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th17: a new participant in gut dysfunction in mice infected with trichinella spiralis.trichinella spiralis infection in rodents is a well-known model of intestinal inflammation associated with hypermotility. our aim was to elucidate if th17 cells were involved in the development of gastrointestinal hypermotility in this experimental model. intestinal inflammation was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (he) staining. jejunal smooth muscle contractility was investigated in response to acetylcholine (ach). the effects of il-17 on jejunum smooth muscle contractility were explored. flow cy ...200920016839
review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea.zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ...200919885329
[establishment of irritable bowel syndrome rat model by combination of intestinal infection with trichinella spiralis and acute stress].to establish the irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) rat model by the combination of acute stress and transient intestinal infection with trichinella spiralis (t.s.).200920137711
[development of efficient dna isolation procedures for cryptosporidium and trichinella pcr detection in fecal samples].pcr detection of genetic material of the parasites present in faeces may be an alternative for microscopic and serological tests routinely used for diagnosing parasitic enteral infections. however, small amount of target dna combined with low efficiency of total dna extraction, and presence of pcr inhibitors in the samples to be amplified, may cause false negative detection results. the aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of dna isolation procedure used on the amplification of dna fragme ...200920120929
nip45 controls the magnitude of the type 2 t helper cell response.nuclear factor of activated t cell (nfat) transcription factors are key regulators of gene transcription within immune cells. the nfat-interacting protein, (nip45), augments nfat-driven il-4 expression by a mechanism that relies on arginine methylation. to establish the function of nip45 in vivo, we generated mice with a targeted deletion of the gene encoding this cofactor. nip45-deficient t helper cells displayed profound defects in the expression of nfat-regulated cytokine genes, including il- ...201020133688
alteration of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters in rat ileum induced by acute stress following transient intestinal infection is mast cell dependent.mast cells are implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), which is associated with the activation of the "neural-immune" system. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells in the remodeling of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters induced by acute cold restriction stress (acrs) post infection (pi) using mast cell deficient rats (ws/ws) and their wild-type controls (+/+).201020137376
molecular cloning and characterization of transgelin-like proteins mainly transcribed in newborn larvae of trichinella spp.a cdna library was constructed from trichinella pseudospiralis muscle larvae. one cdna clone, designated tp4, contained a cdna transcript of 783bp in length, with a single open reading frame that encoded 153 amino acids (16,793da as the estimated molecular mass). the predicted amino acid sequence of tp4 showed that the clone had a calponin homology domain and was approximately 50% identical to the transgelin-like proteins (calponin-family members) present in bombyx mori or tribolium castaneum. a ...201021242032
[in vitro effect of immune sera on the invasion of trichinella spiralis infective larvae into intestinal epithelial cells and their development].to observe the effect of sera from mice immunized with excretory-secretory (es) antigen or surface antigen of trichinella spiralis larvae on the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro by the larvae and on their development.201021351546
u12 type introns were lost at multiple occasions during evolution.two categories of introns are known, a common u2 type and a rare u12 type. these two types of introns are removed by distinct spliceosomes. the phylogenetic distribution of spliceosomal rnas that are characteristic of the u12 spliceosome, i.e. the u11, u12, u4atac and u6atac rnas, suggest that u12 spliceosomes were lost in many phylogenetic groups. we have now examined the distribution of u2 and u12 introns in many of these groups.201020149226
trichinella infection in wild boars (sus scrofa) from a protected area of argentina and its relationship with the presence of humans.in argentina, trichinella infection has been documented in humans and animals of several provinces since 1930. this zoonotic parasite infection has been recently detected in humans and pigs of a region historically considered as trichinella-free, suggesting the spread of these pathogens. the aim of the present work was to investigate the presence of trichinella infection in wild boars (sus scrofa) and in the human population living in a protected area. trichinella infection has been investigated ...201020153119
phosphorylation of thymidylate synthase from various sources by human protein kinase ck2 and its catalytic subunits.thymidylate synthase (ts) was found to be a substrate for both catalytic subunits of human ck2, with phosphorylation by ck2alpha and ck2alpha' characterized by similar k(m) values, 4.6microm and 4.2microm, respectively, but different efficiencies, the apparent turnover number with ck2alpha being 10-fold higher. with both catalytic subunits, phosphorylation of human ts, like calmodulin and bid, was strongly inhibited in the presence of the regulatory subunit ck2beta, the holoenzyme being activate ...201020199796
the role of pathogenic microbes and commensal bacteria in irritable bowel syndrome.irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) reflects several pathogenetic entities including a subgroup with low-grade colonic inflammation. we propose that pathogenic bacteria act as triggers and that disturbances of commensal bacteria maintain low-grade inflammation, that in turn leads to dysfunction in the gut or brain.201020203502
evaluation of fermentation, drying, and/or high pressure processing on viability of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and trichinella spiralis in raw pork and genoa salami.we evaluated the effectiveness of fermentation, drying, and high pressure processing (hpp) to inactivate listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and trichinella spiralis in genoa salami produced with trichinae-infected pork. in addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of using hpp to inactivate t. spiralis larvae in pig masseter tissue. in part a, genoa salami batter (about 2.3 log larvae/g) prepared with trichinae-infected pork was separately spiked with a five-strain ...201020207436
high prevalence of anti-trichinella igg in domestic pigs of the son la province, vietnam.although several outbreaks of trichinella infection among humans have occurred in northwestern vietnam, no information is available on the circulation of trichinella among domestic pigs. the objective of the present study was to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-trichinella igg in free-roaming pigs (sus scrofa) in the son la province of northwestern vietnam, where a human outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in june 2008. serum samples were collected from free-roaming pigs of four communes of t ...201019962244
parasite challenge as host resistance models for immunotoxicity testing.identification of potentially immunosuppressive compounds typically involves assessing a combination of observational endpoints as surrogates for functional endpoints and functional endpoints as surrogates for resistance to infectious or neoplastic disease. host resistance assays are considered to be the "gold standard" against which suppression of immune function at the molecular or cellular level can be judged, because resistance to infection, regardless of the actual pathogen, involves multip ...201019967510
cessation of trichinella spiralis transmission among scavenging mammals after the removal of infected pigs from a poorly managed farm: implications for trichinae transmission in the us.pigs infected with the zoonotic parasite trichinella spiralis were detected on a farm in maryland during an animal welfare investigation. sera and/or tissues were collected from 49 pigs and three pig carcasses (7 weeks of age to adult, mixed sex). the tissues were tested for the presence of t. spiralis muscle larvae (ml) by tissue digestion, and the sera were tested for the presence of anti-trichinella antibodies by elisa. seventeen of 50 (34%) pigs were infected with t. spiralis based on tissue ...201019968844
trichinella spiralis: immune response and protective immunity elicited by recombinant paramyosin formulated with different adjuvants.our previous studies showed that immunization with recombinant paramyosin from trichinella spiralis (rts-pmy) formulated with freund's adjuvant significantly reduced larval burden in mice after t. spiralis larval challenge. since freund's adjuvant is toxic and not a suitable adjuvant for clinical vaccine trials, we evaluated the ability of the adjuvants montanide isa206 and isa720 to stimulate immune responses during rts-pmy immunization and to enhance protective immunity. the results revealed t ...201020045697
selenium supplementation at low doses contributes to the antioxidant status in trichinella spiralis-infected rats.selenium (se) supplementation may prevent the formation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation processes in trichinellosis. the oxidative-antioxidant status of male wistar rats infected or uninfected with trichinella spiralis (nematoda) and supplemented or unsupplemented with sel-plex (alltech) was tested through blood biomarkers. sel-plex was applied to restore antioxidant defense system. the oxidative marker was malondialdehyde (mda) concentration. the antioxidant markers were superoxide dism ...201020054563
deep resequencing of trichinella spiralis reveals previously un-described single nucleotide polymorphisms and intra-isolate variation within the mitochondrial genome.the phylogeny and historical dispersal of trichinella spp. have been studied, in part, by sequencing portions of the mitochondrial genome. such studies rely on two untested beliefs: that variation in a portion is representative of the entire mitochondrial genome, and that each isolate is characterized by only one mitochondrial haplotype. we have used next generation dna sequencing technology to obtain the complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a second isolate of t. spiralis. by aligning it ...201020083232
oral vaccination with ts87 dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium elicits a protective immune response against trichinella spiralis larval challenge.we have previously reported that ts87 is an immunodominant antigen that induces protective immunity against trichinella spiralis larval challenge. in this study, the ts87 gene was cloned into an expression plasmid, pvax1, and the recombinant ts87 dna was transformed into attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain sl7207. oral immunization of mice with ts87 dna delivered in s. typhimurium elicited a significant local mucosal iga response and a systemic th1/th2 immune response. cytokine profiling al ...201020105428
molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of small gtpase protein tscdc42 from trichinella spiralis.a full-length of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (tscdc42) encoding a putative rho-family small gtpase gene cdc42 was isolated from trichinella spiralis, an economically important parasitic nematode of zoonosis. the uninterrupted open reading frame of tscdc42 encodes a predicted protein of 147 amino acids and containing a highly conserved domain of cdc42. comparison with selected sequences from the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, xenopus laevis, danio re ...201020111874
trichinella spiralis: infection reduces airway allergic inflammation in mice.in an effort to define the mechanism underlying the host immune downregulation inherent to trichinella spiralis infection, we compared the levels of th1, th2, and regulatory cytokines and cd4(+)cd25(+) forkhead box p3 (foxp3)(+) t (t(reg)) cell recruitment, as well as cellular pathology in the airway between t. spiralis infected and uninfected asthma-induced mice. after the induction of allergic airway inflammation, we noted influxes of inflammatory cells into the peribronchial tree. however, in ...201021044628
monoclonal antibodies against excretory/secretory antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis.in the present study, four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against the excretory/secretory (es) products of angiostrongylus cantonensis adult worms; two represented igg1 and two represented igm mabs, and they were designated 12d5, 15f8, 21b7 and 14g10, respectively. immunoblotting revealed that all of the mabs predominantly recognized a 98 kda antigen in the es products of a. cantonensis adult worms, and no cross reactions were found with the whole worm antigens of some other ...201021050048
identification of trichinella spiralis early antigens at the pre-adult and adult stages.three expression cdna libraries from trichinella spiralis worms 14 h, 20 h and 48 h post-infection (p.i.) were screened with serum from pigs experimentally infected with 20,000 t. spiralis muscle larvae. twenty-nine positive clones were isolated from the 14 h p.i. cdna library, corresponding to 8 different genes. a putative excretory-secretory protein similar to that of t. pseudospiralis was identified. three clones corresponded to a t. spiralis serine proteinase inhibitor known to be involved i ...201021092349
[altered expression of intestinal cytokines in development of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome mouse model].to observe the expression of th1 type cytokine il-12 and th2 type cytokine il-4 in different development phases of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome in mouse model.201021092513
intensive swine production and pork safety.major structural changes in livestock production in developed countries, particularly intensive confinement production and increases in herd and flock sizes, have raised several societal concerns about the future directions and implications of livestock food production, including the safety of meat products. this review of the major parasitic and bacterial foodborne pathogens associated with pork production indicates that pork safety in the united states has improved demonstrably over recent dec ...201021117987
serodiagnosis of experimental sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by elisa using es antigens of spirometra mansoni spargana.we conducted a study of serodiagnosis of experimental sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using excretory-secretory (es) antigens of spirometra mansoni spargana and compared the sensitivity and specificity of crude and es antigens for detecting the specific anti-sparganum igg antibodies. by crude antigen elisa and es antigen elisa, anti-sparganum igg was detected in all of 30 serum samples of the infected mice; no cross-reactions were o ...201021181193
changes in the activity and kinetics of mouse intestinal glutathione transferase during experimental trichinellosis.the glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are a group of multifunctional enzymes, which play a critical role in cellular detoxification. our investigations deal with the contribution of gst in the biochemical defense against trichinella spiralis infection. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of t. spiralis infection on the total activity and kinetic properties of cytosolic gst in the intestine during the intestinal phase of experimental trichinellosis in mice. our results showed a statis ...201021181194
studies on 6-chloro-5-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin association: characterization, molecular modeling studies, and in vivo anthelminthic activity.the purpose of this work is to study the molecular association that occurs between 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (hpβcd) and 6-chloro-5-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole (rcb20), an antiparasitic compound recently found by our research group, with poor aqueous solubility. the complex stability constant and stoichiometric ratio determined by phase-solubility diagram and job's plot provided evidence that hpβcd enhanced water solubility of rcb20 through inclusion complex formati ...201021190860
incidental trichinellosis of strap muscle identified after thyroglossal duct cyst excision.(1) present a unique case of a thyroglossal duct cyst (tgdc) excised for recurrent infections with trichinella spiralis in adjacent strap muscle; (2) review the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of subclinical trichinellosis of the head and neck.201021225756
protein change of intestinal epithelial cells induced in vitro by trichinella spiralis infective larvae.the aim of this study was to observe the protein changes of intestinal epithelial cells induced in vitro by trichinella spiralis infective larvae and their excretory-secretory (es) or surface antigens and identity the proteins related with invasion. hct-8 cells were incubated for 2 h in the culture medium contained es or surface antigens of infective larvae, and observed by immunofluorescent test (ift). the infective larvae were inoculated into culture of hct-8 cells to incubate for 18 h, and th ...201020922411
changed crystallinity of mebendazole solid dispersion: improved anthelmintic activity.to improve the efficacy of mebendazole (mbz), a poorly water-soluble drug, mbz solid dispersions containing different proportions of low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (l-hpc) were prepared by lyophilization process. the physical characteristics of recrystallized mbz, and solid dispersions (sd) at different mbz:l-hpc proportions were investigated in terms of morphology (scanning electron microscopy, sem), powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and dissolution ...201020934497
temporal quantification of ts43 gene expression of trichinella spiralis using real-time rt-qpcr.determination of the transcription level of trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) ts43 gene is essential for understanding its poorly explained role in different developmental stage. herein we report on measurement of t. spiralis ts43 mrna by adapting a relative quantitative real-time reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). total rna was isolated from the samples of adult worms, newborn larvae and muscle larvae of t. spiralis and ts43 mrna was quantified by real-time rt-pcr us ...201020940023
microarray analysis of nf-kappab signaling pathways in pbmc of mice infected by trichinella spiralis.the nf-kappaβ pathway gene expression profiles were compared between 10, 20 and 39 days after trichinella spiralis experimental infection in balb/c mice. out of 128 genes, 19 (14.8%) genes were present in non-infected and post-infected mice. the expression of 7 (36.8%) genes was downregulated 10 and 20 days post-infection while 3 (15.8%) genes were upregulated 39 days post-infection. the present study lists the candidate genes of the nf-kappab signaling pathway that were commonly and differentia ...201020943053
next-generation sequencing of the trichinella murrelli mitochondrial genome allows comprehensive comparison of its divergence from the principal agent of human trichinellosis, trichinella spiralis.the mitochondrial genome's non-recombinant mode of inheritance and relatively rapid rate of evolution has promoted its use as a marker for studying the biogeographic history and evolutionary interrelationships among many metazoan species. a modest portion of the mitochondrial genome has been defined for 12 species and genotypes of parasites in the genus trichinella, but its adequacy in representing the mitochondrial genome as a whole remains unclear, as the complete coding sequence has been char ...201020946970
synthesis, antitrichinnellosis and antiprotozoal activity of some novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones containing benzimidazole ring.some novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones containing benzimidazol-2-yl-thioethyl- and benzimidazol-2-yl-methanethioethyl moiety in second position of the pyrimidine ring were synthesized in order to determine their antitrichinellosis and antiprotozoal effects. the structures of the compounds were confirmed by ir, (1)h nmr and elemental analysis. the antiparasitic screening showed that the benzimidazole derivatives of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones exhibited higher activity against trichine ...201020950896
a novel secretory poly-cysteine and histidine-tailed metalloprotein (ts-pchtp) from trichinella spiralis (nematoda).trichinella spiralis is an unusual parasitic intracellular nematode causing dedifferentiation of the host myofiber. trichinella proteomic analyses have identified proteins that act at the interface between the parasite and the host and are probably important for the infection and pathogenesis. many parasitic proteins, including a number of metalloproteins are unique for the nematodes and trichinellids and therefore present good targets for future therapeutic developments. furthermore, detailed i ...201020967224
development of cellular immune response of mice to infection with low doses of trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi and trichinella pseudospiralis larvae.the murine cellular immune response to the infection with ten larvae of encapsulating (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi) and non-encapsulating species (trichinella pseudospiralis) was studied. both t. spiralis and t. britovi stimulated the proliferation of splenic t and b lymphocytes during the intestinal phase of infection, but t. spiralis activated the proliferative response also at the muscle phase, particularly in b cells. non-encapsulating t. pseudospiralis stimulated the prolifera ...201020967464
effect of methanolic extract of balanites aegyptiaca fruits on enteral and parenteral stages of trichinella spiralis in rats.there is a considerable interest in developing new anthelmintic drugs including those from medicinal plants due to increasing evidence of parasitic resistance against present anthelmintic drugs and decreasing activity against encapsulated larval stages of parasites. this study was carried out to assess, for the first time, the effectiveness of methanolic extract of balanites aegyptiaca (bae) fruits against different stages (pre-adult, migrating larvae, and encysted larvae) of trichinella spirali ...201020349194
expression and functional characterization of a rho-family small gtpase cdc42 from trichinella spiralis.a full-length cdna encoding a rho-family small gtpase gene cdc42 of trichinella spiralis was expressed in e. coli. the recombinant protein of tscdc42 was purified and used to raise the polyclonal antibodies. the expression of tscdc42 in different stages of parasite was investigated. the western blot showed that tscdc42 was expressed in all stages of t. spiralis, including newborn larvae, muscle larvae and adult worms. the immuno-localization revealed that tscdc42 was ubiquitously distributed in ...201020369253
evidence of trichinella spiralis in timis county, romania: a report of a winter trichinellosis outbreak in 2008 due to consumption of contaminated pork.a trichinellosis outbreak occurred in early 2008 in two villages in timis county, romania, due to consumption of pork from an infected animal. the infective species, detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, was trichinella spiralis (isolate code iss 1951). this report presents an extensive characterization of the outbreak using the documents of the epidemiological investigation and the medical charts of the hospitalized patients. fifteen people consumed pork from the same backyard pig, w ...201020370432
effectiveness of trimebutine maleate on modulating intestinal hypercontractility in a mouse model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.trimebutine maleate, which modulates the calcium and potassium channels, relieves abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. however, its effect on postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome is not clarified. the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of trimebutine maleate on modulating colonic hypercontractility in a mouse model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. mice infected up to 8 weeks with t. spiralis underwent abdominal withdrawal reflex to colorecta ...201020371236
trichinella spiralis infection enhances protein kinase c phosphorylation in guinea pig alveolar macrophages.to learn more about the signalling pathways involved in superoxide anion production in guinea pig alveolar macrophages, triggered by trichinella spiralis infection, protein level and phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein (map) kinases and protein kinase c (pkc) were investigated. infection with t. spiralis, the nematode having 'lung phase' during colonization of the host, enhances pkc phosphorylation in guinea pig alveolar macrophages. isoenzymes beta and delta of pkc have been found sign ...201020398184
impairment of intestinal barrier and secretory function as well as egg excretion during intestinal schistosomiasis occur independently of mouse mast cell protease-1.deposition of schistosoma mansoni eggs in the intestinal mucosa is associated with recruitment of mucosal mast cells (mmc) expressing mouse mast cell protease-1 (mmcp-1). we investigated the involvement of mmcp-1 in intestinal barrier disruption and egg excretion by examining balb/c mice lacking mmcp-1 (mcpt-1(-/-)). tissue and faecal egg counts from 6 weeks until 12 weeks post-infection (w p.i.) revealed no differences between wild type (wt) and mcpt-1(-/-)mice. using chamber experiments on ile ...201020398222
[efficacy of tribendimidine and albendazole in treating mice infected with trichinella spiralis].to observe the efficacy of tribendimidine and albendazole against trichinella spiralis in mice.201020411740
[effect of vinegar or soy sauce on the infectivity and reproductive capacity of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae].to observe the effect of edible vinegar or soy sauce on the infectivity and reproductive capacity of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis.201020411747
trichinella infection in wild animals from endemic regions of argentina.natural infection with trichinella has been described in more than 150 mammalian species. however, few reports of trichinella infection in wild animals have come from argentina. in this study, muscle tissue was obtained from wild animals in argentina with the aim of evaluating the presence of trichinella. a total of 169 muscle samples were collected to determine the presence of trichinella larvae by artificial digestion. the 169 muscle samples originated from 12 species including 36 opossums (di ...201020424859
synthesis and biological activity of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives against some protozoa and trichinella spiralis.a series of 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivatives (1a-1i) were synthesized via phillips cyclocondensation of a substituted 1,2-phenylenediamine and trifluoroacetic acid. the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro against various protozoan parasites: giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis and leishmania mexicana, and they showed nanomolar activities against the first three protozoa tested. the compounds were also tested in vitro and in vivo against th ...201020430484
combined mitochondrial 16s and 12s rdna sequences: an effective genetic marker for inter-species phylogenetic analysis of zoonotic trematodes.the present study studied the genetic variation among schistosoma japonicum isolates from different endemic regions in mainland china and examined the phylogenetic relationships of zoonotic trematodes using the combined mitochondrial 16s and 12s ribosomal dna sequences. the fragments of 16s and 12s rdna were amplified from 22 s. japonicum isolates, and sequenced, and the relevant sequences of other nine trematode species belonging to six genera in four families were downloaded from genbank, and ...201020461407
mechanisms of modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by chronic trichinella spiralis infection in dark agouti rats.trichinella spiralis is a helminth that provokes th2 and anti-inflammatory type responses in an infected host. our previous studies using dark agouti (da) rats indicated that t. spiralis infection reduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) severity in rats. the aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms underlying eae suppression driven by t. spiralis infection. reduced clinical and histological manifestations of the disease were accompanied by increased il-4 and il-10 producti ...201020500676
combinatorial effects of interleukin 10 and interleukin 4 determine the progression of hepatic inflammation following murine enteric parasitic infection.mice lacking the immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (il-10) develop necrotizing hepatitis after infection with trichinella spiralis, and inflammation is dependent on the migration of intestinally activated cd4(+) t cells into the liver. hepatic production of il-4 is elevated in these mice, and we hypothesized that it plays a role in the development of hepatic pathology. wild-type (wt), il-10 knockout (ko), il-4 ko, and il-10/il-4 ko mice were orally infected, and disease progression was fo ...201020513001
sensitivity and optimization of artificial digestion in the inspection of meat for trichinella spiralis.in many countries, the method of choice in inspecting meat for trichinella spiralis infection is artificial digestion. we conducted a study of the sensitivity of the artificial digestion method recommended by the international commission on trichinellosis for detecting t. spiralis larvae in meat and of the effect of modifications of some procedures used in the method on its sensitivity. as part of this, we evaluated the effects on larval recovery of the vessels used for larval settling, sieve si ...201020524897
early detection by polymerase chain reaction of migratory trichinella spiralis larvae in blood of experimentally infected mice.we studied the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detecting dna of migratory larvae of trichinella spiralis at an early stage of infection with this parasite. we derived primers for pcr from a 1.6-kb repetitive sequence of the genome of t. spiralis and used pcr to detect trichinella-specific dna in blood of mice infected with 20, 100, or 300 muscle-derived larvae of t. spiralis at 3-21 days postinfection (dpi). we detected t. spiralis dna in blood of mice infected with 20 larvae ...201020524898
trichinella spiralis: differential effect of host bile on the in vitro invasion of infective larvae into epithelial cells.the differential effect of fox and pig bile and its corresponding low molecular weight fraction (lmw) was investigated on the in vitro invasion of mdck-aa7 epithelial cell monolayers by trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. seven invasion experiments were performed and a total of 274 cell monolayers were examined. fox and pig raw bile at 1:10 and 1:20 dilution and their lmw fractions at 1:10 dilution activated t. spiralis larvae to invade the cell monolayers. in addition, fox raw bile caused signi ...201020546730
within-host dynamics of trichinella spiralis predict persistent parasite transmission in rat populations.trichinella spiralis is transmitted and maintained in both a domestic and sylvatic cycle, whereby rats contribute to the spread of t. spiralis from domestic to sylvatic animals and vice versa. as a model for t. spiralis transmission in wildlife, we studied the potential of rats to act as a reservoir species for t. spiralis, by assessing experimentally its within-host infection dynamics, and simulating the between-host dynamics by a monte carlo approach. the distribution of parasite burden in ind ...201020553727
molecular differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of three angiostrongylus species and angiostrongylus cantonensis geographical isolates based on a 66-kda protein gene of a. cantonensis (nematoda: angiostrongylidae).the phylogenetic relationships and molecular differentiation of three species of angiostrongylid nematodes (angiostrongylus cantonensis, angiostrongylus costaricensis and angiostrongylus malaysiensis) were studied using the ac primers for a 66-kda protein gene of a. cantonensis. the ac primers successfully amplified the genomic dna of these angiostrongylid nematodes. no amplification was detected for the dna of ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, anisakis simplex, gnathostoma spinigerum, toxocar ...201020566366
sl2-like spliced leader rnas in the basal nematode prionchulus punctatus: new insight into the evolution of nematode sl2 rnas.spliced-leader (sl) trans-splicing has been found in all molecularly characterized nematode species to date, and it is likely to be a nematode synapomorphy. most information regarding sl trans-splicing has come from the study of nematodes from a single monophyletic group, the rhabditida, all of which employ sl rnas that are identical to, or variants of, the sl1 rna first characterized in caenorhabditis elegans. in contrast, the more distantly related trichinella spiralis, belonging to the subcla ...201020566669
production of monoclonal antibody against toxocara cati second-stage larvae and its application for the detection of circulating antigens.toxocariasis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the second-stage larvae of toxocara species. human toxocariasis is usually diagnosed by serological methods. we prepared monoclonal antibody specific for toxocara cati (t. cati) and performed the following experiments using this antibody to increase the sensitivity of our capture elisa for antigen detection. the isotype of monoclonal antibody was igg3. using this monoclonal antibody, a capture elisa was developed. the produced monoclonal an ...201020568996
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as screening tool for human intestinal capillariasis.human intestinal capillariasis caused by capillaria philippinensis is characterized by chronic diarrhea which may lead to death if left untreated. the mortality is highest among patients who are negative by conventional stool examination. therefore this study explored the application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a screening test for human intestinal capillariasis. the elisa was developed using trichinella spiralis soluble antigen for the detection of antibodies against c. p ...201020578511
[methylene blue test for the determination of viability of free larvae of trichinella spiralis].the present research was carried out with the purpose of determining whether or not the methylene blue test could also evidence viability of free larvae of trichinella spiralis, taking into account its usefulness in the determination of viability of protoscolices in echinococcus granulosus. to this end, three t. spiralis larval suspensions (m1, m2 and m3) were used, each containing 500 free larval stages. a hundred microl of methylene blue solution 1:10000 in distilled water were added to 100 mi ...201020589328
[contactless evaluation of rat functional status in experimental trichinosis (trichinella spiralis)]. 201020614523
a rhetoric hank of hair. 201020632719
[igg antibody level in saliva from rabbits infected with trichinella spiralis].twenty-eight japanese big ear rabbits were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. twenty rabbits in experimental group were each infected with 3000 larvae of trichinella spiralis. serum and saliva samples were collected at pre-infection and every week after infection, and were examined for igg antibody by indirect elisa using t. spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigen (mlesa). at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks afer infection, the positive rate in saliva samples was 10% ...201020666313
trichinellaspiralis: genomic application to control a zoonotic nematode.the nematode trichinella spiralis and related species are zoonotic food-borne pathogens of humans. the muscle larval stage of this parasite establishes a chronic infection in skeletal muscle cells of humans who acquire trichinellosis. muscle larvae also reside in skeletal muscles of animals, swine in particular, and other food animals, including game animals. these muscle larvae are the source of zoonotic transmission to humans. once established, muscle larvae become less susceptible to anthelmi ...201020701572
the effect of immunomodulating drugs on the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic lymphocytes in inflammatory infiltrations in the muscle tissue of mice infected with trichinella spiralis.in order to determine the effect of apoptosis and necrosis on the intensity of the muscular phase of infection by trichinella spiralis, male cfw mice were orally infected with t. spiralis larvae and treated with some immunomodulating drugs: calf thymus extract (tfx), lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli (lps), and dexametasone (dex). treatment with tfx increased the proportion of apoptotic lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of necrotic lymphocytes from 14 to 60 days after infection in ...201020731176
evolutionary loss of 8-oxo-g repair components among eukaryotes.abstract:201020809962
sylvatic trichinella spp. infection in finland.although human infections caused by trichinella sp. have not been reported in finland for several decades and trichinella sp. infection in pork has become virtually extinct in the last decade, sylvatic trichinella spp. infection is still highly prevalent in finland. muscle digestion of 2,483 carnivorous wild animals from 9 host species during 1999-2005 showed 617 positive animals (24.8%). molecular identification from 328 larval isolates revealed 4 different endemic trichinella species, i.e., t. ...201019731970
inactivation of the complement anaphylatoxin c5a by secreted products of parasitic nematodes.given the importance of the complement anaphylatoxins in cellular recruitment during infection, the ability of secreted products from larval stages of brugia malayi and trichinella spiralis to influence c5a-mediated chemotaxis of human peripheral blood granulocytes in vitro was examined. secreted products from b. malayi microfilariae almost completely abolished chemotaxis. this inhibition was blocked by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, indicating the presence of a serine protease, which was subse ...201019874826
systematic review of animal models of post-infectious/post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome.post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) is a subset of ibs which occurs after an episode of acute gastrointestinal infections. the mechanisms of pi-ibs are not fully understood. currently, numerous animal models have been used in the study of pi-ibs. this article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of these models.201120848144
identification and characterization of myeloma-associated antigens in trichinella spiralis.to investigate the presence of myeloma-associated antigens in trichinella spiralis and their anti-tumor effect, cross-immune responses between antigens of the myeloma cell sp2/0 versus positive sera to t. spiralis, and antigens of t. spiralis versus positive sera to myeloma cell sp2/0 were determined using t. spiralis and myeloma specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). the myeloma-associated antigens in t. spiralis were separated by ultrafiltration and 2-d electrophoresis, and the a ...201121232537
identification and characterization of protective epitope of trichinella spiralis paramyosin.trichinella spiralis paramyosin (ts-pmy) is a protective antigen that induces partial immunity against t. spiralis infection in mice. to identify protective epitope of ts-pmy, a monoclonal antibody (mab) 7e2 against the recombinant protein was generated, which partially protected against t. spiralis infection following passive transfer. the mab was used to screen a random phage-displayed peptide library. ten positive clones were identified, most of which matched amino acids 88-107 or 108-127 of ...201121382481
trichinella spiralis infection rapidly induces lung inflammatory response the lung as the site of helminthocytotoxic activity.in the present work, we studied the kinetics of the appearance of different immunological parameters in the lungs during the intestinal phase of infection with trichinella spiralis. we also evaluated the lung's role in the retention and death of this helminth in its migratory stage. to study these parameters, we used lung extracts, lung cell suspensions and rat lung tissue sections. during the intestinal phase of infection (days 0-13 post-infection, p.i.), an inflammatory response is elicited in ...201121411179
conserved eukaryotic fusogens can fuse viral envelopes to cells.caenorhabditis elegans proteins aff-1 and eff-1 [c. elegans fusion family (ceff) proteins] are essential for developmental cell-to-cell fusion and can merge insect cells. to study the structure and function of aff-1, we constructed vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) displaying aff-1 on the viral envelope, substituting the native fusogen vsv glycoprotein. electron microscopy and tomography revealed that aff-1 formed distinct supercomplexes resembling pentameric and hexameric "flowers" on pseudoviru ...201121436398
apoptosis as the adaptation mechanism in survival of trichinella spiralis in the host.the study evaluates the role of apoptosis-inducing factor (aif) in the process of striated muscle cell transformation after occupation by trichinella spiralis. its relationship with other apoptosis-related factors [apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, bcl-2 associated protein x (bax), bcl-2, caspase 3, survivin, poly (adp-ribose) polymerase-1 (parp-1), and endothelial and inducible (inos) nitric oxide synthase] was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. in the context of low bax and caspase 3 exp ...201121465261
the protective effect of the recombinant 53-kda protein of trichinella spiralis on experimental colitis in mice.background: helminth infection has been proven to reduce the severity of experimental inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). the excretory-secretory proteins of helminths play an important role in the process of immunomodulation. aims: in the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective potential of recombinant trichinella spiralis (ts) 53-kda protein (rtsp53), a component of excretory-secretory proteins, on experimental colitis in mice. methods: balb/c mice were treated subcutaneously with ...201121476030
muc5ac: a critical component mediating the rejection of enteric nematodes.de novo expression of muc5ac, a mucin not normally expressed in the intestinal tract, is induced in the cecum of mice resistant to trichuris muris infection. in this study, we investigated the role of muc5ac, which is detected shortly before worm expulsion and is associated with the production of interleukin-13 (il-13), in resistance to this nematode. muc5ac-deficient mice were incapable of expelling t. muris from the intestine and harbored long-term chronic infections, despite developing strong ...201121502330
development of a double antibody sandwich elisa assay for the diagnosis of angiostrongyliasis.abstract abstractusing two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against excretory/secretory (es) antigens of angiostrongylus cantonensis adult worms, a method of double antibody sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating antigens (cag) was established with the best experimental conditions regulated for performance. to evaluate the sensitivity, the cag in sera of rats (80) and mice (15) infected with a. cantonensis as well as cag in sera of clinical confirmed angiostrongyliasis patients (70) were de ...201121506824
specific detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the snail achatina fulica using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay.angiostrongylus cantonensis, a rat lungworm, can cause eosinophilic meningitis and angiostrongyliasis in humans following ingestion of contaminated foods or intermediate/paratenic hosts with infective larvae. the snail achatina fulica is one of the important intermediate hosts of a. cantonensis and is commonly eaten by humans in some countries. in the present study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the specific detection of a. cantonensis in ac. fulica. pri ...201121515360
trichinella spiralis infection induces angiogenic factor thymosin β4 expression.trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) has been reported to up-regulate the expression of the angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial cell growth factor (vegf) during nurse cell formation. in order to analyze the induction of angiogenesis by t. spiralis, the expression patterns of angiogenesis-related proteins were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. vegf expression was induced in the infected muscles at an early stage of infection (10 days after infection) and diminished after 3 weeks. t ...201121531510
the intraperitoneal inoculation of lactobacillus casei in mice induces total protection against trichinella spiralis infection at low challenge doses.the following effects of lactobacillus casei in nih mice were evaluated: the establishment of trichinella spiralis adult worms in the intestine (awi), larvae per gram of muscle tissue (lpg), levels of igg and iga, and levels of il-4 and ifn-γ. one hundred and eight mice were allocated at random into 18 groups of six mice each. each mouse in treated or non-treated groups was inoculated intraperitoneally once a week during 6 weeks with l. casei or phosphate-buffered solution. later each mouse was ...201121541750
the epidemiology of human trichinellosis in china during 2004-2009.the endemic foci of human trichinellosis are mainly located in southwestern china. seroepidemiological surveys of trichinella spiralis infection in humans were carried out in 10 out of 34 provinces/autonomous regions/municipals (p/a/m) of china during 2004-2009. the overall seroprevalence was 3.19% (3198/100,282). the highest seroprevalences were mainly located in western china: 8.43% in yunnan, 6.37% in inner mongolia and 5.35% in sichuan. the seroprevalence of trichinella infection in humans w ...201121324302
identification and characterization of micrornas in trichinella spiralis by comparison with brugia malayi and caenorhabditis elegans.trichinella spiralis is an important zoonotic nematode causing trichinellosis which is associated with human diseases such as malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, and constipation. micrornas (mirnas) are endogenous small non-coding rnas that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. the objective of the present study was to examine the mirna expression profile of the larvae of t. spiralis by solexa deep sequencing combined with stem-loop real-tim ...201121327987
the draft genome of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis.genome evolution studies for the phylum nematoda have been limited by focusing on comparisons involving caenorhabditis elegans. we report a draft genome sequence of trichinella spiralis, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, which is the most common cause of human trichinellosis. this parasitic nematode is an extant member of a clade that diverged early in the evolution of the phylum, enabling identification of archetypical genes and molecular signatures exclusive to nematodes. we sequenced the 64-mb ...201121336279
Evaluation of the immune response induced by DNA vaccines expressing MIF and MCD-1 genes of Trichinella spiralis in BALB/c mice.Plasmids expressing macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of Trichinella spiralis (TsMIF), multi-cystatin-like domain protein (MCD-1) of T. spiralis (TsMCD-1), or co-expressing TsMIF and TsMCD-1 were constructed with a pVAX1 vector. Their ability to generate a protective immune response against T. spiralis infection was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Groups of mice were immunized twice at 2-week intervals with 100 µg of recombinant plasmids pVAX1-Tsmif, pVAX1-Tsmcd-1 or pVAX1-Tsmif-Tsmcd-1. Co ...201122114877
Molecular identification of three Trichinella isolates from Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.DNAs of Trichinella dog isolate (HC), Trichinella swine isolate (HH) and Trichinella cat isolate (SW), obtained from Heilongjiang Province, were amplified by the fragments of 18S rDNA and ITS2. Two reference strains, Trichinella spiralis (ISS3) and Trichinella nativa (ISS10) were used for sequence comparison. Sequence and dendrogram analysis indicated that HC belonged to T. nativa and HH together with SW belonged to T. spiralis. This method permits rapid species identification of Trichinella iso ...201121864533
Comparison of Artificial Digestion and Baermann's Methods for Detection of Trichinella spiralis Pre-Encapsulated Larvae in Muscles with Low-Level Infections.Abstract Artificial digestion method is widely used for the detection of Trichinella larvae (mainly the mature larvae, e.g., encapsulated larvae in encapsulated Trichinella) in meat. The previous studies demonstrated that Trichinella spiralis pre-encapsulated larvae (PEL) at 14-18 days postinfection (dpi) had the infectivity to new hosts. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the detection methods of PEL in meat. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of artificial ...201121988397
persistent epithelial barrier alterations in a rat model of postinfectious gut dysfunction.mucosal mast cells (mmcs), epithelial barrier function (ebf) and the enteric nervous system (ens) are interactive factors in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. we characterized postinfectious ebf alterations in the trichinella spiralis infection model of mmc-dependent intestinal dysfunction in rats.201121895877
pathogenesis of restricted movements in trichinellosis: an experimental study.trichinellosis is a zoonosis acquired by the ingestion of insufficiently cooked pork meat containing the encapsulated larvae of trichinella spiralis. trichinellosis is presented with myalgia which affects various muscle groups; its intensity is usually related to the severity of the disease and may cause restriction of joint movement. however, joint pain in the course of trichinellosis could not be explained entirely by myositis. this study investigated the other possible causes of restricted mo ...201121627963
trichinella spiralis: the influence of short chain fatty acids on the proliferation of lymphocytes, the goblet cell count and apoptosis in the mouse intestine.this study was carried out to determine the influence of short chain fatty acids (scfa) on spleen and mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte proliferation, goblet cells and apoptosis in the mouse small intestine during invasion by trichinella spiralis. balb/c mice were infected with 250 larvae of t. spiralis. an scfa water solution containing acetic, propionic and butyric acids (30:15:20mm) was administered orally starting 5days before infection and ending 20days post infection (dpi). fragments of the ...201121627965
rnai effector diversity in nematodes.while rna interference (rnai) has been deployed to facilitate gene function studies in diverse helminths, parasitic nematodes appear variably susceptible. to test if this is due to inter-species differences in rnai effector complements, we performed a primary sequence similarity survey for orthologs of 77 caenorhabditis elegans rnai pathway proteins in 13 nematode species for which genomic or transcriptomic datasets were available, with all outputs subjected to domain-structure verification. our ...201121666793
trichinella spiralis antigens prime mixed th1/th2 response but do not induce de novo generation of foxp3+ t cells in vitro.many parasitic helminth infections induce th2 type immune responses and engage the regulatory network. in this study we specifically investigated the influence of antigens derived from different life stages of the helminth trichinella spiralis on the polarization of naive cd4+ t cells by dendritic cells. results obtained from c57bl/6 mice showed that trichinella spiralis derived antigens have the capacity to induce bone marrow derived dendritic cells to acquire an incompletely mature phenotype t ...201121793858
therapeutic efficacy of dormectin, ivermectin and levamisole against different stages of trichinella spiralis in rats.objective: three commonly used antihelmenthic drugs including dormectin (0.2 mg/kg), ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and levamisole (7.5 mg/kg) were examined for their antihelmenthic efficacy against experimental trichinella spiralis infection in rats. methods: one hundred and twenty rats were orally infected with 500 t. spiralis larvae. drugs were tested against adult worms at 4 < sup > th < /sup > day, against migrating larvae at 10 < sup > th < /sup > days and against encysted larvae at 35 < sup > th ...201121776593
molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of trichinella isolates from different provinces in mainland china.polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing are useful for species identification of trichinella spp., especially when their morphological characteristics useful for identifying taxa are lacking. in the present study, nine trichinella isolates from different provinces in mainland china were identified by the pcr-based method using the 5s ribosomal dna intergene spacer region (5s isr) and the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal dna genes as molecular markers. the results indicated that eight ...201121773771
trichinella spiralis paramyosin binds to c8 and c9 and protects the tissue-dwelling nematode from being attacked by host complement.paramyosin is a thick myofibrillar protein found exclusively in invertebrates. evidence suggested that paramyosin from helminths serves not only as a structural protein but also as an immunomodulatory agent. we previously reported that recombinant trichinella spiralis paramyosin (ts-pmy) elicited a partial protective immunity in mice. in this study, the ability of ts-pmy to bind host complement components and protect against host complement attack was investigated.201121750743
cloning and characterization of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in trichinella spiralis.the telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) is primarily known for its ability to elongate telomeres for maintaining chromosomal integrity and delaying cellular senescence. it plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, and aging. telomerase includes two core components-an internal rna moiety acting as a template of dna extension and a catalytic subunit (tert) which provides catalytic activity. here, we described the cloning, sequence, and characterization of t ...201121748355
efficacy of lasia spinosa leaf extract in treating mice infected with trichinella spiralis.trichinellosis is a widespread zoonoses for which no effective drug treatment is available at this time. though anthelmintics such as mebendazole and albendazole are commonly used to treat human trichinellosis, none of these drugs are fully effective against the encysted or new-born larvae of trichinella spiralis. in recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing newer anthelminthics from medicinal plants, particularly the ones used in traditional medicines in many parts of the wo ...201121748345
p2x7 receptor-dependent intestinal afferent hypersensitivity in a mouse model of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.the atp-gated p2x(7) receptor (p2x(7)r) was shown to be an important mediator of inflammation and inflammatory pain through its regulation of il-1+¦ processing and release. trichinella spiralis-infected mice develop a postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity that is reminiscent of the clinical features associated with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. in this study, we used p2x(7)r knockout mice (p2x(7)r(-/-)) to investigate the role of p2x(7)r activation in the in vivo production of il ...201121697458
[research progress on anti-tumor mechanism of trichinella spiralis].trichinella spiralis has restrain effect on tumors. different amount of t. spiralis can emerge different tumor inhibition effect t. spiralis infection can reduce tumor growth to various extents in mice bearing tumor cells at different times post infection. each developmental stage of t. spiralis in the host may have anti-tumor effect t. spiralis may play anti-tumor roles by stimulating cell-mediated immune response, and/or possessing tumor-associated antigen and anti-tumor active substances of t ...201121826904
enantiomerical pharmacokinetic prevalence of (+) albendazole sulphoxide in trichinella spiralis muscle larvae.in a previous work, it was demonstrated that (+) albendazole sulphoxide (soabz) has higher anthelmintic activity than (-) soabz (bolás-fernández et al. j parasitol 90:407-409, 2004). in this work, the pharmacokinetics characteristics of soabz and its enantiomeric forms were studied in an ex vivo model system for trichinella spiralis isolated muscle larvae. to this end, samples of either racemic or purified soabz enantiomers were added to the incubation medium. quantification of either albendazol ...201121845413
[effect of oral administration of tribendimidine at different dosages against trichinella spiralis encapsulated larvae in mice].to observe the efficacy of oral administration of tribendimidine (tbd) at different dosages against trichinella spirails encapsulated larvae in murine striated muscle.201121826896
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