Publications

effect of alfalfa meal in diets of laying quails on performance, egg quality and some serum parameters.	this study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of alfalfa meal in the diet of laying quails on egg production, feed consumption, feed efficiency, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and selected serum parameters. in this study, 192, 10-week old quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were evenly distributed to four groups with four replicates of 12 quails each. the control group was fed a basal diet containing 0% alfalfa meal and the remaining groups received 3, 6 or 9% alfal ...	2004	15264674
composition of luminal fluid secreted by the seminiferous tubules and after reabsorption by the extratesticular ducts of the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	the present report examines the composition of luminal fluid in the seminiferous tubule (stf), rete testis (rtf), and ductus epididymidis of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). this subject is of particular interest, both because the reproductive ducts are intra-abdominal and because sperm production is more rapid in birds than in mammals. it was interpreted that micropuncture samples of stf contain varying amounts of contamination with intracellular solute, particularly k and prote ...	2004	15215190
ascorbic acid and melatonin reduce heat-induced performance inhibition and oxidative stress in japanese quails.	1. the effects of ascorbic acid (l-ascorbic acid) and melatonin supplementation on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (mda) as lipid peroxidation indicator, ascorbic acid, retinol, tocopherol and mineral status in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature were evaluated. 2. two hundred and forty japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds each. the birds were kept i ...	2004	15115209
immunocytochemical localization of aromatase in sensory and integrating nuclei of the hindbrain in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the distribution of the estrogen synthesizing enzyme (aromatase) in the hindbrain (rhombencephalon and mesencephalon) of male adult quail was investigated by immunocytochemistry. aromatase-immunoreactive neuronal structures (perikarya and fibers bearing punctate structures) were observed in sensory (trigeminal, solitary tract, vestibular, optic tectum) and integrating (parabrachial, periaqueductal, cerulean, raphe) nuclei. besides the expression of aromatase in these well-delineated nuclei, dens ...	2004	15101089
visual discrimination of normal and drug induced behavior in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the ability to discriminate the physical states of others could be an adaptive behavior, especially for social animals. for example, the ability to discriminate illness behavior would be helpful for avoiding spoiled foods. we report on an experiment with japanese quails testing whether these birds can discriminate the physical states of conspecifics. the quails were trained to discriminate between moving video images of quails injected with psychoactive drugs and those in a normal (not injected) ...	2004	15069613
the effect of genistein supplementation on performance and antioxidant status of japanese quail under heat stress.	genistein, a phytoestrogen found in soybeans, is a powerful antioxidant. we evaluated the effects of genistein supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, levels of malondialdehyde (mda), homocysteine, vitamins c, e, a in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature of 34 degrees c. two hundred and forty japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to eight treatment groups consisting of 10 replicates of three birds. the birds were kept in an ...	2004	15732579
the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in a pavlovian sexual approach paradigm in male japanese quail.	two groups of male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were trained [corrected] to discriminate cocaine from saline in a conditioned approach procedure maintained by sexual reinforcement. for 1 group, cocaine (10 mg/kg ip) was administered prior to a conditioned stimulus (cs) that predicted copulation; saline followed by a cs predicted no copulation. a second group underwent the opposite training regimen. results revealed apparent between-group differences in the rates of acquisition of the discr ...	2004	15571440
electrophysiological and neurochemical characterization of neurons of the medial preoptic area in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	intracellular recordings of medial preoptic neurons demonstrated that most neurons show a spontaneous firing, a linear i-v relationship and low-threshold-like events suppressed by the application of ni2+. some neurons had a depolarizing sag of the membrane potential in response to hyperpolarizing current pulses. the majority of the cells exhibited a robust spontaneous synaptic activity suppressed by sr95531 (100 microm), a gabaa receptor antagonist, and/or by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ...	2004	15542078
isolation and characterization of four vip-related peptides from red-bellied newt, cynops pyrrhogaster.	four novel bioactive peptides were isolated from the red-bellied newt, cynops pyrrhogaster, using a bioassay system monitoring the rectum contraction of the japanese quail, coturnix japonica. as these peptides are structurally related to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), we termed these peptides newt vip-related peptides 1, 2, 3, and 4 (nvrp-1, -2, -3, and -4). the primary sequences of these peptides were determined to be hsdavftdnysrllgktalknyldgalkke (nvrp-1), hsdavftdnysrllaktalknyldga ...	2004	15518909
possible involvement of a sperm-associated body in the process of fertilization in quail.	the present paper describes a novel structure, termed the sperm-associated body, which is found both in the lumen at the oviductal infundibulum and in the vitelline membrane of the ovum in the quail coturnix japonica. the fully developed sperm-associated body, which is about 100 microm long, consisted of two parts; a core of concentric-circular appearance and a cortex of needle-like projections. the outer surface of the body was coated with caco3. the body was always accompanied by spermatozoa. ...	2004	15333998
effect of lead and chromium on reproductive success of japanese quail.	an experimental model based on application of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) lines with high (h) and low (l) concentrations of plasma lactate was designed in order to investigate the effects of lead and chromium on embryonic development and reproductive success of experimental groups representing different genotypes. during the first stage of the trial, mature males from quail lines h and l (marked as generation t) were fed subchronically for 12 weeks with lead as pb(no(3))(2) and c ...	2004	15269915
influence of dietary culture material containing aflatoxin and t(2) toxin on certain serum biochemical constituents in japanese quail.	forty newly hatched unsexed japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing 3 ppm aflatoxin (af) and 4 ppm t(2) toxin either singly and in combination for 35 days. sera samples were collected from six birds in each group at the end of the trial to study the effect of certain serum biochemical parameters. highly significant (p < 0.01) differences were observed for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase (ast), alanine trans ...	2004	15702271
effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on egg production, serum metabolites, and egg yolk mineral and cholesterol concentrations in heat-distressed laying quails.	chromium picolinate is used in the poultry diet because of its antistress effects in addition to the fact that the requirement for it is increased during stress. this study was conducted to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees c) on egg production, egg quality, antioxidant status, and cholesterol and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by combination of chromium picolinate and biotin (0.6/2.0; diachrome, as formulated by nutrition 21 inc.), in lay ...	2004	15557680
effects of 2 g hypergravity exposure on bobwhite (colinus virginianus) and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we compared reproductive fitness and early postnatal growth of bobwhite (colinus virginianus) and japanese (coturnix coturnix japonica) quail incubated and hatched during 2 g centrifugation. fertilized bobwhite and japanese quail eggs were placed in portable incubators on the 8-ft international space station test bed (isstb) centrifuge at nasa ames research center. the quail eggs were incubated throughout hatching and reared until postnatal day (p)4 at either 1.0, 1.2 or 2.0 g. two days before h ...	2004	16240529
culture system for embryos of blue-breasted quail from the blastoderm stage to hatching.	the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis), the smallest species in the order galliforms, is a candidate model animal for avian developmental engineering because it is precocious and prolific. this species requires 17 days to hatch and 8 to 9 weeks to mature to an adult body weight of about 50 g, whereas the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) requires 16 days to hatch and 6 to 8 weeks to mature to an adult body weight of 100 to 150 g. the early embryo is the most challenging embryonic stage in ...	2005	15725676
no sex difference in yolk steroid concentrations of avian eggs at laying.	yolk steroids of maternal origin have been proposed to influence genetic sex determination in birds, based on sex differences in yolk steroid concentrations of peafowl eggs incubated for 10 days. more recent reports dispute this proposal, as yolk steroids in eggs incubated for 3 days do not show such sex differences. to date, research examining this phenomenon has only analysed incubated eggs, although sex in avian species is determined before incubation begins. this may be a serious methodologi ...	2005	17148197
effects of ethanol on brain and pancreas weights, serum sodium and potassium, and haematological parameters in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	poultry farmers in pakistan use ethanol for treatment of respiratory diseases and as a growth promotant, but the effects on health and production of broilers are unknown. the effects of ethanol were investigated in quail at different doses through drinking water. one hundred and twenty japanese quail of 39 days of age were purchased from a local market. they were divided randomly into five groups of 24 (groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and offered ethanol at dose rates 2%, 4%, 8% and 16%, respectively, ...	2005	16191688
influence of 5-ht1a agonist on the feeding behavior of coturnix japonica (galliformes: aves).	in this study, we investigate the effect of serotonin receptor 5-ht1a stimulation on the feeding behavior of quails (coturnix japonica). the administration of 5-ht1a agonist, 8-oh-dpat (0.05 to 5.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited the food intake in normally fed quails. greater inhibition was attained with 5.0 mg/kg (0.93 +/- 0.21 g vs. 5.83 +/- 0.25 g, p < 0.05, 2 h after food offer). a comparable response was obtained from previously fasted quails. at end of 2 h, a higher dose of 8-oh-dpat in ...	2005	16532192
eggs of a female japanese quail are more likely to be fertilized by a male that she prefers.	male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) that conspecific females preferred in a 10-min, forced-choice test of affiliative preference were more likely than were males not preferred in such a test to fertilize females' eggs when subsequently mated with them, although preferred and nonpreferred males mated equally often with females. further, the probability that a nonpreferred male would fertilize a female's eggs was significantly increased if she watched while he courted and mated with another fe ...	2005	16131254
avoidance of relatively aggressive male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) by sexually experienced conspecific females.	sexually experienced female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) that are offered a choice between 2 conspecific males previously observed engaging in an aggressive encounter prefer to affiliate with the less aggressive male. the authors determined whether this apparent preference for less aggressive males results from females approaching less aggressive individuals or avoiding more aggressive individuals. the authors found that females that had seen 2 males fight before choosing, in counterbalanc ...	2005	15740424
inter-individual variability during morning choruses in japanese quail males (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we compared the organization of dawn choruses in five groups of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica, males (four groups of kin-related males and one group of unrelated males). we documented the structure of chorus groups: one male sang much more than the others during the dawn peak in four of the five groups, and this regardless of the number of males in the group. the dominant singers were then removed from two similar-sized groups, one of kin-related (k3) and the other of unrelated (nk) ...	2005	15714884
cloning of a quail homologue of hatching enzyme: its conserved function and additional function in egg envelope digestion.	the aim of the present study was to reveal molecular entities participating in the digestion of the egg envelope in the japanese quail, coturnix japonica. we isolated a 1,510-bp cdna from extraembryonic tissues of developing embryos and designated it quail hatching enzyme (qhe) cdna. the qhe cdna was found to code a protein molecule comprising an astacin protease domain in the n-terminal half and a complement subcomponents c1r/c1s, uegf, bmp1 (cub) domain in the c-terminal half. a phylogenetic a ...	2005	16003522
female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) mated with males that harassed them are unlikely to lay fertilized eggs.	results of previous studies of courtship and mating in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) suggest that females avoid conspecific males because, while courting and mating, males engage in behaviors that are potentially injurious to females. however, prior experiments provided no direct evidence that females avoided harassing males. here the authors show that a female quail choosing between a previous sex partner and an unfamiliar male avoids the former if he engaged in relatively many potentially ...	2005	16366777
avian immunosenescence.	immunosenescence, the aging of the immune system, is well studied in humans. mammalian immune systems become less capable of fighting pathogens and individuals become more susceptible to infection and cancer in their elder years. little is currently published on avian immunosenescence even though avian immune function has been well characterized and birds have been critical models in the study of immunology. the value of birds in the study of aging has been well established. evidence demonstrate ...	2005	23598661
effects of methyltestosterone on reproduction in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	although the hormone-mediated effects of the synthetic androgenic hormone methyltestosterone (mt) are well characterized in mammals, little is known about endocrine and other toxic effects on reproduction in birds. in a one-generation study, mt was administered to adult japanese quail (12 pairs per group) at dietary dose levels of 0, 10, 50, and 110 ppm for a period of 3 weeks. reproductive performance was severely affected in the groups receiving 50 and 110 ppm mt. in females, the egg-laying ra ...	2005	16307974
effects of dietary combination of chromium and biotin on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and oxidative stress markers in heat-distressed japanese quail.	environmental stress causes adverse effects in performance and antioxidant status of poultry. dietary chromium supplementation promotes the growth rate and feed efficiency of growing poultry and these beneficial effects of chromium appear to be greater under stress. biotin, a member of the vitamin b complex, is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. in a previous experiment, we examined the effects of chromium picolinate (crpic) as a chromium source in birds subjected t ...	2005	16116248
evidence indicating participation of the serotonergic system in controlling feeding behavior in coturnix japonica (galliformes: aves).	we investigated participation of the brain serotonergic system in food intake control by using oral and systemic administration of serotonin precursors in quails (coturnix japonica). dietary supplemental tryptophan (0.1-50.0 g/kg) provoked a dose-dependent inhibition of food intake during a 5-h observation period, which persisted up to 24 h for doses of 30.0 and 50.0 g/kg. normally fed and fasted animals treated with hydroxytryptophan (12.5-50.0 mg/kg) by the intracoelomic route showed an acute ...	2005	16097739
production of quail (coturnix japonica) germline chimeras by transfer of gonadal primordial germ cells into recipient embryos.	the possibility of producing quail germline chimeras by the transfer of gonadal primordial germ cells (gpgcs) into recipient embryos was investigated. japanese quail of the black (d: homozygous for the autosomal incomplete dominant gene d) and wild-type plumage (wp: d+/d+) strains were used as donors and recipients, respectively. gonadal cells were retrieved from the gonads of 5-day-old d embryos, and gpgcs were enriched by magnetism-activated cell sorting. fresh (noncultured) gpgcs or those iso ...	2005	15629796
a genome scan with aflp markers to detect fearfulness-related qtls in japanese quail.	a quantitative trait loci (qtl) study was undertaken to identify genome regions involved in the control of fearfulness in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). an f2 cross was made between two quail lines divergently selected over 29 generations on duration of tonic immobility (dti), a catatonic-like state of reduced responsiveness to a stressful stimulation. a total of 1065 animals were measured for the logarithm of dti (logti), the number of inductions (ni) necessary to induce the immobility rea ...	2005	16167983
pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).		2005	16050821
vitellogenin detection and chick pathology are useful endpoints to evaluate endocrine-disrupting effects in avian one-generation reproduction study.	to investigate additional endpoints for screening of endocrine disruptors in birds, effects of 17beta-estradiol (e2) on one-generation reproduction in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were assessed. pairs of the 10-week-old japanese quail were fed a low-phytoestrogen diet containing e2 at 0 (control), 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm for six weeks. in the e2 100- and 1,000-ppm groups, the parental quail represented marked toxic changes including high mortality, decreased food consumption, decreased ...	2005	16050582
pathological effects of formalin (37% formaldehyde) feeding in female japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the aim of this study was to determine the pathological effects of formalin on female quails. seventy-five 1-day-old female japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonina) were divided into five equal groups (a-e) and fed formalin daily at dose levels of 20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 0 ml/ kg feed, respectively. all birds were slaughtered at the end of the experiment -- the eighth week. no clinical signs were observed in quails fed 2.5 ml formalin/kg feed. depression, dullness and anorexia were prominent in q ...	2005	16138733
idiopathic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal tubular epithelia of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we report idiopathic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the renal tubular epithelia of two cases of among the 960 japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) in the course of the acute oral toxicity and dietary toxicity test. basophilic inclusion bodies were seen only in the nuclei of renal tubular epithelia. we could not classify our case into any adenovirus infection by clinical signs and lesions. the inclusion bodies were only identified as adenovirus-like particles based upon the electronmicro ...	2005	15785127
reassessment of ecotoxicities of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane in japanese quail under the oecd draft new avian one-generation reproduction test guideline.	ecotoxicological hazards of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-ddt) were investigated by a one-generation reproduction study using japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) under an organization for economic co-operation and development (oecd) draft new test guideline 206 following acute and subchronic toxicity studies. in the subchronic feeding toxicity study, tremors, convulsions, and deaths were observed with a clear sex difference, males being more susceptible than females ...	2005	15748794
effects of dietary administration of cl-20 on japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, or cl-20, is an emerging highly energetic compound currently under consideration for military applications. with the anticipated wide use of cl-20, there is the potential for soil and groundwater contamination resulting in adverse toxicologic effects on environmental receptors. presently, there is a lack of data describing the toxic effects of cl-20 on avian species. the present study describes the effect of cl-20 on japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) modi ...	2005	16001151
magnesium proteinate is more protective than magnesium oxide in heat-stressed quail.	we evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with mg-oxide and mg-proteinate on performance; nutrient digestibilities; malondialdehyde (mda) concentrations in serum, liver, and thigh meat; and serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature. the birds (n = 360; 10 d old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (temper ...	2005	15987857
supplementation of zinc from organic or inorganic source improves performance and antioxidant status of heat-distressed quail.	two sources of zinc [znso4.h2o or znpicolinate (znpic)] supplementation were evaluated for their effects on performance, carcass weight, levels of malondialdehyde, and vitamins c, e, a in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature of 34 degrees c. the birds (n = 360; 10-d-old) were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 birds each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, zinc sources, zinc levels). b ...	2005	15971524
enhanced yolk testosterone influences behavioral phenotype independent of sex in japanese quail chicks coturnix japonica.	studies have demonstrated an effect of yolk testosterone levels on the physiology and behavior of nestling birds. in order to investigate this phenomenon experimentally in a precocial bird, we enhanced yolk testosterone, but within the physiological range, by injecting 50 ng testosterone in ethanol into japanese quail coturnix japonica eggs prior to incubation. the chicks hatching from these as well as from control eggs that had received the carrier-only or were left unmanipulated were subject t ...	2005	15664022
influence of serotonergic transmission and postsynaptic 5-ht2c action on the feeding behavior of coturnix japonica (galliformes: aves).	we investigated the role of 5-ht2c receptors and serotonergic transmission in the feeding behavior control of quails. administration of serotonin releaser, fenfluramine (fen) and 5-ht2c agonists, mcpp and mk212, 1.0 and 3.3 mg/kg induced significant inhibition of food intake in previously fasted fowls (0.71 +/- 0.18 g and 0.47 +/- 0.2 g; 0.49 +/- 0.22 g and 0.48 +/- 0.29 g; 0.82 +/- 0.13 g and 0.71 +/- 0.16 g, respectively). control groups ranged from 2.89 +/- 0.21 g to 2.97 +/- 0.22 g, 60 min a ...	2005	16532182
ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of medullary bone calcification, with special reference to sulphated glycosaminoglycans.	histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron energy-loss spectroscopic studies were performed to examine the relationship between sulphated glycosaminoglycans and medullary bone calcification using oestrogen-injected male japanese quail. sulphated glycosaminoglycans, detected by high iron diamine (hid) or hid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver protein (hid-tch-sp) methods, were distributed throughout the matrix of medullary bone, some periphery and extending tips of the trabeculae stained weakly, and ...	2005	15695482
toxicity of cadmium in japanese quail: evaluation of body weight, hepatic and renal function, and cellular immune response.	cadmium (cd) is an environmental pollutant that is able to alter the immune function. previous studies have shown that, in mammals, chronic exposure to cd decreases the release of macrophagic cytokines such as il1 and tn alpha and decreases phagocytosis activity. on the other hand contradictory results showed an increase in the humoral response. the cellular response could be decreased by exposure to cd. these alterations were observed in mammals. the present study aimed to investigate some of t ...	2005	16125694
[study on genetic diversity of wild quail in china with microsatellite dna markers].	genetic diversity of domestic quail and two wild quail species distributed in china, wild japanese quail and wild common quail,was studied by using microsatellite dna markers. according to the comparison of corresponding genetic index in the three quail populations, such as polymorphism information content (pic), mean heterozygosity (h) and fixation index etc, wild common quail possessed rich genetic diversity of 4.67 alleles per locus. its value of pic and h were the highest, 0.5732 and 0.6621, ...	2005	16231733
directional selection for growth at two ambient temperatures in coturnix coturnix japonica.	four lines of quail; random-selected, male-selected, female-selected and male- and female-selected lines, were subjected to 37 plus or minus 1-6 degrees c from 3 to 5 weeks of age while another four lines, similarly selected, were reared at room temperature (15 to 27 degrees c). selection for increased growth was practised for two generations using ten females and five males as parents in each line. a significant interaction between time and temperature was observed in the third generation proge ...	2005	1111852
effects of different rates of inbreeding on the body weight and rate of gain of japanese quail.	1. the effect of regular full-sib and double first cousin mating on body weight and rate of gain over six generations of japanese quail was determined. 2. the depression of characters was more pronounced in the full-sib than in the double first cousin mating system, the relative depression due to parental inbreeding and offspring inbreeding depending on the magnitude of parental effect and individual's own genotypic effect on the character. 3. the body weight and rate of gain taken at an early a ...	2005	1276969
tanycyte absorption affected by the hypothalamic deafferentation in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica the tanycytes of the median eminence absorbed peroxidase injected into the third ventricle. the number of tanycytes showing peroxidase reaction was greater in the posterior median eminence than in the anterior median eminence. following hypothalamic deafferentation, the tanycyte absorption was augmented both in the posterior and anterior median eminence. these findings suggest that axons of some neurons, which have inhibitory action on the tanycyte a ...	2005	1201586
effect of alliums on total lipid in plasma and tissues of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) with respect to age and sex.	dietary onion and garlic caused an increase in the level of liver and plasma total lipids in coturnix coturnix japonica. this increase could be due to the effect of an increased feed intake, bile production, digestion and absorption that in turn caused an increased utilisation of dietary fat, increased transfer of dietary lipids to the liver and/or due to increased lipogenesis as such. however, there was no increase in the muscle lipid content. this effect in the muscle could be due to inhibitor ...	2005	15782822
microsatellite mapping of qtl affecting growth, feed consumption, egg production, tonic immobility and body temperature of japanese quail.	the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is both an animal model in biology and a commercial bird for egg and meat production. modern research developments with this bird, however, have been slowed down by the limited information that is available on the genetics of the japanese quail. recently, quail genetic maps with microsatellites and aflp have been produced which open the way to comparative works with the chicken (gallus gallus), and to qtl detection for a variety of traits. the purpose of th ...	2005	15941487
effect of enzyme supplementation on the metabolisable energy content of solvent-extracted rapeseed and sunflower seed meals for chicken, guinea fowl and quail.	(1) the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (ame(n)) content of solvent-extracted rapeseed and sunflower seed (un-decorticated) meals in relation to species (chicken, guinea fowl and quail) and dietary addition of feed enzymes (0 or 0.5 g/kg diet) was evaluated by a diet replacement method in a 3 x 2 factorial design. (2) the metabolism trial was conducted at two substitution levels (200 and 400 g/kg diet) of each meal with or without supplementation of commercial enzyme preparation ...	2005	15835255
duck (anas platyrhynchos), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and other avian interleukin-2 reveals significant conservation of gene organization, promoter elements and functional residues.	we compared the gene, promoter and cdna sequences, and the predicted protein structure of duck and quail interleukin-2 (il-2), a major immunomodulatory cytokine, with the known sequences of other avian and human il-2. analysis of the gene organization showed significant similarity with the overall organization of mammalian il-2 genes, with four exons and three introns and a very short 5' untranslated regions. the second intron was the biggest in all the il-2 sequences. the third intron was of si ...	2005	16313299
construction of a genetic linkage map of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) based on aflp and microsatellite markers.	the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is a notably valuable egg and meat producer but has also been used as a laboratory animal. in the present study, we constructed a japanese quail linkage map with 1735 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers, and nine chicken microsatellite (ms) markers, as well as sex and phenotypes of two genetic diseases; a muscular disorder (lwc) and neurofilament-deficient mutant (quv). linkage analysis revealed 578 independent loci. the resulting li ...	2005	15932402
investigation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) as a pharmacokinetic model for cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) and poicephalus parrots via comparison of the pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous injection of oxytetracycline hydrochloride.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether japanese quail (coturnix japonica) would serve as a pharmacokinetic animal model for two small companion parrots: cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) and poicephalus parrots. oxytetracycline (otc) was the pharmacologic agent chosen for this study as it is eliminated primarily by renal glomerular filtration and undergoes minimal metabolism. a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline hydrochloride was administered to the three study ...	2005	16343282
rapid decreases in preoptic aromatase activity and brain monoamine concentrations after engaging in male sexual behavior.	in japanese quail, as in rats, the expression of male sexual behavior over relatively long time periods (days to weeks) is dependent on the local production of estradiol in the preoptic area via the aromatization of testosterone. on a short-term basis (minutes to hours), central actions of dopamine as well as locally produced estrogens modulate behavioral expression. in rats, a view of and sexual interaction with a female increase dopamine release in the preoptic area. in quail, in vitro brain a ...	2005	15932925
inhibition of steroid receptor coactivator-1 blocks estrogen and androgen action on male sex behavior and associated brain plasticity.	studies of eukaryotic gene expression demonstrate the importance of nuclear steroid receptor coactivators in mediating efficient gene transcription. however, little is known about the physiological role of these coactivators in vivo. in japanese quail, the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (src-1) is broadly expressed in steroid-sensitive brain areas that control the expression of male copulatory behavior, and we investigated the role of this coactivator by antisense technology. daily intracerebrov ...	2005	15673671
somatostatin immunoreactivity in quail pterygopalatine ganglion.	in the ciliary ganglion of the chicken and quail, somatostatin (som) is an exclusive marker for parasympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the choroid. a second parasympathetic pathway projecting to the choroid originates from the pterygopalatine ganglion. the aim of this study was to investigate som immunoreactivity in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and on neurons within the choroid, the intrinsic choroidal neurons (icn). we did so using ...	2005	15733297
attempts to identify the source of avian vacuolar myelinopathy for waterbirds.	attempts were made to reproduce avian vacuolar myelinopathy (avm) in a number of test animals in order to determine the source of the causative agent for birds and to find a suitable animal model for future studies. submerged vegetation, plankton, invertebrates, forage fish, and sediments were collected from three lakes with ongoing outbreaks of avm and fed to american coots (fulica americana), mallard ducks and ducklings (anas platyrhynchos), quail (coturnix japonica), and laboratory mice eithe ...	2005	15827222
effects of calorie restriction on reproductive and adrenal systems in japanese quail: are responses similar to mammals, particularly primates?	the benefits of calorie restriction (cr) have been established across a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species. although the effects of cr on lifespan in birds have not been examined, it is clear that cr has beneficial effects on reproductive, metabolic, and physiological function in adult poultry. we examined the effects of cr in japanese quail, a rapidly maturing avian model, on reproductive endocrine and neuroendocrine systems. male japanese quail were pair fed at 0% ad libitum (al), ...	2005	15935442
short-term effects of carbendazim on the gross and microscopic features of the testes of japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	carbendazim, a metabolite of benomyl which is widely used as a fungicide, has been found to cause testicular and epididymal damage in laboratory rats, mice and hamsters. no studies of the effects of this chemical on the reproductive organs of birds have been reported previously. this report is that of an investigation on the response of the testis of the japanese quail to experimental administration of this chemical in sexually mature and active birds. a single dose (400 mg/kg body weight) of ca ...	2005	16034611
different effects of peripheral and central ghrelin on regulation of food intake in the japanese quail.	when rat or human ghrelin is administered to chickens or rats it stimulates the release of growth hormone, however, its effects on food intake differ between the two species. to investigate this discrepancy, we measured plasma ghrelin concentrations before and after food intake, and determined the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, icv) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, ip) injections of various ghrelin doses on food intake and body temperature in the japanese quail. in control quails, ...	2005	15748719
interspecific variation in dietary carotenoid assimilation in birds: links to phylogeny and color ornamentation.	many birds use carotenoid pigments to acquire rich red, orange, and yellow coloration in feathers and bare parts that is used as a signal of mate quality. because carotenoids are derived from foods, much attention has been paid to the role of diet in generating color variation both within and among avian species. less consideration has been given to physiological underpinnings of color variability, especially among species. here, i surveyed published literature (e.g. captive feeding studies) on ...	2005	16129640
asymmetrical hatching behaviors: the development of postnatal motor laterality in three precocial bird species.	the effects of asymmetrical hatching behaviors on the development of turning bias and footedness in domestic chicks, bobwhite quail, and japanese quail chicks were examined. control tests with incubator reared domestic chicks and bobwhite quail revealed significant individual and population left-side turning bias and right footedness. when late stage hatching behaviors were disrupted, population laterality was not evident and individual laterality was reduced. by contrast, japanese quail chicks ...	2005	16136548
mapping of plumage colour and blood protein loci on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail.	the objective of this work was to map classical markers (plumage colours and blood proteins) on the microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the segregation data on two plumage colours and three blood proteins were obtained from 25 three-generation families (193 f2 birds). linkage analysis was carried out for these five classical markers and 80 microsatellite markers. a total of 15 linkage groups that included the five classical loci and 69 of the 80 microsatellite m ...	2005	16167982
evaluation of abundance of aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere of transgenic and non-transgenic alfalfa lines.	fourteen genetically modified lines of alfalfa (medicago sativa) containing the gene ov from japanese quail, coding for a methionine-rich protein ovalbumin, were evaluated for nodulation ability and concentration of aerobic bacteria in the rhizosphere. the transgenic lines were derived from a highly regenerable genotype rg9/i-14-22, selected from cv. lucia. on selective media, a higher concentration of ammonifying bacteria, bacterial spores, denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria were observed in ...	2005	16681149
mothering during early development influences subsequent emotional and social behaviour in japanese quail.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of mothers on the emotional reactivity and social behaviour in young precocial japanese quail. we used a classical method of maternal deprivation. ethological tests and observations analysed and compared the behaviour of young artificially raised quail to that of young raised by adoptive maternal quail. after separation from mothers, brooded young were more fearful (frightened easily) in the presence of humans (human-observer tests) a ...	2005	16106411
mycotox and aflatoxicosis in quails.	1. this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (af) on growth performance of quail, and to determine the preventive efficacy of mycotox (oxicinol, tymol, micronised yeast). 2. one hundred and eighty 1-d-old quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were weighed and randomly divided into 4 experimental groups each with 5 replicates of 9 birds. 3. there were 4 dietary treatments: (1) control with 0 mg af/kg diet and 0% mycotox; (2) 0 mg af/kg diet and 0.5% mycotox; (3) 2.5 mg ...	2005	16268113
dopamine modulates male sexual behavior in japanese quail in part via actions on noradrenergic receptors.	in rats, dopamine (da) facilitates male sexual behavior through its combined action on d1- and d2-like receptors, in the medial preoptic area (mpoa) as well as other brain areas. in japanese quail, systemic injections of dopaminergic drugs suggested a similar pharmacology but central injections have never been performed. recent electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that da effects in the mpoa of quail are mediated mainly through the activation of alpha2-noradrenergic receptors. previous ...	2005	15936834
[experimental transmission of cryptosporidium baileyi (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) isolated of broiler chicken to japanese quail (coturnix japonica)].	in this work, oocysts of cryptosporidium baileyi were isolated and identified in broiler chickens from three different municipalities of the state of rio de janeiro, where they were isolated and identified by using the centrifuge- flotation technique associated to bright-field. staining techniques, such as: modified ziehl-neelsen and safranin-methylene blue, were carried out to confirm natural infection. oocysts of c. baileyi from broiler chickens were able to infect coccidia-free japanese quail ...	2005	16229756
vectorial secretion of perivitelline membrane glycoprotein zpc of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) in polarized madin-darby canine kidney cells.	the avian perivitelline membrane (pl), which is an investment homologous to the mammalian zona pellucida, is found between the surface of the oocyte and the apical surface of ovarian granulosa cells. our previous study demonstrated that zpc, one of the components of pl, is synthesized in ovarian granulosa cells. however, how the secretion of zpc is regulated in the cells has been insufficiently investigated. we studied the secretion of quail zpc expressed in polarized madin-darby canine kidney ( ...	2005	16260863
individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail.	three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ...	2005	16405006
infectivity of blastocystis isolates from chickens, quails and geese in chickens.	the infectivity of six blastocystis isolates obtained from two domestic chickens, two japanese quails and two domestic geese, were examined in 1-week-old male chicks. all six isolates were able to infect the chicks via the intracecal inoculation of 1x10(6) cells of cultured organisms. since the infected chicks discharged many cysts in their feces, the infectivity of the concentrated cysts in chicks was compared among three isolates from different bird species. the ck86-1 and qq93-3 isolates, whi ...	2005	15772866
androgen mediation of conditioned rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	demonstrations of increased reproductive success due to sexual conditioning in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) have been reported, although the mechanisms that underlie these effects have remained elusive. one possible mechanism is conditioned rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (rcsm). two experiments were conducted with male quail to determine whether associations between a conditioned stimulus (cs) and a hen would result in the ability of the cs to elicit rcsm, and to explore the androgen ...	2005	15740429
effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 on progress of salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail: clinical signs and hematologic studies.	to study the individual and combined effects of fumonisin b1 (fb1) toxicity and salmonella serotype gallinarum infection, japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed fusarium moniliforme culture material (2.5%), 150 mg fb1/kg ration, and were subsequently challenged orally with salmonella gallinarum organisms (2 x 10(4) colony-forming units) at 21 days of age. the chicks were fed culture material containing fb1 from day 5 till the end of the experiment. after being infected with salmone ...	2005	16094834
the chicken immediate-early gene zenk is expressed in the medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale, a brain region involved in acoustic imprinting, and is up-regulated after exposure to an auditory stimulus.	the immediate-early gene zenk (an acronym for the avian orthologue of the mammalian genes zif-268, egr-1, ngfi-a and krox-24) has been extensively employed, in studies on oscine birds, as a marker of neuronal activity to reveal forebrain structures that are involved in the memory processes associated with the acquisition, perception and production of song. audition-induced expression of this gene, in brain, has also recently been reported for the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and t ...	2005	15590145
a novel g protein-coupled receptor for gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica): identification, expression and binding activity.	we recently identified a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide inhibiting gonadotropin release in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). this novel peptide was therefore named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih). the gnih precursor encoded one gnih and two gnih-related peptides (gnih-rp-1 and gnih-rp-2) that shared the same c-terminal motif, leu-pro-xaa-arg-phe-nh(2) (xaa=leu or gln; lpxrf-amide peptides). identification of the receptor for gnih is crucial to elucidate the mode of action of gnih. ...	2005	15642802
embryonic co-exposure to methoxychlor and clophen a50 alters sexual behavior in adult male quail.	embryonic exposure to estrogens and estrogenic pollutants is known to demasculinize sexual behavior in adult male japanese quail. in the present study, we administered the insecticide methoxychlor to quail eggs at a dose of 150 microg/g egg and then studied sexual behavior and other reproductive variables in adult males. in a second experiment we administered the same dose of methoxychlor together with 10 microg/g egg of the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) mixture clophen a50 (ca50) an ...	2005	15526189
intestinal d-glucose and l-alanine transport in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix).	the mechanisms involved in d-glucose and amino acid transport in the intestine of birds are still not clear. in chickens, d-glucose and amino acid absorption occurs via carrier-mediated transport, but in wild birds a passive paracellular mechanism seems to be the predominant pathway. the purpose of this work was to determine the existence of carrier-mediated sodium cotransport of d-glucose and l-alanine in the small intestine of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix), a granivorous bird. intestinal ...	2005	15971535
subcellular responses of p53 and id2 in fast and slow skeletal muscle in response to stretch-induced overload.	tumor suppressor p53 and inhibitor of dna-binding/differentiation id2 were examined after 7 or 21 days of wing weighting in fast patagialis (pat) and slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) wing muscles of young adult and old japanese quails. the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. seven days of loading increased pat and ald muscle weight by 28 and 96%, respectively, in young birds. pat and ald muscle weight was 49 and 179% greater, respectively, than control muscles after 21 day ...	2005	16002773
impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in japanese quail.	many environmental contaminants can interact with the endocrine system, thereby potentially disrupting the reproductive fitness of individuals. in avian species, the egg-yolk is a major route for excretion of lipophilic compounds by the adult female bird and embryos are exposed to contaminants that have been deposited in the eggs. the reproductive and neuroendocrine system of japanese quail undergoes sexual differentiation during embryo development. the phenotypic sex, including sex-specific adu ...	2005	15998507
relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness and age, sexual maturity status, and sex in japanese quail selected for long or short duration of tonic immobility.	the influences of age (4 to 12 wk), sexual maturity status, and sex on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis responsiveness were investigated by measuring changes in peripheral basal levels of corticosterone (b) and responses to 10 min of physical restraint in a crush cage or injection of 1-24 adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) in 2 genotypes of japanese quail divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti). although gonad development was more advanced in ...	2005	16479950
adrenocortical responses of japanese quail to a routine weighing procedure and to tonic immobility induction.	tonic immobility (ti) is induced by brief manual restraint, and it is a commonly used test of fearfulness, particularly in poultry. however, in view of increasing ethical concerns about experimentation on living animals, there is a need to ensure that the tests used do not elicit unacceptable distress. in the united kingdom, there is some debate as to whether ti should be classified as a regulated experimental procedure that requires a home office license to experiment on living animals under th ...	2005	16463963
age-related apoptotic responses to stretch-induced hypertrophy in quail slow-tonic skeletal muscle.	in the present study, we examined the responses of apoptosis and apoptotic regulatory factors to muscle hypertrophy induced by stretch overload in quail slow-tonic muscles. the wings from one side of young and aged japanese quails were loaded by attaching a tube weight corresponding to 12% of the bird's body weight for 7 or 21 days. muscle from the contralateral side served as the intraanimal control. relative to the intraanimal contralateral control side, the muscle wet weight increased by 96% ...	2005	15972839
chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail.	1. the effects of chromium picolinate and biotin supplementation alone and in combination on performance, carcase characteristics, malondialdehyde (mda), vitamin c, vitamin e, glucose and cholesterol levels were evaluated in japanese quail exposed to high ambient temperature. 2. two hundred and forty quails (10d old) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments at room temperature (22 degrees c; thermoneutral, tn) or ambient (34 degrees c for 8 h/d; heat stress, hs). both tn and hs were fed ei ...	2005	16268103
laser pressure catapulting followed by b actin gene identification in japanese quail macrochromosomes and microchromosomes using teflon-coated coverslip slides.	laser microdissection of individual mammalian chromosomes (> 2 microm) has been achieved though the use of a microscope slide coated with a polyethylene naphthalate (pen) membrane. although these slides have proved sufficient for larger chromosomes, they are insufficient for small chromosomes (< 1 microm). we have developed a new type of slide which allows laser microdissection of single japanese quail microchromosomes (0.5 microm) and macrochromosomes (3-4 microm). to test the usefulness of the ...	2005	15958014
aging influences cellular and molecular responses of apoptosis to skeletal muscle unloading.	the influence of aging on skeletal myocyte apoptosis is not well understood. in this study we examined apoptosis and apoptotic regulatory factor responses to muscle atrophy induced via limb unloading following loading-induced hypertrophy. muscle hypertrophy was induced by attaching a weight to one wing of young and aged japanese quails for 14 days. removing the weight for 7 or 14 days after the initial 14 days of loading induced muscle atrophy. the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal c ...	2005	15483226
dietary modulation of lens zeaxanthin in quail.	although higher dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin has been associated with reduced risk for cataracts, the impact of dietary supplements on lens lutein (l) or zeaxanthin (z) has not been examined. if higher lens carotenoids do reduce risk for cataract, it would be essential to know whether dietary carotenoids can elevate carotenoids in the adult vertebrate lens. in this study, a covey of japanese quail were hatched and raised 6 months on carotenoid-deficient diet, then switched to deficient di ...	2005	15913607
incorporation of competitive effects in forest tree or animal breeding programs.	competition among domesticated plants or animals can have a dramatic negative impact on yield of a stand or farm. the usual quantitative genetic model ignores these competitive interactions and could result in seriously incorrect breeding decisions and acerbate animal well-being. a general solution to this problem is given, for either forest tree breeding or penned animals, with mixed-model methodology (blup) utilized to separate effects on the phenotype due to the individuals' own genes (direct ...	2005	15911590
atrazine and the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in sexually maturing precocial birds: studies in male japanese quail.	the herbicide atrazine is a putative endocrine disruptor. the present studies investigated the effects of atrazine in male japanese quail during sexual maturation. atrazine was administered for two weeks in the diet or systemically to birds under long photoperiods. atrazine had no effect on mortality but depressed both feed intake and growth (average daily gain [adg] in g/day) at dietary concentrations of 1000 ppm. atrazine in the diet at 10 ppm, but at no other concentrations, increased testes ...	2005	15829615
organizational effects of diethylstilbestrol on brain vasotocin and sexual behavior in male quail.	in japanese quail, we previously described a sexual dimorphism of the parvocellular vasotocin system of the limbic region that, as the reproductive behavior, is steroid-sensitive and is organized during embryonic life by the exposure to estradiol. we verified in this study whether diethylstilbestrol, a chemical xenoestrogen, has analogous organizational effects on the vasotocin system of limbic regions and on copulatory behavior of male japanese quail. we injected in the yolk sac of 3 day-old qu ...	2005	15811585
effects of endocrine modulators on sexual differentiation and reproductive function in male japanese quail.	a number of environmental contaminants have been shown to interfere with the endocrine system. many of these compounds bind to estrogen receptors, thereby potentially disrupting estrogen-regulated functions. in this paper, we review some background data on avian sexual differentiation and present some of the results from our studies on effects of estrogenic chemicals administered during sexual differentiation in the japanese quail. initially, our goal was to elucidate whether a decreased male se ...	2005	15811583
fluctuating asymmetry and growth as biomarkers for exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals in japanese quail.	the effects of embryonic exposure to androgen disrupting chemicals (adcs) on growth and fluctuating asymmetry (fa) were determined in japanese quail chicks. embryos were exposed to an anti-androgenic chemical, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-dde) at 20 or 40 microg, or to an androgenic chemical, trenbolone acetate, at 5 or 50 microg on day one of incubation. growth was measured by body weight and tarsus and culmen lengths from day of hatch until day 29. fa was measured as dif ...	2005	16215698
use of l-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets.	this experiment was carried out to determine the effects of using l-carnitine and humate alone or in combination in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. a total of 280 japanese quails aged 10 weeks, divided into one control group and three treatment groups, were used. the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups were supplemented with 100 mg l-carnitine/kg, 1.5 g humate (farmagülatör dry plus)/kg and 100 mg l-camitine + 1.5 g humate/kg, respectively. t ...	2005	16156131
effects of estrogen (17 beta-estradiol) and p-nonylphenol on the development of immune organs in male japanese quail.	the aim of this study was to determine the effects of estrogen and endocrine disrupters on the immune organs of japanese quail. we used p-nonylphenol (np) as a model endocrine disrupter. birds were injected with 17 beta-estradiol (e2) in doses of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 ng/g body weight and np in doses of 1000, 100 and 10 ng/g body weight from 4 to 7 weeks of age. the data indicate injection of e2 during the growth phase resulted in cyst formation, increased connective tissue, disappearance of lymphoid ...	2005	15915150
early embryonic administration of xenoestrogens alters vasotocin system and male sexual behavior of the japanese quail.	the copulatory behavior and the parvocellular vasotocin (vt) system of the nucleus of the stria terminalis (bst) are sexually dimorphic in the japanese quail. embryonic administration of estradiol benzoate (eb) induces an organizational effect determining the disappearance of such a dimorphism (male shows behavior and cerebral phenotype of the female). the vt parvocellular system can therefore be considered an accurate marker of the sexual differentiation of brain circuits and a very sensitive i ...	2005	15950431
daily and photoperiod variations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness in japanese quail selected for short or long tonic immobility.	the aims of this study were to investigate the existence of a circadian rhythm of basal corticosterone (b) plasma concentrations in male and female japanese quail lines divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) and the possible effects of photoperiod length on corticotropic axis reactivity. significant peaks in b levels were observed throughout the day in 3 out of the 4 groups used in our experiments. however, b levels remained very low for all groups ( ...	2005	16479951
assessing the consequences of the pesticide methoxychlor: neuroendocrine and behavioral measures as indicators of biological impact of an estrogenic environmental chemical.	japanese quail provide an advantageous avian model for assessing long-term biological consequences of endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs). these studies examined route of exposure and vulnerability to biological impact of edcs over the life cycle in a precocial avian model, the japanese quail. embryonic exposure occurs with maternal deposition and methoxychlor (mxc) accumulated with maternal exposure. egg injections of mxc or estradiol at selected stages of development impacted hypothalamic ne ...	2005	15811582
effects of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and tissue chromium levels of japanese quails.	this study was conducted to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance, carcass traits, blood chemistry, and tissue distribution of chromium (cr3+) in quails. two hundred forty 1-d-old japanese quails were divided into five groups with four replicates and were fed a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, 80, or 100 mg/kg cr (crcl3.6h2o) until 38 d of age. chromium supplementation decreased carcass fat percentage, serum low-density ...	2005	15772442
two new plumage mutations in the japanese quail: "curly" feather and "rusty" plumage.	the genetics of plumage of japanese quail is of interest both from a biological standpoint, for comparative studies between avian species, and from a zootechnical standpoint, for identifying commercial selection lines or crosses. there are only few plumage mutations reported in quail, and the present work describes a new color variant "rusty" and a new feather structure "curly", and their heredity from an f1 and f2 segregation experiment.	2005	15760477
the reciprocal switching of two thyroid hormone-activating and -inactivating enzyme genes is involved in the photoperiodic gonadal response of japanese quail.	the molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic time measurement are not well understood in any organism. relatively recently, however, it has become clear that thyroid hormones play an important role in photoperiodism, and in a previous study we reported that long daylengths in japanese quail increase hypothalamic levels of t(3) and of the thyroid hormone-activating enzyme, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase. the present study extends these observations to measure gene levels of the thyroid horm ...	2005	15746251
nongenomic inheritance of emotional reactivity in japanese quail.	avian scientific literature includes few reports on the influence of characteristics of mothers on the behavior of their offspring. by comparing young domestic japanese quail raised by adoptive mothers with high levels of general emotional reactivity (e+ mothers) to young raised by adoptive mothers with low levels of general emotional reactivity (e- mothers), we evaluated the influence of characteristics of mothers on the behavioral development of their offspring. our results revealed that gener ...	2005	15690384
sexual behavior activates the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zenk (egr-1) in catecholaminergic neurons of male japanese quail.	we analyzed the expression of the immediate early genes c-fos and zenk (egr-1) in the brain of male quail that were gonadally intact (i) or castrated and treated (cx+t) or not (cx) with testosterone and had been exposed for 60 min either to a sexually mature female (f), or to an empty arena (ea) or were left in their home cage (hc). alternate sections in the brains collected 90 min after the start of behavioral interactions were stained by immunocytochemistry for the proteins fos or zenk alone o ...	2005	15680688
effects of atrazine on sexual maturation in female japanese quail induced by photostimulation or exogenous gonadotropin.	the herbicide atrazine has gained recent attention for its reported effects on reproduction in amphibians. the present study examined the putative effects of atrazine during sexual maturation in the photostimulated female japanese quail. furthermore, the effects of atrazine on birds administered exogenous gonadotropin (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin [pmsg]) were investigated. atrazine was administered up to 1,000 ppm in the diet to female quail undergoing photoperiodically induced sexual matur ...	2006	16494247