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sin nombre virus infection in field workers, colorado, usa.we report 2 cases of sin nombre virus (snv) infection in field workers, possibly contracted through rodent bites. screening for antibodies to snv in rodents trapped in 2 seasons showed that 9.77% were seropositive. quantitative real-time pcr showed that 2 of 79 deer mice had detectable titers of snv rna.201020113567
andes virus infections in the rodent reservoir and in humans vary across contrasting landscapes in chile.hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) is an emerging infectious disease first reported in chile in 1995. andes hantavirus (andv) is responsible for the more than 500 cases of hcps reported in chile. previous work showed that andv is genetically differentiated in chile across contrasting landscapes. to determine whether the reservoir rodent (oligoryzomys longicaudatus) populations are also geographically segregated, we conducted range-wide spatial genetic analyses of o. longicaudatus in chil ...201019632357
[hantavirosis: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients in chile].the first cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in children were described in the united states and represented 8% of the total reported cases; in chile, the proportion of pediatric cases represents 15% of all national cases.201020140316
case-control study on puumala virus infection: smoking is a risk factor.puumala hantavirus (puuv) is apparently transmitted to humans by inhalation of aerosolized secretions of carrier rodents (bank voles). the means of transmission and the associated risk factors are poorly defined. an epidemiological study during the peak of an epidemic season in finland was conducted based on 282 acute clinical puuv infections and 204 controls without puuv infection or immunity. the main risk factors adjusted by age, sex and living environment were cigarette smoking [odds ratio ( ...201019781114
one-step rna pathogen detection with reverse transcriptase activity of a mutated thermostable thermus aquaticus dna polymerase.we describe the cloning and characterization of a mutated thermostable dna polymerase from thermus aquaticus (taq) that exhibits an increased reverse transcriptase activity and is therefore designated for one-step pcr pathogen detection using established real-time detection methods. we demonstrate that this taq polymerase mutant (taq m1) has similar pcr sensitivity and nuclease activity as the respective taq wild-type dna polymerase. in addition, and in marked contrast to the wild-type, taq m1 e ...201020108275
models for the spread and persistence of hantavirus infection in rodents with direct and indirect transmission.hantavirus, a zoonotic disease carried by wild rodents, is spread among rodents via direct contact and indirectly via infected rodent excreta in the soil. spillover to humans is primarily via the indirect route through inhalation of aerosolized viral particles. rodent-hantavirus models that include direct and indirect transmission and periodically varying demographic and epidemiological parameters are studied in this investigation. two models are analyzed, a nonautonomous system of differential ...201020104956
molecular characterization of two hantavirus strains from different rattus species in singapore.hantaviruses cause human disease in endemic regions around the world. outbreaks of hantaviral diseases have been associated with changes in rodent population density and adaptation to human settlements leading to their proliferation in close proximity to human dwellings. in a parallel study initiated to determine the prevalence of pathogens in singapore's wild rodent population, 1206 rodents were trapped and screened. the findings established a hantavirus seroprevalence of 34%. this paper descri ...201020096099
interactions and oligomerization of hantavirus glycoproteins.in this report the basis for the structural architecture of the envelope of hantaviruses, family bunyaviridae, is systematically studied by the interactions of two glycoproteins n and c (gn and gc, respectively) and their respective disulfide bridge-mediated homo- and heteromeric oligomerizations. in virion extracts gn and gc associated in both homo- and hetero-oligomers which were, at least partially, thiol bridge mediated. due to strong homo-oligomerization, the hetero-oligomers of gn and gc a ...201019828613
infection of in vivo differentiated human mast cells with hantaviruses.increased vascular permeability is a key feature of the pathological symptoms caused by hantaviruses. here, we analysed the interaction between hantaviruses and mast cells, which regulate vascular homeostasis. in highly purified human skin mast cells increasing amounts of hantaan (htnv) and, to a lower extent, prospect hill (phv) virions were produced. replication was confirmed by the production of viral plus-strand rna as determined by a virus strand-specific rt-pcr. phv but not htnv elicited e ...201020071485
epidemic viral pneumonia.two recent viral epidemics producing pneumonitis (severe acute respiratory syndrome and pandemic influenza a h1n1) have highlighted the potential for viral infections to cause respiratory failure with a significant risk of mortality. this review describes these epidemics and other causes of epidemic viral pneumonia.201020087179
production and characterization of a recombinant single-chain antibody against hantaan virus envelop glycoprotein.hantaan virus (htnv) is the type of hantavirus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, for which no specific therapeutics are available so far. cell type-specific internalizing antibodies can be used to deliver therapeutics intracellularly to target cell and thus, have potential application in anti-htnv infection. to achieve intracellular delivery of therapeutics, it is necessary to obtain antibodies that demonstrate sufficient cell type-specific binding, internalizing, and desired cellul ...201020012277
the effect of seasonality, density and climate on the population dynamics of montana deer mice, important reservoir hosts for sin nombre hantavirus.1. since sin nombre virus was discovered in the u.s. in 1993, longitudinal studies of the rodent reservoir host, the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) have demonstrated a qualitative correlation among mouse population dynamics and risk of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in humans, indicating the importance of understanding deer mouse population dynamics for evaluating risk of hps. 2. using capture-mark-recapture statistical methods on a 15-year data set from montana, we estimated deer mous ...201020015212
serologic survey of hantavirus infection, brazilian amazon. 201020409399
puumala hantavirus and myodes glareolus in northern europe: no evidence of co-divergence between genetic lineages of virus and host.the genus hantavirus (family bunyaviridae) includes negative-strand rna viruses that are carried by persistently infected rodent and insectivore species. puumala virus (puuv), carried by bank voles (myodes glareolus), is a pathogenic hantavirus that causes outbreaks of mild haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome across europe. in northern europe, puuv is represented by several genetic lineages that are maintained by distinct phylogroups of bank voles. the present study describes sequences of new ...201020107019
tula virus in populations of small terrestrial mammals in a rural landscape.over 5 years (2000-2004), populations of small mammals from a rural landscape in southern moravia (czech republic) were investigated for the presence of tula virus (tulv) antigen using the elisa set hantagnost. in total, 1566 individuals from 10 species were examined. the prevalence in the common vole (microtus arvalis pallas 1778), the main reservoir of tulv, was 10% (n = 871). the prevalence of tulv antigen increases with its population numbers. the highest number of tulv antigen-positive comm ...201020420534
genetic detection of dobrava/belgrade virus in a czech patient with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.in the summer of 2008, a 15-year-old boy was hospitalized in a paediatric intensive care unit in the czech republic. laboratory diagnosis of hantavirus infection was established by serological and molecular methods. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the causative strain was dobrava/belgrade virus, which is genetically closer to strains associated with apodemus flavicollis rodents.201019832712
electron cryotomography of tula hantavirus suggests a unique assembly paradigm for enveloped viruses.hantaviruses (family bunyaviridae) are rodent-borne emerging viruses that cause a serious, worldwide threat to human health. hantavirus diseases include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. virions are enveloped and contain a tripartite single-stranded negative-sense rna genome. two types of glycoproteins, g(n) and g(c), are embedded in the viral membrane and form protrusions, or "spikes." the membrane encloses a ribonucleoprotein core, which consists of ...201020219926
puumala virus reference strain for hantavirus serodiagnosis in france. 201019885688
extensive host sharing of central european tula virus.to examine the host association of tula virus (tulv), a hantavirus present in large parts of europe, we investigated a total of 791 rodents representing 469 microtus arvalis and 322 microtus agrestis animals from northeast, northwest, and southeast germany, including geographical regions with sympatric occurrence of both vole species, for the presence of tulv infections. based on serological investigation, reverse transcriptase pcr, and subsequent sequence analysis of partial small (s) and mediu ...201019889769
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, french guiana. 201020350412
study of andes virus entry and neutralization using a pseudovirion system.andes virus (andv), a member of the hantavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae, causes an acute disease characteristic of new-world hantaviruses called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). hps is a highly pathogenic disease with a case-fatality rate of 40%. andv is the only hantavirus reported to spread directly from human-to-human. the aim of the present study was to develop a quantitative and high-throughput pseudovirion assay to study andv infection and neutralization in biosafety level 2 fa ...201019903496
a serosurvey reveals bosnia and herzegovina as a europe's hotspot in hantavirus seroprevalence.the extent of hantavirus seroprevalence in the healthy population from bosnia and herzegovina has not yet been investigated; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hantavirus seroprevalence in the population from different regions of bosnia and herzegovina and in different risk groups. the serosurvey included 1331 subjects from endemic and non-endemic regions in bosnia and herzegovina. all sera samples were examined using igg elisa, and western blot (bunyavirus igg) tests. hantavirus ...201019951455
association of -308g/a polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter with susceptibility to development of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the ribeirão preto region, brazil.activation of the immune response in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) leads to a high tnf production, probably contributing to the disease. the polymorphic tnf2 allele (tnf -308g/a) has been associated with increased cytokine production. we investigated the association of the tnf2 allele with the outcome of hantavirus infection in brazilian patients. a total of 122 hantavirus-exposed individuals (26 presenting hcps and 96 only hantavirus seroconversion) were studied. the tnf2 allele wa ...201020372945
pathology of black creek canal virus infection in juvenile hispid cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus).the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of inoculum dose on the pathogenesis of black creek canal virus (bccv) infection in the hispid cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus), the principal host of bccv. no sign of illness was observed in any of the 52 juvenile hispid cotton rats inoculated with 3.1, 1.1, -0.9, or -2.9 log(10) median infectious doses(veroe6) (id(50-veroe6)) of bccv and euthanized on day 9, 18, 27, or 54 postinoculation (pi). analysis of virus assay and serological data indicat ...201020455779
hantavirus nucleocapsid protein has distinct m7g cap- and rna-binding sites.hantaviruses, members of the bunyaviridae family, are emerging category a pathogens that carry three negative stranded rna molecules as their genome. hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) is encoded by the smallest s segment genomic rna (viral rna). n specifically binds mrna caps and requires four nucleotides adjacent to the cap for high affinity binding. we show that the n peptide has distinct cap- and rna-binding sites that independently interact with mrna cap and viral genomic rna, respectively ...201020164193
pathogenic hantaviruses andes virus and hantaan virus induce adherens junction disassembly by directing vascular endothelial cadherin internalization in human endothelial cells.hantaviruses infect endothelial cells and cause 2 vascular permeability-based diseases. pathogenic hantaviruses enhance the permeability of endothelial cells in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). however, the mechanism by which hantaviruses hyperpermeabilize endothelial cells has not been defined. the paracellular permeability of endothelial cells is uniquely determined by the homophilic assembly of vascular endothelial cadherin (ve-cadherin) within adherens junctions, which ...201020463083
novel hantavirus in the flat-skulled shrew (sorex roboratus).genetically distinct hantaviruses have been identified recently in multiple species of shrews (order soricomorpha, family soricidae) in eurasia and north america. to corroborate decades-old reports of hantaviral antigens in shrews from russia, archival liver and lung tissues from 4 siberian large-toothed shrews (sorex daphaenodon), 5 eurasian least shrews (sorex minutissimus), 12 flat-skulled shrews (sorex roboratus), and 18 tundra shrews (sorex tundrensis), captured in the sakha republic in nor ...201020426682
seewis virus: phylogeography of a shrew-borne hantavirus in siberia, russia.hantaviral antigens were originally reported more than 20 years ago in tissues of the eurasian common shrew (sorex araneus), captured in european and siberian russia. the recent discovery of seewis virus (swsv) in this soricid species in switzerland provided an opportunity to investigate its genetic diversity and geographic distribution in russia.201020426688
hantavirus outbreak associated with laboratory rats in yunnan, china.an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurred among students in a college (college a) in kunming, yunnan province, china in 2003. subsequent investigations revealed the presence of hantavirus antibodies and antigens in laboratory rats at college a and two other institutions. hantavirus antibodies were detected in 15 additional individuals other than the index case in these three locations. epidemiologic data indicated that the human infections were a result of zoonotic transmissi ...201020380897
roles of human disturbance, precipitation, and a pathogen on the survival and reproductive probabilities of deer mice.climate change, human disturbance, and disease can have large impacts on the dynamics of a species by affecting the likelihood of survival and reproduction of individuals. we investigated the roles of precipitation, off-road vehicle (orv) alteration of habitat, and infection with sin nombre virus on the survival and reproductive probabilities of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). we used generalized linear mixed models to estimate the effects of these factors and their interactions by fitting c ...201020392022
steep rise in notified hantavirus infections in germany, april 2010.from january to april 2010, 396 hantavirus infections were notified in germany, a considerable increase compared with previous years (mean: 83 for january-april 2004-2009) including the record-setting year, 2007 (n=232 january-april). most patients are residents of known puumala virus endemic areas in southern germany. the recent increase in notified hantavirus infections is probably due to an increased population density of the main animal reservoir, the bank vole (myodes glareolus).201020504391
generation and characterization of genetic reassortants between puumala and prospect hill hantavirus in vitro.hantaviruses belong to the family bunyaviridae characterized by tri-segmented rna genomes. depending on the hantavirus species, infection can lead to hantavirus cardiopulmonary or haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. in vitro studies suggest that pathogenic hantaviruses evade induction of innate antiviral responses, and this ability might determine the virulence in humans. since reverse genetic systems are not available, in vitro reassortment is currently the only way to culture defined hanta ...201020505009
relationship of human behavior within outbuildings to potential exposure to sin nombre virus in western montana.sin nombre virus (snv) causes hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) in humans. transmission of snv among the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) host predominates during spring and summer, and is greater in peridomestic than sylvan settings where, protected from uv light, snv may survive longer. incidence of hcps reflects these times and settings and is associated with inhalation of mouse excreta. little is known, however, about how human use of outbuildings contributes to potential exposur ...201020508970
hantaviruses.hantaviruses affect people worldwide, yet they remain poorly understood. this article explores the known history of hantaviruses. it describes diagnostic methods and potential options for treatment and prevention.201020513542
comprehensive panel of real-time taqman polymerase chain reaction assays for detection and absolute quantification of filoviruses, arenaviruses, and new world hantaviruses.viral hemorrhagic fever is caused by a diverse group of single-stranded, negative-sense or positive-sense rna viruses belonging to the families filoviridae (ebola and marburg), arenaviridae (lassa, junin, machupo, sabia, and guanarito), and bunyaviridae (hantavirus). disease characteristics in these families mark each with the potential to be used as a biological threat agent. because other diseases have similar clinical symptoms, specific laboratory diagnostic tests are necessary to provide the ...201020439981
cytoplasmic tails of hantavirus glycoproteins interact with the nucleocapsid protein.here we characterize the interaction between the glycoproteins (gn and gc) and the ribonucleoprotein (rnp) of puumala virus (puuv; genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae). the interaction was initially established with native proteins by co-immunoprecipitating puuv nucleocapsid (n) protein with the glycoprotein complex. mapping of the interaction sites revealed that the n protein has multiple binding sites in the cytoplasmic tail (ct) of gn and is also able to bind to the predicted ct of gc. the ...201020444994
the severity of puumala hantavirus induced nephropathia epidemica can be better evaluated using plasma interleukin-6 than c-reactive protein determinations.nephropathia epidemica (ne) is a scandinavian type of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala hantavirus. the clinical course of the disease varies greatly in severity. the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether plasma c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin (il)-6 levels associate with the severity of ne.201020500875
puumala virus infection: radiologic findings.a 33-year-old male patient was admitted to our nephrology department with rapidly deteriorating general health, fever, respiratory difficulties, and acute renal failure. computed tomography of the thorax revealed interstitial edema with thickening of the interlobular septa, peribronchial cuffing, ground-glass opacities, and small pleural and pericardial effusions. polymerase chain reaction tests verified puumala virus infection. the patient recovered with supportive treatment. hantavirus infecti ...201120736852
a possible case of hantavirus infection in a borneo orangutan and its conservation implication.natural infection of hantavirus in orangutans has never been reported.201120722771
detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, hanta, and sandfly fever viruses by real-time rt-pcr.the development of sensitive and specific nucleic acid diagnostic assays for viral pathogens is essential for proper medical intervention. this chapter describes four fluorescence-based pcr assays to detect the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchfv), andes (andv), hantaan (hanv), and sandfly fever sicilian (sfsv) viruses. these assays are based on species-specific hydrolysis probes targeting the nucleocapsid protein gene for cchfv and sfsv and the glycoprotein gene for andv and hanv. all four a ...201121116810
prospective study on ocular findings in acute puumala hantavirus infection in hospitalised patients.to appraise the ocular manifestations of puumala hantavirus evoked haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome nephropathia epidemica (ne) and to clarify the mechanisms of ocular changes in the largest series of patients examined to date.201120679079
environmental risk factors for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in a french new epidemic area.summaryin france, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic along the belgian border. however, this rodent-borne zoonosis caused by the puumala virus has recently spread south to the franche-comté region. we investigated the space-time distribution of hfrs and evaluated the influence of environmental factors that drive the hantavirus reservoir abundance and/or the disease transmission in this area. a scan test clearly indicated space-time clustering, highlighting a single-year (20 ...201120822577
hantavirus outbreak in western europe: reservoir host infection dynamics related to human disease patterns.within europe, puumala virus (puuv) is the causal agent of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans, a zoonotic disease with increasing significance in recent years. in a region of belgium with a historically high incidence of ne, bank voles (the puuv reservoir hosts), were monitored for puuv igg antibody prevalence in nine study sites before, during, and after the highest ne outbreak recorded in belgium in 2005. we found that the highest numbers of puuv igg-positive voles coincided with the peak o ...201120450527
identification of three novel ctl epitopes within nucleocapsid protein of hantaan virus.hantaan virus (htnv) is a member of the hantavirus genus that causes human hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. the ctl response seems to play a key role in control of viral infection, but only a few htnv epitopes recognized by the ctls have been reported. herein, we screened a panel of overlapping peptides covering the htnv nucleocapsid protein by elispot assays for those that can elicit ifn-γ production in vitro. three novel cd8(+) ctl epitopes, n197-205 (ryrtavcgl), n245-25 ...201122111596
detection of dobrava-belgrade hantavirus using recombinant-nucleocapsid-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sybr green-based real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.dobrava (dobv) hantaviruses belong to the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae, and are carried by yellow-necked and striped field mice. the goal of this study was to detect dobv using serological and genetic methods in apodemus rodents in hungary and in northern croatia. during the study period, a total of 125 apodemus sp. (67 a. agrarius, 58 a. flavicollis) were tested for the presence of hantaviruses, and 21 rodents (17%) were positive by rrt-pcr and/or elisa. we conclude that the prevalence ...201121573689
characterization of the interaction between hantavirus nucleocapsid protein (n) and ribosomal protein s19 (rps19).hantaviruses, members of the bunyaviridae family, are negative-stranded emerging rna viruses and category a pathogens that cause serious illness when transmitted to humans through aerosolized excreta of infected rodent hosts. hantaviruses have evolved a novel translation initiation mechanism, operated by nucleocapsid protein (n), which preferentially facilitates the translation of viral mrnas. n binds to the ribosomal protein s19 (rps19), a structural component of the 40 s ribosomal subunit. in ...201121296889
phylogenetic analysis of puumala virus subtype bavaria, characterization and diagnostic use of its recombinant nucleocapsid protein.puumala virus (puuv) is the predominant hantavirus species in germany causing large numbers of mild to moderate cases of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). during an outbreak in south-east germany in 2004 a novel puuv subtype designated bavaria was identified as the causative agent of hfrs in humans [1]. here we present a molecular characterization of this puuv strain by investigating novel partial and almost entire nucleocapsid (n) protein-encoding small (s-) segment sequences and p ...201121598005
In vitro and in vivo activity of ribavirin against Andes virus infection.Pathogenic hantaviruses are a closely related group of rodent-borne viruses which are responsible for two distinct diseases in humans, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS, otherwise known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, HCPS). The antiviral effect of ribavirin against Old World hantaviruses, most notably Hantaan virus, is well documented; however, only a few studies have addressed its inhibitory effect on New World hantaviruses. In the present stu ...201121853152
pathogenesis and host response in syrian hamsters following intranasal infection with andes virus.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), also referred to as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps), is a rare but frequently fatal disease caused by new world hantaviruses. in humans hps is associated with severe pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock; however, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear largely due to a lack of suitable animal models for the study of disease progression. in this study we monitored clinical, virological, pathophysiological parameters and host immunological ...201122194683
clusters of spatial, temporal, and space-time distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in liaoning province, northeastern china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a rodent-borne disease caused by hantavirus, with characteristics of fever, hemorrhage, kidney damage, and hypotension. hfrs is recognized as a notifiable public health problem in china, and liaoning province is one of the most seriously affected areas with the most cases in china. it is necessary to investigate the spatial, temporal, and space-time distribution of confirmed cases of hfrs in liaoning province, china for future research into risk fa ...201121867563
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe disease characterized by a rapid onset of pulmonary edema followed by respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. the hps associated viruses are members of the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae. hantaviruses have a worldwide distribution and are broadly split into the new world hantaviruses, which includes those causing hps, and the old world hantaviruses [including the prototype hantaan virus (htnv)], which are associated with a different disea ...201121945215
modeling potential distribution of oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the andes virus (genus: hantavirus) reservoir, in argentina.we constructed a model to predict the potential distribution of oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the reservoir of andes virus (genus: hantavirus), in argentina. we developed an extensive database of occurrence records from published studies and our own surveys and compared two methods to model the probability of o. longicaudatus presence; logistic regression and maxent algorithm. the environmental variables used were tree, grass and bare soil cover from modis imagery and, altitude and 19 bioclimatic ...201122130568
cytokine expression during early and late phase of acute puumala hantavirus infection.abstract: background: hantaviruses of the family bunyaviridae are emerging zoonotic pathogens which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the old world and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the new world. an immune-mediated pathogenesis is discussed for both syndromes. the aim of our study was to investigate cytokine expression during the course of acute puumala hantavirus infection. results: we retrospectively studied 64 patients hospitalised with acute puumala hantavirus ...201122085404
hantavirus and acute appendicitis-the diagnosis behind the diagnosis?a 33-year-old man with a history of acute lower abdominal pain was admitted to the emergency room. after laparoscopic appendectomy and pathological confirmed acute appendicitis the patient developed thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. serological testing for hantaviruses revealed a positive result for puuv igg and igm. immunohistochemical work-up detected puuv antigen in endothelial cells of capillaries and larger vessels. the high percentage of patients with hantavirus infection and sever ...201122169597
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated by orchitis.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a disease caused by viruses of the family bunyaviridae, genus hantavirus. hfrs from dobrava virus (dobv) is a seldom reported disease in albania. clinically hfrs is manifested as mild, moderate, or severe. therefore, the number of cases of hantavirus' infection may be underestimated, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of many acute infections, hematologic diseases, acute abdominal diseases and renal diseases complicated by acute r ...201121847761
Detection of two morphologically cryptic species from the cursor complex (Akodon spp; Rodentia, Cricetidae) through the use of RAPD markers.The cursor complex is a group within the Akodon genus of South American rodents, formed by Akodon cursor and A. montensis. Correct distinction between these two species is of great importance since they can harbor different Hantavirus strains. These species are only distinguishable by means of karyotypic or internal anatomic features, requiring dissection; recently, some other genetic methods have become available. We developed RAPD markers capable of distinguishing between A. cursor and A ...201122179960
application of truncated nucleocapsid protein (n) for serotyping elisa of murinae-associated hantavirus infection in rats.truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins (trns) that lack n-terminally located cross-reactive epitopes of four murinae rodent-associated hantaviruses, seoul virus (seov), thailand virus, hantaan virus (htnv) and dobrava-berglade virus, were produced by using a baculovirus expression system. elisa with the trns as antigens enabled serotyping of immune sera from rats experimentally inoculated with the corresponding hantaviruses as cut-off od values of 60% to those to whole n of htnv. the trn ba ...201121937858
efficient production of hantaan and puumala pseudovirions for viral tropism and neutralization studies.puumala (puuv) and hantaan (htnv) viruses are hantaviruses within the family bunyaviridae and associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in humans. little is known about how these viruses interact with host cells, though pathogenic hantaviruses interact with α(v)β(3) integrin. to study host cell interactions and rapidly test the ability of antibodies to prevent infection, we produced htnv and puuv pseudovirions on a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) core. similar to replication- ...201122209230
polymorphisms of pai-1 and platelet gp ia may associate with impairment of renal function and thrombocytopenia in puumala hantavirus infection.introduction: puumala virus (puuv) infection is a viral hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) characterized by thrombocytopenia and acute impairment of renal function. we aimed to assess whether genetic polymorphisms of platelet antigens together with those of von willebrand factor (vwf) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai-1) correlate with disease severity. patients and methods 172 consecutive hospital-treated patients with serologically confirmed acute puuv infection were included. ...201122133274
characterization of natural killer cell phenotype and function during recurrent human hsv-2 infection.human natural killer (nk) cell differentiation, characterized by a loss of nkg2a in parallel with the acquisition of nkg2c, kirs, and cd57 is stimulated by a number of virus infections, including infection with human cytomegalovirus (cmv), hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1. here, we addressed if hsv-2 infection in a similar way drives nk cell differentiation towards an nkg2a(-)nkg2c(+)kir(+)cd57(+) phenotype. in contrast to infection with cmv, hantavirus, chikungunya virus, and hiv-1, rec ...201122110712
A five-year perspective on the situation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and status of the hantavirus reservoirs in Europe, 2005-2010.Hantavirus infections are reported from many countries in Europe and with highly variable annual case numbers. In 2010, more than 2,000 human cases were reported in Germany, and numbers above the baseline have also been registered in other European countries. Depending on the virus type human infections are characterised by mild to severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The member laboratories of the European Network for diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases present here an ove ...201121924118
a model system for in vitro studies of bank vole borne viruses.the bank vole (myodes glareolus) is a common small mammal in europe and a natural host for several important emerging zoonotic viruses, e.g. puumala hantavirus (puuv) that causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). hantaviruses are known to interfere with several signaling pathways in infected human cells, and hfrs is considered an immune-mediated disease. there is no in vitro-model available for infectious experiments in bank vole cells, nor tools for analyses of bank vole immune acti ...201122194969
hantavirus infection-hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: the first case series reported in romania and review of the literature.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by hantaviruses, a group of rna viruses belonging to the bunyaviridae family. humans may get the disease by contamination with excreta of carrier rodents. the disease typically manifests with the triad fever-thrombocytopenia-acute kidney injury (aki). although its global prevalence seems to be increasing, hantavirus infection is still commonly overlooked, because of its clinical polymorphism and non-specific sym ...201121678038
antigenic characterization of expressed complete and different truncated recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of hantaan virus by monoclonal antibodies.the nucleocapsid protein (np) of hantavirus has been shown to be highly immunogenic in laboratory animals and humans, and it induces an early and long-lasting humoral immune response during hantavirus infection. in the present study, entire and three partially truncated open reading frames (orf) of np genes of hantaan virus (htnv) strain 76-118, a prototype of hantavirus, were amplified and then cloned in prokaryotic expression vectors. the recombinant whole np and truncated nps were expressed i ...201122008071
Short report: Genetic diversity of Thottapalayam virus, a Hantavirus harbored by the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) in Nepal.Despite the recent discovery of genetically divergent hantaviruses in shrews of multiple species in widely separated geographic regions, data are unavailable about the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Thottapalayam virus (TPMV), a hantavirus originally isolated from an Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) captured in southern India more than four decades ago. To bridge this knowledge gap, the S, M, and L segments of hantavirus RNA were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain rea ...201121896819
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support improves survival of patients with hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome refractory to medical treatment.the aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) support in hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps) patients with a predicted mortality of 100%, and the complications associated with this treatment modality and different cannulation techniques.201121900022
Communicable diseases prioritized for surveillance and epidemiological research: results of a standardized prioritization procedure in Germany, 2011.To establish strategic priorities for the German national public health institute (RKI) and guide the institute's mid-term strategic decisions, we prioritized infectious pathogens in accordance with their importance for national surveillance and epidemiological research.201121991334
High pentraxin-3 plasma levels associate with thrombocytopenia in acute Puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica.Our aim was to investigate whether plasma levels of the long pentraxin-3 (PTX3) associate with the severity of Puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (NE). Sixty-one prospectively identified consecutively hospitalized NE patients were examined. Plasma PTX3, interleukin (IL)-6, terminal complement complex SC5b-9, complement component C3, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, sodium, kynurenine, and tryptophan levels, as well as the blood cell count, were determined for up to five conse ...201121901638
genetic diversity of hantaviruses in mexico: identification of three novel hantaviruses from neotominae rodents.a variety of hantaviruses are harbored by rodents in north and south america, some of which can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. to obtain greater evolutionary insight into hantaviruses in the americas, a total of 211 rodents were captured in the mexican states of guerrero and morelos in 2006. anti-hantavirus antibodies were detected in 27 of 211 serum samples (12.8%) by elisa. the distribution of seropositive rodents was: 17 peromyscus beatae, 1 megadontomys thomasi, 1 neotoma picta, 6 reit ...201122138671
[a study of immunoassay by using quantum dots to detect hantavirus infection].to develop a new method to detect anti-hantavirus igg antibodies (hv igg) based on quantum dots (qds) and indirect immune technique.201122734244
[hantavirus as important emerging agents in south america].the dawning of the 20th century was marked by the emergence of new infectious disease agents and the appearance of others previously thought controlled. both phenomena were possibly connected with ecological disturbances that led to the recognition of a dramatic climate change, of which the effects are only now becoming noticeable. among the variety of agents to be considered, the many new viruses stand out, not only for their numerical proliferation, but also for their genetic versatility. it i ...201122674322
[the expression and bioactivity of s gene in vero-e6 cells using baculovirus vector].the s gene of a hanta virus (hv) z10 strain was cloned into a baculovirus shuttle bacmid pdual-cmv contained a cmv promoter to generated a recombinant baculovirus bac-pdual-cmv-hvs, then the recombinant baculovirus was transfected into vero-e6 cell. the cells with recombinant baculovirus were applied to the detection of hv antiserum.201122097607
estimating duration of infection with avidity assays: potential limitations and recommendations for improvement.recent infections often have higher pathogen loads. the number of recent infections can therefore be used to estimate transmission rates in a host population. antibody avidity assays are an emerging technique to infer infection age in both domestic and wild animals. these assays have the potential to supplant intensive mark-recapture efforts for identification of recent infections, but their results may be confounded by antibody titer. we examined the effectiveness of an avidity assay for identi ...201122311097
hantavirus rna not detected in ixodes ricinus ticks.a total of 174 unfed ixodes ricinus ticks (104 nymphs, 36 males, and 34 females) collected in the roztocze national park in eastern poland were examined by the pcr and nested pcr methods for the presence of hantavirus rna. none of the examined ixodes ricinus specimens showed the presence of the hantavirus-specific rna, in spite of using 2 genetic markers and the clearly positive results obtained with the positive control. thus, a hypothesis about the possible participation of ticks in the transm ...201122216828
an emerging infectious cause of renal impairment in the uk.hantaviruses are endemic in many central european countries, particularly the balkans, infection causing non-specific 'flu-like symptoms and renal dysfunction which is self-limiting in the majority of cases. in this case, there was a diagnostic delay, resulting in numerous unnecessary investigations, prolonged hospital stay and almost an invasive renal biopsy. a travel history is therefore essential, to establish travel to an endemic region within the previous 2-6 weeks. with increasing travel a ...201122674588
[investigation on the natural infectious status of hantaviruses among small mammals in longquan city, zhejiang province].to investigate the situation of the natural infection of hantaviruses (hv) in small mammals and to provide evidence for the control and prevention of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in longquan area, zhejiang province.201121781480
comparison of hantaan and seoul viral infections among patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in heilongjiang, china.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a serious public health problem in china, and is primarily caused by either the hantaan virus (htnv) or seoul virus (seov) strains. however, the causative hantavirus has only been definitively identified in a few hfrs cases, and detailed comparisons of patient data for the 2 strains are limited.201121428852
detection of hantaviruses in brazilian rodents by sybr-green-based real-time rt-pcr.current knowledge of the pathogenic hantavirus indicates that wild rodents are its primary natural reservoir. specific primers to detect the presence of viral genomes were developed using an sybr-green-based real-time rt-pcr protocol. one hundred sixty-four rodents native to the atlantic forest biome were captured in são paulo state, brazil, and their tissues were tested. the presence of hantavirus rna was detected in sixteen rodents: three specimens of akodon montensis, three of akodon cursor, ...201121442233
pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography findings in nephropathia epidemica.purpose: to evaluate lung high-resolution computed tomography (hrct) findings in patients with puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne), and to determine if these findings correspond to chest radiograph findings. materials and methods: hrct findings and clinical course were studied in 13 hospital-treated ne patients. chest radiograph findings were studied in 12 of them. results: twelve patients (92%) showed lung parenchymal abnormalities in hrct, while only 8 had changes in their c ...201121600717
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, united states, 1993-2009.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a severe respiratory illness identified in 1993. since its identification, the centers for disease control and prevention has obtained standardized information about and maintained a registry of all laboratory-confirmed hps cases in the united states. during 1993-2009, a total of 510 hps cases were identified. case counts have varied from 11 to 48 per year (case-fatality rate 35%). however, there were no trends suggesting increasing or decreasing case count ...201121762572
epidemiological study on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in flood areas.to investigate the infection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in host animals and inapparent infection of hfrs in general population in dongting lake areas after floods.201121464543
serum levels of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.abstract: background: hantaviruses are the causative agents of two zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). the pathogenesis of hfrs is poorly understood. however, it has been suggested that immune mechanisms, including cytokines, might have an important role in hfrs pathogenesis. thus, the aim of our study was to investigate cytokine profiles in serum samples of hfrs patients from slovenia and explore a possible correlation ...201121605369
complement activation in puumala hantavirus infection correlates with disease severity.abstract introduction. hantaviruses are important human pathogens that cause clinical diseases characterized by renal and cardiopulmonary manifestations. their pathogenesis is currently poorly understood. we have studied the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of puumala (puuv) hantavirus infection. material and methods. we studied the activation of complement by measuring the terminal complement complex sc5b-9 and complement component c3 and c4 levels in patients with acute puuv i ...201121495786
viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects.to compare modes and sources of infection and clinical and biosafety aspects of accidental viral infections in hospital workers and research laboratory staff reported in scientific articles.201121497126
structural characterization of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus gn tail provides insight into virus assembly.the rna virus that causes the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne pathogen of the nairovirus genus, family bunyaviridae. unlike many zoonotic viruses that are only passed between animals and humans, the cchf virus can also be transmitted from human to human with an overall mortality rate approaching 30%. currently, there are no atomic structures for any cchf virus proteins nor for any nairovirus proteins. a critical component of the virus is the envelope gn glycoprotein, which ...201121507948
biogeographic and ecological regulation of disease: prevalence of sin nombre virus in island mice is related to island area, precipitation, and predator richness.the relative roles of top-down and bottom-up forces in affecting disease prevalence in wild hosts is important for understanding disease dynamics and human disease risk. we found that the prevalence of sin nombre virus (snv), the agent of a severe disease in humans (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome), in island deer mice from the eight california channel islands was greater with increased precipitation (a measure of productivity), greater island area, and fewer species of rodent predators. in findin ...201121508614
notes from the field: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome --- maine, april 2011.on april 25, 2011, the maine center for disease control and prevention was notified of a suspected case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in a man aged 70 years with no recent out-of-state travel. the maine resident went to a community hospital in early april with a 5-day history of fatigue, decreased appetite, weakness, chills, myalgias, and progressive shortness of breath. on examination, he was hypoxic and tachypneic. the patient was admitted with laboratory evidence of acute renal insuf ...201121681176
hantavirus ecology in rodent populations in three protected areas of argentina.in this study, we identified hantavirus genotypes and their reservoirs and evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of the virus in rodent population in three protected areas of argentina over 3ôçâyears (2007-2010). a total of 837 rodents were captured with an effort of 22ôçâ117 trap-nights. we detected the genotype lechiguanas in oligoryzomys nigripes and o.-áflavescens and pergamino in akodon azarae. there was no correlation between seroprevalence and trap success of the host. the propo ...201121733047
[acute myopia].this paper presents a case of ocular involvement during acute renal failure caused by hantavirus. a 34-year-old man suffered from sudden visual loss during acute onset fever with nausea and renal failure. the ophthalmologic examination showed myopia in both eyes and no signs of infection but virological studies revealed an infection with hantavirus. during treatment of the renal failure the myopia improved spontaneously. transient myopia is a typical ocular involvement during infections with han ...201121688053
human pathogenic hantaviruses and prevention of infection.hantaviruses are emerging viruses which are hosted by small mammals. when transmitted to humans, they can cause two clinical syndromes, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. the review compiles the current list of hantaviruses which are thought to be pathogenic in humans on the basis of molecular or at least serological evidence. whereas induction of a neutralizing humoral immune response is considered to be protective against infection, the dual role of c ...201121508676
maporal virus as a surrogate for pathogenic new world hantaviruses and its inhibition by favipiravir.pathogenic hantaviruses geographically distributed in the old world cause haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), whereas new world hantaviruses are the aetiological agents of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (hcps). ribavirin, a drug associated with toxicities, is presently indicated for treatment of hfrs, whereas treatment of the more frequently lethal hcps is limited to supportive care. because of the need for safe and effective antivirals to treat severe hantaviral infections, we e ...201121566265
Incidence rate for hantavirus infections without pulmonary syndrome, Panama.During 2001-2007, to determine incidence of all hantavirus infections, including those without pulmonary syndrome, in western Panama, we conducted 11 communitywide surveys. Among 1,129 persons, antibody prevalence was 16.5%-60.4%. Repeat surveys of 476 found that patients who seroconverted outnumbered patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome by 14 to 1.201122000376
Rodent-Borne Hantaviruses in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand.In order to evaluate the circulation of hantaviruses present in southeast Asia, a large scale survey of small mammal species was carried out at seven main sites in the region (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Thailand). Small scale opportunistic trapping was also performed at an eighth site (Cambodia). Using a standard IFA test, IgG antibodies reacting to Hantaan virus antigens were detected at six sites. Antibody prevalence at each site varied from 0 to 5.6% with antibodies detec ...201122124701
dynamics of hantavirus infection in peromyscus leucopus of central pennsylvania.abstract hantaviruses are distributed throughout the united states and are the etiologic agents for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. hantavirus genotypes and epidemiologic patterns vary spatially across the united states. while several longitudinal studies have been performed in the western united states, little is known about the virus in the eastern united states. we undertook a longitudinal study of hantaviruses in the primary rodent reservoir host in c ...201121756028
sex differences in the incidence and case fatality rates from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in china, 2004-2008.background. differences between male and female individuals in response to infectious diseases are an overlooked global health problem. methods. the relationship between sex and disease outcome was examined in populations of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in mainland china, where most cases of hantavirus exposure occur. hfrs in china is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and is confirmed with serological testing. the geographical distribution, incidence, and case fata ...201121628481
shared ancestry between a newfound mole-borne hantavirus and hantaviruses harbored by cricetid rodents.discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in multiple species of shrews (order soricomorpha, family soricidae) and moles (family talpidae) contests the conventional view that rodents (order rodentia, family muridae and cricetidae) are the principal reservoir hosts and suggests that the evolutionary history of hantaviruses is far more complex than previously hypothesized. we now report on rockport virus (rkpv), a hantavirus identified in archival tissues of the eastern mole (scalopus aquatic ...201121632770
biodiversity and leptospirosis risk: a case of pathogen regulation?well balanced ecosystems have an essential role in disease regulation, and consequently their correct functioning is increasingly recognised as imperative for maintaining human health. disruptions to ecosystems have been found to increase the risk of several diseases, including hantavirus, lyme disease, ross river virus, malaria and ciguatera fish poisoning. leptospirosis is a globally important emerging zoonosis, caused by spirochaete bacteria, borne by many mammalian hosts, and also transmitte ...201121652151
platelet ligands and adamts13 during puumala hantavirus infection and associated thrombocytopenia.we aimed here to elucidate the role of adhesive platelet ligands and endothelial involvement during the acute phase of puumala hantavirus (puuv) infection. nineteen hospital-treated patients with serologically confirmed diagnosis of acute puuv infection were included. patient charts were reviewed for clinical and basic laboratory data. plasma levels of von willebrand factor antigen (vwf: ag), ristocetin cofactor (vwf: rco), factor viii (fviii: c) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a th ...201121508829
puumala virus infection in syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) resembling hantavirus infection in natural rodent hosts.the mechanism of hantavirus persistent infection in natural hosts is poorly understood due to a lack of laboratory animal models. herein, we report that syrian hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) infected with puumala virus (puuv) at 4weeks old show persistent infection without clinical symptoms for more than 2months. igg and igm antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein and neutralizing antibody were first detectable at 14days postinoculation (dpi) and maintained through 70dpi. viral rna wa ...201121672562
molecular evolution of azagny virus, a newfound hantavirus harbored by the west african pygmy shrew (crocidura obscurior) in cote d'ivoire.abstract: background: tanganya virus (tgnv), the only shrew-associated hantavirus reported to date from sub-saharan africa, is harbored by the therese's shrew (crocidura theresae), and is phylogenetically distinct from thottapalayam virus (tpmv) in the asian house shrew (suncus murinus) and imjin virus (mjnv) in the ussuri white-toothed shrew (crocidura lasiura). the existence of myriad soricid-borne hantaviruses in eurasia and north america would predict the presence of additional hantaviruses ...201121798050
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