Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in ireland, including a novel enzyme, tem-102. | organisms producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) have been reported in many countries, but there is no information on the prevalence of esbl-producing members of the family enterobacteriaceae in ireland. a total of 925 isolates of ampicillin-resistant members of the enterobacteriaceae were received from six hospitals in ireland over a 3-year period from september 1996 to september 1999. isolates were screened for esbl production by the double-disk diffusion (ddd) method. ddd-positiv ... | 2003 | 12878521 |
| in vitro activities of novel oxapenems, alone and in combination with ceftazidime, against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. | four novel oxapenem compounds (i.e., am-112, am-113, am-114, and am-115) were investigated for their beta-lactamase inhibitory activity against a panel of isolated class a, c, and d enzymes, which included expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (esbls). the oxapenems were potent beta-lactamase inhibitors. activity varied within the group, with am-113 and am-114 proving to be the most active compounds. the 50% inhibitory concentrations for these agents were up to 100,000-fold lower than that of ... | 2003 | 12878527 |
| comparative in vitro activity of three fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates by e test. | the in vitro susceptibility of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against several gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates was tested by e test. we found that the mic(50) and mic(90) values against all members of the enterobacteriaceae family except serratia were <0.5 mg/l for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (mic range 0.006-32 mg/l) based on the in vitro susceptibility data. the susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were more than 85% for escherichia coli, ci ... | 2003 | 12886053 |
| molecular epidemiology of systemic infection caused by enterobacter cloacae in a high-risk neonatal intensive care unit. | to investigate the molecular epidemiology of systemic nosocomial infections caused by enterobacter cloacae. | 2003 | 12887236 |
| vim- and imp-type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing pseudomonas spp. and acinetobacter spp. in korean hospitals. | we determined the occurrence of acquired metallo-b-lactamase (mbl)-producing bacteria in korean hospitals. among the isolates nonsusceptible to imipenem that were collected from 28 hospitals from 2000 to 2001, 44 (11.4%) of 387 pseudomonas spp. and 38 (14.2%) of 267 acinetobacter spp. produced mbl and had alleles of blavim-2 or blaimp-1. mbl-producing isolates were detected in 60.7% of the hospitals. | 2003 | 12890331 |
| enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in pediatric patients traced to a hospital pharmacy. | the sources of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae bloodstream infections in a pediatric hospital were investigated, as were the risk factors for acquiring the infection: two retrospective case-control studies were conducted. the study sample included all patients admitted to the general pediatric wards from february 5 through march 30, 2001, who had a positive blood culture for e. cloacae. pediatric ward and pharmacy infection-control practices were reviewed, personnel and environmental culture ... | 2003 | 12892028 |
| [surveillance on drug resistance of gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospital acquired infections and community acquired infections (2000 - 2001)]. | to determine the resistance rates of gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with hospital acquired infections (hai) or community acquired infections (cai) in the 34 study wards of 13 hospitals located at different areas in china. | 2003 | 12899774 |
| levofloxacin pharmacokinetics in esrd and removal by the cellulose acetate high performance-210 hemodialyzer. | no published data are available describing the pharmacokinetics of intravenous levofloxacin in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). objectives of this study are to determine the pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of levofloxacin and develop dosing strategies in these patients. | 2003 | 12900817 |
| rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase promotes nodulation of pea plants. | ethylene inhibits nodulation in various legumes. in order to investigate strategies employed by rhizobium to regulate nodulation, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase gene was isolated and characterized from one of the acc deaminase-producing rhizobia, rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128c53k. acc deaminase degrades acc, the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants. through the action of this enzyme, acc deaminase-containing bacteria can reduce ethylene biosynthesis in ... | 2003 | 12902221 |
| evaluation of a rapid pcr assay for diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. | we compared the results of gram staining and culture of cerebrospinal fluid to results obtained with a rapid pcr assay for the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis in 281 cases of suspected bacterial meningitis. pcr had a sensitivity of 97% compared to a sensitivity of 55% for culture, and the pcr specificity was 99.6%. pcr results were available within 2 h of the start of the assay. | 2003 | 12904400 |
| modification of the double-disk test for detection of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum and ampc beta-lactamases. | detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae is problematic. a modification of the double-disk test (mddt) has been developed for successful detection of esbls in gram-negative bacilli producing well-characterized beta-lactamases as well as 212 clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, and citrobacter freundii. mddt accurately differentiated between esbl producers and derepressed chromosomal ampc mutants ... | 2003 | 12904422 |
| restriction site tagged (rst) microarrays: a novel technique to study the species composition of complex microbial systems. | we have developed a new type of microarray, restriction site tagged (rst), for example noti, microarrays. in this approach only sequences surrounding specific restriction sites (i.e. noti linking clones) were used for generating microarrays. dna was labeled using a new procedure, noti representation, where only sequences surrounding noti sites were labeled. due to these modifications, the sensitivity of rst microarrays increases several hundred-fold compared to that of ordinary genomic microarra ... | 2003 | 12907747 |
| the role of visible faecal material as a vehicle for generic escherichia coli, coliform, and other enterobacteria contaminating poultry carcasses during slaughtering. | a comparison of enterobacteriaceae, coliform and escherichia coli counts in chicken carcasses with and without visible faecal contamination was conducted to evaluate the role of contamination as a vehicle for generic e. coli, coliform and other enterobacteria contaminating broiler chicken carcasses when processed under routine commercial operations. | 2003 | 12911691 |
| a comparison of the bacteria found on the hands of 'homemakers' and neonatal intensive care unit nurses. | this prevalence study was conducted to compare the counts, types and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial flora on the hands of individuals in the community to that of nurses at a nearby university teaching hospital, with an intense hand hygiene regimen. hand cultures were obtained from 204 individuals during a home visit and 119 nurses in two neonatal intensive care units (nicus). the mean total log counts of organisms were 5.73 and 5.24 for the homemakers [defined as the person (usua ... | 2003 | 12919763 |
| is1999 increases expression of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase veb-1 in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the integron-borne bla(veb-1) gene encodes an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. this gene was associated mostly with is1999 and rarely with an additional is2000 element in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from thailand, whereas is1999 was only very rarely associated with bla(veb-1) in enterobacteriaceae. expression experiments and promoter study identified promoter sequences in is1999 that increased the expression of veb-1 in p. aeruginosa. | 2003 | 12923109 |
| the status of drug resistance and ampc gene expression in enterobacter cloacae. | to investigate the status of the drug resistance and the ampc gene expression of enterobacter cloacae. | 2003 | 12935420 |
| role of acrr and rama in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from singapore. | the mics of ciprofloxacin for 33 clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins from three hospitals in singapore ranged from 0.25 to >128 microg/ml. nineteen of the isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant according to the nccls guidelines. strains for which the ciprofloxacin mic was >or=0.5 microg/ml harbored a mutation in dna gyrase a (ser83-->tyr, leu, or iie), and some had a secondary asp87-->asn mutation. isolates for which the mic was 16 microg/ml possesse ... | 2003 | 12936981 |
| molecular characterization of a new class 3 integron in klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae fful 22k was isolated in april 1999 from the urine of an intensive care unit patient in portugal. the strain showed an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile. a typical synergistic effect between cefotaxime or cefepime and clavulanic acid was observed. an escherichia coli transformant displayed a similar resistance phenotype and harbored a ca. 9.4-kb plasmid (p22k9). cloning experiments revealed that the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was encoded by bla(ges-1) ... | 2003 | 12936982 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in buenos aires, argentina, public hospitals. | resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is often associated with plasmid encoded extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl). in order to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of esbls in enterobacteria in our city, a 1-month-period survey was carried out from april to may 2000. extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant strains, isolated from inpatient clinical specimens other than stools, were collected among 17 participating hospitals. from a total of 427 enterobacterial strains that were ... | 2003 | 12936986 |
| insertion sequence isecp1b is involved in expression and mobilization of a bla(ctx-m) beta-lactamase gene. | the genetic structures (ca. 10-kb dna fragment) surrounding the plasmid-borne extended-spectrum beta-lactamase bla(ctx-m-19) gene in a klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate were determined. this beta-lactamase gene was part of a 4,797-bp transposon inserted inside orf1 of tn1721. inside this transposon, bla(ctx-m-19) was bracketed upstream and downstream by insertion sequences ise cp1b and is903d, respectively, and further downstream by a truncated gene encoding an outer membrane protein for ir ... | 2003 | 12936998 |
| in vitro activities of abt-492, a new fluoroquinolone, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | abt-492 exhibited excellent in vitro activities against all 326 aerobic and anaerobic antral puncture sinus isolates tested with mics (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited as follows: haemophilus influenzae, 0.001; moraxella catarrhalis, 0.008; and streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.015. it was four- to sixfold more active than other fluoroquinolones, including against levofloxacin-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureu ... | 2003 | 12937015 |
| bacteria in midguts of field-collected anopheles albimanus block plasmodium vivax sporogonic development. | bacterial infections were investigated in midguts of insectary and field-collected anopheles albimanus weidemann from southern mexico. serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter amnigenus 2, enterobacter sp., and serratia sp. were isolated in field samples obtained in 1998, but only enterobacter sp. was recovered in field samples of 1997 and no bacteria were isolated from insectary specimens. these bacteria were offered along with plasmodium vivax infected blood to aseptic insect ... | 2003 | 12943119 |
| gasp phenotype: presence in enterobacteria and independence of sigmas in its acquisition. | the appearance of growth advantage in stationary phase or gasp was originally detected in escherichia coli. the presence of this phenotype in other enterobacteria such as enterobacter cloacae, salmonella typhimurium, providencia stuartii and shigella dysenteriae is described in this work. e. cloacae gasp strains presented lower levels of rpos than the parental strain, although no mutation in the gene or its promoter was detected. this work offers evidence of gasp rpos-independent pathways as gas ... | 2003 | 12951242 |
| lupus-like panniculitis in a patient with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (apeced). | autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (apeced) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterised by a loss of self-tolerance to endocrine tissues, chronic candidiasis and ectodermal disorders. apeced is associated with mutations of a single gene, designated autoimmune regulator (aire). we describe a 31-year-old apeced patient with non-traumatic, cutaneous ulcers on both forearms with features of a lupus-like panniculitis. on admission to the icu in september 2001, th ... | 2003 | 12951636 |
| population genetics of the nomenspecies enterobacter cloacae. | the genetic heterogeneity of the nomenspecies enterobacter cloacae is well known. enterobacter asburiae, enterobacter cancerogenus, enterobacter dissolvens, enterobacter hormaechei, enterobacter kobei, and enterobacter nimipressuralis are closely related to it and are subsumed in the so-called e. cloacae complex. dna-dna hybridization studies performed previously identified at least five dna-relatedness groups of this complex. in order to analyze the genetic structure and the phylogenetic relati ... | 2003 | 12957918 |
| morphological, host range, and genetic characterization of two coliphages. | two coliphages, ar1 and lg1, were characterized based on their morphological, host range, and genetic properties. transmission electron microscopy showed that both phages belonged to the myoviridae; phage particles of lg1 were smaller than those of ar1 and had an isometric head 68 nm in diameter and a complex contractile tail 111 nm in length. transmission electron micrographs of ar1 showed phage particles consisting of an elongated isometric head of 103 by 74 nm and a complex contractile tail 1 ... | 2003 | 12957924 |
| growth of escherichia coli in model distribution system biofilms exposed to hypochlorous acid or monochloramine. | bacteria indigenous to water distribution systems were used to grow multispecies biofilms within continuous-flow slide chambers. six flow chambers were also inoculated with an escherichia coli isolate obtained from potable water. the effect of disinfectants on bacterial populations was determined after exposure of established biofilms to 1 ppm of hypochlorous acid (cloh) for 67 min or 4 ppm of monochloramine (nh(2)cl) for 155 min. to test the ability of bacterial populations to initiate biofilm ... | 2003 | 12957935 |
| use of real-time pcr with multiple targets to identify pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli from patients with cystic fibrosis. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) may be difficult to identify because of their marked phenotypic diversity. we examined 200 gram-negative clinical isolates from cf respiratory tract specimens and compared identification by biochemical testing and real-time pcr with multiple different target sequences using a standardized combination of biochemical testing and molecular identification, including 16s rrna partial sequencing and gyrb pc ... | 2003 | 12958262 |
| transmembrane movement of exogenous long-chain fatty acids: proteins, enzymes, and vectorial esterification. | the processes that govern the regulated transport of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane are quite distinct compared to counterparts involved in the transport of hydrophilic solutes such as sugars and amino acids. these differences stem from the unique physical and chemical properties of long-chain fatty acids. to date, several distinct classes of proteins have been shown to participate in the transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids across the membrane. more recent work is co ... | 2003 | 12966144 |
| nmca carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme in enterobacter cloacae in north america. | an imipenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolate was recovered from the blood of a patient with a hematologic malignancy. analytical isoelectric focusing, inhibitor studies, hydrolysis, induction assays, and molecular sequencing methods confirmed the presence of a nmca carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme. this first report of nmca detected in north america warrants further investigation into its distribution and clinical impact. | 2003 | 12967501 |
| contemporary re-evaluation of the activity and spectrum of grepafloxacin tested against isolates in the united states. | grepafloxacin potency and spectrum of activity were re-evaluated against contemporary pathogens collected from clinical infections in 2001-2002. a total of 995 isolates were tested for grepafloxacin by the reference agar dilution method and these results were compared to those of 25 other antimicrobial agents. grepafloxacin activity remained comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gatifloxacin against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae (mic(90), 0.03-2 ... | 2003 | 12967754 |
| versatility of aminoglycosides and prospects for their future. | aminoglycoside antibiotics have had a major impact on our ability to treat bacterial infections for the past half century. whereas the interest in these versatile antibiotics continues to be high, their clinical utility has been compromised by widespread instances of resistance. the multitude of mechanisms of resistance is disconcerting but also illuminates how nature can manifest resistance when bacteria are confronted by antibiotics. this article reviews the most recent knowledge about the mec ... | 2003 | 12857776 |
| nitric oxide reductase (norb) genes from pure cultures and environmental samples. | a pcr-based approach was developed to recover nitric oxide (no) reductase (norb) genes as a functional marker gene for denitrifying bacteria. norb database sequences grouped in two very distinct branches. one encodes the quinol-oxidizing single-subunit class (qnorb), while the other class is a cytochrome bc-type complex (cnorb). the latter oxidizes cytochrome c, and the gene is localized adjacent to norc. while both norb types occur in denitrifying strains, the qnorb type was also found in a var ... | 2003 | 12788753 |
| rapid identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profile analysis of the 16s rrna gene. | bacteremia results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially among patient populations that are immunocompromised. broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered to patients suspected to have bloodstream infections that are awaiting diagnosis that depends on blood culture analysis. significant delays in identification of pathogens can result, primarily due to the dependence on growth-based identification systems. to address these limitations, we took advantage of terminal restriction fragm ... | 2003 | 12904391 |
| compost-induced suppression of pythium damping-off is mediated by fatty-acid-metabolizing seed-colonizing microbial communities. | leaf composts were studied for their suppressive effects on pythium ultimum sporangium germination, cottonseed colonization, and the severity of pythium damping-off of cotton. a focus of the work was to assess the role of fatty-acid-metabolizing microbial communities in disease suppression. suppressiveness was expressed within the first few hours of seed germination as revealed by reduced p. ultimum sporangium germination, reduced seed colonization, and reduced damping-off in transplant experime ... | 2003 | 12514027 |
| molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited. | gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer, the outer membrane. although outer membrane components often play important roles in the interaction of symbiotic or pathogenic bacteria with their host organisms, the major role of this membrane must usually be to serve as a permeability barrier to prevent the entry of noxious compounds and at the same time to allow the influx of nutrient molecules. this review summarizes the development in the field since ... | 2003 | 14665678 |
| n-acetyl-l-cysteine affects growth, extracellular polysaccharide production, and bacterial biofilm formation on solid surfaces. | n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) is used in medical treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. the positive effects of nac treatment have primarily been attributed to the mucus-dissolving properties of nac, as well as its ability to decrease biofilm formation, which reduces bacterial infections. our results suggest that nac also may be an interesting candidate for use as an agent to reduce and prevent biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces in environments typical of paper mill plants. using ... | 2003 | 12902275 |
| controlled clinical comparison of bact/alert standard aerobic medium with bactec standard aerobic medium for culturing blood. | standard aerobic media are widely used for culturing blood with the bact/alert (biomérieux, inc., durham, n.c.) (bm) and bactec 9240 (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) (bd) automated continuously monitoring instrument systems. although similarly composed of soybean-casein digest broths, the formulations of the standard aerobic media available for these instruments differ from each other in supplements and in sodium polyanetholesulfonate concentration. therefore, we compared the standard aerobi ... | 2003 | 12791854 |
| clinical microbiology of bacterial and fungal sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. | twenty percent of very-low-birth-weight (<1500 g) preterm infants experience a serious systemic infection, and despite advances in neonatal intensive care and antimicrobials, mortality is as much as threefold higher for these infants who develop sepsis than their counterparts without sepsis during their hospitalization. outcomes may be improved by preventative strategies, earlier and accurate diagnosis, and adjunct therapies to combat infection and protect the vulnerable preterm infant during an ... | 2004 | 15258097 |
| bacterial diversity in agricultural soils during litter decomposition. | denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of amplified fragments of genes coding for 16s rrna was used to study the development of bacterial communities during decomposition of crop residues in agricultural soils. ten strains were tested, and eight of these strains produced a single band. furthermore, a mixture of strains yielded distinguishable bands. thus, dgge dna band patterns were used to estimate bacterial diversity. a field experiment performed with litter in nylon bags was used to e ... | 2004 | 14711676 |
| relationship between triclosan and susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from hands in the community. | the possible association between triclosan and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic was examined among staphylococci and several species of gram-negative bacteria (gnb) isolated from the hands of individuals in a community setting. hand cultures from individuals randomized to using either antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products (including a hand soap containing 0.2% triclosan) or nonantibacterial cleaning and hygiene products for a 1-year period were taken at baseline and at the end of the ... | 2004 | 15273108 |
| microarray-based identification of bacteria in clinical samples by solid-phase pcr amplification of 23s ribosomal dna sequences. | the rapid identification of the bacteria in clinical samples is important for patient management and antimicrobial therapy. we describe a dna microarray-based pcr approach for the quick detection and identification of bacteria from cervical swab specimens from mares. this on-chip pcr method combines the amplification of a variable region of bacterial 23s ribosomal dna and the simultaneous sequence-specific detection on a solid phase. the solid phase contains bacterial species-specific primers co ... | 2004 | 15004052 |
| use of positive blood cultures for direct identification and susceptibility testing with the vitek 2 system. | in order to further decrease the time lapse between initial inoculation of blood culture media and the reporting of results of identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for microorganisms causing bacteremia, we performed a prospective study in which specially processed fluid from positive blood culture bottles from bactec 9240 (becton dickinson, cockeysville, md.) containing aerobic media were directly inoculated into vitek 2 system cards (bio-mérieux, france). organism identificatio ... | 2004 | 15297523 |
| catheter-related infection in gastrointestinal fistula patients. | to study the incidence, bacterial spectrum and drug sensitivity of catheter-related infection (cri) in gastrointestinal fistula patients. | 2004 | 15112356 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of doripenem, a new carbapenem. | the doripenem mics at which 90% of the tested strains were inhibited ranged from 0.03 to 1 microg/ml for 10 species of enterobacteriaceae (n = 351), from 0.03 to 0.12 microg/ml for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci (n = 119), from 4 to 32 microg/ml for oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (n = 64), from < or =0.008 to 0.06 microg/ml for penicillin-susceptible streptococci (n = 132), and from 1 to 4 microg/ml for penicillin-resistant streptococci (n = 51). overall, doripenem demonstrated in vitro ... | 2004 | 15047550 |
| computer-assisted surveillance for detecting clonal outbreaks of nosocomial infection. | whole-house surveillance for healthcare-associated infection is no longer the recommended practice because of the large personnel time investment required. we developed a computer-based tracking system using microbiologic data as an aid in detecting potential outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections on a hospital-wide basis. monthly total isolates of 25 clinically significant hospital pathogens were tallied from 1991 to 1998 to form a database for future comparison. two different algorithm ... | 2004 | 15004070 |
| evaluation of sensititre automated reading and incubation system for automated reading of sensititre broth microdilution susceptibility plates. | the sensititre automated reading and incubation system (aris) performs automated reading of sensititre identification and susceptibility plates. aris susceptibility results were compared to manually read results. a total of 212 isolates (3352 organism-antimicrobial agent combinations) yielded 99.4% essential agreement and categorical error rates of 0.2% minor, 0% major, and 1.0% very major. aris yields accurate susceptibility results compared to plates read manually. | 2004 | 14766887 |
| impact of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. | the traditional identification of bacteria on the basis of phenotypic characteristics is generally not as accurate as identification based on genotypic methods. comparison of the bacterial 16s rrna gene sequence has emerged as a preferred genetic technique. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis can better identify poorly described, rarely isolated, or phenotypically aberrant strains, can be routinely used for identification of mycobacteria, and can lead to the recognition of novel pathogens and noncul ... | 2004 | 15489351 |
| evaluation of the new vitek 2 card for identification of clinically relevant gram-negative rods. | the vitek 2 card for gram-negative bacteria (biomérieux,marcy-l'etoile, france) has been redesigned to improve the identification of fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli. forty-seven biochemical tests, including 19 enzymatic tests, are present in the new card and interpreted in a kinetic mode. final identification results are available within 10 h. the database allows the identification of 159 different taxa. six hundred fifty-five gram-negative rods (gnr; 511 fermenters and 144 nonfermenters), ... | 2004 | 15364991 |
| use of quantitative 16s ribosomal dna detection for diagnosis of central vascular catheter-associated bacterial infection. | many central vascular catheters (cvcs) are removed unnecessarily because current diagnostic methods for cvc-associated infection are unreliable. a quantitative pcr assay using primers and probe targeted to bacterial 16s ribosomal dna was used to measure the levels of bacterial dna in blood samples drawn through the cvc in a population of patients receiving intravenous nutrition. bacterial dna concentrations were raised in 16 of 16 blood samples taken during episodes of probable bacterial cvc-ass ... | 2004 | 15070980 |
| prevalence of ewingella americana in retail fresh cultivated mushrooms (agaricus bisporus, lentinula edodes and pleurotus ostreatus) in zaragoza (spain). | the prevalence and mycopathogenic potential of enterobacteriaceae (especially ewingella americana) in cultivated mushrooms were studied. a total of 95 samples of agaricus bisporus, lentinula edodes and pleurotus ostreatus were analyzed to quantify the enterobacteriaceae and to identify the species isolated. the host pathogenicity test was used to verify their mycopathogenic potential. the genus pseudomonas was also quantified, since it is the predominant bacterial group in cultivated mushrooms. ... | 2004 | 19712317 |
| application of clindamycin in therapy of orthopaedic infections with special regard to applicability in outpatients practice. | background. there is presented the applicability of clindamycin alone or combined with chinolon group antibiotics in therapy of orthopaedic infections. <br /> material and methods. in the period 1998-2002 a group of 47 patients underwent therepy due to soft tisue infection within extremities (9 patients), osteomyelitis (30) and periprosthetic infection (8). in 21 cases there was acute (within 1 month) and in 26 cases chronic infection. etiologicaf factors include: staphylococcus aureus (35), aci ... | 2004 | 18033993 |
| enzymatic redox properties of novel nitrotriazole explosives implications for their toxicity. | the toxicity of conventional nitroaromatic explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is caused by their enzymatic free radical formation with the subsequent oxidative stress, the formation of alkylating nitroso and/or hydroxylamino metabolites, and oxyhemoglobin oxidation into methemoglobin. in order to get an insight into the mechanisms of toxicity of the novel explosives nto (5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one) and anta (5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine), we examined their reactions with the single-el ... | 2004 | 18998409 |
| transgenic ice nucleation-active enterobacter cloacae reduces cold hardiness of corn borer and cotton bollworm larvae. | the ice nucleation (in) gene icea of erwinia ananas 110 was integrated into the chromosomes of two enterobacter cloacae strains (enc1.2022 and enc1.181). these two newly derived transgenic strains, designated enc2022-i and enc181-i, respectively, possessed ice nucleation activity at -2.5 degrees c, significantly higher than their parent strains (active at approx -10 degrees c or lower). after ingesting these transgenic bacteria, the mean supercooling points (scps) of corn borer and cotton bollwo ... | 2004 | 16329857 |
| biosorption of heavy metals by a marine bacterium. | heavy metal chelation property of exopolysaccharide produced by enterobacter cloaceae, a marine bacterium, isolated from the west coast of india, is reported in this paper. the exopolysaccharide demonstrated excellent chelating properties with respect to cadmium (65%) followed by copper (20%) and cobalt (8%) at 100 mg/l heavy metal concentration. however, it could not chelate mercury. a comparative study of the percentage biosorption of the above mentioned metals is presented here. | 2004 | 15757698 |
| hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by class c beta-lactamases. structures of a transition state analog of cefotoxamine in wild-type and extended spectrum enzymes. | bacterial resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins is an issue of great concern in current antibiotic therapeutics. an important source of this resistance is from production of extended-spectrum (es) beta-lactamases by bacteria. the enterobacter cloacae gc1 enzyme is an example of a class c es beta-lactamase. unlike wild-type (wt) forms, such as the e. cloacae p99 and citrobacter freundii enzymes, the es gc1 beta-lactamase is able to rapidly hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins suc ... | 2004 | 14660590 |
| comparative study of the effects of ceftizoxime, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam concentrations on antibacterial activity and selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae and bacteroides fragilis in vitro and in vivo in mixed-infection abscesses. | the effects of ceftizoxime (czx), piperacillin (pip), and pip-tazobactam (pt) concentrations on the antibacterial activity and selection of resistant mutants of bacteroides fragilis and enterobacter cloacae were investigated in vitro in a mixed-culture anaerobic time-kill study and in vivo in a mixed-infection abscess model. mixed cultures were incubated for 24 h with 0.125 to 512 micro g of czx per ml or 0.125 to 2,048 micro g of pip or pt per ml. mice were treated every 2 h for 24 h with czx a ... | 2004 | 15105122 |
| peritoneal fluid titer test for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. | standard microbiological tests (i.e., mic) do not account for the unique factors of peritoneal dialysis (pd)-related peritonitis which can significantly influence treatment response. our goals were to develop a peritoneal fluid titer (pft) test and to conduct a pilot study of its association with clinical outcome. the methodology was developed by using spent dialysate collected from patients with bacterial pd-related peritonitis prior to the initiation of antibiotics. dialysate was processed and ... | 2004 | 15105126 |
| burkholderia cepacia infections associated with intrinsically contaminated ultrasound gel: the role of microbial degradation of parabens. | to describe an outbreak of serious nosocomial burkholderia cepacia infections occurring after transrectal prostate biopsy associated with ultrasound gel intrinsically contaminated with paraben-degrading microorganisms. | 2004 | 15108725 |
| antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacilli isolates from inpatients and outpatients at yaounde central hospital, cameroon. | to determine and compare antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogenic bacteria from inpatients and outpatients at a university teaching hospital in yaounde, cameroon. | 2004 | 15109589 |
| the antibacterial innate immune response by the mosquito aedes aegypti is mediated by hemocytes and independent of gram type and pathogenicity. | previous mosquito studies showed that the hemocyte-mediated innate immune response against gram- escherichia coli is phagocytosis, but against gram+ micrococcus sp., is melanization. we examined the immune responses mounted by aedes aegypti towards gram- enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhimurium, and gram+ bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. using light microscopy, electron microscopy ... | 2004 | 15109959 |
| flavoenzyme-catalyzed redox cycling of hydroxylamino- and amino metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene: implications for their cytotoxicity. | the toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt), a widespread environmental contaminant, is exerted through its enzymatic redox cycling and/or covalent binding of its reduction products to proteins and dna. in this study, we examined the possibility of another cytotoxicity mechanism of the amino- and hydroxylamino metabolites of tnt, their flavoenzyme-catalyzed redox cycling. the above compounds acted as redox-cycling substrates for single-electron transferring nadph:cytochrome p-450 reductase (p-45 ... | 2004 | 15111126 |
| [bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between april 2002 and march 2003]. | tendency of isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from april 2002 to march 2003 were investigated in a multicenter study in japan, and the following results were obtained. in this series, 334 strains were isolated from 131 (75.3%) of 174 patients with surgical infections. one hundred and seventy-one strains were isolated from primary infections, and 163 strains were isolated from post-operative infections. from primary infections, anaerobic gram-positive bacteria ... | 2004 | 15116573 |
| gram-negative bacillary meningitis after cranial surgery or trauma in adults. | in order to assess the clinical features, aetiology, treatment and outcome of post-neurosurgical and post-traumatic gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) we performed a retrospective review of all adult patients admitted to the department of neurosurgery who had gram-negative bacilli cultured from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) following a neurosurgical procedure or traumatic head/spinal injury. during the 12 y of the review 33 patients had csf isolates of gram-negative bacilli that were thought ... | 2004 | 15119359 |
| isolation, characterization, and u(vi)-reducing potential of a facultatively anaerobic, acid-resistant bacterium from low-ph, nitrate- and u(vi)-contaminated subsurface sediment and description of salmonella subterranea sp. nov. | a facultatively anaerobic, acid-resistant bacterium, designated strain frcl, was isolated from a low-ph, nitrate- and u(vi)-contaminated subsurface sediment at site fw-024 at the natural and accelerated bioremediation research field research center in oak ridge, tenn. strain frcl was enriched at ph 4.5 in minimal medium with nitrate as the electron acceptor, hydrogen as the electron donor, and acetate as the carbon source. clones with 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences identical to the sequence ... | 2004 | 15128557 |
| anaerobic nitrogen-fixing consortia consisting of clostridia isolated from gramineous plants. | we report here the existence of anaerobic nitrogen-fixing consortia (anficos) consisting of n(2)-fixing clostridia and diverse nondiazotrophic bacteria in nonleguminous plants; we found these anficos while attempting to overcome a problem with culturing nitrogen-fixing microbes from various gramineous plants. a major feature of anficos is that n(2) fixation by the anaerobic clostridia is supported by the elimination of oxygen by the accompanying bacteria in the culture. in a few anficos, nondiaz ... | 2004 | 15128572 |
| atomic resolution structures and solution behavior of enzyme-substrate complexes of enterobacter cloacae pb2 pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase. multiple conformational states and implications for the mechanism of nitroaromatic explosive degradation. | the structure of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) reductase in complex with the nitroaromatic substrate picric acid determined previously at 1.55 a resolution indicated additional electron density between the indole ring of residue trp-102 and the nitro group at c-6 of picrate. the data suggested the presence of an unusual bond between substrate and the tryptophan side chain. herein, we have extended the resolution of the petn reductase-picric acid complex to 0.9 a. this high-resolution analy ... | 2004 | 15128738 |
| new real-time pcr assay for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from specimens containing a mixture of staphylococci. | molecular methods for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) are generally based on the detection of an s. aureus-specific gene target and the meca gene. however, such methods cannot be applied for the direct detection of mrsa from nonsterile specimens such as nasal samples without the previous isolation, capture, or enrichment of mrsa because these samples often contain both coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons) and s. aureus, either of which can carry ... | 2004 | 15131143 |
| corynebacterium species isolated from bone and joint infections identified by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. | by the use of 16s rrna gene sequence analysis we identified 28 of 31 corynebacterium spp. isolated from bone and joint infections, including species never before isolated in such infections. phenotypic analysis led to the correct identification of 8 of 31. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis appears to be a good technique for identification of clinical strains of corynebacterium spp. | 2004 | 15131198 |
| validated 5' nuclease pcr assay for rapid identification of the genus brucella. | a real-time, genus-specific 5' nuclease pcr assay for amplification of a 322-bp fragment of the per gene was developed for rapid (<2 h) identification of brucella spp. from agar plates. the assay, including an internal amplification control (116 bp), identified brucella strains (n = 23) and did not detect non-brucella strains (n = 174), indicating its usefulness, particularly for laboratories with stringent quality assurance programs. | 2004 | 15131207 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in the united states in 2002. | bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. antimicrobial susceptibility patterns should guide the choice of empiric antimicrobial regimens for patients with bacteremia. | 2004 | 15134581 |
| chromophoric spin-labeled beta-lactam antibiotics for endor structural characterization of reaction intermediates of class a and class c beta-lactamases. | the chromophoric spin-label substrate 6-n-[3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxypyrrolin-3-yl)-propen-2-oyl]penicillanic acid (slppen) was synthesized by acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid with the acid chloride of 3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxypyrrolinyl)-2-propenoic acid and characterized by physical methods. by application of angle-selected electron nuclear double resonance (endor), we have determined the molecular structure of slppen in solution. slppen exhibited uv absorption properties that allowe ... | 2004 | 15134725 |
| comparison of the double-disk, combined disk, and etest methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacilli. | three phenotypic methods for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) in gram-negative bacilli were tested on 60 mbl producers and 155 mbl nonproducers. the 2-mercaptopropionic acid double-disk potentiation method using ceftazidime and cefepime with and without clavulanate was found to be most sensitive (100%). the combined disk method depends on comparing the zones given by disks containing a beta-lactam with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. various drug combinations were tested, an ... | 2004 | 15135493 |
| plasmid-encoded functions compensate for the biological cost of ampc overexpression in a clinical isolate of salmonella typhimurium. | in a previous study with a salmonella typhimurium strain containing cloned ampc-ampr from enterobacter cloacae, it was suggested that ampc expression must be kept at low levels by ampr to maintain normal growth and virulent phenotype. the purpose of this study was to determine whether findings obtained with a laboratory model can be extended to a virulent clinical isolate of s. typhimurium expressing the plasmid-encoded bla(cmy-7). | 2004 | 15140855 |
| relationship between ceftriaxone use and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins among clinical strains of enterobacter cloacae. | to investigate the potential correlation between the use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and resistance to this antibiotic class among clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae in a university-affiliated hospital. | 2004 | 15150164 |
| evaluation of a new cefepime-clavulanate esbl etest to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in an enterobacteriaceae strain collection. | in this study, we evaluated the performance of a new esbl etest configuration based on clavulanate synergy with cefepime compared with cefotaxime-clavulanate and ceftazidime-clavulanate esbl etest strips for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) in an enterobacteriaceae strain collection, with special focus on enterobacter spp. | 2004 | 15150168 |
| nosocomial spread of ceftazidime-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing a novel class a beta-lactamase, ges-3, in a neonatal intensive care unit in japan. | klebsiella pneumoniae strain kg525, which showed high-level resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins, was isolated from the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of a japanese hospital in march 2002. the ceftazidime resistance of strain kg525 was transferable to escherichia coli csh-2 by conjugation. cloning and sequence analysis revealed that production of a novel extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase (pi 7.0), designated ges-3, which had two amino acid substitutions of m62t and e104k on th ... | 2004 | 15155185 |
| antimicrobial activities of garenoxacin (bms 284756) against asia-pacific region clinical isolates from the sentry program, 1999 to 2001. | between 1999 and 2001, 16,731 isolates from the asia-pacific region were tested in the sentry program for susceptibility to six fluoroquinolones including garenoxacin. garenoxacin was four- to eightfold less active against enterobacteriaceae than ciprofloxacin, although both drugs inhibited similar percentages at 1 microg/ml. garenoxacin was more active against gram-positive species than all other fluoroquinolones except gemifloxacin. for staphylococcus aureus, oxacillin resistance was high in m ... | 2004 | 15155198 |
| salmonella gene rma (rama) and multiple-drug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | mara and its homologue, rama, have been implicated in multidrug resistance (mdr). rama overexpression in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli conferred mdr independently of mara. inactivation of rama did not affect the antibiotic susceptibilities of wild-type s. enterica serovar typhimurium or 15 unrelated clinical mdr isolates. thus, rama overexpression is not a common mdr mechanism in salmonella. | 2004 | 15155237 |
| molecular characterization of a carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sfc-1, from serratia fonticola utad54. | an environmental isolate of serratia fonticola resistant to carbapenems contains a gene encoding a class a beta-lactamase with carbapenemase activity. the enzyme was designated sfc-1. the bla(sfc-i) gene is contained in the chromosome of s. fonticola utad54 and is absent from other s. fonticola strains. | 2004 | 15155245 |
| [bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study]. | bact-alert automatized system for blood cultures: 5 vs 7 days of incubation. first argentine multicentre study. between january and december 2001, we analyzed 80,141 blood cultures by the bact-alert system (14,960 fan aerobics, 3,855 fan anaerobic, 11,114 standards aerobics, 11,367 standards anaerobic, 12,054 pediatrics and 26,791 fan pediatrics bottles) and 44.235 series from 27.615 patients at eight hospitals of buenos aires city, one of la plata city and three of the buenos aires province. a ... | 2004 | 15174746 |
| enteric gram-negative bacilli bloodstream infections: 17 years' experience in a neonatal intensive care unit. | to assess the occurrence of enteric gram-negative bacilli (egnb) bloodstream infections (bsi) in a neonatal intensive care setting during a 17-year period in which a consistent antibiotic treatment program was in place. to document infections, outbreaks, or epidemics, emergence of antibiotic resistance, clinical correlates, and outcomes of the most prevalent egnb (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae). | 2004 | 15175611 |
| emergence of enterobacter cloacae as a common pathogen in neonatal units: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. | in the first week of december 2002, three infants hospitalized in the neonatal department of our hospital had blood cultures positive with enterobacter cloacae. screening cultures and genotyping showed that 10 of 25 screened patients also carried e. cloacae and that nine isolates belonged to the same clone as that responsible for all three bacteraemias. this epidemic cluster was limited to one of the two units of the department. surveillance of both units continued until the end of march 2003; 5 ... | 2004 | 15183241 |
| biotransformation of explosives by the old yellow enzyme family of flavoproteins. | several independent studies of bacterial degradation of nitrate ester explosives have demonstrated the involvement of flavin-dependent oxidoreductases related to the old yellow enzyme (oye) of yeast. some of these enzymes also transform the nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). in this work, catalytic capabilities of five members of the oye family were compared, with a view to correlating structure and function. the activity profiles of the five enzymes differed substantially; no ... | 2004 | 15184158 |
| quantification of intestinal bacterial populations by real-time pcr with a universal primer set and minor groove binder probes: a global approach to the enteric flora. | the composition of the human intestinal flora is important for the health status of the host. the global composition and the presence of specific pathogens are relevant to the effects of the flora. therefore, accurate quantification of all major bacterial populations of the enteric flora is needed. a taqman real-time pcr-based method for the quantification of 20 dominant bacterial species and groups of the intestinal flora has been established on the basis of 16s ribosomal dna taxonomy. a pcr wi ... | 2004 | 15184435 |
| comparison of the roche lightcycler vana/vanb detection assay and culture for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from perianal swabs. | we compared the performance characteristics of a real-time pcr method, the lightcycler vana/vanb detection assay (roche diagnostics corporation, indianapolis, ind.) to that of enterococcosel agar (bbl, sparks, md.) for direct detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) from 894 perianal stool swabs. for 421 of 894 swabs, the result for lightcycler pcr was compared to an enterococcosel plate containing vancomycin at 6 microg/ml; for the remaining 473 swabs, the result for lightcycler pcr ... | 2004 | 15184445 |
| clinical significance and mechanism of gas formation of pyogenic liver abscess due to klebsiella pneumoniae. | we enrolled 22 patients with gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess in a study to assess the mechanism of gas formation. klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from specimens from all patients. gas and pus samples from abscesses revealed four major components: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen; this implicates mixed acid fermentation of glucose as the mechanism of gas formation. | 2004 | 15184470 |
| in vitro activities of beta-lactam antibiotics alone and in combination with sulbactam against gram-negative bacteria. | the resistance rates of ampicillin/sulbactam 2:1 against imipenem-susceptible and -resistant acinetobacter baumannii were 23.5 and 30%, respectively. ceftazidime/sulbactam combination showed significant reduction of resistant rates against enterobacter cloacae, a. baumannii, esbl klebsiella pneumoniae. mic90 of cefoperazone against e. cloacae, serratia marcescens, a. baumannii and esbl k. pneumoniae were > 128 mg/l. addition of sulbactam enhanced the antimicrobial activities significantly. when ... | 2004 | 15194130 |
| mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (qm/mm) study of the deacylation reaction in a penicillin binding protein (pbp) versus in a class c beta-lactamase. | the origin of the substantial difference in deacylation rates for acyl-enzyme intermediates in penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) and beta-lactamases has remained an unsolved puzzle whose solution is of great importance to understanding bacterial antibiotic resistance. in this work, accurate, large-scale mixed ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (qm/mm) calculations have been used to study the hydrolysis of acyl-enzyme intermediates formed between cephalothin and the dd-peptidase o ... | 2004 | 15198613 |
| clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of sars patients. | clinical and laboratory data on severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), particularly on the temporal progression of abnormal laboratory findings, are limited. we conducted a prospective study on the clinical, radiologic, and hematologic findings of sars patients with pneumonia, who were admitted to national taiwan university hospital from march 8 to june 15, 2003. fever was the most frequent initial symptom, followed by cough, myalgia, dyspnea, and diarrhea. twenty-four patients had various un ... | 2004 | 15200814 |
| causative agents of liver abscess in thai hepatitis b carriers. | liver abscess and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection are two significant tropical gastrointestinal disorders. the concurrence between these two disorders yields poor prognosis, which then often leads to the need for intensive care. the aim of this study was to investigate the causal pathogens of liver abscess in hbv carriers. this retrospective case review was conducted on 35 thai hospitalized hbv carriers who had diagnosis of liver abscess. a high rate of amoebic liver abscess in this series (37 ... | 2004 | 15208523 |
| diffuse pneumocephalus caused by neonatal enterobacter cloacae meningitis. | 2004 | 15210666 | |
| rama is an alternate activator of the multidrug resistance cascade in enterobacter aerogenes. | multidrug resistance (mdr) in enterobacter aerogenes can be mediated by induction of mara, which is triggered by certain antibiotics and phenolic compounds. in this study, we identified the gene encoding rama, a 113-amino-acid regulatory protein belonging to the arac-xyls transcriptional activator family, in the enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048 type strain and in a clinical multiresistant isolate. overexpression of rama induced an mdr phenotype in drug-susceptible escherichia coli jm109 and e. ... | 2004 | 15215103 |
| inhibitor-sensitive ampc beta-lactamase variant produced by an escherichia coli clinical isolate resistant to oxyiminocephalosporins and cephamycins. | escherichia coli hky28, a ceftazidime-resistant strain isolated from a urine specimen in japan, produced an inhibitor-sensitive ampc beta-lactamase variant. the deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme contained a number of substitutions and a tripeptide deletion (gly286-ser287-asp288) compared with the sequence of native ampc of e. coli. when the deletion was reverted by a 9-base insertion at the relevant site of ampc in the clone, the typical inhibitor-resistant phenotype of ampc was restored ... | 2004 | 15215122 |
| evaluation of the uro-quick, a new rapid automated system, for the detection of well-characterized antibiotic-resistant bacteria. | the uro-quick system has been employed to detect antibiotic resistance in genotypically and/or phenotypically well-characterized bacterial species including those that might not be easily identified by routine procedure. in order to achieve full agreement between the antibiotic susceptibility results obtained by the reference method (nccls) and the uro-quick system, the optimal experimental conditions (inoculum size, time of incubation and antibiotic concentration) for each strain to be used by ... | 2004 | 15216942 |
| resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobials among pathogens of both bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection. | this study examined the distribution of organisms and their antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted due to acute bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection (uti). during a period of 1 year and 1 month, a total of 201 patients and 253 bacterial isolates were studied. fever higher than 38.5 degrees c was significantly more common in the bacteremic group than the non-bacteremic group (68% vs 48%; p<0.05). escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerug ... | 2004 | 15221039 |
| a new protocol for the detection of enterobacter sakazakii applied to environmental samples. | enterobacter sakazakii is a motile, peritrichous, gram-negative rod that was previously known as a yellow pigmented enterobacter cloacae. it is documented as a rare cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of life-threatening neonatal meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis. e. sakazakii has been isolated from milk powder-based formulas, and there is thus a need to investigate whether and where e. sakazakii occurs in these manufacturing environments. for this purpose, a simple detection m ... | 2004 | 15222563 |
| molecular epidemiology of gram-negative bacilli from infected neonates and health care workers' hands in neonatal intensive care units. | we sought to characterize the molecular epidemiology of gram-negative bacilli (gnb) causing infections in infants and associated with carriage on nurses' hands after hand hygiene was performed. from march 2001 to january 2003, gnb caused 192 (34%) of 562 hospital-acquired infections in the 2 participating neonatal intensive care units (nicus) and were isolated from the hands of 45 (38%) of 119 nurses. five species--klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcesc ... | 2004 | 15227612 |
| combination of pcr targeting the vd2 of omp1 and reverse line blot analysis for typing of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis serovars in cervical scrape specimens. | in this study we developed and evaluated a new pcr-based typing assay, directed to the vd2 region of the omp1 gene, for the detection and typing of urogenital chlamydia trachomatis infections. a nested vd2 pcr-reverse line blot (rlb) assay was developed for the typing of nine different urogenital serovars of c. trachomatis. the assay developed was tested with reference strains of c. trachomatis serovars and cervical scrapes of 86 colombian women previously found to be positive for c. trachomatis ... | 2004 | 15243041 |
| evaluation of the hyplex bloodscreen multiplex pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for direct identification of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures. | we evaluated the hyplex bloodscreen pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system (bag, lich, germany), a new diagnostic test for the direct identification of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci from positive blood cultures, with 482 positive bactec 9240 blood culture bottles. the test involves amplification of the bacterial dna by multiplex pcr and subsequent hybridization of the pcr product to specific oligonucleotide probes in an elisa-based format. the available probes allow ... | 2004 | 15243074 |