Publications

a pulsed field gradient nmr study of the aggregation and hydration of parvalbumin.	pulsed field gradient nmr is a convenient alternative to traditional methods for measuring diffusion of biological macromolecules. in the present study, pulsed field gradient nmr was used to study the effects of calcium binding and hydration on carp parvalbumin. carp parvalbumin is known to undergo large changes in tertiary structure with calcium loading. the diffusion coefficient is a sensitive guide to changes in molecular shape and in the present study the large changes in tertiary structure ...	1997	17029854
desensitizing gabac receptors on carp retinal bipolar cells.	bicuculline- and baclofen-insensitive gaba receptors (gabac receptors) on bipolar cells acutely dissociated from carp retina were investigated with using the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. the currents of these cells mediated by gabac receptors showed striking desensitization, even at low concentrations of gaba. both the time constant tau of the gabac current decay and the extent of desensitization were significantly different from that of gabac receptors previously observed in othe ...	1997	9172130
selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions of low levels in carp retina.	selective suppression of rod signal transmission by cobalt ions was reported in carp retina. using 10 munol/l co(2+), rod-driven horizontal cells were hyperpolarized and light responses were completely suppressed in superfused, isolated retina, while cone-driven horizontal cells were almost unaffected. similarly, scotopic electroretinographic bwave was suppressed by 10 munol/l co(2+), while the photopic b-wave remained unaffected. furthermore, the glutamate-isolated receptor potential (piii) was ...	1997	18726308
fin cell line from isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp.		1997	9156334
molecular cloning and growth hormone-regulated gene expression of carp insulin-like growth factor-i.	two distinct insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) cdnas were isolated from a juvenile carp liver cdna library. both of the cdnas encoded a full length prepro igf-i with 161 amino acids: a mature peptide (70 residues), its signal peptide (44 residues), and a carboxy-terminal e domain (47 residues). the similarity of the two cdna in the open reading frame was 95.1%. the amino acid sequences of e domain predicted by the two cdnas were different while those of the signal peptide and the mature pepti ...	1997	9137817
role of extracellular and intracellular ph in carp sperm motility and modifications by hyperosmosis of regulation of the na+/h+ exchanger.	recently developed flow cytometric methods (trón et al.: mol immunol 27:1307-1311, 1990) to measure the intracellular ph (phi) and intracellular potassium concentration in mammalian cells by using the fluorescent ph-indicator dye 2',7bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf) were adopted for measuring these parameters in carp sperm. the intracellular potassium concentration of the carp sperm was 62.4 +/- 5.3 mm. this is very similar to the potassium concentration of the seminal p ...	1997	9098630
breeding value and variance component estimation from data containing inbred individuals: application to gynogenetic families in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	under gynogenetic reproduction, offspring receive genes only from their dams and completely homozygous offspring are produced within one generation. when gynogenetic reproduction is applied to fully inbred individuals, homozygous clone lines are produced. a mixed model method was developed for breeding value and variance component estimation in gynogenetic families, which requires the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix. a general method for creating the inverse for a population with un ...	1997	9093872
water household of the common carp, cyprinus carpio, when submitted to an osmotic challenge, as determined by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 7 t.	in vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was used to determine the effects of an osmotic challenge (1% nacl) to a freshwater fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the imaged region covered organs such as the swimbladder, the liver, the kidney, the intestine, the spinal cord, and muscle tissue. a striking difference between salt-treated and control fish was found in the liver. the apparent diffusion coefficient value of livers from control fish was (0.39 +/- 0.16) 10(-9) m2/ ...	1997	9219174
molecular cloning, structural analysis, and expression of carp zp2 gene.	the cdnas encoding carp zp2 homologous to winter flounder and mammalian zp2 were cloned. carp zp2 contains a tandemly repetitive domain and a nonrepetitive domain. a repeat is composed of 13 amino-acid residues whose consensus sequence is qqtsqqfqpqkpa/v. the length of the repetitive domain is highly variable, but that of the nonrepetitive domain is fairly constant among various cdnas. the termination codons of various cdnas appear at three different positions. three groups of cdnas were therefo ...	1997	9041128
cadmium-induced changes in the histology of kidneys in common carp, cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae).		1997	9008057
differential effects of nitric oxide on rod and cone pathways in carp retina.	the effects of nitric oxide (no) on electroretinograms and light responses of horizontal cells intracellularly recorded from isolated, superfused carp retinas were studied. sodium nitroprusside (snp), an no donor, suppressed scotopic b wave, while enhancing photopic b wave, and the effects could be blocked by hemoglobin, an no chelator. furthermore, following snp application, light responses of rod horizontal cells were reduced in size and those of cone horizontal cells were increased. these res ...	1997	18726301
substrate specificity of carp cyprinus carpio cathepsin h with methylcoumarylamide substrates.	cathepsin h was purified from the crude extract of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas by a reformed method involving six stages, and the specific activity increased about 11,500-fold with a 23% recovery. of varying fluorescent synthetic substrates tested, carp cathepsin h possessed an ability to hydrolyze four n-terminal unblocked substrates those are composed of a single amino acid bound to 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (mca), namely leu-mca, arg-mca, lys-mca and ala-mca. in contrast the enzyme w ...	1997	9206588
ketone body metabolism in the carp cyprinus carpio: biochemical and 1h nmr spectroscopical analysis.	in fed and starved carp, cyprinus carpio, ketone body metabolism and those metabolic and endocrine factors that are known to induce ketogenesis in starving mammals were investigated. acetoacetate was detected in plasma and liver of both fed and starved carp. we could not detect 3-hydroxybutyrate, neither by 1h-nmr spectroscopy nor by spectrophotometric assay, in spite of low activities of hepatic 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. starvation of carp did not create metabolic conditions that would f ...	1997	9159888
purification and characterization of myofibril-bound serine proteinase from carp cyprinus carpio ordinary muscle.	1. a novel myofibril-bound serine proteinase (mbp) has been purified from ordinary muscle of the carp cyprinus carpio. 2. it was solubilized from the myofibril fraction with acid treatment (under the conditions of 0.6 m kcl, ph 4.0), then purified by column chromatographic steps on ultrogel aca 54, and arginine-sepharose 4b. 3. the purified enzyme revealed a single protein band on sds-page, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 30 kda by sds-page and gel filtration. 4. the optimum ph and te ...	1997	9159882
the two essential light chains of carp fast skeletal myosin, lc1 and lc3, are encoded by distinct genes and change their molar ratio following temperature acclimation.	cdna libraries were constructed from fast skeletal muscles of carp acclimated to 10 and 30 degrees c for a minimum of 5 weeks and were screened for myosin alkali light chains, lc1 and lc3, using an anti-skipjack lc1 polyclonal antibody. two types of lc1 cdna clone were isolated and termed lc1a and lc1b: their nucleotide sequences showed 92% homology. the ratio of lc1a to lc1b cdna clones isolated was approximately 3:1, showing no apparent changes following temperature acclimation. the occurrence ...	1997	9076962
characterization of hepatic metallothionein expression in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.	measurements of metallothioneins (mts) can be labour intensive and require expensive probes and or analytical instrumentation. in contrast, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr0 has provided a relatively sensitive and simple mechanism to measure expression of mt in sentinel species in aquatic environments. the objectives of this study were to characterize expression of hepatic mt in a commonly occurring fish species of the southeastern united states, the channel catfish (i ...	1997	23899176
organochlorine pollutants level in fish from mariut lake, alexandria, egypt.	the residues of 25 organochlorine pollutants, as well as 3 aroclors were analyzed by capillary glc in two tillipia fish species and cyprinus carpio collected from mariut lake, alexandria, egypt. the studied pollutants were ddt's isomers, hexachlorocyclohexane (hchs) isomers, as well as cyclodiene compounds, mirex, methoxychlor, toxaphene and hexa-chlorobenzene (hcb), aroclors 1248, 1254 and 1260, in addition to 9 individual pcbs congeners. lipid content percentage ranged from 1.6 to 4.3% as judg ...	1997	17265633
giant mitochondria as possible bioindicators of environmental injuries in fish liver.	the effect of hypoxia (80 phg) and simultaneously applied paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridynum dichloride) was investigated on carp liver using electron microscopic methods. the appearance of giant mitochondria was the most conspicuous alteration in the liver cells. most of the giant mitochondria were elongated and rod-shaped, often arranged side by side forming clusters beside the nucleus. crook-like and irregular forms also occured among giant mitochondria. the lenght of the giant mitochond ...	1997	11173631
intra-oral food manipulation of carp and other cyprinids: adaptations and limitations.	the heterogeneity of the cyprinid fishes (about 2000 species) and their feeding requires a general model of aquatic feeding. in this model the timing of mouth and gill slit opening and the relative contribution of head expansion and swimming are determining factors. the following elements have been distinguished in the feeding process of cyprinid fishes: search/choice, intake (particulate intake and gulping), size-and taste selection, intra-oral transport (including repositioning), mastication a ...	1997	9421579
study of the effects of brief exposure to an organophosphorous insecticide (methidathion) on blood characteristics of carp (cyprinus carpio).	1. carp with the dorsal aorta cannulated have been used to study the effects of a 5 hour exposure to methidathion at concentrations of 2 or 6 mg/litre. blood samples taken during control, exposed and recovery periods were used to determine plasma acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity, haematocrit value, mean cell volume, total plasma protein, and filtration time through nucleopore filters containing pores of 8 microns. 2. a drastic inhibition of ache activity was observed and this continued durin ...	1997	9404539
a comparison of blood composition in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) using samples obtained from caudal vessels and dorsal aorta cannulae.	blood samples have been taken from chronic cannulae in the dorsal aorta of carp under anaesthesia and at intervals of 24, 29 and 101 hours later. a few minutes after the 29 hours and 101 hours sampling was completed similar quantities (1 ml) were withdrawn from a caudal vessel. all samples were treated in the same way and determinations made of haematocrit value, total protein, glucose concentration and activity of the following plasma enzymes-acetylcholinesterase (ache), glutamic oxaloacetic tr ...	1997	9404538
detection of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio exposed to metallic mercury.	cyprinus carpio fish (carp), exposed to elemental or metallic mercury (hg0) at concentrations of 2.0, 20.0, and 200.0 mg per liter of water, were kept in concrete tanks for 159 days. ten fish were used for each concentration level. thirteen samples of peripheral blood were collected from each animal through gill puncture, 12 during the first 90 days of the experiment, and the last one at the end of the experiment. the micronucleus test (mnt) was designed to study dose and time yield effects of m ...	1997	9366907
[growth and carcass quality of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fed different cereals, lupin seed or zooplankton].	120 carp (cyprinus carpio l.) with an average initial weight of 516 g, were kept in 20 tanks at a water temperature of 23 degrees c and given five different commercially practical diets to an end weight of approximately 1000 g. four of the diets consisted of more than 50% of the traditional sole feeds wheat (w), rye (r), maize (m), or lupin seed (l), mixed with other ingredients to give diets with similar concentration of energy and crude protein. the fifth diet consisted exclusively of deep fro ...	1997	9304388
the effect of alternate-day low dose prednisolone on bone age in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome.	radius, ulna, short bones (rus), carpal (carp) bone age (ba), tibial cortico-diaphyseal (c/d) ratio and trabecular aspect were assessed in 19 children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome and 15 age matched healthy children. both rus and carp ba were significantly lower than in the controls. trabecular aspect and tibial c/d ratio did not show any statistical significance. there was a positive correlation between hsds and rus ba delay (r = -0.476, p < 0.05); carp ba delay and rus ba delay (r ...	1997	9285311
[the selective suppression of gaba on cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina].	intracellular recordings were made from horizontal cells in the superfused, isolated carp retina and effects of gaba on rod- and cone-driven horizontal cells were studied. bath-applied gaba (0.5-5 mmol/l) resulted in a hyperpolarization of dark membrane potential and a suppression of light responses of l-type cone horizontal cells. in 7 out of 10 cells tested the effects of gaba were completely blocked by bicuculline, an antagonist of gabaa receptors. in the presence of 0.5 mmol/l co2+, 2 mmol/l ...	1997	9863185
effects of sublethal copper exposure on copper accumulation, food consumption, growth, energy stores, and nucleic acid content in common carp.	juvenile common carp were exposed for 28 days to three different sublethal copper concentrations (0.20 microm, 0.55 microm, and 0.80 microm). food consumption was monitored on a daily basis during the exposure period, while growth, copper accumulation, energy stores, and nucleic acid contents were assessed weekly. copper exposure to 0. 80 microm affected both growth and feeding behavior in common carp. at 0.55 microm, growth was affected despite normal food consumption. even at the lowest copper ...	1997	9419260
identification of the midbrain locomotor nuclei and their descending pathways in the teleost carp, cyprinus carpio.	in order to identify the mesencephalic spinal pathways for initiation of swimming in the carp, we employed electrical and chemical microstimulation of the mesencephalic tegmentum. electrical stimulation of the midbrain in decerebrate carp produced bilateral or unilateral rhythmic movements of the tail. bilateral alternating movements were induced by stimulation with the lowest threshold currents to the brain region just beneath the third ventricle at the level of the mid mesencephalon. the regio ...	1997	9409698
megalocornea-mental retardation syndrome: an additional case report.	we report here on a japanese male infant with megalocornea-mental retardation (mmr) syndrome. he had megalocornea (corneal diameter: 13 mm) without glaucoma, developmental retardation, hypotonia, frontal bossing, high-arched palate, carp-like mouth, micrognathia, and delayed myelination. he seems to be included in verloes type of the mmr syndrome.	1997	12503196
carp experiment in space microgravity--a visual-vestibular sensory conflict model.	in the 8-d flight mission of spacelab-j (sts-47) conducted in 1992, behavior of the dorsal light response (dlr) and eeg activity of the cerebellum were intermittently examined for two carp, normal and otolith-removed. the latter carp had immobilization trouble caused by twisting of the eeg cable on day 2 inflight. the problem continued for the remainder of the experiment. analyses made on the normal carp provided additional evidence in fish for sensory-motor disorder and readjustment during earl ...	1997	11541765
dopamine receptor subtypes expressed in vertebrate (carp and eel) retinae: cloning, sequencing and comparison of five d1-like and three d2-like receptors.	eight dopamine receptor-like cdna clones were isolated from the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina and four dopamine receptor-like cdna clones were isolated from the european eel (anguilla anguilla) retina. these cdna clones show high sequence and structural homology to the known dopamine receptor subtypes. the sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis revealed that five subtypes (d1a3, d1a4, d1b, d1c and d1x) in the carp retina and four subtypes (d1a1, d1a2, d1b and d1c) in the eel retina are d1 ...	1998	9826915
characterization of mboi satellites in cirrhina mrigala and clarias batrachus (pisces).	we have cloned and characterized two highly reiterated, tandemly repeated, and a+t rich mboi dna fragments, one in cirrhina mrigala (cyprinidae), with a monomer size of 266 bp, and one in clarias batrachus (clariidae), with a monomer size of 227 bp. the mboi fragment in c. mrigala is species-specific and absent in other carps, such as catla catla and labeo rohita. the mboi fragment in c. batrachus was also present in two other catfishes tested, namely clarias gariepinus and heteropneustes fossil ...	1998	9549057
blastomeres and cells with mesendodermal fates of carp embryos express cth1, a member of the tis11 family of primary response genes.	the carp cth1 gene, related to the mammalian tis11 family of primary response genes, encodes a novel fish protein with two putative ccch zinc fingers. this report describes the rna expression of this gene during cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages of carp embryos. cth1 mrna is present in all cleavage stage blastomeres as a maternal message. after the late blastula stage, the maternal expression decreases, revealing a spot of higher expression at the margin of the blastoderm of the dome stage ...	1998	9551863
the carp homeobox gene ovx1 shows early expression during gastrulation and subsequently in the vagal lobe, the facial lobe and the ventral telencephalon.	the homeobox gene carp-ovx1 shows similarity to vertebrate and invertebrate ovx genes and to drosophila unplugged. its expression pattern was studied by in situ hybridization in carp embryos and juveniles. during segmentation, expression becomes gradually limited to the neural tube. in juveniles up to 9 weeks old, cells in the ventral telencephalon, the facial lobe and the vagal lobe show ovx1 expression, confining expression to parts with chemosensory projections.	1998	9518526
characterization of cyprinus carpio brain nitric oxide synthase.	nitric oxide synthase (nos) activity is found both in soluble and in particulate fractions of the carp brain. the km values for arginine are 2.8+/-0.5 and 3.3+/-0.4 microm for the soluble and particulate fractions, respectively. k for ng-monomethyl-l-arginine inhibitor are 2.6+/-0.5 and 2.9+/-0.6 microm, and activation energy for the breakdown of the substrate-enzyme complex 8120+/-710 and 4620+/-450 cal per mole. carp enzyme shows higher affinity than rat nos for ca2+ and for the competitive in ...	1998	9530929
internalization of aeromonas hydrophila by fish epithelial cells can be inhibited with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.	aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic in fish, causing motile aeromonad septicaemia. it can enter (invade) fish cells, and survive as an intracellular parasite. the host-pathogen interaction and signal transduction pathway were studied by screening signal transduction inhibitors using carp epithelial cells and a virulent strain of the bacterium, ppd134/91. genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, postponed internalization of a. hydrophila into host cells, suggesting ...	1998	9493367
round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) snf5 gene is oriented in a tail-to-tail manner with the set gene which encodes an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2a.	the round-spotted pufferfish tetraodon fluviatilis has a genome size of 380 mb which is slightly smaller than that of another pufferfish fugu rubripes rubripes (fugu). due to its compact genome and small introns, fugu has been introduced as a model for genome studies. recently, the round-spotted pufferfish has also been proposed as a new model for genome studies because of the ease in obtaining material and high-sequence homology to that of fugu. in this study, we have cloned and characterized t ...	1998	9468224
regulation of carab expression in escherichia coli occurs in part through utp-sensitive reiterative transcription.	in escherichia coli, expression of the carab operon is subject to cumulative repression, which occurs by argr-mediated repression at a downstream promoter, p2, and by pyrimidine-mediated regulation at an upstream promoter, p1. in this study, we show that pyrimidine-mediated regulation occurs in part through a mechanism involving utp-sensitive reiterative transcription (i.e., repetitive addition of u residues to the 3' end of a nascent transcript due to transcript-template slippage). in this case ...	1998	9457878
isolation and characterization of a novel bioactive peptide, carassius rfamide (c-rfa), from the brain of the japanese crucian carp.	a novel bioactive peptide with the c-terminal rfamide was isolated from the brain of the japanese crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii, by using the intestine of the fish as the bioassay system. the primary structure of the peptide was determined to be speidpfwyvgrgvrpigrfamide and it was designated carassius rfamide (c-rfa). the sequence of c-rfa was found to be significantly homologous to the molluscan neuropeptide termed achatina cardioexcitatory peptide 1 (acep-1). both peptides have ...	1998	9446813
genomic organization and characterization of the promoter region of the round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) jak1 kinase gene.	seventeen kilobases of genomic dna containing the promoter and the coding region of the round-spotted pufferfish jak1 gene was isolated and completely sequenced. this gene consists of 25 exons and 24 introns spanning about 13.5 kb, compared to > 30kb in carp jak1 gene. primer extension analysis revealed one transcription initiation site which was 376 bp upstream of the translation initiation site. the sequence of the 2.9 kb region upstream of the transcription initiation site contains numerous p ...	1998	9434151
ca2+-atpase activity and ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum in fish heart: effects of thermal acclimation.	this study was designed to compare the activities of sarcoplasmic (sr) ca2+-atpase and ca2+ uptake in fish and mammalian hearts and to determine whether thermal acclimation has any effect on the function of the cardiac sr in fish. to this end, we measured thapsigargin-sensitive ca2+-atpase activity and thapsigargin-inhibitable ca2+ uptake velocity in crude cardiac homogenates of newborn and adult rats and of two teleost fish (crucian carp and rainbow trout) acclimated to low (4 degrees c) and hi ...	1998	9438828
identification and spatial distribution of the mrna encoding the gp49 component of the gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, egg envelope.	a cdna encoding the precursor of one of the major components of gilthead sea bream, sparus aurata, egg envelope has been cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) techniques. the clone was isolated starting from total rna extracted from the liver of spawning female fish and estradiol-17 beta-treated male fish. sequence analysis revealed that the cdna encoded a protein of 405 aa corresponding to 49-kda component (termed gp49), a glycoprotein belonging to the n-linked type ...	1998	9406196
expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene.	early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/trafficking of b-amyloid precursor-protein (bapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-b fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was localized by ...	1998	9674592
pyrh-encoded ump-kinase directly participates in pyrimidine-specific modulation of promoter activity in escherichia coli.	the carab operon of the enterics escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2, encoding the sole carbamoylphosphate synthetase (cpsase) of these organisms, is transcribed from two promoters in tandem, carp1 upstream and carp2 downstream, repressed respectively by pyrimidines and arginine. we present evidence that the pyrh gene product (the hexameric ump-kinase) directly participates in the pyrimidine-specific control of carp1 activity. indeed, we have isolated in e. coli a particular typ ...	1998	9677289
brightness perceptive space in monkeys (rhesus macaques).	operant differentiation was used to study black/white stimulus intensity discrimination (over the range 1-37 cd/m2; cie-31 coordinates x = 0.340, y = 0.304) in two monkeys (rhesus macaques). confusion matrices were constructed from the probabilities that animals would make operant responses when required to select from pairs (a conditioned stimulus and one of 9 differentiation stimuli) of stimuli in 10 series of experiments with conditioned stimuli of 10 intensities. correlation matrices for vec ...	1998	9682233
estimation of the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs.	we studied the mutagenic potential of the trematode opisthorchis felineus in experimentally infected guinea pigs by chromosome analysis. the investigation was conducted on 30 treated (experimentally infected) and 20 normal (uninfected) guinea pigs (cavia porcellus). a sample of living metacercariae of o. felineus was obtained from the muscle of naturally infected crucian carp captured in the tom river, and 1 ml suspension containing approximately 50 metacercariae in 0.9% nacl solution was indivi ...	1998	9694374
identification and characterization of a receptor from goldfish specific for a teleost growth hormone-releasing hormone-like peptide.	in mammals, growth hormone-releasing hormone (ghrh), acting via the ghrh receptor, plays an important role in the regulation of growth hormone (gh) synthesis and secretion as well as the proliferation and differentiation of somatotropes in the pituitary. in fishes, information concerning the functional role of the characterized ghrhs is limited. for that reason, a putative goldfish ghrh receptor cdna was characterized in this study. the receptor cdna is 2,243 bp in length, encoding a 438-amino-a ...	1998	9695938
occurrence and significance of atypical aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review.	bacterial strains of aeromonas salmonicida included in the recognized subsp. acromogenes, subsp. masoucida, and subsp. smithia in addition to the large number of strains not included in any of the described subspecies are referred to as atypical a. salmonicida. the atypical strains form a very heterogeneous group with respect to biochemical characteristics, growth conditions, and production of extracellular proteasess. consequently, the present taxonomy of the species a. salmonicida is rather am ...	1998	9696626
studies on the occurrence of actinosporean stages of fish myxosporeans in a fish farm of hungary, with the description of triactinomyxon, raabeia, aurantiactinomyxon and neoactinomyxon types.	actinosporean infection of the oligochaete fauna living in the mud and on the vegetation of fish ponds used for rearing common carp in polyculture was studied during a one-year survey at a fish farm in hungary, located south of budapest. twenty-eight actinospore types were isolated from the oligochaetes tubifex tubifex, branchiura a sowerbyi, limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, nais elinguis, and stylaria lacustris collected during the survey, which could be classified into the triactinomyxon, raabeia, au ...	1998	9704528
effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone and prolactin synthesis in primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio.	the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) and its metabolites, cyclo(his-pro) and trh-oh, on growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) synthesis were investigated using primary cultured pituitary cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. the effects of these pep tides on gh and prl were compared to those of human gh-releasing hormone (hghrh) and somatostatin (somatotropin-releasing inhibiting factor; srif). gh and prl synthesis were determined by measuring the incorporation of [3h]leucin ...	1998	9707485
fish lesions in the chesapeake bay: pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and other etiologies.	ulcerative lesions and mass mortalities of atlantic estuarine fish, particularly menhaden (brevoortia tyrannus), have been associated with exposure to pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates and their toxins. we collected fish from the chicamacomico river, maryland, and observed solitary ulcerative lesions on the majority of menhaden sampled. one striped bass (morone saxatilis) had an area of reddening around the base of the dorsal fin. bluegill (lepomis machrochirus), channel catfish (ictalurus punctat ...	1998	9601194
[ultrastructural organization of cardiomyocytes in various lower vertebrates].	electron microscopy was used to study myocardium in cyprinus carpio, bufo bufo and lacerta agilis. myofibrils, mitochondria, nuclei and secretory granules in cardiomyocytes (cmc) of atrium and ventricle were analyzed quantitatively. amphibians and reptiles showed significant complication of both structural organization of cmc and intercellular contacts versus bony fish. the absence of t-systems in bony fish was noted.	1998	9621323
distribution of connexin43 immunoreactivity in the retinas of different vertebrates.	the distribution of connexin43 (cx43) was examined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy in the retinas of five different vertebrates by using a c-terminal specific peptide antibody. the specificity of the antibody was proved on immunoblots, in which it showed cross reactivity with a 43-kda protein in rat heart homogenates as well as in homogenates of rabbit, rat, chicken, turtle, and fish (carp and zebrafish) retinas. immunofluorescence histochemistry with retinal cryosections rev ...	1998	9624586
influence of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the form of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin of vertebrates.	the effect of phenoxyherbicides and their metabolites on the structure of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin was studied by using different doses and times of incubation of hemoglobin with the herbicide. it was ascertained that among the investigated hemoglobins the most sensitive was carp oxyhemoglobin incubated with 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and the least sensitive was human hemoglobin. comparing the toxicity of 2,4-d, mcpa (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), 2,4-dcp (2,4-dichlorophenol) ...	1998	9635129
modulation of chromatic difference in receptive field size of h1 horizontal cells in carp retina: dopamine- and apb-sensitive mechanisms.	chromatic aspects of receptive field size in the h1 horizontal cell syncytium of the carp retina were investigated using spectral photostimuli (blue or red) presented in the form of either a pair of a small spot and annulus, or a narrow moving slit. in the light-adapted retina, the receptive field for the blue stimulus was found to be significantly smaller than that for the red, i.e. there was a chromatic difference in the receptive field size. during the course of dark adaptation, the overall r ...	1998	9572576
thermal unfolding of three acclimation temperature-associated isoforms of carp light meromyosin expressed by recombinant dnas.	differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was performed to investigate thermodynamic properties of three carp fast skeletal light meromyosin (lmm) isoforms expressed in escherichia coli by recombinant dnas. three isoforms were the 10 degreesc-, intermediate-, and 30 degreesc-type lmm predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10, 20, and 30 degreesc. the isoforms expressed in e. coli by recombinant dnas exhibited a typical pattern of alpha-helix in cd spectroscopy with two minima at 222 and 208 ...	1998	9572878
effects of gamma irradiation on the flavor composition of food commodities.	fifteen food products including potato, sweet potato, shallot, onion, garlic, ginger, papaya, mango, rice, tobacco, small red bean, mungbean, soybean, wheat, flour and spices have been approved for irradiation by the national health administration in taiwan. market tests (wu et al., 1996) provided strong proof that taiwanese consumers would accept irradiated foods. however, researchers in the food industry are concerned about the possibility of chemical changes, especially in volatile compositio ...	1998	9598207
impact assessment of a wastewater treatment plant effluent using the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase: field and on-site experiments.	the impact of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluent was assessed with the fish biomarker ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) using field and on-site laboratory experiments. erod activity was measured in chub (leuciscus cephalus) and stone loach (noemacheilus barbatulus) caught at three sites of the chalaronne river (southeast france). liver somatic index (lsi) and organochloride bioaccumulation in muscle were estimated for chub only. in september, erod activity and lsi of chub increased s ...	1998	9756685
masp1 (mbl-associated serine protease 1).	mannose-binding lectin (mbl) is a serum component which participates in innate immunity by activating complement via a novel pathway. human mbl forms complexes with two types of serine proteases termed masp (mbl-associated serine protease). these two proteases, masp1 and masp2, are structurally similar to one another as well as to c1r and c1s. together, masp, c1r and c1s constitute a novel serine protease family. it is likely that human masp1 is able to activate c3, while human masp2 cleaves c4, ...	1998	9777417
changes of intestinal epithelial structure and cell turnover in carp cyprinus carpio infected with goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa).	epithelial cell turnover in the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio infected with the coccidian parasite goussia carpelli (leger & stankovitch, 1921) was investigated during laboratory infection using histological and electron microscopical techniques. during the development of the parasite an increased number of mitotic enterocytes, identified by bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) uptake, were observed at the base of infected mucosal folds. during the merogonic and gamogonic development of the paras ...	1998	9789977
expression and localization in the fish retina of a homologue of the alzheimer's related ps1 gene.	early-onset familial alzheimer's disease (early-onset fad) has been linked with mutations in the presenilin gene, ps1. mutations in ps1 may affect the processing/ trafficking of beta-amyloid precursor-protein (betaapp) and favour the production of toxic amyloid-beta fragments that are associated with neural degeneration. this study reports the expression of a ps1-like cdna in the carp (cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human ps1 protein). carp ps1 mrna was lo ...	1998	9804326
partial trisomy of chromosome 6q: an interstitial duplication of the long arm.	we report on a 5-year-old girl with a de novo interstitial duplication of chromosome 6q21-q23 and delayed development and speech with distinctive minor facial anomalies including a "carp" mouth. fluorescence in situ hybridization using a chromosome 6 paint probe confirms that the extra material is of chromosome 6 origin. this further delineates the dup(6q) syndrome and the manifestations due to the specific duplicated chromosomal region involved.	1998	9805129
purification of carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreatic lactate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.27).	lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, ec 1.1.1.27) was isolated in 86% purity from carp (cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas using agarose t-gel (mercaptoethanol bound to agarose via divinylsulphone) affinity chromatography medium and iontosorb phenyl hydrophobic chromatography medium. gel filtration chromatography of the ldh obtained shows molecular weight to be 26,900 da.	1998	9805350
ectoparasitic species of the genus trichodina (ciliophora: peritrichida) parasitising british freshwater fish.	seven species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in scotland, england and wales. species found include: trichodina acuta lom, 1961 from cyprinus carpio l., carassius auratus l., oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), salmo trutta l. and phoxinus phoxinus l.; trichodina domerguei wallengren, 1897 from gasterosteus aculeatus l.; trichodina tenuidens faure-fremiet, 1944 from gasterosteus aculea ...	1998	9805782
expression and distribution of parotid secretory proteins in experimental diabetes.	previous studies of experimental diabetes have demonstrated changes in the levels of specific salivary proteins. the present study is part of a larger effort aimed at elucidating the mechanism(s) by which insulin regulates salivary protein expression in the rat parotid gland. diabetes was induced in 2-3-month-old male fischer 344 rats by injection of streptozotocin (stz). after 30 days one group of rats was given insulin for 7 days. untreated rats served as controls. as previously observed, paro ...	1998	9825930
characterization of gammas-crystallin isoforms from a catfish: evolutionary comparison of various gamma-, gammas-, and beta-crystallins.	gammas-crystallin from catfish eye lenses, formerly designated betas-crystallin in mammalian lenses, is structurally characterized in this study by cdna cloning and sequencing. to facilitate sequence characterization of gammas-crystallin with structural properties lying between beta- and gamma-crystallins, a cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from catfish eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain nucleotide segments encod ...	1998	9826544
cloning, characterization, and expression in escherichia coli of three creatine kinase muscle isoenzyme cdnas from carp (cyprinus carpio) striated muscle.	in vertebrates, the creatine kinase isoenzyme family consists of four types of isoforms: cytosolic muscle type (m-ck), cytosolic brain type (b-ck), mitochondrial ubiquitous, acidic type (miu-ck), and mitochondrial sarcomeric, basic type (mis-ck). until recently, the existence of more than one subisoform of ck isoenzyme has been demonstrated only in fishes by starch gel electrophoresis. we report herein the isolation of three full-length cdnas that correspond to three closely related creatine kin ...	1998	9837966
concurrent invaders--four exotic species of monogenea now established on exotic freshwater fishes in australia.	four species of exotic monogeneans are reported from five species of exotic freshwater fish in australia: gytrodactylus bullatarudis from poecilia reticulata and xiphophorus helleri in queensland; gyrodactylus macracanthus from misgurnus anguillicaudatus in the australian capital territory; dactylogyrus extensus from cyprinus carpio in the australian capital territory; and dactylogyrus anchoratus from carassius auratus in the australian capital territory. this is the first published record of de ...	1998	9846613
internalization and cytotoxicity are important virulence mechanisms in vibrio-fish epithelial cell interactions.	vibrio anguillarum and vibrio damselae are gram-negative bacteria that cause systemic infections called vibriosis in fish. they can enter fish cells and survive as intracellular parasites. the host-pathogen interactions between these vibrio species and the fish epithelial cell lines epithelioma papillosum of carp (epc) and grunt-fin tissue (gf) cells, were examined using phase-contrast, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. in addition, potential signal transduction pathways that precede ba ...	1998	9846734
production of a biologically active novel goldfish growth hormone in escherichia coli.	goldfish pituitary contains two types of growth hormones. one with five cysteine residues (type-i) similar to other cyprinid ghs, and the other with four cys residues (type-ii) similar to those of other fish and tertapod species. recombinant goldfish type ii gh (gfgh-ii) was produced in escherichia coli using the prsetb expression vector. the gfgh-ii was produced fused to a leader sequence, which sequestered into inclusion bodies after expression. the inclusion bodies were solubilized using sodi ...	1998	9854813
carp coccidiosis: longevity and transmission of goussia carpelli (apicomplexa: coccidia) in the pond environment.		1998	9868794
sequence and tissue expression of a novel human carbonic anhydrase-related protein, carp-2, mapping to chromosome 19q13.3.	in this study, we report the identification and characterisation of a novel carbonic anhydrase related-protein. we have determined that the full length coding sequence of an anonymous expressed sequenced tag, d19s799e, encodes a novel carbonic anhydrase related-protein (carp-2) that is 328 amino acids in length. this peptide exhibits between 23.1-28.8% amino acid identity with the seven active human carbonic anhydrase (ca) isozymes. four substitutions of key amino acids in the catalytic domain o ...	1998	9878543
histopathology of sanguinicola inermis infection in carp, cyprinus carpio.	the histopathological response of carp to sanguinicola inermis was investigated by serial sectioning laboratory infected fish up to 90 days post infection (d p.i.). juvenile flukes and adults caused mechanical damage to tissues during invasion and migration up to 28 d p.i. adults partially occluded blood vessels and may have reduced blood circulation. in the initial phase of egg production (28-42 d p.i.), eggs and emigrating miracidia in gill tissue caused breakdown of vascular integrity, necros ...	1998	9639898
qsar study of the toxicity of benzoic acids to vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and carp.	the toxicities of benzoic acids to vibrio fischeri, daphnia magna and carp were measured. the results showed that the toxicity to v. fischeri and daphnia decreased in the order of bromo > chloro > fluoro approximately equal to aminobenzoic acids. the toxicity of substituted benzoic acids to carp and daphnia was much lower that to v. fischeri. the results also showed that the toxicity of benzoic acids to daphnia decreased as the ph increased. it is suggested that ionized and non-ionized forms hav ...	1998	9646529
multigenerational study of the effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp from saginaw bay, lake huron, on mink. 1. effects on mink reproduction, kit growth and survival, and selected biological parameters.	this study was conducted to determine the multigenerational effects of consumption of pcb-contaminated carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay (lake huron) on mink (mustela vison) reproduction and health and to examine selected biomarkers as potential indicators of polyhalogenated hydrocarbon toxicity in mink. the mink were fed diets formulated to provide 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) through substitution of saginaw bay carp for ocean fish in the diets. to d ...	1998	9650571
virulence and antigenic characteristics of a cultured rickettsiales-like organism isolated from farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar in eastern canada.	the present study describes culture, virulence and antigenic characteristics of a rickettsiales-like organism (rlo) associated with mortality in farmed atlantic salmon in eastern canada. clinical disease was reproduced in naive atlantic salmon parr by intraperitoneal i.p. inoculation with kidney homogenate from naturally infected fish. pure cultures of rlo were isolated into chinook salmon embryo (chse) cells from kidney of experimentally infected fish. the rlo caused cytopathic effect in cultur ...	1998	9653456
[the dynamics of the ectoparasite count and the protein level in the blood serum of infested carp under experimental conditions].	carps of one and two years age used for laboratory experiments were collected in winter time. 7 groups of carps of one year age were examined each 10th day during 70 days and 5 groups of two years age were examined each 15 days during 75 days. in carps of one year age the increase of different parasites was observed in different time: dactylogyrus extensus--after 40 and 70 days, icthyophthirius multifiliis--after 50 days, trichodina sp.--after 60 days. in carps of two years age the increase of a ...	1998	10206854
effect of different concentrations of cryoprotectant and extender on the hatching of indian major carp embryos (labeo rohita, catla catla, and cirrhinus mrigala) stored at low temperature	rohu (labeo rohita), catla (catla catla) and mrigal (cirrhinus mrigala) embryos were examined for hatching success after short-term (8-13 h) storage at low temperature (4 degreesc) using three concentrations of three cryoprotectants, methanol (1, 2, and 3 m), dimethyl sulfoxide (1.282, 1.923, and 2.564 m, equal to 10, 15, and 20%), and glycerol (1.087, 1.63, and 2.174 m, equal to 10, 15, and 20%), separately as well as together with a single concentration of sucrose (0.5 m). the aim was to deter ...	1998	9917348
goussia carpelli (protozoa: coccidia) infection in stressed and immunosuppressed common carp cyprinus carpio.	goussia carpelli causes enteritic coccidiosis in juvenile carp. in nature it affects carp fry (1 to 2 mo old) and fish (3 to 4 mo old) which are subjected to environmental stress. carp treated with corticosteroids or subjected to temperature stress in the laboratory produced higher numbers of oocysts during the primary infection. resistance to reinfection via the fecal contamination route, however, was not reduced by the application of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, or x-ray irradiation given bo ...	1998	9925425
cyclic amp-receptor responses to hypergravity.	altered gravity (g) encountered during spaceflight causes physiologic changes in humans and in experimental animals. in addition to weightlessness (0g) in space, sharply increased g forces are exerted on the spacecraft during the lift-off and reentry phases. previous studies showed major changes in camp-associated activity of rat heart muscle after spaceflight, indicating that (hormone) signaling pathways may have been affected.	1998	10776450
cyclic amp-receptor proteins in the enamel matrix.	cyclic amp receptor proteins (carp) are present in a variety of cell types. intracellularly, they are the regulatory (r) subunits of type ii cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka: e.c.2.7.1.37). additionally, carp are secretory products of several cell types.[1] that carp are present in and secreted by ameloblasts into the enamel matrix of the rat incisor was demonstrated by photoaffinity labeling, western blotting and immunogold cytochemistry. gold particles were present over cytoplasmic reg ...	1998	11063036
cultivation of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma carassii, a common parasite of freshwater fish.	trypanosoma carassii (syn. t. danilewskyi) is a widespread parasite of carp and other cyprinid as well as some noncyprinid freshwater fish. it lives extracellularly in the blood and tissues of its hosts, causing chronic infections. in this paper the isolation of t. carassii from fish blood and the propagation and cloning of bloodstream forms in vitro are described. by several criteria, cultured and fish-derived trypomastigotes are indistinguishable. the culture system should be useful for the bi ...	1998	9610629
reduction of stress response in carp,cyprinus carpiol., held under deteriorating environmental conditions, by oral administration of bovine lactoferrin.	bovine lactoferrin (lf) was evaluated for its ability to suppress stress reactions in carp, cyprinus carpio l., held under deteriorating environmental conditions. three test diets containing different levels of lf (0.01, 0.1 and 1%) were fed at 2% of fish body weight per day, i.e. lf at 2, 20 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) was administered orally to carp for 14 days at 20 °c. in the fish reared at a density of 2 individuals 10 l(-1) , plasma cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline decrease ...	1998	21361970
short communicationgill lesions in common carp, cyprinus carpio l., in mexico due to the metacercariae of centrocestus formosanus.		1998	21361978
[zinc modulation of gaba receptors expressed in xenopus oocytes injected with carp brain poly(a)+ rna].	two types of gaba receptors, gabaa receptors (approximately 85%) and gabac-like receptors (approximately 15%), were expressed in xenopus oocytes after injection of poly(a)+ rna with carp (carassius carassius) brain. using voltage-clamp technique and pharmacological methods, the effects of zinc on the two receptors were studied. it was found that zinc modulation of both gabaa and gabac-like receptors by zinc was inhibitory and reversible with the former being stronger than the latter as indicated ...	1998	11324566
l-type ca2+ current in fish cardiac myocytes: effects of thermal acclimation and beta-adrenergic stimulation.	a patch-clamp analysis of l-type ca2+ current in ventricular myocytes of cold- and warm-acclimated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and crucian carp (carassius carassius) hearts was performed. trout were acclimated at 4 and 17 degrees c and carp at 4 and 24 degrees c for a minimum of 4 weeks. ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic dissociation using collagenase and trypsin. marked species-specific differences were noted in ca2+ current density and its ss-adrenergic regulation. the de ...	1998	9438829
toxicity of ozone to fish larvae and daphnia magna.	ozone can be used as an alternative to chlorination to control biofouling in cooling water systems. the possible negative environmental impact of a discharge of ozone-containing cooling water was investigated. the acute toxicity of dissolved ozone was determined for fish larvae of three species [cyprinus carpio (at 27 degrees c), leuciscus idus (at 27 degrees c) and clarias gariepinus (at 32 degrees c)] and to daphnia magna (at 21 and 27 degrees c). the results indicate that ozone is very harmfu ...	1998	9756705
desensitization of ampa receptors on horizontal cells isolated from crucian carp retina.	in horizontal cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded the whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and kainate. currents induced by glutamate and ampa, but not by kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization. 1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methylcarbamyl- 4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydro-5h-2,3-benzodiazepine (gyki 53655), a selective ampa receptor antagonist, was fou ...	1998	9700718
influence of dioxin and metal-contaminated sediment on phase i and ii biotransformation enzymes in silver crucian carp.	several biochemical responses were measured in silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) after exposure to sediments obtained from contaminated ya-er lake, no. 1 pond, and an unpolluted reference site, honglian lake. after 1 week of exposure, a significant induction of the phase i biotransformation enzyme (ethoxylresorufin-o-deethylase, erod) was found (83-fold of control), whereas the phase ii biotransformation enzyme (glutathione s-transferase, gst) exhibited a slight, but significant in ...	1998	9679686
characterization of repetitive dna sequences carrying 5s rdna of the triploid ginbuna (japanese silver crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfi).	repetitive dna sequences (hi-b; 209 bp in length) were isolated from the hindiii digests of the genomic dna of the triploid ginbuna, carassius auratus langsdorfi. sequence analyses revealed that the hi-b repetitive units were comprised of the complete coding regions of 5s rdna (120 bp in size) and their 5'flanking regions. the sequences of the hi-b units from the same individual were highly homogeneous. southern blot hybridization to the hi-b probe displayed intricate patterns that represented t ...	1998	9546204
[comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis].	isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ...	1998	12016959
the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome from a gynogenetic triploid "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi).	the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the gynogenetic triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi, az3 line) has been cloned and sequenced. the genome consisted of 16,578 bp and encoded the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rrnas and 22 trnas) in addition to a d-loop region, as described for other vertebrate mtdnas. comparison with other teleost mtdnas demonstrated that the protein/rrna-coding regions of the ginbuna were highly homologous both in length and nucleotide composition to those ...	1998	18465995
effects of exhausting exercise and catecholamines on k+ balance, acid-base status and blood respiratory properties in carp.	the potential role of adrenergic mechanisms in the recovery of potassium balance and acid-base status following 5 min of exhausting exercise was studied in carp. the extracellular metabolic h+ load after exercise matched the lactate load, suggesting similar release rates of h+ and lactate from white muscle. blockage of alpha-adrenoceptors by phentolamine or beta-adrenoceptors by propranolol neither influenced absolute magnitudes nor recovery kinetics of extracellular h+ and lactate loads. the ar ...	1998	11253799
susceptibility of opioid peptides and myofibrillar proteins to carp cathepsin l.	the ability of carp cathepsin l to degrade opioid peptides and separate myofibrillar proteins was examined. the enzyme differentially released fragments from leucine-enkephalin, alpha-neoendorphin, and dynorphin, in which the common cleavage site of the enzyme was determined to be a gly2-gly3 bond. a leu5-arg6 bond in alpha-neoendorphin and dynorphin was also commonly cleaved by the enzyme. at a protein ratio of the enzyme to myofibrillar protein of 1:500, the preferences of the enzyme appeared ...	1998	10554251
chilling sensitivity of carp (cyprinus carpio) embryos at different developmental stages in the presence or absence of cryoprotectants: work in progress.	the unsolved problem of cryopreservation of the yolk-rich teleost embryos may be related, in part, to their sensitivity to chilling and cryoprotective agents. the aim of this study was to gain data on the sensitivity of carp embryos to low temperatures at different developmental stages and on the possible protective and toxic effects of cryoprotectants. a total of 86,400 morulae, half-epiboly and heartbeat-stage embryos was selected and then placed in water or in 1 m methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide ...	1998	10734469
assembly of a complete zebrafish mitochondrial 16s rrna gene from overlapping expressed sequence tags.	a complete zebrafish mitochondrial 16s ribosomal rna gene was assembled from our existing zebrafish est clones by aligning them with the carp mitochondria 16s rrna sequence. the overall homology between our assembled zebrafish mt 16s rrna and the carp mt 16s rrna is 83.5%. as the number of zebrafish ests grows, the assembly of more full-length cdna sequences from overlapping est data could be expected.	1998	10520744
cloning and expression of a novel neurotrophin, nt-7, from carp.	neurotrophins have been demonstrated to play important roles in the development and functioning of the nervous system. this family of proteins consists of four homologous members in mammals: ngf, bdnf, nt-3, and nt-4/5. a new member, called nt-6, was recently cloned from the platyfish xiphophorus maculatus. this protein shares closer structural relationship to ngf than the other neurotrophins, but contains a characteristic insertion of 22 amino acids that constituted the heparin-binding domain. ...	1998	12546061
surgical removal of an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma from a koi carp (cyprinus carpio).	an undifferentiated abdominal sarcoma was removed surgically from a koi carp. the diagnostic procedures, including radiography and computed tomography, and the procedures for general anaesthesia and the surgical approach for a celiotomy in a fish are described. the gross and microscopic appearance of the tumour is described and illustrated.	1998	9854318
distinctive catalytic actions of carp dipeptidases from ordinary muscle and intestine.	although carp muscular and intestinal dipeptidases are metalloenzymes acting only on dipeptides, some structural and enzymatic differences occur between them. the present study verifies distinctive actions during dipeptide hydrolysis by these enzymes in terms of their kinetic characterization. the intestinal enzyme was differentially inhibited by edta and 1,10-phenanthroline, whereas these compounds induced a similar level inhibition of the muscular enzyme. the km and vmax values of both enzymes ...	1998	9701637
purification and characterization of a novel dipeptidase from carp ordinary muscle.	a novel dipeptidase was purified to homogeneity from the crude extract of carp ordinary muscle with an increase in specific activity of 4041-fold and a 4% recovery rate. the enzyme was determined to have molecular weights of 54,000 after reduction and 106,000 without reduction, indicating that it is composed of two sulfide-linking molecules of subunit peptide chains of identical molar size. the optimum hydrolysis ph and temperature of the enzyme were evaluated by l-leucine-glycine to be ph 8.5 a ...	1998	9701633
characterization of the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump in bipolar cells isolated from carp retina.	the electrogenic na+ -k+ pump current (ip) in carp bipolar cells was investigated under voltage-clamp conditions. the ip was activated in a concentration-dependent manner by adding external k+ (ko+) and was completely suppressed with 10(-4) m ouabain (ec50=1.23 mm; hill coefficient=1.36). the ip was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by ouabain (ic50=1.90 mm; hill coefficient=0.93). the ip did not show a distinct voltage dependency either with or without na(o)+. a large outward shift ...	1998	9833634