Publications

isolation and characterization of an rip (ribosome-inactivating protein)-like protein from tobacco with dual enzymatic activity.	ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are n-glycosidases that remove a specific adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. in the present study, a protein termed tobacco rip (trip) was isolated from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) leaves and purified using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography in combination with yeast ribosome depurination assays. trip has a molecular mass of 26 kd as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate ...	2004	14671015
characterization of a cysteine protease from wheat triticum aestivum (cv. giza 164).	enzymes, especially proteases, have become an important and indispensable part of the processes used by the modern food and feed industry to produce a large and diversified range of products for human and animal consumption. a cysteine protease, used extensively in the food industry, was purified from germinated wheat triticum aestivum (cv. giza 164) grains through a simple reproducible method consisting of extraction, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the molecular weight of the e ...	2004	14607490
ntzip antisense plants show reduced chlorophyll levels.	we have isolated and characterized a new photosynthetic tissue-specific gene ntzip (nicotiana tabacum leucine zipper) from tobacco (n. tabacum). its deduced amino acid sequence has two highly conserved regions, leucine zipper and [ex(n)dexrh](2) motifs, which are related to the gene's biochemical functions. ntzip was expressed in leaves and stems, but was not detected in roots or flowers, suggesting that its physiological functions might be associated with photosynthesis. northern blot analysis ...	2004	15120117
economic impact of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) on spring wheat in oregon and additive yield losses with fusarium crown rot and lesion nematode.	damage caused by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was quantified in spring wheat, triticum aestivum l., trials near pendleton and moro, or, during 2001 and 2002. five field experiments were established to examine genetic resistance to fusarium crown rot, fusarium pseudograminearum (o'donnell & aoki), and economic damage by lesion nematode, pratylenchus neglectus (rensch, 1924) (filipjev schuurmanns & stekhoven, 1941) and pratylenchus thornei (sher & allen, 1941). hessian fly became the d ...	2004	15154461
a physically anchored genetic map and linkage to avirulence reveals recombination suppression over the proximal region of hessian fly chromosome a2.	resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) to the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a major insect pest of wheat, is based on a gene-for-gene interaction. close linkage (3 +/- 2 cm) was discovered between hessian fly avirulence genes vh3 and vh5. bulked segregant analysis revealed two dna markers (28-178 and 23-201) within 10 cm of these loci and only 3 +/- 2 cm apart. however, 28-178 was located in the middle of the short arm of hessian fly chromosome a2 whereas 23-201 was located in the middle ...	2004	15166159
structural basis for inhibition of aspergillus niger xylanase by triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i.	plants developed a diverse battery of defense mechanisms in response to continual challenges by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. their defense arsenal includes inhibitors of cell wall-degrading enzymes, which hinder a possible invasion and colonization by antagonists. the structure of triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i (taxi-i), a first member of potent taxi-type inhibitors of fungal and bacterial family 11 xylanases, has been determined to 1.7-a resolution. surprisingly, taxi- ...	2004	15166216
[inheritance of stability of mn81330 common wheat samples to septoria blotch].	wheat samples described in literature as resistant to septoria glume blotch were assessed for their response to inoculation with septoria nodorum berk. three days after inoculation with the infectious agent, samples klein titan (k-41772), mian jang (k-61568), walter (k-54585), reisler (k-59505), rempart (k-59493), pin/bow (k-62838), mn81330 (k-60785), frondoso (k-46736), sokrates (k-58179) were classified as resistant to infection. seven days after inoculation, only samples reisler and mian jang ...	2004	15174291
the dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor xip-i: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases.	the xylanase inhibitor protein i (xip-i) from wheat triticum aestivum is the prototype of a novel class of cereal protein inhibitors that inhibit fungal xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 (gh10) and 11 (gh11). the crystal structures of xip-i in complex with aspergillus nidulans (gh10) and penicillium funiculosum (gh11) xylanases have been solved at 1.7 and 2.5 a resolution, respectively. the inhibition strategy is novel because xip-i possesses two independent enzyme-binding s ...	2004	15181003
phylogeny and expression of paralogous and orthologous sulphate transporter genes in diploid and hexaploid wheats.	twelve genes encoding two closely related subtypes (st1.1a and st1.1b) of a sulphate transporter have been identified in the diploid wheats aegilops tauschii, triticum urartu, and aegilops speltoides, as well as the hexaploid triticum aestivum. based on phylogenetic comparisons with other plant sulphate transporters, the st1.1a and 1.1b subtypes aligned with group 1 of the plant sulphate transporter gene family. the exon-intron structure was conserved within the st1.1a or st1.1b genes; however, ...	2004	15190370
a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining dapi staining with image analysis in plants.	in this study, a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique was developed in plants. the technique combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) staining with software analysis including three-dimensional imaging after deconvolution. clear multiple and adjacent dapi bands like g-bands were obtained by this technique in the tested species including hordeum vulgare l., oryza officinalis, wall & watt, triticum aestivum l., lilium brownii, brown, and vicia faba l. during mitotic metaphase, the nu ...	2004	15197560
gluten of spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subspecies spelta) as a source of peptides promoting viability and product yield of mouse hybridoma cell cultures.	the enzymic hydrolysate of gluten from spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), an ancient protein-rich wheat subspecies, was subjected to repeated chromatography runs on the small pore size exclusion chromatography matrix, biogel p-2. two small peptide fractions were purified by rechromatography. the amino acid analyses carried out upon total hydrolysis of these fractions have shown a very high proportion of glutamic acid/glutamine, leucine, and methionine. the biological activity of the ...	2004	15212453
impact of inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in wheat flour breadmaking.	a bacillus subtilis endoxylanase (xbs(i)) sensitive to inhibition by triticum aestivum l. endoxylanase inhibitor (taxi) and a mutant thereof (xbs(ni)), uninhibited by taxi, were used in straight-dough breadmaking to assess the importance of endoxylanase inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in the process. with two european wheat flours, the loaf volume improving effect of xbs(ni) at much lower enzyme dosages was substantially larger than that brought about by xbs(i). this coincid ...	2004	15212483
aneuploid analyses of three chlorophyll abnormalities in emmer wheat.	of the various chlorophyll abnormalities that occur in polyploid wheats, genetic bases of only two types, chlorina and virescence, are known. here, for the first time, the chromosomal bases of three other chlorophyll abnormalities, striato-virescence, delayed virescence, and albino, which occur in emmer wheat (2n = 4x = 28, genome constitution aabb) are reported. a set of disomic substitution lines of langdon durum was used for chromosome identification. all three abnormalities are controlled by ...	2004	15215675
reduced biodegradation of benzonitrile in soil containing wheat-residue-derived ash.	burning of crop residues is a common agricultural practice that incorporates the resulting particulate matter (ash) of high adsorptivity into soils. to investigate the effect of ash on the biodegradation of pesticides in soils, we measured the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of benzonitrile in a silt loam in the presence and absence of an ash resulting from burning of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue. biodegradation experiments were conducted by inoculating sorbent slurries with a p ...	2004	15224922
uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of spatial predictions of heavy metals in wheat.	heavy metals seriously threaten the health of human beings when they enter the food chain. therefore, policymakers require precise predictions of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural crops. in this paper we quantify the uncertainty of regression predictions of cd and pb in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the contributions to the uncertainties in these predictions associated with inputs to the regression model. for each node of the 500- x 500-m grid covering the arable soils in the netherl ...	2004	15224924
advanced backcross qtl analysis in progenies derived from a cross between a german elite winter wheat variety and a synthetic wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	we report here the second advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (ab-qtl) analysis carried out in winter wheat. seven agronomic traits were studied in a bc2f1 population derived from a cross between the german winter wheat variety flair and the synthetic wheat line xx86 developed in japan. we selected 111 bc2f1 lines and genotyped these with 197 microsatellite markers. field data for seven agronomic traits were collected from corresponding bc2f3 families that were grown at up to six locatio ...	2004	15243706
identification and genetic characterization of an aegilops tauschii ortholog of the wheat leaf rust disease resistance gene lr1.	aegilops tauschii (goat grass) is the progenitor of the d genome in hexaploid bread wheat. we have screened more than 200 ae. tauschii accessions for resistance against leaf rust (puccinia triticina) isolates,which are avirulent on the leaf rust resistance gene lrl. approximately 3.5% of the ae. tauschii accessions displayed the same low infection type as the tester line thatcher lrl. the accession tr.t. 213, which showed resistance after artificial infection with lrl isolates both in mexico and ...	2004	15258740
spelt (triticum spelta l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wholemeals have similar sterol profiles, as determined by quantitative liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis.	from a nutritional point of view, cereal lipids include valuable molecules, such as essential fatty acids, phytosterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. spelt (triticum spelta l.) is an alternative hulled bread cereal mostly grown in belgium, where it is mainly intended for animal feed but should increasingly be used for human consumption. the present research focused on phytosterol quantification by lc/apci-ms2 in saponified wholemeal extracts of 16 dehulled spelt and 5 winter wheat (triticum aestivu ...	2004	15264918
the use of microsatellite markers for the detection of genetic similarity among winter bread wheat lines for chromosome 3a.	previous studies with chromosome substitution and recombinant inbred chromosome lines identified that chromosome 3a of wheat cv. wichita contains alleles that influence grain yield, yield components and agronomic performance traits relative to alleles on chromosome 3a of cheyenne, a cultivar believed to be the founder parent of many nebraska developed cultivars. this study was carried out to examine the genetic similarity among wheat cultivars based on the variation in chromosome 3a. forty-eight ...	2004	15290051
high-level expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant wheat xylanase inhibitor taxi-i secreted by the yeast pichia pastoris.	triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor i (taxi-i) is a wheat protein that inhibits microbial xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 11. in the present study, recombinant taxi-i (rtaxi-i) was successfully produced by the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris at high expression levels (approximately 75 mg/l). the rtaxi-i protein was purified from the p. pastoris culture medium using cation exchange and gel filtration chromatographic steps. rtaxi-i has an iso-electric point of at least 9.3 ...	2004	15294279
identification and mapping of genetic loci affecting the free-threshing habit and spike compactness in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.).	recombinant inbred lines of the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) mapping population were used to localize genetic loci that affect traits related to the free-threshing habit (percent threshability, glume tenacity, and spike fragility) and to spike morphology (spike length, spikelet number, and spike compactness) of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). the itmi population was planted in three environments during 1999 and 2000, and phenotypic and genotypic data were used for composite i ...	2004	13679977
a genetic and structural analysis of the n-glycosylation capabilities.	the recent draft sequencing of the rice (oryza sativa) genome has enabled a genetic analysis of the glycosylation capabilities of an agroeconomically important group of plants, the monocotyledons. in this study, we have not only identified genes putatively encoding enzymes involved in n-glycosylation, but have examined by maldi-tof ms the structures of the n-glycans of rice and other monocotyledons (maize, wheat and dates; zea mays, triticum aestivum and phoenix dactylifera); these data show tha ...	2004	15604706
development and mapping of est-derived simple sequence repeat markers for hexaploid wheat.	expressed sequence tags (ests) are a valuable source of molecular markers. to enhance the resolution of an existing linkage map and to identify putative functional polymorphic gene loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), over 260,000 ests from 5 different grass species were analyzed and 5418 ssr-containing sequences were identified. using sequence similarity analysis, 156 cross-species superclusters and 138 singletons were used to develop primer pairs, which were then tested on the genom ...	2004	15499395
quantitative analyses of relationships between ecotoxicological effects and combined pollution.	the responses of wheat triticum aestivum, rice oryza sativa, earthworms eisenia foetida, and prawns penaeus japonicus to combined acetochlor-cu, cd-zn were studied in hydroponic and soil-culturing systems using the methods of ecotoxicology. in particular, systematically quantitative analyses were documented by field experiments. results showed that ecotoxicological effects under the combined pollution were not only related to chemical properties of pollutants but also dependent on the concentrat ...	2004	15493474
evolution and function of the sucrose-phosphate synthase gene families in wheat and other grasses.	suc-phosphate synthase (sps) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of suc biosynthesis and has been linked to quantitative trait loci controlling plant growth and yield. in dicotyledonous plants there are three sps gene families: a, b, and c. here we report the finding of five families of sps genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) and other monocotyledonous plants from the family poaceae (grasses). three of these form separate subfamilies within the previously described a, b, and c gene families ...	2004	15247374
est derived ssr markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice.	structural and functional relationships between the genomes of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) (2n=6x=42) and rice (oryza sativa l.) (2n=2x=24) were evaluated using linkage maps supplemented with simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci obtained from publicly available expressed sequence tags (ests). est-ssr markers were developed using two main strategies to design primers for each gene: (1) primer design for multiple species based on supercluster analysis, and (2) species-specific primer desi ...	2004	15197579
development of pcr-based codominant markers flanking the alt3 gene in rye.	aluminum (al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. the ability of crops to overcome al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. rye (secale cereale l.) is the most al-tolerant species among the triticeae. our previous study showed that al tolerance in a rye f6 recombinant inbred line (ril) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (alt3) gene on chromosome 4rl. based on the dna sequence of a rice ...	2004	15060575
a new resource for cereal genomics: 22k barley genechip comes of age.	in recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to rna and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. however, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. we report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22k barley1 genechip probe array, a model for plants without a fully seque ...	2004	15020760
comparative dna sequence analysis of mapped wheat ests reveals the complexity of genome relationships between rice and wheat.	the use of dna sequence-based comparative genomics for evolutionary studies and for transferring information from model species to related large-genome species has revolutionized molecular genetics and breeding strategies for improving those crops. comparative sequence analysis methods can be used to cross-reference genes between species maps, enhance the resolution of comparative maps, study patterns of gene evolution, identify conserved regions of the genomes, and facilitate interspecies gene ...	2004	14740255
[construction of immune lines with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew in common spring wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29].	immune lines resistant both to leaf rust and to powdery mildew were constructed on the basis of common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29. synthetic wheat triticum timopheevii/aegilops squarrosa (aaggdd, 2n = 42) of savov (bulgaria) was used as a source of resistance genes. using cytological analysis of bc2, we selected resistant plants (21") free from meiosis 1 (m1) defects. with these plants and continuous selection, bc8-bc9 immune lines were obtained. the lines were shown to carry new resistance ...	2004	15272560
field response of wheat to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and drought stress.	mycorrhizal plants often have greater tolerance to drought than nonmycorrhizal plants. this study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi inoculation on growth, grain yield and mineral acquisition of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars grown in the field under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. wheat seeds were planted in furrows after treatment with or without the am fungi glomus mosseae or g. etunicatum. roots were sampled at four grow ...	2004	12942358
[physiological effects of taurine on the growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings].	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were grown in taurine solution at concentrations of 10, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/l, and the photochemistry efficiency, the relative permeability of membrane, membrane lipid peroxidation and the growth indexes in wheat seedlings were determined. the results showed that taurine treatments distinctly promoted the growth of wheat seedlings and increased root length, plant height, dry weight and fresh weight single plant of wheat seedlings. in addition, the ph ...	2004	15627716
[effects of nitric oxide on root growth and its oxidative damage in wheat seedling under salt stress].	effects of nitric oxide (no), a substance newly found to have protective functions in plants, on root growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l. yangmai 158) seedlings under salt stress were studied. sodium nitroprusside (snp), an no donor, markedly alleviated the inhibitory effect of salt on root elongation at salt concentrations around 150 mmol/l, but was ineffective when nacl concentration was at 300 mmol/l or higher. it was most effective at 0.05-0.1 mmol/l, and had harmful effect at 0.30-5 mmol/ ...	2004	15627712
cloning and characteristics of an allene oxide synthase gene (taaos) of winter wheat.	allene oxide synthase (aos) is the first enzyme in the lipoxygenase pathway which leads to the formation of jasmonic acid (ja). a full length cdna of taaos was cloned in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. jinghua no.3) seedlings. the open reading frame encompassed 1410 bp encoding a polypeptide of 470 amino acids with calculated molecular mass of 51.9 kd. southern blot analysis suggested there are three copies of the gene in wheat genome. the taaos mrna could be strongly induced by exogenous ...	2004	15627690
[research advances in wheat (triticum aestivum) allelopathy].	wheat (triticum aestivum) is the main food crop in the world, and plays an important role in agricultural production. in order to enhance wheat yield, herbicides and germicides were intensively applied and made negative effects on the environment. wheat possesses allelopathic potential for weed suppression and disease control through the release of secondary metabolites from its living plants or residues, which could avoid the environment pollution brought by herbicides and germicides. this pape ...	2004	15624846
transfer of small chromosome fragments of agropyron elongatum to wheat chromosome via asymmetric somatic hybridization.	the chromosome constitution of hybrids and chromatin patterns of agropyron elongatum (host)neviski in f5 somatic hybrid lines ii -1-3 and i-1-9 between triticum aestivum l. and a. elongatum were analyzed. based on the statistic data of pollen mother cells, f5 i-1-9 and ii-1-3 had 20-21 bivalents with a frequency of 84.66% and 85.28%, of which, 89.83% and 89.57% were ring bivalents. the result indicated that both hybrid lines were basically stable in the chromosome constitution and behavior. rapd ...	2004	15623155
effect of fungicide treatment on the quality of wheat flour and breadmaking.	fungicides are applied to crop plants to ensure disease protection and improve growth. to assess the effects of five commercial foliar and spike fungicides in four different combinations on wheat (triticum aestivum l.), various quality parameters and flour processing properties, including baking quality, were determined. three commonly used wheat cultivars with different quality classes (e, b, and c) were tested. falling number, crude protein content, water absorption ability, protease activity, ...	2004	15675809
[trends in genetic diversity change of spring bread wheat cultivars released in russia in 1929-2003].	using genealogy analysis, we studied genetic diversity of 340 cultivars of spring bread wheat that were released on the territory of russia in 1929-2003. trends in the temporal change of genetic diversity were inferred from analysis of a set of n x m matrices, where n is the number of the released cultivars and m is the number of original ancestors. the pool of original ancestors of the spring bread wheat cultivars for the total period of study included 255 landraces, of which 88 were from the f ...	2004	15612570
real time rt-pcr and flow cytometry to investigate wheat kernel hardness: role of puroindoline genes and proteins.	developing seeds from triticum aestivum (wheat) cultivars were collected after flowering and analysed for puroindoline a and b gene expression by real time rt-pcr. mature seeds were investigated for the presence and the amount of starch-associated puroindoline a and b proteins by flow cytometry. puroindoline a gene and protein were found to have a predominant role in controlling wheat kernel hardness.	2004	15604827
a mini exon in the sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase gene of wheat.	we previously reported the cloning of a wheat sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-sst) cdna, designated wft2. wft2 proteins have fructosyltransferase enzyme activity and initiate fructan synthesis (biosci. biotechnol. biochem. 66 (2002) 2297). in the current study, we cloned a genomic dna fragment carrying the full-length 1-sst gene from winter wheat (triticum aestivum). the genomic 1-sst gene is 3326 bp in length and contains four exons and three introns. exon 2 has only 9 bp. this sequen ...	2004	15602819
chloroplast and nuclear dna variation in common wheat: insight into the origin and evolution of common wheat.	to understand the origin and evolution of common wheat, chloroplast (ct) and nuclear dna variations were studied in five hexaploid and three tetraploid wheat subspecies. based on chloroplast simple sequence repeats at 24 loci, they were classified into two major plastogroups. plastogroup i consisted of 11 plastotypes, including the major plastotype h10 that occurred at the highest frequency (59%) in common wheat. plastogroup ii consisted of five plastotypes and occurred in eight out of 27 access ...	2004	15599057
[exogenous nitric oxide alleviates osmotic stress-induced membrane lipid peroxidation in wheat seedling leaves].	when wheat (triticum aestivum l. yangmai 158) seedling (with three fully expanded leaves) roots were treated with 15% peg-6000 in combination with different concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mmol/l) of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (snp) and no(-)(3)/no(-)(2) (control), the enhancement of lipoxygenase (lox) activity in wheat seedling leaves under osmotic stress was delayed at the lower concentration of snp treatment (0.1 mmol/l), while the generation rate of o(-.)(2), the enhanceme ...	2004	15599047
preferential expression of a hlp homolog encoding a mitochondrial l14 ribosomal protein in stamens of common wheat.	interaction between nucleus and cytoplasm has essential roles in plant development, including that of floral organs. we isolated a wheat homolog whlp of arabidopsis huellenlos paralog (hlp) gene encoding a mitochondrial (mt) ribosomal protein l14. transient expression analysis using the green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion protein showed that 50 amino residues located on the n-terminal of the wheat hlp homolog (whlp) protein acted as a mt-targeting signal (mts). expression patterns of the whlp ...	2004	15588583
[analysis of intraspecific divergence of hexaploid wheat triticum spelta l. by chromosome c-banding].	intraspecific divergence of hexaploid wheat triticum spelta was studied by chromosome c-banding in 41 accessions of different geographic origins. the spelt accessions did not differ in karyotype structure or heterochromatin distribution from common wheat, but showed greater intraspecific polymorphism for chromosome rearrangements (translocations, inversions) and banding patterns. on evidence of c-banding patterns, spelt was assumed to occupy an intermediate position between tetraploid and hexapl ...	2004	15575503
the relation of starch phosphorylases to starch metabolism in wheat.	tissues of wheat (triticum aestivum l., var. star) exhibit three starch phosphorylase activity forms resolved by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel affinity electrophoresis (p1, p2 and p3). compartmentation analysis of young leaf tissues showed that p3 is plastidic, whereas p1 and p2 are cytosolic. p1 exhibits a strong binding affinity to immobilized glycogen upon electrophoresis, whereas p2 and the chloroplastic p3 do not. cytosolic leaf phosphorylase was purified to homogeneity by affinity chro ...	2004	15564531
relationship between atpase activity and conjugated polyamines in mitochondrial membrane from wheat seedling roots under osmotic stress.	the effects of osmotic stress on the atpase activity, the contents of -sh group and conjugated polyamines in mitochondrial membrane from wheat seedling [triticum aestivum l. cv. yumai no. 18 (drought-tolerant) and cv. yumai no. 9 (drought-sensitive)] roots were investigated. the results showed that atpase activity and -sh group content decreased with polyethylene glycol(peg) 6000(-0.55 mpa) treatment for 7 d, in concert with the decrease of the ratio of noncovalently conjugated spermidine (ncc-s ...	2004	15559797
[resistance to fungal diseases in hybrid progeny from crosses between common wheat variety saratovskaia 29 and the amphidiploid triticum timopheevii/triticum tauschii (aaggdd)].	the progeny of bc6f2-bc9f(2)-4 has been analyzed for resistance to brown rust (lr genes) and powdery mildew (pm genes). this progeny was obtained due to introgression of the alien material from the synthetic hexaploid wheat triticum timopheevii/aegilops squarrosa (= triticum tauschii aaggdd, 2n = 42) into the common wheat variety saratovskaya 29. against the background of natural infection, the lines resistant to both diseases and to either of them were developed. the brown-rust and powdery-mild ...	2004	15559157
[barley chromosome identification using genomic in situ hybridization in the genome of backcrossed progeny of barley-wheat amphiploids [h. geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x t. aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70)].	genomic in situ hybridization (gish) has been used to study characteristics of the formation of alloplasmic lines detected among self-pollinated backcrossed progeny (bc1f5-bc1f8) of barley--wheat amphiploids [hordeum geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70). the chromosome material of the wild barley h. geniculatum has been shown to contribute to these lines. for example, fifth-generation plants (bc1f5) had genotypes (2n = 42w + 2g), (2n = 42w + 1g + 1tg), and (2n = ...	2004	15559151
[the effect of lr19-translocation on in vitro androgenesis and inheritance of leaf-rust resistance in dh3 lines and f2 hybrids of common wheat].	leaf-rust resistance and androgenesis were studied in the anther cultures of triticum aestivum l., which included saratovskaya 29 cultivar, the isogenic line ps29, and three f1 hybrids (l503/s55, l504/s58, ats7/l1063) with 7ds-7dl-7ae#1l translocation of lr19 gene (lr19 translocation) from agropyron elongatum (host) p.b. the lr19 translocation was shown to affect the induction of embryogenesis and green plant regeneration. the frequencies of lr19 translocation differed in f2 hybrids obtained by ...	2004	15559150
detection and mapping of qtl for earliness components in a bread wheat recombinant inbred lines population.	earliness, an adaptative trait and factor of variation for agronomic characters, is a major trait in plant breeding. its constituent traits, photoperiod sensitivity (ps), vernalization requirement (vr) and intrinsic earliness (ie), are largely under independent genetic controls. mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling these components is in progress. most of the studies focusing on earliness considered it as a whole or through one (or two) of its components. the purp ...	2004	15551039
two quality-associated hmw glutenin subunits in a somatic hybrid line between triticum aestivum and agropyron elongatum.	high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) from hybrid line ii-12 between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and agropyron elongatum (host) nivski were characterized with sds-page. out of these hmw-gss, two subunits, h1bx and h1by, had mobilities similar to the subunits 1bx13 and 1by16 from common wheat 4072, which was used as control. polyclonal antibodies (pabs) of h1bx and h1by were prepared, and western blotting showed that the pabs had strong affinities for h1bx and h1by, separately. the s ...	2004	15551037
sex ratios of sitodiplosis mosellana (diptera: cecidomyiidae): implications for pest management in wheat (poaceae).	sex ratios of populations of the wheat midge sitodiplosis mosellana gehin, developing on wheat triticum aestivum l., were determined at reproduction, adult emergence, and dispersal. the patterns of sex ratio through the life cycle of s. mosellana result from: (i) a genetic mechanism that causes all or nearly all of the progeny of individual females to be a single sex, with an overall sex ratio that is slightly biased at 54-57% females; (ii) a differential mortality during diapause that increases ...	2004	15541195
construction of a full-length cdna library from young spikelets of hexaploid wheat and its characterization by large-scale sequencing of expressed sequence tags.	the polyploid nature of wheat is a key characteristic of the plant. full-length complementary dnas (cdnas) provide essential information that can be used to annotate the genes and provide a functional analysis of these genes and their products. we constructed a full-length cdna library derived from young spikelets of common wheat, and obtained 24056 expressed sequence tags (ests) from both ends of the cdna clones. these ests were grouped into 3605 contigs using the phrap method, representing exp ...	2004	15514442
a chromosome bin map of 16,000 expressed sequence tag loci and distribution of genes among the three genomes of polyploid wheat.	because of the huge size of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) genome of 17,300 mb, sequencing and mapping of the expressed portion is a logical first step for gene discovery. here we report mapping of 7104 expressed sequence tag (est) unigenes by southern hybridization into a chromosome bin map using a set of wheat aneuploids and deletion stocks. each est detected a mean of 4.8 restriction fragments and 2.8 loci. more loci were mapped in the b genome (5774) than in th ...	2004	15514046
a chromosome bin map of 2148 expressed sequence tag loci of wheat homoeologous group 7.	the objectives of this study were to develop a high-density chromosome bin map of homoeologous group 7 in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), to identify gene distribution in these chromosomes, and to perform comparative studies of wheat with rice and barley. we mapped 2148 loci from 919 est clones onto group 7 chromosomes of wheat. in the majority of cases the numbers of loci were significantly lower in the centromeric regions and tended to increase in the distal regions. the level of dupli ...	2004	15514045
deletion mapping of homoeologous group 6-specific wheat expressed sequence tags.	to localize wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ests on chromosomes, 882 homoeologous group 6-specific ests were identified by physically mapping 7965 singletons from 37 cdna libraries on 146 chromosome, arm, and sub-arm aneuploid and deletion stocks. the 882 ests were physically mapped to 25 regions (bins) flanked by 23 deletion breakpoints. of the 5154 restriction fragments detected by 882 ests, 2043 (loci) were localized to group 6 chromosomes and 806 were mapped on other chromosome groups. the numb ...	2004	15514044
analysis of expressed sequence tag loci on wheat chromosome group 4.	a total of 1918 loci, detected by the hybridization of 938 expressed sequence tag unigenes (ests) from 26 triticeae cdna libraries, were mapped to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) homoeologous group 4 chromosomes using a set of deletion, ditelosomic, and nulli-tetrasomic lines. the 1918 est loci were not distributed uniformly among the three group 4 chromosomes; 41, 28, and 31% mapped to chromosomes 4a, 4b, and 4d, respectively. this pattern is in contrast to the cumulative results of est mapping in ...	2004	15514042
chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and arabidopsis.	a total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ests) generated 2212 est loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). est deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show est distribution. est loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1a, 1b, and 1d with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. the number of est loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. the distribution of ests along ...	2004	15514039
construction and evaluation of cdna libraries for large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a total of 37 original cdna libraries and 9 derivative libraries enriched for rare sequences were produced from chinese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), five other hexaploid wheat genotypes (cheyenne, brevor, tam w101, bh1146, butte 86), tetraploid durum wheat (t. turgidum l.), diploid wheat (t. monococcum l.), and two other diploid members of the grass tribe triticeae (aegilops speltoides tausch and secale cereale l.). the emphasis in the choice of plant materials for library construction w ...	2004	15514038
development of an expressed sequence tag (est) resource for wheat (triticum aestivum l.): est generation, unigene analysis, probe selection and bioinformatics for a 16,000-locus bin-delineated map.	this report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (triticum aestivum l.). accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ests) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat est data set. among the resources developed were the first extensive public ...	2004	15514037
responses of female orange wheat blossom midge, sitodiplosis mosellana, to wheat panicle volatiles.	air entrainment samples of volatiles from panicles of intact wheat, triticum aestivum, cultivar 'lynx' were collected at the ear emergence/early anthesis growth stage. in an olfactometer bioassay, both freshly cut panicles and an air entrainment sample were found to attract female orange wheat blossom midge adults, sitodiplosis mosellana. coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (gc-eag) analyses of panicle volatiles located six electrophysiologically active components. these were identif ...	2004	15503522
sequence composition, organization, and evolution of the core triticeae genome.	we investigated the composition and the basis of genome expansion in the core triticeae genome using aegilops tauschii, the d-genome donor of bread wheat. we sequenced an unfiltered genomic shotgun (trs) and a methylation-filtration (tmf) library of a. tauschii, and analyzed wheat expressed sequence tags (ests) to estimate the expression of genes and transposable elements (tes). the sampled d-genome sequences consisted of 91.6% repetitive elements, 2.5% known genes, and 5.9% low-copy sequences o ...	2004	15500466
simultaneous painting of three genomes in hexaploid wheat by bac-fish.	fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) is widely used in the physical mapping of genes and chromosome landmarks in plants and animals. bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) contain large inserts, making them amenable for fish mapping. in our bac-fish experiments, we selected 56 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-locus-specific bac clones from the libraries of triticum monococcum and aegilops tauschii, which are the a- and d-genome donors of wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 4 ...	2004	15499412
[a preliminary study on gene expression profile induced by water stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling].	in the present research, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and high density membrane techniques were employed to analysis genes induced by water stress in wheat seedling at 2-leaf stage. the purpose was to comprehensively understand the genetic bases of drought resistance and to find the key genes related to drought resistance in wheat. a total of 181 positive clones were obtained by screening the ssh library including 1 530 individual recombinant clones. the result of the sequence hom ...	2004	15481541
degradation studies on benzoxazinoids. soil degradation dynamics of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (dimboa) and its degradation products, phytotoxic allelochemicals from gramineae.	benzoxazinoids have been described as important allelochemicals from gramineae as well as acanthaceae, rannunculaceae, and scrophulariaceae plants. several bioactivities have been described and evaluated for these compounds, including fungistatic, antifeedant, and phytotoxic. in ongoing studies about allelochemicals as natural herbicide models, the description of soil dynamics in phytotoxic agents has high importance, because the possible biotransformations developed by soil microorganisms could ...	2004	15478999
engineering high-level aluminum tolerance in barley with the almt1 gene.	acidity is a serious limitation to plant production on many of the world's agricultural soils. toxic aluminium (al) cations solubilized by the acidity rapidly inhibit root growth and limit subsequent uptake of water and nutrients. recent work has shown that the almt1 gene of wheat (triticum aestivum) encodes a malate transporter that is associated with malate efflux and al tolerance. we generated transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare) plants expressing almt1 and assessed their ability to exude mala ...	2004	15471989
compositions and sorptive properties of crop residue-derived chars.	chars originating from the burning or pyrolysis of vegetation may significantly sorb neutral organic contaminants (nocs). to evaluate the relationship between the char composition and noc sorption, a series of char samples were generated by pyrolyzing a wheat residue (triticum aestivum l.) for 6 h at temperatures between 300 degrees c and 700 degrees c and analyzed for their elemental compositions, surface areas, and surface functional groups. the samples were then studied for their abilities to ...	2004	15461175
[effect of the 5r(5a) alien chromosome substitution on the growth habit and winter hardiness of wheat].	the growth habit, ear emergence time, and frost tolerance of wheat/rye substitution lines have been studied in cultivars rang and mironovskaya krupnozernaya whose chromosome 5a is substituted with chromosome 5r of onkhoyskaya rye. hybrid analysis has demonstrated that the spring habit of the recipient cultivars rang and mironovskaya krupnozernaya is controlled by dominant gene vrn-a1 located in chromosome 5a. onokhoyskaya rye has a dominant gene for the spring habit (sp1) located in chromosome 5 ...	2004	15458211
durum wheat as a candidate for the unknown female progenitor of bread wheat: an empirical study with a highly fertile f1 hybrid with aegilops tauschii coss.	hexaploid bread wheat was derived from a hybrid cross between a cultivated form of tetraploid triticum wheat (female progenitor) and a wild diploid species, aegilops tauschii coss. (male progenitor). this cross produced a fertile triploid f1 hybrid that set hexaploid seeds. the identity of the female progenitor is unknown, but various cultivated tetraploid triticum wheats exist today. genetic and archaeological evidence suggests that durum wheat ( t. turgidum ssp. durum) may be the female progen ...	2004	15448900
determination and evaluation of the sequence and textural effects of the puroindoline a and puroindoline b genes in a population of synthetic hexaploid wheat.	aegilops tauschii (2 n=2 x=14, dd) is a rich source of genetic variability for hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum, 2 n=6 x=42, aabbdd) improvement. this variability can be accessed through utilizing synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, which contain genomes from ae. tauschii and t. turgidum (2 n=4 x=28, aabb). numerous desirable characteristics can and have been introgressed into common hexaploid wheat with this germplasm. in this work, the genetic variability in the two puroindoline genes (a and b ...	2004	15448897
auxin induces an increase of ca2+ concentration in the cytosol of wheat leaf protoplasts.	auxin addition to protoplasts isolated from leaves of 6-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. kadett) induced a rapid increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration [ca2+]cyt. the shifts in [ca2+]cyt were detected by use of fluorescence microscopy in single protoplasts loaded with the calcium binding tetra[acetoxymethyl]ester of the fluorescent dye, fura 2. addition of the synthetic auxin naphthyl acetic acid, 1-naa, induced an increase in [ca2+]cyt within 5-10s, while the physiolog ...	2004	15384405
molecular cloning and comparative analysis of a y-type inactive hmw glutenin subunit gene from cultivated emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum l.).	cultivated emmer (triticum dicoccum, 2n = 4x = 28, aabb) is closely related to bread wheat and possesses extensive allelic variations in high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) composition. these alleles may be an important genetic resource for wheat quality improvement. to isolate and clone hmw-gs genes from cultivated emmer, two pairs of allele-specific (as) pcr primers were designed to amplify the coding sequence of y-type hmw-gs genes and their upstream sequences, respectively. the r ...	2004	15383071
characterization of the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutation line producing three pistils in a floret.	in a normal wheat (triticum ssp.l.) spike, one floret carries only one pistil that will further develop into one grain after fertilization. the cultivated common wheat (t. aestivum l.) mutation line three pistils (tp) carried three pistils in a floret. although one or two of the pistils died out before seed set in some florets, there were exist many florets that set three seeds. normally, it was observed that there were one to three seeds in different florets of the same spike. therefore, this m ...	2004	15383067
immunochemical approach to the problem of differential determination of natural forms of abscisic acid.	an original modification of the standard elisa procedure for differential determination of different forms of abscisic acid (aba) is proposed. it is shown that endogenous forms of aba may be quantitatively determined in plant tissues subjected to minimal treatment, without purification of the hormones and their chemical modification. the modification has been approved when analyzing changes in the content of different aba forms in plant tissues differing in physiological activity. quantitative d ...	2004	15527409
fingerprinting of common wheat cultivars with an alw44i-based aflp method.	a simplified aflp method, based on methylation-sensitive alw44i restriction endonuclease, has been developed and evaluated for fingerprinting 15 wheat cultivars. the selected germplasms represented groups of spring and winter wheats with and without the 1bl.1rs translocation. ten selective primers yielded 57 markers, including 19 polymorphic bands. three markers (15.8%) were specific to wheat carrying the 1bl.1rs translocation, thus conflicting with the frequency expected by random marker distri ...	2004	15523150
effect of chemical amendments on the concentration of cadmium and lead in long-term contaminated soils.	the availability of metal in contaminated soil can be reduced by the addition of soil amendments. the objectives of this study are to study the effects of applying different soil amendments on the concentration of cd and pb in soil solution, dtpa or edta extractable cd and pb, and the uptake of cd and pb by wheat (triticum vulgare) when growing in long-term cd and pb-contaminated soils, more than 20 years. the soil amendments, including check, compost, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium carb ...	2004	15519390
construction of a subgenomic bac library specific for chromosomes 1d, 4d and 6d of hexaploid wheat.	the analysis of the hexaploid wheat genome (triticum aestivum l., 2 n=6 x=42) is hampered by its large size (16,974 mb/1c) and presence of three homoeologous genomes (a, b and d). one of the possible strategies is a targeted approach based on subgenomic libraries of large dna inserts. in this work, we purified by flow cytometry a total of 10(7) of three wheat d-genome chromosomes: 1d, 4d and 6d. chromosomal dna was partially digested with hindiii and used to prepare a specific bacterial artifici ...	2004	15365624
proteomic analysis of aneuploid lines in the homeologous group 1 of the hexaploid wheat cultivar courtot.	three monosomic lines (msls) and three nullisomic lines (nsls) of the homeologous group 1 and one euploid line of the bread wheat triticum aestivum cultivar courtot were used in a proteomic approach to investigate the effects of zero, one or two doses of chromosomes 1a, 1b and 1d on the amount of endosperm proteins. polypeptides whose amounts changed significantly between each aneuploid line and the euploid line were identified using image analyses of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns ...	2004	15352243
[mechanisms of protective action of wheat germ agglutinin on cell growth in wheat seedling roots under salinity].	effects of 20 nm wheat germ agglutinin (wga) on relative growth rate, mitotic index (mi) and the cell area in the root extension zone were investigated in seedling of triticum aestivum l. under the influence of 2% nacl. it was elucidated that pretreatment of wheat seedling with wga prevented a salinity induced inhibition of root cell growth, and accelerated the restoration of cell growth after stress removal. the protective wga effect on root cell growth may be due, presumably, to reorganization ...	2004	15346789
dissecting large and complex genomes: flow sorting and bac cloning of individual chromosomes from bread wheat.	the analysis of the complex genome of common wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, genome formula aabbdd) is hampered by its large size ( approximately 17 000 mbp) and allohexaploid nature. in order to simplify its analysis, we developed a generic strategy for dissecting such large and complex genomes into individual chromosomes. chromosome 3b was successfully sorted by flow cytometry and cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), using only 1.8 million chromosomes and an adapted pro ...	2004	15341637
dissemination of the highly expressed bx7 glutenin subunit (glu-b1al allele) in wheat as revealed by novel pcr markers and rp-hplc.	increased expression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) bx7 is associated with improved dough strength of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour. several cultivars and landraces of widely different genetic backgrounds from around the world have now been found to contain this so-called 'over-expressing' allelic form of the bx7 subunit encoded by glu-b1al. using three methods of identification, sds-page, rp-hplc and pcr marker analysis, as well as pedigree information, we have trac ...	2004	15340686
genome-specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat.	common wheat (triticum aestivum l.,2n=6x=42) is an allohexaploid composed of three closely related genomes, designated a, b, and d. genetic analysis in wheat is complicated, as most genes are present in triplicated sets located in the same chromosomal regions of homoeologous chromosomes. the goal of this report was to use genomic information gathered from wheat-rice sequence comparison to develop genome-specific primer sets for five genes involved in starch biosynthesis. intron locations in whea ...	2004	15340684
a cytogenetic method for stacking gene pairs in common wheat.	the potential for non-reciprocal robertsonian translocations of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to assist in the stacking of genes was assessed from a study of their cytological and genetic behaviour. to obtain translocations, a double monosomic (3b+5a; 2n=40=19ii+2i) was crossed reciprocally with a contrasting disomic. individuals inheriting a broken monosome were identified from the loss of one arm-specific dna marker coupled with retention of a marker for the opposite arm. no double breaks (pote ...	2004	15338132
molecular genetic mapping of gby, a new greenbug resistance gene in bread wheat.	the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rhodani),is one of the major insect pests of wheat worldwide and it is important to develop a basic understanding of the chromosomal locations of known and new greenbug resistance genes. gby is a new greenbug resistance gene in the wheat line 'sando's selection 4040'. a mapping population used in this study was derived from a cross of sando's 4040 and pi220127, a greenbug susceptible wheat land race from afghanistan. a progeny test indicated that gby is inherit ...	2004	15309299
the effect of different spray liquids on the foliar retention of agricultural sprays by wheat plants in a canopy.	the aim of this work was to examine the effect of liquid properties on spray retention in a range of situations representative of practical pesticide application. liquids with different physical properties were sprayed with conventional flat-fan and air-induction nozzles onto outdoor-grown wheat plants (triticum aestivum l cv axona) at growth stages between gs 22 and gs 35. since total retention is affected by leaf surface as well as plant growth stage and canopy density, the experiments include ...	2004	15307670
mapping of 99 new microsatellite-derived loci in rye (secale cereale l.) including 39 expressed sequence tags.	the genetic map of rye contains predominantly restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers but also a limited number of microsatellite markers, which are known to be more reliable and easier to apply. we report here the saturation of the genomic map of rye with additional microsatellite-derived markers that we obtained from the rye expressed sequence tag (est) databases and the gatersleben collection of wheat microsatellite markers (wms). a total of 99 loci (39 est and 60 wms) were ma ...	2004	15300380
synthesis of antioxidants in wheat sprouts.	aqueous and ethanolic extracts from wheat (triticum aestivum) sprout powder were analyzed to determine its reduction and antioxidant activities. mean and standard deviation of five independent samples were reported. the results showed that the micromoles of potassium ferricyanide reduced by aqueous and ethanolic extracts corresponding to 1 g of sprout powder (80.6 +/- 11.2 and 9.7 +/- 1.8, respectively) were higher than that reduced by 1 mg of other reducing compounds: ascorbic acid, rutin, quer ...	2004	15291497
activities of fructan- and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in wheat stems subjected to water stress during grain filling.	this study investigated if a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) could accelerate grain filling by facilitating the remobilization of carbon reserves in the stem through regulating the enzymes involved in fructan and sucrose metabolism. two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were grown in pots and treated with either a normal (nn) or high amount of nitrogen (hn) at heading time. plants were either well-watered (ww) or water-stressed (ws) from 9 days ...	2004	15290295
a direct repeat sequence associated with the centromeric retrotransposons in wheat.	a high-density bac filter of triticum monococcum was screened for the presence of a centromeric retrotransposon using the integrase region as a probe. southern hybridization to the bac digests using total genomic dna probes of triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum, and hordeum vulgare detected differentially hybridizing restriction fragments between wheat and barley. the fragments that hybridized to genomic dna of wheat but not to that of barley were subcloned. fluorescence in situ hybridizatio ...	2004	15284880
colocation between a gene encoding the bzip factor spa and an eqtl for a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit in wheat (triticum aestivum).	the quality of wheat grain is largely determined by the quantity and composition of storage proteins (prolamins) and depends on mechanisms underlying the regulation of expression of prolamin genes. the endosperm-specific wheat basic region leucine zipper (bzip) factor storage protein activator (spa) is a positive regulator that binds to the promoter of a prolamin gene. the aim of this study was to map spa (the gene encoding bzip factor spa) and genomic regions associated with quantitative variat ...	2004	15284875
regeneration of somatic hybrids in relation to the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes of wheat and setaria italica.	somatic hybridization via peg (polyethylene 6000)-mediated protoplast fusion was achieved between two different wheat culture lines (triticum aestivum l., "jinan"177, t1 and t2) and setaria italica (l.) p. beauv. the t1 recipient originated from non-regenerable long-term cell suspensions, while t2 was derived from embryogenic calli with a high regeneration capacity. donor protoplasts were obtained from embryogenic calli of s. italica (s) (with low regeneration capacity) irradiated with different ...	2004	15284872
effect of different temperature on starch synthase activity in excised grains of wheat cultivars.	excised grains of wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties hd 2285 (relatively tolerant) and hd 2329 (susceptible type) were incubated for 1 hr at 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees and 45 degrees c. in an another treatment, excised grains were incubated for 1 hr at increasing temperature (15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees and 45 degrees c) continuously, thus exposing the grains to gradual rise in temperature. the above treated grains were then analysed for the activity of soluble starch synthase (s ...	2004	15282961
ph-dependence of pesticide adsorption by wheat-residue-derived black carbon.	the potential of black carbon as an adsorbent for pesticides in soils may be strongly influenced by the properties of the adsorbent and pesticides and by the environmental conditions. this study evaluated the effect of ph on the adsorption of diuron, bromoxynil, and ametryne by a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue derived black carbon (wc) as compared to a commercial activated carbon (ac). the ph drift method indicated that wc had a point of zero charge of 4.2, much lower than that of 7.8 for ...	2004	15274579
[phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific variation of d-genome aegilops l. as revealed by rapd analysis].	rapd analysis was carried out to study the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of polyploid aegilops species, which contain the d genome as a component of the alloploid genome, and diploid aegilops tauschii, which is a putative donor of the d genome for common wheat. in total, 74 accessions of six d-genome aegilops species were examined. the highest intraspecific variation (0.03-0.21) was observed for ae. tauschii. intraspecific distances between accessions ranged 0.007-0.067 in ae. ...	2004	15272562
[expression of fertility during morphogenesis in self-pollinated backcrossed progenies of barley-wheat amphiploids].	the fertility characteristics expressed during morphogenesis in first-generation self-pollinated backcrossed progenies (bc1) obtained from amphiploid barley-wheat hybrids [hordeum geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70) backcrossed with common wheat were studied. it was found that, in the case of self-pollination of bc1 plants, karyotype stabilization leads to the formation of alloplasmic euploid (2n = 42), telocentric substitution (2n = 40 + 2t), and telocentric a ...	2004	15272561
effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in zinc-deficient soil.	the effect of increasing application of zinc (zn) and cadmium (cd) on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of zn and cd was studied in bread and durum wheat cultivars. plants were grown in severely zn-deficient calcareous soil treated with increasing zn (0 and 10 mg kg(-1) soil) and cd (0, 10 and 25 mg kg(-1) soil) and harvested after 35 and 65 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. growing plants without zn fertilization caused severe depression in shoot growth, especially in durum wh ...	2004	15261409
mitochondria are the main target for oxidative damage in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	photosynthesis, respiration, and other processes produce reactive oxygen species (ros) that can cause oxidative modifications to proteins, lipids, and dna. the production of ros increases under stress conditions, causing oxidative damage and impairment of normal metabolism. in this work, oxidative damage to various subcellular compartments (i.e. chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) was studied in two cultivars of wheat differing in ascorbic acid content, and growing under good irrigation ...	2004	15258167
[comparative studies on proteins of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat and its maintainer by 2d-page in triticum aestivum].	by using 2d-page techniques, protein compositions have been studied at different developmental stage leaf (seedling, tillering, shooting and booting stages) and pollen mother cells (pmc) (meiotic, 1-nucleus and 2-3 nuclei stages) in male sterile wheat and its maintainer. the results indicated that a specific protein (33kd/pi6.3) identified at the shooting and booting stage leaves in male-sterile wheat, but this protein species has not been identified in the male fertile wheat. four protein speci ...	2004	15133897
in silico physical mapping software for the triticum aestivum genome.	the large size of the triticum aestivum genome makes it unlikely that a complete genome sequence for wheat will be available in the near future. exploiting the conserved genome organization between wheat and rice and existing genomic resources, we have constructed in silico physical mapping software for wheat, assigning a gross physical location(s) into chromosome bins to 22,626 representative wheat gene sequences. to validate the predictions from the software we compared the predicted locations ...	2004	15133717
rapid genome evolution revealed by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous regions from four triticeae genomes.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid species, consisting of three subgenomes (a, b, and d). to study the molecular evolution of these closely related genomes, we compared the sequence of a 307-kb physical contig covering the high molecular weight (hmw)-glutenin locus from the a genome of durum wheat (triticum turgidum, aabb) with the orthologous regions from the b genome of the same wheat and the d genome of the diploid wheat aegilops tauschii (anderson et al., 2003; kong et al., ...	2004	15122014