillus nidulans.	we have used a plasmid containing the neurospora crassa pyr4 gene to transform an aspergillus nidulans pyrg89 mutant strain in the presence of bam-hi, and isolated multidrug-sensitive mutants among the transformants. using this approach, we hoped to identify genes whose products are important for drug resistance by analyzing gene disruptions that alter the drug sensitivity of the cell. about 1300 transformants isolated following transformation were screened for sensitivity to drugs or various st ...	2000	10852493
biosynthesis of pyridoxine: origin of the nitrogen atom of pyridoxine in microorganisms.	the amide nitrogen atom of glutamine was incorporated into pyridoxine in four eukaryotes, emericella nidulans, mucor racemosus, neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two prokaryotes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis, but not in the following prokaryotes, pseudomonas putida, enterobacter aerogenes and escherichia coli. on the other hand, the nitrogen atom of glutamate was incorporated into pyridoxine in p. putida, e. aerogenes and e. coli, but not in s. aureus and b. subt ...	2000	10885790
a novel nuclear factor, sreb, binds to a cis-acting element, sre, required for inducible expression of the aspergillus oryzae taka-amylase a gene in a. nidulans.	the taka-amylase a gene (taag2) of aspergillus oryzae is inducibly expressed in a. nidulans upon exposure to inducing carbon sources, such as starch and maltose. in order to identify nuclear factor(s) possibly involved in the induction of the taag2 gene, gel mobility shift assays and dnase i footprinting analyses were carried out, and revealed a novel nuclear factor in a. nidulans extracts, which specifically bound to two sites in the taag2 promoter region, -204 to -189 and -182 to -168, which s ...	2000	10778741
the analysis of the transcriptional activator prna reveals a tripartite nuclear localisation sequence.	nuclear localisation signals (nlss) have been classified as either mono- or bipartite. genetic analysis and gfp fusions show that the nls of a zn-binuclear cluster transcriptional activator of aspergillus nidulans (prna) is tripartite. this nls comprises two amino-terminal basic sequences and the first basic sequence of the zn-cluster. neither the two amino-terminal basic sequences nor the paradigmatic nucleoplasmin bipartite nls drive our construction to the nucleus. cryosensitive mutations in ...	2000	10788322
aspergillus stea (sterile12-like) is a homeodomain-c2/h2-zn+2 finger transcription factor required for sexual reproduction.	saccharomyces cerevisiae ste12p plays a key role in coupling signal transduction through map kinase modules to cell-specific or morphogenesis-specific gene expression required for mating and pseudohyphal (ph)/filamentous growth (fg). ste12p homologues in the pathogenic yeasts candida albicans and filobasidiela neoformans apparently play similar roles during dimorphic transitions. here we report the isolation and characterization of the first ste12 protein from a true filamentous fungus. aspergil ...	2000	10792717
the crystal structure and active site location of isocitrate lyase from the fungus aspergillus nidulans.	isocitrate lyase catalyses the first committed step of the carbon-conserving glyoxylate bypass, the mg(2+)-dependent reversible cleavage of isocitrate into succinate and glyoxylate. this metabolic pathway is an inviting target for the control of a number of diseases, because the enzymes involved in this cycle have been identified in many pathogens including mycobacterium leprae and leishmania.	2000	10801489
cloning and characterization of avfa and omtb genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis in three aspergillus species.	the biosynthesis of aflatoxins (b(1), g(1), b(2), and g(2)) is a multi-enzyme process controlled genetically by over 20 genes. in this study, we report the identification and characterization of the avfa gene, which was found to be involved in the conversion of averufin (avf) to versiconal hemiacetal acetate (vha), in aspergillus parasiticus and a. flavus; a copy of avfa gene was also cloned from a non-aflatoxin producing strain a. sojae. complementation of an averufin-accumulating, non-aflatoxi ...	2000	10806361
interaction of human phagocytes with pigmentless aspergillus conidia.	a defect in the pksp gene of aspergillus fumigatus is associated with the loss of conidial pigmentation, a profound change of the conidial surface structure, and reduced virulence. the structural change of the conidial surface structure was not observed in similar a. nidulans wa mutants. our data indicate that the pigment of both species is important for scavenging reactive oxygen species and for protection of conidia against oxidative damage.	2000	10816538
nitrate assimilation genes of the marine diazotrophic, filamentous cyanobacterium trichodesmium sp. strain wh9601.	a 4.0-kb dna fragment of trichodesmium sp. strain wh9601 contained gene sequences encoding the nitrate reduction enzymes, nira and narb. a third gene positioned between nira and narb encodes a putative membrane protein with similarity to the nitrate permeases of bacillus subtilis (nasa) and emericella nidulans (crna). the gene was shown to functionally complement a deltanasa mutant of b. subtilis and was assigned the name napa (nitrate permease). napa was involved in both nitrate and nitrite upt ...	2000	10692386
ami1, an orthologue of the aspergillus nidulans apsa gene, is involved in nuclear migration events throughout the life cycle of podospora anserina.	the podospora anserina ami1-1 mutant was identified as a male-sterile strain. microconidia (which act as male gametes) form, but are anucleate. paraphysae from the perithecium beaks are also anucleate when ami1-1 is used as the female partner in a cross. furthermore, in crosses heterozygous for ami1-1, some crozier cells are uninucleate rather than binucleate. in addition to these nuclear migration defects, which occur at the transition between syncytial and cellular states, ami1-1 causes abnorm ...	2000	10835387
conidial germination in aspergillus nidulans requires ras signaling and protein synthesis.	the dormant spores of aspergillus nidulans become competent for growth and nuclear division in a process called conidial germination. to analyze the molecular details of conidial germination, we developed a genetic screen in which we identified spore germination-deficient mutants that are blocked in this process at the restrictive temperature. these mutants defined eight genes, of which we identified five. four of the five were directly involved in translation and protein folding, and the fifth ...	2000	10835388
confocal microscopy of fm4-64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae.	confocal microscopy of amphiphilic styryl dyes has been used to investigate endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. hyphae were treated with fm4-64, fm1-43 or tma-dph, three of the most commonly used membrane-selective dyes reported as markers of endocytosis. all three dyes were rapidly internalized within hyphae. fm4-64 was found best for imaging the dynamic changes in size, morphology and position of the apical vesicle cluster within growing hyphal tips because of its stai ...	2000	10849201
cloning and heterologous expression of solorina crocea pyrg.	a pyrg gene, encoding orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase, was cloned from a phage library derived from the lichen solorina crocea. phylogenetic analysis and a survey of geographically well-separated specimens were used to verify that the gene represented the fungal component of the lichen. both coding and upstream sequences of s. crocea pyrg exhibited features typical of fungal genes. a 132-bp intron interrupting the coding region between nucleotides 157 and 288 was confirmed by rt-pcr and ...	2000	10853771
ambient ph signalling in ascomycetous yeasts involves homologues of the aspergillus nidulans genes palf and paih.	in yarrowia lipolytica, the transcription factor rim101p mediates both ph regulation and control of mating and sporulation. like its homologues pacc of aspergillus nidulans and rim101p of saccharomyces cerevisiae, y1rim101p is activated by proteolytic c-terminal processing, which occurs in response to a signal transduced by a pathway involving several pal gene products. we report here the cloning and sequencing of two of these genes, pal2 and pal3. pal2 encodes a putative 632-residue protein wit ...	2000	10821185
amino acid residues n450 and q449 are critical for the uptake capacity and specificity of uapa, a prototype of a nucleobase-ascorbate transporter family.	specific carrier-mediated transport of purine and pyrimidine nucleobases across cell membranes is a basic biological process in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. recent in silico analysis has shown that the aspergillus nidulans (uapa, uapc) and bacterial (pbux, uraa, pyrp) nucleobase transporters, and a group of mammalian l-ascorbic acid transporters (svct1 and svct2), constitute a unique protein family which includes putative homologues from archea, bacteria, plants and metazoans. the constructi ...	2000	10824738
the aspergillus nidulans crec gene involved in carbon catabolite repression encodes a wd40 repeat protein.	expression of many microbial genes required for the utilisation of less favoured carbon sources is carbon catabolite repressed in the presence of a preferred carbon source such as d-glucose. in aspergillus nidulans, crec mutants show derepression in the presence of d-glucose of some, but not all, systems normally subject to carbon catabolite repression. these mutants also fail to grow on some carbon sources, and show minor morphological impairment and altered sensitivity to toxic compounds inclu ...	2000	10852476
lack of host specialization in aspergillus flavus.	aspergillus spp. cause disease in a broad range of organisms, but it is unknown if strains are specialized for particular hosts. we evaluated isolates of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspergillus nidulans for their ability to infect bean leaves, corn kernels, and insects (galleria mellonella). strains of a. flavus did not affect nonwounded bean leaves, corn kernels, or insects at 22 degrees c, but they killed insects following hemocoelic challenge and caused symptoms ranging fro ...	2000	10618242
heterotrimeric g-proteins of a filamentous fungus regulate cell wall composition and susceptibility to a plant pr-5 protein.	membrane permeabilizing plant defensive proteins first encounter the fungal cell wall that can harbor specific components that facilitate or prevent access to the plasma membrane. however, signal transduction pathways controlling cell wall composition in filamentous fungi are largely unknown. we report here that the deposition of cell wall constituents that block the action of osmotin (pr-5), an antifungal plant defense protein, against aspergillus nidulans requires the activity of a heterotrime ...	2000	10792821
on how a transcription factor can avoid its proteolytic activation in the absence of signal transduction.	in response to alkaline ambient ph, the aspergillus nidulans pacc transcription factor mediating ph regulation of gene expression is activated by proteolytic removal of a negative-acting c-terminal domain. we demonstrate interactions involving the approximately 150 c-terminal pacc residues and two regions located immediately downstream of the dna binding domain. our data indicate two full-length pacc conformations whose relative amounts depend upon ambient ph: one 'open' and accessible for proce ...	2000	10675341
molecular cloning and characterization of a glucan synthase gene from the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	1,3-beta-d-glucan is a fungal cell wall polymer synthesized by the multi-subunit enzyme 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. a subunit of this integral membrane protein was first described as the product of the fks1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae using echinocandin mutants. other fks1 genes were also reported for candida albicans, aspergillus nidulans and cryptococcus neoformans. here, we report the nucleotide sequence of the first homologous fks gene cloned from the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioide ...	2000	10705373
the nima-related kinase x-nek2b is required for efficient assembly of the zygotic centrosome in xenopus laevis.	nek2 is a mammalian cell cycle-regulated serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the family of proteins related to nima of aspergillus nidulans. functional studies in diverse species have implicated nima-related kinases in g(2)/m progression, chromatin condensation and centrosome regulation. to directly address the requirements for vertebrate nek2 kinases in these cell cycle processes, we have turned to the biochemically-tractable system provided by xenopus laevis egg extracts. following isolati ...	2000	10806108
in vivo studies of upstream regulatory cis-acting elements of the alcr gene encoding the transactivator of the ethanol regulon in aspergillus nidulans.	the alcr gene of aspergillus nidulans, which encodes the specific transactivator of the ethanol utilization pathway, is positively autoregulated and carbon catabolite repressed. regulation by these two circuits occurs at the transcriptional level via the binding of the two regulators, alcr and crea, to their cognate targets respectively. we demonstrate here that out of two clustered putative alcr repeated consensus sequences, only the palindromic target is functional in vivo. hence, it is solely ...	2000	10760169
the presence of gsi-like genes in higher plants: support for the paralogous evolution of gsi and gsii genes.	glutamine synthetase type i (gsi) genes have previously been described only in prokaryotes except that the fungus emericella nidulans contains a gene (flug) which encodes a protein with a large n-terminal domain linked to a c-terminal gsi-like domain. eukaryotes generally contain the type ii (gsii) genes which have been shown to occur also in some prokaryotes. the question of whether gsi and gsii genes are orthologues or paralogues remains a point of controversy. in this article we show that gsi ...	2000	10684345
characterization of the aspergillus parasiticus major nitrogen regulatory gene, area.	the major nitrogen regulatory gene, area, was cloned from aspergillus parasiticus. it encoded a polypeptide of 864 amino acids which contained a nuclear localization signal (nls), a highly acidic region from positions 497 to 542, a cys-x(2)-cys-x(17)-cys-x(2)-cys dna-binding motif and a conserved carboxy-terminus. electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that the a. parasiticus area dna-binding domain fusion protein bound cooperatively to single gata elements in the a. parasiticus niad-ni ...	2000	10760588
the pause software for analysis of translational control over protein targeting: application to e. nidulans membrane proteins.	the pause software has been developed as a new tool to study translational control over protein targeting. this makes it possible to correlate the position of clusters of rare codons in a gene, predicted to cause a translational pause, with the position of hydrophobic stretches in the encoded protein, predicted to span a membrane or to act as a cleavable signal for targeting to the secretory pathway. furthermore, this software gathers these correlations over whole sets of genes. the pause softwa ...	2000	10689191
an unambiguous microassay of galactofuranose residues in glycoconjugates using mild methanolysis and high ph anion-exchange chromatography.	an original, unambiguous microassay of galactofuranose (galf) residues in glycoconjugates is described. the method involves mild acid methanolysis (5 mm hcl) for 3 h at 84 degrees c followed by high ph anion-exchange chromatography using a routine monosaccharide system. the methanolysis products mealpha-galf and mebeta-galf were characterized chromatographically by comparison with the authentic compounds and by their response to treatment with mild acid and with beta-galactofuranosidase. testing ...	2000	10706782
deletion of the unique gene encoding a typical histone h1 has no apparent phenotype in aspergillus nidulans.	we have cloned the h1 histone gene (hhoa) of aspergillus nidulans. this single-copy gene codes for a typical linker histone with one central globular domain. the open reading frame is interrupted by six introns. the position of the first intron is identical to that of introns found in some plant histones. an h1-gfp fusion shows exclusive nuclear localization, whereas chromosomal localization can be observed during condensation at mitosis. surprisingly, the deletion of hhoa results in no obvious ...	2000	10632892
nmr solution structure of alcr (1-60) provides insight in the unusual dna binding properties of this zinc binuclear cluster protein.	the three-dimensional structure of the dna-binding domain (residues 1-60) of the ethanol regulon transcription factor alcr from aspergillus nidulans has been solved by nmr. this domain belongs to the zinc binuclear cluster class. although the core of the protein is similar to previously characterized structures, consisting of two helices organized around a zn(2)cys(6 )motif, the present structure presents important variations, among them the presence of two supplementary helices. this structure ...	2000	10656785
metabolite repression and inducer exclusion in the proline utilization gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans.	the clustered prnb, prnc, and prnd genes are repressed by the simultaneous presence of glucose and ammonium. a derepressed mutation inactivating a crea-binding site acts in cis only on the permease gene (prnb) while derepression of prnd and prnc is largely the result of reversal of inducer exclusion.	2000	10613888
a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a cell-free extract with ccaat-binding activity from filamentous fungi.	a simple and rapid method for the preparation of a cell-free extract with the ccaat-binding activity was established with aspergillus nidulans as a model fungus. proteins were extracted with 6 m guanidine hydrochloride directly from mycelia and renatured by dialysis. this method was found applicable to other filamentous fungi such as aspergillus oryzae and trichoderma viride.	2000	10737212
the aspergillus nidulans uvsb gene encodes an atm-related kinase required for multiple facets of the dna damage response.	in aspergillus nidulans, uvsb and uvsd belong to the same epistasis group of dna repair mutants. recent observations suggest that these genes are likely to control cell cycle checkpoint responses to dna damage and incomplete replication. consistent with this notion, we show here that uvsb is a member of the conserved family of atm-related kinases. phenotypic characterization of uvsb mutants shows that they possess defects in additional aspects of the dna damage response besides checkpoint contro ...	2000	10747054
localization of wild type and mutant class i myosin proteins in aspergillus nidulans using gfp-fusion proteins.	we have examined the distribution of myoa, the class i myosin protein of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, as a gfp fusion protein. wild type gfp-myoa expressed from the myoa promoter is able to rescue a conditional myoa null mutant. growth of a strain expressing gfp-myoa as the only class i myosin was approximately 50% that of a control strain, demonstrating that the fusion protein retains substantial myosin function. the distribution of the wild type gfp-myoa fusion is enriched in g ...	2000	10658211