Publications

plasmodium berghei: the use of discontinuous urografin density gradients for the separation of exoerythrocytic malaria parasites.	urografin was used in the lower cushion of discontinuous density gradient systems, for the separation of human hepatoma cells (hep g2) infected with exoerythrocytic p. berghei forms from uninfected cells. the hepatoma cells exhibited a rather heterogeneous density distribution, masking the possible density differences between infected and uninfected cells and hindering the efficient separation of both cell types. purely osmotic damage caused by urografin on human erythrocytes and hepatoma cells ...	1993	8154784
cell-mediated pathology during murine malaria-associated nephritis.	we have studied the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of nephritis during acute and chronic murine malaria infections induced by plasmodium vinckei petteri and p. berghei respectively. albuminuria and uraemia were observed during the early stages of both types of infection, and were associated with glomerular and interstitial hypercellularity. there was a gradual increase in numbers of cd45+ cells from the early stages of both infections onwards. these infiltrates contained cd4+ an ...	1993	7902786
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of artelinic acid in rodents.	the efficacy of artelinic acid and artemisinin, orally administered at 10 and 50 mg kg-1 day-1, was compared in plasmodium berghei infected mice. subsequently, the pharmacokinetics of artelinic acid after intravenous, intramuscular, oral and rectal administration of a 20 mg kg-1 aqueous solution to rabbits were studied in a four-way randomized cross-over experiment. after intravenous administration, artelinic acid concentrations in blood plasma were high (c0: 76 +/- 15 mg l-1), and the drug was ...	1993	7903374
tnf-induced microvascular pathology: active role for platelets and importance of the lfa-1/icam-1 interaction.	pathogenic mechanisms of brain microvascular injury were studied in an experimental model of cerebral malaria (cm). the lesion, leading to perivascular microhemorrhages, is due to cytokine overproduction, and is associated with the sequestration of macrophages and parasitized erythrocytes in cerebral venules. in this in vivo model, we demonstrate that platelets are critical effectors of the neurovascular injury. first, electron microscopy indicated that during cm platelets adhere to and probably ...	1993	7910490
changes in brain neurotransmitters in rodent malaria.	changes in brain neurotransmitters [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), norepinephrine, histamine and dopamine] were studied in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and rats. 5-ht and norepinephrine contents of brain decreased significantly in plasmodium berghei-infected mice and rats, but histamine and dopamine contents remained unaltered. decreased 5-ht and norepinephrine contents of brain may play a role in cerebral vasodilatation in malaria.	1993	7913449
ionic regulation and signal transduction system involved in the induction of gametogenesis in malaria parasites.		1993	9137587
role of macrophages in experimental malaria: i. development of immunobioassay indicators.	the role of macrophages in immunogenic mechanisms of malaria was studied. the first part of the study aimed at development of indicators for assessing immunobioassay. accordingly, data on the natural course of lethal plasmodium berghei infection in mice were collected, and baseline estimates of a set of indicators were made. the indicators along with their estimated means are: prepatent period (pp), 2.57 +/- 0.06 days; survival period (sp), 17.63 +/- 0.29 days; median survival day (msd), 17.20 d ...	1993	8319812
enhancement of drug susceptibility in plasmodium falciparum in vitro and plasmodium berghei in vivo by mixed-function oxidase inhibitors.	a number of compounds, as exemplified by verapamil and desipramine, have been shown to enhance the susceptibility of resistant malaria parasites to chloroquine. the mechanism by which these agents reverse resistance is still controversial but is though to involve alterations in drug transport causing an increase in steady-state drug concentrations. we have proposed that an alternative resistance mechanism may involve the metabolic deactivation of the drug in some resistant parasites via cytochro ...	1993	8328780
molecular cloning and localization of an abundant novel protein of plasmodium berghei.	screening of plasmodium berghei genomic libraries using dna insert corresponding to the 3' half of p. falciparum 70-kda heat shock protein gene identified several abundant clones which represent a novel gene in the parasite. the complete sequence was obtained using an approach based on inverse polymerase chain reaction. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of 19 imperfect repeats of the sequence gly-gly-met-pro toward the carboxy terminus. except for the similar sequ ...	1993	8341321
structure and expression of a post-transcriptionally regulated malaria gene encoding a surface protein from the sexual stages of plasmodium berghei.	the sexual stage-specific protein pbs21 of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei, expressed on the surface of zygotes and ookinetes, has been shown to induce an effective and long-lasting transmission blocking immunity. the gene encoding pbs21 was cloned by screening a cdna library prepared from enriched zygotes and ookinetes using the monoclonal antibody 13.1.15, which is capable of blocking subsequent parasite sexual development in the mosquito vector. the pbs21 gene encoded a protein ...	1993	8341324
isolation from a plasmodium chabaudi chromosome 7 specific library of a novel gene encoding a protein with multiple ggmp repeats homologous to hsp70.		1993	8341330
heterogeneity in patterns of malarial oocyst infections in the mosquito vector.	oocyst prevalence and intensity have been recorded in 349 laboratory infections of anopheles stephensi with plasmodium berghei. intensity and prevalence of infection are shown to be predictably related. the structure and heterogeneity in the infections has been analysed with the objective of describing the biological mechanisms by which the observed negative binomial oocyst distributions are generated. the analysis has revealed that the most likely processes lie within the population dynamic eve ...	1993	8341579
plasmodium berghei: is nitric oxide involved in the pathogenesis of mouse cerebral malaria?	to analyze whether nitric oxide may be involved in the pathogenesis of the mouse cerebral malaria (cm), nitrate and nitrite were first measured in urines of plasmodium species infected mice. the cm-susceptible cba/j mice were infected with either plasmodium berghei or plasmodium chabaudi, and the cm-resistant balb/c mice were infected with p. berghei. no increased levels of nitrate and nitrite were detected in urine of mice infected with plasmodium whatever the time of monitoring. in contrast, t ...	1993	8344400
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlviii. the activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. part 1: studies leading to the development of novel cis-fused cyclopenteno derivatives.	the new chinese antimalarial blood schizontocide, artemisinin, derived from the plant artemisia annua, displays a high level of activity against polyresistant plasmodium falciparum. several synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes were examined in a search for compounds that exhibit a similar type of action against drug-resistant parasites. this paper, the first of a series, describes the examination of these trioxanes against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant malaria parasites in a rodent model, using artemis ...	1993	8346987
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlix. the activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. part 2: structure-activity studies on cis-fused cyclopenteno-1,2,4-trioxanes (fenozans) against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant lines of plasmodium berghei and p. yoelii ssp. ns in vivo.	the activity of 51 synthetic cis-fused cyclopenteno-1,2,4-trioxanes has been examined against drug-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites in vivo. some of them display high levels of blood schizontocidal activity when administered orally or subcutaneously. they retain their activity against lines of parasites that are resistant to widely differing antimalarials such as 4-aminoquinolines, aminoalcohols, dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and artemisinin. the most potent compound of ...	1993	8346994
control of heme polymerase by chloroquine and other quinoline derivatives.	to evaluate the response of heme polymerase to treatment of malaria with chloroquine, we used mice infected with plasmodium berghei. six hours after treatment with 3 mumoles of chloroquine intraperitoneally per mouse, heme polymerase activity in parasitized erythrocytes decreased from 238 to 37 nanomoles of ferriprotoporphyrin ix polymerized per hour per mumole of ferriprotoporphyrin ix in preformed hemozoin, and nonhemozoin ferriprotoporphyrin ix increased in vivo from 40 to 123 nanomoles per m ...	1993	8363618
plasmodium berghei-specific t cells respond to non-processed sporozoites presented by b cells.	the mechanism of malaria protective immunity induced by immunization with radiation-attenuated plasmodium sporozoites (spz) is only partially understood. for example, b and t cell responses specific for the circumsporozoite (cs) protein, a 46 kda spz surface protein, have been characterized; however, events leading to spz-specific t cell activation, i.e., processing and presentation of spz by antigen-presenting cells have not been investigated. in the present study we describe the in vitro analy ...	1993	8370405
plasmodium falciparum sporozoite immunization protects against plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection.	irradiated sporozoites are generally thought to elicit protective immune responses that are parasite stage and species specific. but immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites delivered by the bite of infected mosquitoes protects an average of 60% mice from plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection. protection appears to be specific as p. falciparum sporozoite-immunized mice protected against p. berghei remain susceptible to plasmodium yoelii sporozoite infection. passively transferred im ...	1993	8375482
plasmodium berghei: recombinant interferon-gamma and the development of parasitemia and cerebral lesions in malaria-infected mice.	mice infected with plasmodium berghei k173-parasitized erythrocytes develop severe hypothermia followed by death as a consequence of murine cerebral malaria early in the second week after infection. a single intraperitoneal injection of 10(5) units of ifn-gamma given between day 4 and day 6 postinfection results in a transient decrease of body temperature. no effect on parasitemia and cerebral malaria is obtained by this treatment. daily injections of relatively low doses of ifn-gamma delays the ...	1993	8375490
the scid mouse as a laboratory model for development of the exoerythrocytic stages of human and rodent malaria.		1993	8375494
the roles of ca2+/calmodulin- and cgmp-dependent pathways in gametogenesis of a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei.	the induction mechanism of gamete formation (gametogenesis) in a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, was investigated using ca2+ antagonists, protein kinase inhibitors and amiloride, an inhibitor of monovalent cation/h+ exchange. treatment with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (tmb-8, a ca2+ release inhibitor) and w-7/w-66 (calmodulin inhibitors) blocked formation of male gametes by inhibiting dna synthesis from 1.5c to 8c level. in contrast, inhibitors of camp/c ...	1993	8385016
kupffer cell elimination enhances development of liver schizonts of plasmodium berghei in rats.	we investigated the development of exoerythrocytic forms (eef) of plasmodium berghei in livers of normal and macrophage-depleted brown norway rats. macrophages were depleted by use of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. upon inoculation of sporozoites, macrophage-depleted rats had significantly larger numbers of eef than untreated rats. we also investigated the effect of macrophage impairment by silica treatment on the development of eef and confirmed that silica induces a sig ...	1993	8386704
antimalarial activity of azithromycin and erythromycin against plasmodium berghei.	several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis on 70s ribosomes, including the macrolide erythromycin, and the azalides azithromycin (zithromax) and cp-63,956, demonstrated antimalarial activity against two strains of plasmodium berghei. in a four-day in vivo test, the azalides were 25-fold more potent than erythromycin against the chloroquine-sensitive p. berghei n strain, and displayed additive effects with chloroquine. this effect was not observed with the erythromycin-chloroquine combina ...	1993	8394660
plasmodium berghei: partial purification and characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.	mitochondria from a rodent malarial parasite (plasmodium berghei) were successfully purified by differential centrifugation and 22% percoll density gradient separation. the purified mitochondria from the erythrocytic stages of the parasite had a density of 1.05 and were found to be heterogeneous by transmission electron microscopy and rhodamine 123 fluorescence microscopy. three marker enzymes, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome c oxidase, were assessed during t ...	1993	8397100
kinetics of expression of two major plasmodium berghei antigens in the mosquito vector, anopheles stephensi.	expression of a 21 kda determinant (pbs21), first detected on the surface of ookinetes, and of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) was studied by immunofluorescence and western blots during the developmental cycle of plasmodium berghei in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. the expression of pbs21 was predominantly localised on the ookinete surface one day after the infectious blood meal, and thereafter reactivity declined to a minimum on days 2 and 3, the time of onset of oocyst development. a gra ...	1993	8401470
[early ultrastructural evolution of murine malaria merozoites after entering red cells].	a tem study of murine malaria parasites, plasmodium berghei and p. yoelii was performed by consecutive sampling in vivo to look into the early sequential changes in the ultrastructure of the merozoites after entering red cells. the results showed that once finishing invasion, the merozoite resided in the peripheral cytoplasm of the red cell, creating a bulge at the invasion site, with an additional unit membrane around it (parasitophorous vacuole); apical structures disappeared; the spherical bo ...	1993	8403273
effect of nifedipine on oxidative damage of erythrocytes in plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	it is known that the calcium channel blocker (ccb), nifedipine, can inhibit phagocyte oxidative burst in plasmodium berghei-infected mice. the extent of immunopathological changes as seen by the course of infection and membrane lipid peroxidation in nifedipine-treated mice was examined in comparison with untreated mice at different parasite loads. the glutathione antioxidant system was also studied in these animals to assess its capacity to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ros) in infected er ...	1993	8403562
profiles of cytokine production in relation with susceptibility to cerebral malaria.	infection with plasmodium berghei anka (pba) leads, in susceptible strains of mice, to the development of cerebral malaria (cm), a lethal syndrome that reproduces some features of human cm. to study a possible relationship between genetic susceptibility to cm and the cytokine expression pattern, we quantitatively evaluated gene expression on rna extracted from various organs of malaria-infected mice, using strains that are susceptible and resistant to cm. northern blot analysis and semi-quantita ...	1993	8409439
analysis of malarial transcripts using cdna-directed polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approach is being employed to study rna transcripts in malarial parasites, a system that is not easily amenable to molecular studies. our aim is to compare messages from different life cycle stages to determine whether regulatory information is encoded in the structure of plasmodial transcripts as a result of differential rna processing. in particular, we have analyzed the structure of the message encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) protein of the murine ma ...	1993	8410535
induction of hepatic inflammatory response by plasmodium berghei sporozoites protects balb/c mice against challenge with plasmodium yoelii sporozoites.	balb/c mice are about 2,000 times less susceptible to sporozoites of plasmodium berghei than to plasmodium yoelii. associated with this is the innate cellular response mounted after injection with p. berghei. host inflammatory cells do not normally attack p. yoelii during their development as exoerythrocytic forms (eefs) in the liver. we used p. berghei sporozoites to induce host inflammation that might act against developing p. yoelii eefs. mice injected with p. berghei sporozoites followed 1 h ...	1993	8410550
tumour necrosis factor-alpha and macrophages in plasmodium berghei-induced cerebral malaria.	the effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on malaria-infected mice was studied. c57bl/6j mice infected with plasmodium berghei k173 exhibited an increased sensitivity to exogenous tnf. injection of 15 micrograms tnf was lethal to some of the animals when given 5-7 days after infection, while when given later on in the infection (i.e. days 8-10) amounts as low as 2.5 micrograms tnf appeared to be lethal in all mice. the pathology in infected mice treated with tnf resembled that found in the brai ...	1993	8414666
presence of an endogenous superoxide dismutase activity in three rodent malaria species.	superoxide dismutase (sod) was investigated in three species of rodent malaria (plasmodium berghei, p. yoelii and p. vinckei). the isoelectric points (pi) of isozymes found in purified parasites were identical. sod activities detected by isoelectrofocusing at pl 5.0, 5.6, and 6.4 were cyanide-sensitive and could be considered as having been adopted by the parasites from the host red blood cell. the three rodent malaria parasites also contained a cyanide-resistant, hydrogen peroxide-sensitive sod ...	1993	8415538
experimental transmission of murine malaria by the oral route.	a total of 116 young male cd1 mice were orally inoculated with mouse blood; half of the animals received 0.2 ml of uninfected blood and the others were given 0.2 ml of plasmodium berghei yoelii-infected blood in six experiments performed at different times. almost 30% of the experimental mice acquired malaria as demonstrated by the observation of parasites in their blood. in no case were parasites found in the blood of control mice. rodent malaria parasites may be transmitted to cd1 mice by the ...	1993	8415572
transgenic mice expressing human sickle hemoglobin are partially resistant to rodent malaria.	the polymorphic frequency of the gene for beta s-globin involved in the generation of sickle trait and sickle cell anemia in the human population is caused by the enhanced resistance of sickle trait individuals to plasmodium falciparum malaria, as supported by epidemiologic and in vitro studies. however, the mechanism for the protective effect of sickle hemoglobin in vivo has not been fully defined. the generation of transgenic mice expressing high levels of human beta s- and alpha-chains has al ...	1993	8417791
transgenic mice expressing c-reactive protein are susceptible to infection with plasmodium yoelii sporozoites.	human and rat c-reactive proteins, major acute-phase reactants, bind to sporozoites and inhibit their in vitro development in hepatocytes (a. nussler, s. pied, m. pontet, f. miltgen, l. renia, m. gentilini, and d. mazier, exp. parasitol. 72:1-7, 1991, and s. pied, a. nussler, m. pontet, f. miltgen, h. matile, p.-h. lambert, and d. mazier, infect. immun. 57:278-282, 1989). we show here that rabbit c-reactive protein has identical properties. nevertheless, infection by plasmodium yoelii sporozoite ...	1993	8418060
binding of alanine-substituted peptides to the mhc class i protein, kd.	peptides eluted from the native mhc class i molecule, kd, are generally nonamers that display a strong preference for tyr in position 2. we investigated the molecular basis for this 'consensus motif' by synthesizing a virally derived peptide, np 147-155, that is known to be presented by kd on living cells, and peptide variants of np 147-155 in which the amino acids in the different positions were sequentially replaced by ala. all of the peptides bound to purified kd molecules in vitro with high ...	1993	8428632
selective damage of hippocampal neurons in murine cerebral malaria prevented by pentoxifylline.	the effect of pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was investigated on the development of cerebral malaria in plasmodium berghei k 173 infected c57/b16 mice. no significant differences occurred in the course of parasitemia and survival time after infection between control mice and pentoxifylline treated mice. moreover, no differences were observed between the groups with respect to the occurrence of cerebral malaria. the only striking difference was that pentoxifylline treatment select ...	1993	8433093
magnesium deficiency affects malaria susceptibility in mice.	one hundred twenty mice were fed control and magnesium-(mg) deficient diets containing 960 and 50 mg mg/kg, respectively. after 12 days, mice were inoculated with several strains of plasmodium (p). parasitemias and survivals were monitored for 20 days after infection. the mg-deficient diet protected mice against the nonlethal parasite p. chabaudi as shown by decreased parasitemia. all control mice infected with p. vinckei died from the infection. mg-deficient mice had a much lower parasitemia an ...	1993	8440813
effects of interleukin-8 on nonspecific resistance to infection in neutropenic and normal mice.	the effect of treatment with interleukin-8 (il-8), a neutrophil-activating cytokine, was investigated in normal and neutropenic mice infected with a lethal dose of pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, or plasmodium berghei. intraperitoneal (i.p.) il-8 treatment was associated with accelerated death when il-8 was administered shortly before i.p. infection with p. aeruginosa or shortly after i.p. infection with p. aeruginosa and k. pneumoniae. histopathological analyses demonstrated a te ...	1993	8452358
immunological detection of cytoskeletal proteins in the exoerythrocytic stages of malaria by fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy.	using monospecific antibodies, the presence and distribution of tubulin, actin, myosin, intermediate filaments, and lamins were examined in the exoerythrocytic liver schizont of plasmodium berghei by conventional indirect fluorescent antibody methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy. the binding reactivity of the antibodies to parasite proteins was determined by western blot analysis. the localisation of all antibodies in control host hepatocytes followed expected distributions in both uni ...	1993	8457799
effect of malaria infection and endotoxin-induced fever on phenacetin o-deethylation by rat liver microsomes.	we have investigated the effect of malaria infection with the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei and fever induced by escherichia coli endotoxin on the metabolism of phenacetin to paracetamol by rat liver microsomes from young (4 weeks old) male wistar rats (n = 5 in control and fever groups; n = 10 in malaria-infected group). following determination of % parasitaemia, the malaria-infected group was divided into a low parasitaemia subgroup (n = 5; mean % parasitaemia = 9.87 +/- 2.6) and a high p ...	1993	8466544
effect of malaria infection and endotoxin-induced fever on the metabolism of antipyrine and metronidazole in the rat.	antipyrine and metronidazole were administered as a cocktail to young (4 weeks old) male wistar rats (n = 12 for each treatment) to investigate the effect of malaria infection due to the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei and escherichia coli endotoxin-induced fever on the metabolism of the two compounds in vivo. control rats received normal saline. antipyrine and metronidazole clearances were estimated from a single saliva sample while the formation clearances of their metabolites (in malaria-i ...	1993	8466545
a new method for isolation of the intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium and babesia from their host cells.	a new method for the isolation of intraerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei and babesia divergens from red blood cells is described. the technique is based on hydrodynamic forces occurring in a flow channel containing a turbulent liquid current, which are capable of rupturing infected erythrocytes and removing their plasma membrane from the parasites' surface. the temperature and the concentration of cells were revealed as factors influencing the hydrodynamic forces. about 90% of the intact ...	1993	8469669
comparison of beta-artemether and beta-arteether against malaria parasites in vitro and in vivo.	the antimalarial activity of beta-artemether and beta-arteether was compared in three test systems: in vitro against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium falciparum parasites, in mice infected with p. berghei, and in aotus monkeys infected with chloroquine-resistant p. falciparum. in vitro, the mean 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) for beta-artemether was 1.74 nm (range 1.34-1.81 nm), and this value for beta-arteether was 1.61 nm (range 1.57-1.92 nm). they were approxima ...	1993	8470775
differentiation of toxoplasma gondii from closely related coccidia by riboprint analysis and a surface antigen gene polymerase chain reaction.	the tachyzoite of the human pathogen toxoplasma gondii is morphologically indistinguishable from the proliferative stages of some other zoonotic coccidia, including sarcocystis. to determine the identity of such coccidia obtained from human tissues and other sources, we compared riboprints (through restriction enzyme analysis of the polymerase chain reaction [pcr]-amplified small subunit rrna gene) of the following protozoa: the rh and ts-4 strains of t. gondii, lines oh3 and s11, which are two ...	1993	8470780
malaria antigen and cytokine-induced production of reactive nitrogen intermediates by murine macrophages: no relevance to the development of experimental cerebral malaria.	the in vitro production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) by murine macrophages was evaluated in response to heat-stable malaria antigen and cytokines. malaria antigen, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) induced rni production in macrophages in a dose-dependent way. rni production steadily increased over a 2-day period and was enhanced when the malaria antigen was co-incubated with ifn-gamma and/or tnf. rni production induced by either ifn-gamma or malaria antig ...	1993	8473017
photoaffinity labeling of the t cell receptor on living cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling, we have studied the interaction of an antigenic peptide with mhc class i molecules and the tcr on living cells. two photoreactive derivatives of the h-2kd (kd) restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) peptide 253-260 (yipsaeki) were used. the first derivative contained an n-terminal photoreactive iodo, 4-azido salicyloyl (iasa) group and biotin on the tcr contact residue lys259 [iasa-yipsaek(biotin)i]. as previously descr ...	1993	8473735
expression of members of the heat-shock protein 70 family in the exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum.	exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei cultured in hepg2-a16 hepatoma cells and those of p. falciparum in human hepatocytes transplanted under the kidney capsule of cb-17/icr scid/scid mice were used to evaluate expression of heat-shock-related stress proteins. although undetectable in the sporozoites, the expression of proteins similar in sequence of a heat-shock protein of 70 kda and a glucose-regulated protein of 78 kda was markedly induced in the hepatic stages of malaria parasites. ex ...	1993	8475027
interleukin-1 as a possible agent for treatment of infection.	treatment of experimental animals with bacterial products, such as cell wall components of gram-negative bacteria, leads to enhanced resistance to a variety of microorganisms. since interleukin-1 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines are induced by such bacterial products, it has been investigated whether these cytokines are also capable of enforcing host resistance. it has been possible to demonstrate that a low dose of interleukin-1 protects mice against death from either gram-negative or gram- ...	1993	8477769
real-time measurement of antigenic peptide binding to empty and preloaded single-chain major histocompatibility complex class i molecules.	cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize peptides in association with major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i proteins, but how peptides bind to class i is not well understood. we used a fluorescence technique to measure antigenic peptide binding to a soluble, single-chain kd (sc-kd) molecule in which the kd heavy chain was connected by a 15-residue link to beta 2-microglobulin. peptides were covalently labeled at their n terminus with dansyl, and binding of dansylated kd-restricted peptid ...	1993	8477806
differential t cell receptor photoaffinity labeling among h-2kd restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte clones specific for a photoreactive peptide derivative. labeling of the alpha-chain correlates with j alpha segment usage.	using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling, we studied the interaction of t cell receptor (tcr) with a kd-bound photoreactive peptide derivative on living cells. the kd-restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) peptide 253-260 (yipsaeki) was reacted nh2-terminally with biotin and at the tcr contact residue lys259 with photoreactive iodo, 4-azido salicylic acid (iasa) to make biotin-yipsaek(iasa)i. cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones derived from mice immunized with ...	1993	8478607
the novel hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 inhibits the development of liver stages of plasmodium berghei cultured in vitro.	the causal prophylactic activity of the novel hydroxynaphthoquinone, 566c80, was assessed against the exo-erythrocytic (ee) stages of plasmodium berghei cultured in the human hepatoma cell line, hepg2. 566c80 was found to be highly active as an inhibitor of ee development and was more active than the established causal prophylactic pyrimethamine. a 566c80 concentration of 1.85 x 10(-9) m, added 3 h after sporozoite invasion, reduced the numbers of ee forms visible at 48 h by 50 degrees o, while ...	1993	8479795
hemoglobin catabolism and host-parasite heme balance in chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei infections.	catabolism of host hemoglobin by the malaria parasite liberates required amino acid precursors, but is also releases large amounts of potentially toxic heme that accumulates in parasite food vacuoles during intra-erythrocytic development. the schizonticidal drug chloroquine binds to free heme with high affinity and is concentrated in parasite food vacuoles. to better understand the disposition of heme within the host-parasite complex, we studied the balance of hemoglobin and heme in plasmodium b ...	1993	8480854
effect of chloroquine on hepatic heme-oxygenase during plasmodium berghei infection in mice.	hepatic heme-oxygenase and heme levels were monitored during plasmodium berghei infection and chloroquine treatment in swiss albino mice. a progressive increase in heme-oxygenase and heme levels was noticed with the rise in parasitemia. further, chloroquine treatment did not result in any change towards normal heme-oxygenase and heme content, when they were assayed a week after cessation of drug treatment. chloroquine treatment of non-parasitized and parasitized mice resulted in significant loss ...	1993	8496005
a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain.	using an insoluble chloroquine-adsorbent, a 54-kda protein (with a range of 50-60 kda) was extracted from serum of mice infected with chloroquine-resistant (cr) plasmodium berghei anka strain. immunoblotting assay with antiserum against the 54-kda protein showed that the content of the protein was higher in serum of mice infected with the cr parasites than that of mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive (cs) p berghei anka strain, and that instead of the 54-kda protein, a set of 15-, 16-, and 2 ...	1993	8503289
reversal of chloroquine resistance in murine malaria parasites by prostaglandin derivatives.	an oligomeric ester of prostaglandin b2 (oc-5186) was found to reverse chloroquine resistance in the murine malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. when mice were infected with either chloroquine-sensitive or -resistant p. berghei on day 0 (by intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(6) parasitized erythrocytes), they died before day 23. when treated with 15 mg/kg/day of chloroquine for the first four days of infection, all mice infected with the sensitive-strain survived, while all those infected with ...	1993	8517483
[immunoelectron-microscopic localization of a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain].	a 54-kda protein overexpressed by chloroquine-resistant plasmodium berghei anka strain was first reported by us. in this paper, the localization of this protein by immunoelectron microscopy is presented. the results showed that the protein was mainly scattered inside the cytoplasm of the early, late trophozoites and schizonts of erythrocytic stage of p. berghei anka strain, and some of it was also found in cytoplasm of erythrocytes infected with parasites. the protein content was much higher in ...	1993	8174210
[fluidity of red blood cell membrane from mouse infected with malaria parasite].	the fluidity of membrane lipid regions of plasmodium berghei- or plasmodium yoelii-infected red blood cells has been determined by the fluorescence polarization technique using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (dph) as a probe. the results showed that the fluidity of plasmodium (berghei or yoelii)-infected red blood cell membranes was increased significantly as compared with that of normal controls judging from the degree of polarization and the microviscosity. its mechanism was discussed briefly.	1993	8174215
the effect of transmission-blocking antibody ingested in primary and secondary bloodfeeds, upon the development of plasmodium berghei in the mosquito vector.	the effects of purified monoclonal immunoglobulins from control, or transmission-blocking anti-pbs21 antibodies, upon the infection of anopheles stephensi by ookinetes of plasmodium berghei are compared. anti-pbs21 antibody reduced mean intensity and prevalence of infection by 94.7 and 58.7% respectively if added to the infectious bloodfeed at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. fab fragments were of similar efficacy. no transmission enhancement was detected with declining antibody concentrati ...	1993	8233585
the design of original antimalarial drugs. an example of phospholipid metabolism.	the aim of our program was to find an original chemotherapeutical treatment (and eventually a preventive treatment) of malaria, an illness largely predominant in developing countries, by interfering on an essential metabolism developed by plasmodium during its erythrocytic phase. apart from what has been learnt about metabolism and the pharmacological target, a crucial step has been taken during this contract by passing from micromolar in vitro active concentrations (during 1986-1990) to nanomol ...	1993	8233602
mobile repeat units in plasmodium berghei.		1993	8233609
the role of the host during the development of plasmodium berghei hepatic schizonts.	immature exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium berghei are immunogenic and produce antigens with protective capacities. immunization experiments show a strong dependency of the responses on the host species and strain. to study this dependency a potential natural host of plasmodium berghei, thamnomys gazellae, was introduced, a species which is very susceptible for infection. young liver stages were produced in different hosts after inoculation with irradiated sporozoites or after treatment with ...	1993	8233610
genome organization, chromosome translocation and size polymorphism in rodent malaria parasites.	in our laboratory, rodent malaria models are used to investigate processes that underlie cell differentiation with specific emphasis on sexual development. the rodent parasite plasmodium berghei is particularly suited for this research since the different sexual stages (from young gametocytes to mature ookinetes) can be obtained pure and in large numbers.	1993	8233613
chromosomal polymorphism and sexual differentiation in plasmodium.	the correlation observed in several instances between the loss of ability to produce gametocytes and chromosomal rearrangements, prompted us to investigate in further detail the molecular bases of chromosomal polymorphism in plasmodium. generation of polymorphic karyotypes in plasmodium involves important rearrangements, mostly occurring in subtelomeric position. detailed analysis on the organisation of these regions have been carried out on the rodent malaria p. berghei and the human malaria p. ...	1993	8233621
altered course of plasmodium berghei infection by nifedipine treatment.	the effect of nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker) on the course of p. berghei infection was examined. it was observed that mice receiving a daily dose of 0.015 mg/kg of nifedipine had significantly shorter prepatent, patent and survival periods as compared to untreated p. berghei-infected animals (p < 0.001). this shows that the calcium channel blockers, in addition to possessing the property of reversing drug resistance during combined therapy with chloroquine, may also alter the pathophysio ...	1993	8240785
activity of doxycycline against preerythrocytic malaria.		1993	8245561
antimalarial activity from 'mhekara' (uapaca nitida müll-arg.), a tanzanian tree.	an aqueous decoction of the root bark of uapaca nitida müll-arg. is currently used locally at the benedictine mission at peramiho in tanzania to treat malaria. we have now demonstrated that extracts of root bark and leaves of this tree are active against the multidrug-resistant k1 strain of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. an ethanolic extract of root bark showed activity against p. berghei in mice but at a dose which also showed toxic effects. the use of this plant in treating malaria appears to ...	1993	8246530
[effect of quinolones on mice experimental infection by plasmodium berghei and their possible therapeutic usefulness].	the search for new antimalarial drugs is important for many reasons, specially because of the resistance of plasmodia. some clinical and laboratory studies have recently indicated that quinolones, currently in use for treatment of bacterial infections, have antimalarial activity. so, we evaluated the possible action of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin in mice experimentally infected by plasmodium berghei, by the oral route. taking into account parasitemia and mortality, we ca ...	1993	8248700
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. li. studies on a new 8-aminoquinoline, wr 238,605.	wr 238,605, a novel 3-phenoxy-substituted 8-aminoquinoline, possesses causal prophylactic, blood schizontocidal and gametocytocidal activity against rodent malaria parasites. against the asexual, intra-erythrocytic stages of drug-sensitive plasmodium berghei n strain, it is about nine times as active as primaquine (pq). it is from four to 100 times as active as pq against lines of p. berghei or p. yoelii that are resistant to currently used antimalarials. wr 238,605 is three times as active as p ...	1993	8122915
screening of coptis teeta wall. for antimalarial effect: a preliminary report.		1993	8131885
[studies on residual antimalarial activity of tripynadine in mice and monkeys].	this paper reports the experiments in which tripynadine free base at a dose 4.5 times that of ed50 was given to mice by intragastric administration. on the 20th day following the administration the mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(7) rbc infected with plasmodium berghei anka strain. the infection rate was zero, implying that all mice had acquired protection. although the residual activity time of tripynadine phosphate was longer than that of tripynadine free base or piperaquine phosphate, but tr ...	1993	8168241
phagocytosis of malaria-infected erythrocytes in rodent malaria.		1993	8266248
accessibility and distribution of intraerythrocytic antigens of plasmodium-infected erythrocytes following mild glutaraldehyde fixation and detergent extraction.	malarial antigens on the surface of infected erythrocytes have been described by many investigators. however, few of these antigens have been unambiguously demonstrated to be exposed on the surface of erythrocytes. this study demonstrates that mild glutaraldehyde fixation results in the cytoplasmic face of the host membrane becoming accessible to antibody under conditions that normally do not expose the cytoplasmic face of uninfected erythrocytes. these results indicate that caution should be us ...	1993	8278340
dissociation of the peptide/mhc class i complex: ph dependence and effect of endogenous peptides on the activation energy.	dansylated peptides were used to characterize the dissociation of peptides from a recombinant class i major histocompatibility complex protein. dissociation of endogenous, low-affinity peptides from the class i molecule kd had an activation energy of 6.78 +/- 0.64 kcal/mol in the 14 to 26 degrees c temperature range, but there was a break in the arrhenius plot between 12 and 14 degrees c. dissociation of a dansylated, high-affinity peptide had an activation energy of 20.24 +/- 1.69 kcal/mol, and ...	1993	8280136
[synthesis of pyronaridine related compounds and comparison of antimalarial activities].	the paper reports the synthesis of pyronaridine (i) related compounds ii-v for exploring whether the antimalarial activity of pyronaridine is by virtue of a nitrogen atom at position 1 in the ring and a pair of pyrrolidinyl mannich base side chains in its structure. the condensation of 2-methoxy-6,9-dichloroacridine or 4,7-dichloro-1,5-naphthyridine with 4-hydroxy-3,5-bis-(pyrrolidinyl-1'-methyl) aniline yielded the related compound ii, 1-deazapyronaridine, or v, 5-azabispyroquine, respectively. ...	1993	8285067
amelioration of murine cerebral malaria by dietary restriction.	cba/t6 strain mice infected with plasmodium berghei anka develop cerebral symptoms and die, with mononuclear cell attachment to the cerebral microvascular endothelium, petechial haemorrhages and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, some 6-7 days post-inoculation. the effects of dietary restriction on this process were examined. mice were fed ab libitum (group 1) or their food was restricted to produce body weight loss of 1.0-2.0% (group 2), 2.5-3.5% (group 3), 4.0-6.5% (group 4) or 7.0-9.5% (gr ...	1993	8295786
comparisons between microvascular changes in cerebral and non-cerebral malaria in mice, using the retinal whole-mount technique.	cba/t6 mice inoculated with plasmodium berghei anka strain (pba) exhibited cerebral symptoms and died from cerebral malaria 6-8 days p.i. whereas dba/2j mice developed (around days 6-9) a non-fatal cerebral malaria, with milder cerebral symptoms, and died between days 15 and 22 from other malaria-related complications. when inoculated with p. berghei k173 (pb) these mouse strains did not develop cerebral malaria. these mouse/parasite strain combinations were used, in conjunction with the retinal ...	1993	8295787
the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. l. the activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. part 3: observations on 'fenozan-50f', a difluorinated 3,3'-spirocyclopentane 1,2,4-trioxane.	a novel difluorinated 3,3'-spirocyclopentane 1,2,4-trioxane ('fenozan-50f') is a potent blood schizontocide against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant rodent malaria parasites. it also exerts some action against pre-erythrocytic schizogony, is a potent gametocytocide, and exerts a direct sporontocidal effect in infected mosquitoes. in the '4-day test' the ed90s are 6.8 and 6.0 mg/kg/day for four consecutive days by the subcutaneous and oral routes respectively against drug-sensitive plasmodium be ...	1993	8561518
plasmodium berghei: serum-mediated inhibition of infectivity of infected mice to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.	the transmission of plasmodium berghei-infected mice to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes showed a peak number of oocysts early in the infection prior to the peak of gametocytaemia. this was followed by a precipitous decline on days 4 and 5 (see also dearsley et al., parasitology, 100, 359-368, 1990). by measuring percentage relative infectivity (using membrane feeds with viable gametocytes), we have shown that serum collected daily during the course of a blood-induced infection blocked infectivity ...	1994	8299757
immunomodulation by morphine in plasmodium berghei-infected mice.	the effect of morphine on immunomodulation and host defense have been investigated during plasmodium berghei infection in balb/c mice. a single low (5.0 mg/kg) subcutaneous dose of morphine strongly suppressed (sometimes completely eliminated) the parasitaemia, whereas a high dose (80.0 mg/kg) exerted mild potentiating effect. mice treated with the low dose showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the total number of circulating leukocytes, the number (pool-size) of peritoneal macrophages, an ...	1994	8289594
characterization and pathological significance of monoclonal dna-binding antibodies from mice with experimental malaria infection.	malaria infection is accompanied by the production of a number of autoantibodies, including some that react with dna. epidemiological evidence implicates these in the nephritides that arise in human quartan malaria and in experimental malaria infections in mice. through parallels with the involvement of dna-reactive antibodies in the autoimmune syndrome systemic lupus erythematosus, a role for dna-reactive antibodies in forming phlogistic immune deposits in the kidneys is implied. to more fully ...	1994	8168966
role of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes and their integrin cd11a (lfa-1) in the pathogenesis of severe murine malaria.	infection of cba mice with plasmodium berghei anka results in severe malaria, which is characterized by mortality 6 to 10 days after infection and is associated with alterations of the brain microcirculation. these alterations consist of (i) intravascular sequestration of monocytes, (ii) an increase in vascular permeability as documented by evans blue diffusion, and (iii) microhemorrhages. this syndrome may be due to an increase of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha which upregulates the ...	1994	8132319
inhibition of malaria parasite development in mosquitoes by anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies.	the mosquito midgut plays a central role in the development and subsequent transmission of malaria parasites. using a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, and the mosquito vector anopheles stephensi, we investigated the effect of anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies on the development of malaria parasites in the mosquito. in agreement with previous studies, we found that mosquitoes that ingested antimidgut antibodies along with infectious parasites had significantly fewer oocysts than mosquit ...	1994	8262645
efficient in vivo induction of ctl by cell-associated covalent h-2kd-peptide complexes.	a novel procedure is presented describing the induction of antigen-specific cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) in vivo, that uses as immunogen syngeneic concanavalin a stimulated spleen cells expressing h-2kd (kd) molecules photocrosslinked with a photoreactive peptide derivative. the kd restricted plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (pbcs) peptide 253-260 (yipsaeki) was conjugated with photoreactive iodo-4-azidosalicylic acid (iasa) at the nh2-terminus and with 4-azidobenzoic acid (aba) at the tcr c ...	1994	8176239
synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 9-anilino-3,6-diaminoacridines active against a multidrug-resistant strain of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum.	a series of 9-anilinoacridines have been prepared and evaluated for their activity against a multidrug-resistant k1 strain of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum in erythrocyte suspensions. 3,6-diamino substitution on the acridine ring resulted in lower mammalian cell cytotoxicity and higher antiparasitic activity than other substitution patterns, providing compounds with the highest in vitro therapeutic indices. a new synthesis of 3,6-diamino-9-anilinoacridines, via reduction of the corr ...	1994	8182707
in vivo activity of ajoene against rodent malaria.	ajoene (4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide), a product initially isolated from extracts of garlic (allium sativum), was tested for its antimalarial activity in vivo in a well-characterized murine model. a single ajoene dose of 50 mg/kg, on the day of infection, suppressed the development of parasitemia; there were no obvious acute toxic effects from the tested dose. the combination of ajoene (50 mg/kg) and chloroquine (4.5 mg/kg), given as a single dose on the day of the infection, comple ...	1994	8192460
t lymphocyte-dependent development of cerebral symptoms in wm/ms rats infected with plasmodium berghei.		1994	8192520
effects of hormones and cysteine protease modulators on infection of hepg2 cells by plasmodium berghei sporozoites in vitro determined by elisa immunoassay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) detecting a plasmodium berghei liver-stage-specific protein pbl-1 is described. the quantitative detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 microgram of parasite protein. qualitatively the assay detected as little as 0.001 microgram pbl-1 per well. using the elisa dexamethasone and insulin together was shown to promote higher parasite infections in hepg2 cells compared to unsupplemented medium. anti-cowpea-protease cysteine inhibitor significantly incr ...	1994	8195943
prevention of sporogony of plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes by transmission-blocking antimalarials.	the sporontocidal activity of three 8-aminoquinolines, a 1,4-naphthoquinone, and three dihydroacridine-diones was determined against the anka clone of plasmodium berghei and both chloroquine-sensitive (nf54) and chloroquine-resistant (7g8) p. falciparum. anopheles stephensi mosquitoes previously fed on p. berghei--infected mice or p. falciparum--infected cultures were refed on uninfected mice treated previously with a given drug. sporontocidal activity was determined by assessing both oocyst and ...	1994	8203716
oxygen transport properties in malaria-infected rodents--a comparison between infected and noninfected erythrocytes.	this study was performed to investigate oxygen transport properties in whole blood (wb) of malaria-infected rats as well as in infected erythrocytes (ie) and noninfected erythrocytes (nie) separated by density centrifugation. one week after inoculation with plasmodium berghei, mean parasitemia was 26.5% and high correlations were found between parasitemia and hemoglobin concentration ([hb]; r = -.902), mean cellular hb concentration (mchc; r = -.712), methb (r = .923), and base excess (r = -.922 ...	1994	8204895
rodent malaria parasites: molecular karyotypes characterize species, subspecies and lines.	the molecular karyotypes of the african murine malaria parasites p. berghei (3 strains, 2 lines) p. yoeli (2 strains) p. chabaudi (3 strains, 1 line) and p. vinckei (4 strains) have been studied using orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (ofage). the genome of each species was resolved into 9 to 11 distinct chromosomal dna banas molecules of varying intensities which seem to represent 14 chromosomes ranging in size from 600 kb to 3500 kb. the position of certain chromosomes allowed t ...	1994	9140471
intrasplenic immunization with infected hepatocytes: a mouse model for studying protective immunity against malaria pre-erythrocytic stage.	malaria liver forms are the target of antibody or t-cell-mediated immune mechanisms induced by previous or subsequent developmental stages of the parasite. the potential for vaccine development of antigens expressed exclusively in the liver stages has not been fully explored partly because of the lack of an experimental animal model. here we show that protective immunity against sporozoite-induced infection with plasmodium yoelii and p. berghei can be obtained by intrasplenic injection of a smal ...	1994	7913914
the immunomodulating effect of a new polyamine (the map-1987) administered with chloroquine in plasmodia infected mice.	the biological activity of a new synthetic polypeptide, the map-1987 was proved in the rodent malaria system. the administration of 4 micrograms/kg of map-1987 prevents the haemolysis of the plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes but not the plasmodium vinckei infected ones. the map-1987 given alone changes neither the survival time of the infected mice nor the rate of parasitaemia. the chloroquine given alone increases the survival time of the mice infected with p. berghei under the standardi ...	1994	7921853
picroliv affects gamma-glutamyl cycle in liver and brain of mastomys natalensis infected with plasmodium berghei.	picroliv, the standardized preparation of iridoid glycosides from picrorhiza kurrooa, at the dose of 6 mg/kg, po for two weeks provided significant protection against depletion of reduced glutathione levels in liver and brain of plasmodium berghei infected mastomys natalensis. the activation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzyme and decreased levels of cysteine, sulphydryl groups as well as glutathione synthesis in both tissues due to p. berghei infection were reversed by picroliv. enzymatic a ...	1994	7927525
susceptibility of different strains of mice to hepatic infection with plasmodium berghei.	despite the low susceptibility of balb/c mice to hepatic infection by plasmodium berghei, this animal model is routinely used to investigate the basic biology of the malaria parasite and to test vaccines and the immune response against exoerythrocytic (ee) stages derived from sporozoites. a murine model in which a large number of ee parasites are established would be useful for furthering such investigations. therefore, we assayed six mouse strains for susceptibility to erythrocytic and hepatic ...	1994	7927764
effect of plasmodium berghei infection and antimalarial treatment on heme synthesis in mice.	plasmodium berghei infection impaired the hepatic heme synthesizing machinery of mice. key enzymes, viz. s-aminolevulinic acid synthase, s-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase and ferrochelatase were found to be decreased. in contrast, tryptophane pyrrolase noticeably increased during parasitic infection. oral feeding of chloroquine [16 mg (kg body weight)-1 x 4 days] cleared the parasitaemia from infected mice within 72 h and returned the altered levels of enzymes almost to normal a week after cessati ...	1994	7928069
[a comparative restriction analysis of the dna of strains of the malarial parasite sensitive and resistant to chloroquine].	a comparative restriction analysis was made for dna in malaria parasites, strain h sensitive to chloroquinone, strain lnk-65 with spontaneously occurred resistance to the agent, and breeding strain lnk-65 chlr highly resistant to it. dna hydrolysis with ecor1, hindiii, and bamh1 endonucleases revealed permanent differences in the dna restriction pattern of malaria parasites. there were additional restriction bands as part of dna restricts in the strain lnk-65 chl bred from lnk-65 for high resist ...	1994	7935181
in vitro development of infectious liver stages of p. yoelii and p. berghei malaria in human cell lines.	the preerythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite are the focus of intense efforts to identify new immunological and pharmacological methods for the control of the malaria parasite. the study of the malaria hepatic stages requires an in vitro system to facilitate the analysis of parasite/host cell interactions and the characterization of exoerythrocytic form (eef) antigens. at the present time, only the rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, and the human malaria, plasmodium vivax, develop into ma ...	1994	7957756
effect of malaria infection on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in rat.	1. paracetamol (p; 50 and 300 mg/kg i.v.) was administered to the control and malaria-infected (mi) male wistar rat in order to assess the effect of mi on the metabolism of paracetamol to its glucuronide (pg) and sulphate (ps) conjugates and their excretion in urine. 2. at a dose of 50 mg/kg, neither total clearance (clt) (controls, 20.3 +/- 0.5; mi, 19.9 +/- 0.9, ml/min/kg; mean +/- sd, p > 0.05) nor the renal clearance of p (clr) were affected by mi. although the formation clearance of pg (clf ...	1994	7975718
[synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-diamino-5-fluoro-6-substituted benzylamino quinazolines].	the title compounds were synthesized by condensation of 5-fluoro- 2, 4, 6-triaminoquinazoline (6a) with various substituted benzaldehydes to produce the corresponding schiff bases, followed by reduction. ii and iii were obtained by formylation and nitrosation of i, respectively, iv were obtained by reduction of ii. primary screening for suppressive therapeutic effects against p. berghei in mice showed that six of the twenty-two compounds produced 100% suppression when administered orally at a do ...	1994	7976341