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in vitro glucuronidation of 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol by microsomes and hepatocytes from rats and humans.2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol (bmp) is a brominated flame retardant used in unsaturated polyester resins. in a 2-year bioassay bmp was shown to be a multisite carcinogen in rats and mice. because glucuronidation is the key metabolic transformation of bmp by rats, in this study the in vitro hepatic glucuronidation of bmp was compared across several species. in addition, the glucuronidation activities of human intestinal microsomes and specific human hepatic udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt ...201020200232
virulence properties and integron-associated antibiotic resistance of klebsiella mobilis strains isolated from clinical specimens.this study examined klebsiella mobilis isolates cultured from clinical specimens for virulence-associated properties and antibiotic resistance. the strains produced a number of siderophores, including enterobactin, aerobactin and yersiniabactin. all isolates were able to adhere to and invade epithelial cells. they had cytotoxic activity, which caused destruction of human laryngeal epithelial hep-2 cells and evoked lysis of murine macrophage j774 cells. analyses of hep-2 and j774 cellular morphol ...201021088128
characterization of the klebsiella aerogenes urease accessory protein ured in fusion with the maltose binding protein.assembly of the klebsiella aerogenes urease metallocenter requires four accessory proteins, ured, uree, uref, and ureg, to effectively deliver and incorporate two ni2+ ions into the nascent active site of the urease apoprotein (ureabc). each accessory protein has been purified and characterized with the exception of ured due to its insolubility when it is overproduced in recombinant cells. in this study, a translational fusion was made between the maltose binding protein (mbp) and ured, with the ...201020207756
analysis of multiple metabolites of tocopherols and tocotrienols in mice and humans.tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as vitamin e, are essential antioxidant nutrients. the biological fates and metabolite profiles of the different forms are not clearly understood. the objective of this study is to simultaneously analyze the metabolites of different tocopherols and tocotrienols in mouse and human samples. using hplc/electrochemical detection and mass spectrometry, 18 tocopherol-derived and 24 tocotrienol-derived side-chain degradation metabolites were identified i ...201020222730
characterization of esbl (shv-12) producing clinical isolate of enterobacter aerogenes from a tertiary care hospital in nigeria.we studied the beta-lactamases of an e. aerogenes isolate recovered from the blood of a two-year-old patient. the isolate demonstrated a disk-diffusion phenotype typical for an ampc-esbl co-producer.201020067633
the filter-feeding ciliates colpidium striatum and tetrahymena pyriformis display selective feeding behaviours in the presence of mixed, equally-sized, bacterial prey.this study examined whether two ciliates could discriminate between equally-sized bacterial prey in mixture and if so, how selectivity might benefit the ciliate population. live klebsiella aerogenes, k. ozaenae and escherichia coli, expressing different coloured fluorescent proteins, were cultured in such a way as to provide populations containing equally-sized cells (to prevent size-selective grazing taking place) and these prey were fed to each ciliate in 50:50 mixtures. colpidium striatum sel ...201020471910
quinazoline derivatives are efficient chemosensitizers of antibiotic activity in enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains.amongst the three series of quinazoline derivatives synthesised and studied in this work, some molecules increase the antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria presenting multidrug-resistant phenotypes. n-alkyl compounds induced an increase in the activity of chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and sparfloxacin, which are substrates of the acrab-tolc and mexab-oprm efflux pumps in clinical isolates. these molecules are able to increase the intracellular concentration of chloramphenicol in ...201020494558
development of molecular-based methods for determination of high histamine producing bacteria in fish.histamine (or scombroid) fish poisoning is a significant cause of food borne disease in the united states. in this study, we describe the development of a molecular-based technique which uses digoxigenin (dig) labeled dna probes for the detection of gram negative bacteria producing high amounts of histamine (>1000 ppm). a cocktail of pcr amplification fragments corresponding to a 709 bp fragment of the histidine decarboxylase (hdc) gene of four high producing bacteria (morganella morganii, enter ...201020392504
evaluation of efflux activity of bacteria by a semi-automated fluorometric system.a semi-automated method that uses the common efflux pump (ep) substrate ethidium bromide (eb) is described for the assessment of ep systems of bacteria. the method employs the rotor-gene(tm) 3000 thermocycler (corbett research) for the real-time assessment of accumulation and efflux of eb in phosphate-buffered solution (pbs) under varying physiological conditions, such as temperature, ph, presence and absence of the energy source, and presence of efflux pumps inhibitors (epis). the method is suf ...201020401593
a highly sensitive detection platform based on surface-enhanced raman scattering for escherichia coli enumeration.a very sensitive and highly specific heterogeneous immunoassay system, based on surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) and gold nanoparticles, was developed for the detection of bacteria and other pathogens. two different types of gold nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized gold nanosphere and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab)-stabilized gold nanorod particles) were examined and this immunoassay was applied for the detection of escherichia coli. raman labels were constructed by using these ...201020401720
pathological fracture of the right distal radius caused by enterobacter aerogenes osteomyelitis in an adult.a pathological fracture is a break in a diseased bone caused by weakening of the bone structure by a pathological process with no identifiable trauma. acute bacterial osteomyelitis that results in pathological fractures in the extremities is rare in adults. to our knowledge, we report the first case of enterobacter aerogenes osteomyelitis of the right distal radius, complicated with a pathological fracture, in a 79-year-old man with diabetes, which was diagnosed by radiological, microbiological, ...201020335785
antibacterial abietane-type diterpenoid, taxodone from metasequoia glyptostroboides miki ex hu.in an attempt to isolate bioactive constituents, ethyl acetate cone extract of metasequoia glyptostroboides was subjected to a column chromatographic analysis that resulted in isolation of an abietane-type diterpenoid, taxodone. its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic means. further, taxodone showed potential antibacterial effect as diameters of zones of inhibition against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, such as listeria monocytogenes atcc 19166, salmonella typhimurium kctc 2515, s. enterit ...201021289435
antibacterial and antifungal activities from siamese crocodile blood.to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the siamese crocodile blood against bacteria and fungi.201021294399
evaluation of etest to determine tigecycline mics for enterobacter species. 201020350941
raman spectroscopy of xylitol uptake and metabolism in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.visible-wavelength raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the uptake and metabolism of the five-carbon sugar alcohol xylitol by gram-positive viridans group streptococcus and the two extensively used strains of gram-negative escherichia coli, e. coli c and e. coli k-12. e. coli c, but not e. coli k-12, contains a complete xylitol operon, and the viridans group streptococcus contains an incomplete xylitol operon used to metabolize the xylitol. raman spectra from xylitol-exposed viridans group ...201021037297
antibacterial activity of the latex of argemone ochroleuca sweet.to investigate the antibacterial effect of the crude latex of argemone ochroleuca (a. ochroleuca) as antibacterial potential against a range of human pathogenic bacteria.201021063649
an outbreak of klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes bacteremia after interventional pain management procedures, new york city, 2008.in october 2008, an investigation was conducted into a cluster of gram-negative bloodstream infections after invasive pain management procedures at an outpatient facility to identify additional cases and determine the source of illness.201020975462
trends in production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae of clinical interest: results of a nationwide survey in belgian hospitals.to assess the frequency and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) in enterobacteriaceae isolates in belgium.201021036771
raman spectroscopy of xylitol uptake and metabolism in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.visible-wavelength raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the uptake and metabolism of the five-carbon sugar alcohol xylitol by gram-positive viridans group streptococcus and the two extensively used strains of gram-negative escherichia coli, e. coli c and e. coli k-12. e. coli c, but not e. coli k-12, contains a complete xylitol operon, and the viridans group streptococcus contains an incomplete xylitol operon used to metabolize the xylitol. raman spectra from xylitol-exposed viridans group ...201021037297
sers-based sandwich immunoassay using antibody coated magnetic nanoparticles for escherichia coli enumeration.a method combining immunomagnetic separation (ims) and surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) was developed to enumerate escherichia coli (e. coli). gold-coated magnetic spherical nanoparticles were prepared by immobilizing biotin-labeled anti-e. coli antibodies onto avidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles and used in the separation and concentration of the e. coli cells. raman labels have been constructed using rod shaped gold nanoparticles coated with 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (dtnb) ...201021125089
comparison of (gtg)5-oligonucleotide and ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer (its)-pcr for molecular typing of klebsiella isolates.molecular typing of klebsiella species has become important for monitoring dissemination of β-lactamase-producers in hospital environments. the present study was designed to evaluate poly-trinucleotide (gtg)(5)- and rdna intergenic transcribed spacer (its)-pcr fingerprint analysis for typing of klebsiella pneumoniae and klebsiella oxytoca isolates. multiple displacement amplified dna derived from 19 k. pneumoniae (some with an esbl-phenotype), 35 k. oxytoca isolates, five k. pneumoniae, two k. o ...201021129413
characterization of six antibacterial response genes from the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) larval gut and their expression in response to bacterial challenge.six cdnas encoding putative antibacterial response proteins were identified and characterized from the larval gut of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). these antibacterial response proteins include four peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps), one β-1,3-glucanase-1 (βglu-1), and one lysozyme. tissue-specific expression analysis showed that these genes were highly expressed in the midgut, except for lysozyme. analysis of expression of these genes in different developmental stage sho ...201021167833
structure of rv1848 (urea), the mycobacterium tuberculosis urease gamma subunit.the crystal structure of the urease gamma subunit (urea) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, rv1848, has been determined at 1.8 a resolution. the asymmetric unit contains three copies of rv1848 arranged into a homotrimer that is similar to the urea trimer in the structure of urease from klebsiella aerogenes. small-angle x-ray scattering experiments indicate that the rv1848 protein also forms trimers in solution. the observed homotrimer and the organization of urease genes within the m. tuberculosis ...201020606272
mutagenesis of klebsiella aerogenes ureg to probe nickel binding and interactions with other urease-related proteins.ureg is a gtpase required for assembly of the nickel-containing active site of urease. herein, a strep-tagged klebsiella aerogenes ureg (ureg(str)) and selected site-directed variants of ureg(str) were constructed for studying the in vivo effects on urease activation in recombinant escherichia coli cells, characterizing properties of the purified proteins, and analysis of in vivo and in vitro protein-protein interactions. whereas the strep tag had no effect on ureg's ability to activate urease, ...201020533838
physiological characterisation of the efflux pump system of antibiotic-susceptible and multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes.enterobacter aerogenes predominates amongst enterobacteriaceae species that are increasingly reported as producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. although this mechanism of resistance to beta-lactams is important, other mechanisms bestowing a multidrug-resistant (mdr) phenotype in this species are now well documented. amongst these mechanisms is the overexpression of efflux pumps that extrude structurally unrelated antibiotics prior to their reaching their targets. interestingly, although ...201020688487
phytoremediation of mercury in pristine and crude oil contaminated soils: contributions of rhizobacteria and their host plants to mercury removal.the rhizospheric soils of three tested legume crops: broad beans (vicia faba), beans (phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (pisum sativum), and two nonlegume crops: cucumber (cucumis sativus) and tomato, (lycopersicon esculentum) contained considerable numbers (the magnitude of 10(5)g(-1) soil) of bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon-utilization and mercury-resistance. sequencing of the 16s rrna coding genes of rhizobacteria associated with broad beans revealed that they were affiliated t ...201020833430
hexavalent chromium reduction by bacterial consortia and pure strains from an alkaline industrial effluent.to characterize the bacterial consortia and isolates selected for their role in hexavalent chromium removal by adsorption and reduction.201020854455
aerobic growth at nanomolar oxygen concentrations.molecular oxygen (o(2)) is the second most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere, but in many natural environments, its concentration is reduced to low or even undetectable levels. although low-oxygen-adapted organisms define the ecology of low-oxygen environments, their capabilities are not fully known. these capabilities also provide a framework for reconstructing a critical period in the history of life, because low, but not negligible, atmospheric oxygen levels could have persisted before t ...201020974919
coliform accumulation in amphibalanus amphitrite (darwin, 1854) (cirripedia) and its use as an organic pollution bioindicator in the estuarine area of recife, pernambuco, brazil.samples of water and barnacles amphibalanus amphitrite were collected from recife, brazil, to assess if it accumulates total (tc) and thermotolerant coliforms (ttc) related with sewage pollution. the most probable number (mpn) values and the standard procedures for examination of shellfish were used. comparatively with the water samples, the highest coliform values came from the barnacles, with tc values ranging from < 3.0 x 10(3) to > 2.4 x 10(6) mpn.g-1, and ttc ranging from > 2.4 x 10(3) to 2 ...201020549061
high-dose ciprofloxacin for serious gram-negative infection in an obese, critically ill patient receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.to describe the pharmacokinetic profile and clinical outcome associated with high-dose ciprofloxacin therapy in a patient with the triad of extreme obesity, multiple organ failure, and deep-seated infection.201020736424
antimicrobial screening of ethnobotanically important stem bark of medicinal plants.the stem barks are the rich sources of tannins and other phenolic compounds. tannins inhibited the growth of various fungi, yeast, bacteria and virus. hence, ten stem barks of ethnomedicinally important plants were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities against human pathogenic strains.201021808577
antiarthritic and antioxidant effects of the leaf extract of ficus exasperata p. beauv. (moraceae).leaf extracts of ficus exasperata p. beauv. (moraceae) are commonly used in ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of several pathological states including inflammatory disorders. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antiarthritic effect of an ethanolic extract of f. exasperata (fee) in the freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats. since free radicals and reactive oxygen species are implicated in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, the antioxid ...201021808547
isolation and identification of microbes associated with mobile phones in dammam in eastern saudi arabia.this study was conducted to determine microbial contamination of mobile phones in the city of dammam, in the eastern region of saudi arabia, and identify the most important microbial species associated with these phones in order to take the necessary remedial measures.201022022665
total (bio)synthesis: strategies of nature and of chemists.the biosynthetic pathways to a number of natural products have been reconstituted in vitro using purified enzymes. many of these molecules have also been synthesized by organic chemists. here we compare the strategies used by nature and by chemists to reveal the underlying logic and success of each total synthetic approach for some exemplary molecules with diverse biosynthetic origins.201021495259
bioluminescent probes of sulfatase activity. 201020872389
retroperitoneal-necrotizing fasciitis due to chronic pyelonephritis. 201021063573
differential ammonia metabolism in aedes aegypti fat body and midgut tissues.in order to understand at the tissue level how aedes aegypti copes with toxic ammonia concentrations that result from the rapid metabolism of blood meal proteins, we investigated the incorporation of (15)n from (15)nh(4)cl into amino acids using an in vitro tissue culture system. fat body or midgut tissues from female mosquitoes were incubated in an aedes saline solution supplemented with glucose and (15)nh(4)cl for 10-40min. the media were then mixed with deuterium-labeled amino acids, dried an ...201020206632
isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria from non-rhizospheric soil and their effect on cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) seedling growth.the efficacy of four potential phosphate solubilizing enterobacter isolated from non-rhizospheric soil in western ghat forest in india. plant growth promoting ability of these isolates was evaluated in cowpea. all are gram negative, rod shaped, 0.8-1.6 mm in size, and psychrotrophic in nature, grow from 5 to 40°c (optimum temp. 28 ± 2°c). all isolates exhibits growth at a wide range of ph 6-12, optimum at ph 7.0 and tolerates up to 7% (w/v) salt concentration. 16s rrna gene sequencing reveals th ...201024026928
hospitalization of the elderly in the united states for nonspecific gastrointestinal diseases: a search for etiological clues.the frequency of hospitalization among the elderly in the united states caused by gastrointestinal diseases between 1991 and 2004 increased dramatically, especially hospitalization of elderly individuals with nonspecific diagnoses. we analyzed 6 640 304 gastrointestinal disease-associated hospitalization records in this 14-year period by comparing the peak times of nonspecific gastrointestinal diseases with those of specific diseases. we found that most nonspecific gastrointestinal diseases peak ...201121653903
emergency department visits by nursing home residents in the united states.to characterize emergency department (ed) use by nursing home residents in the united states.201122091500
biohydrogen production from cheese whey wastewater in a two-step anaerobic process.cheese whey-based biohydrogen production was seen in batch experiments via dark fermentation by free and immobilized enterobacter aerogenes mtcc 2822 followed by photofermentation of vfas (mainly acetic and butyric acid) in the spent medium by rhodopseudomonas bhu 01 strain. e. aerogenes free cells grown on cheese whey diluted to 10 g lactose/l, had maximum lactose consumption (∼79%), high production of acetic acid (1,900 mg/l), butyric acid (537.2 mg/l) and h(2) yield (2.04 mol/mol lactose; rat ...201122183564
blood infection with enterobacter aerogenes--an unusual cause of portal vein gas.portal vein gas was once thought of as an invariably fatal condition. now, with the availability of better equipment and expertise, the condition is more frequently diagnosed. a case of fever with rigors is presented and on ultrasound and ct examination was found to have portal venous gas which resolved with adequate antibiotic treatment. blood culture revealed growth of gram negative bacillus; enterobacter aerogenes. patient was investigated further for portal vein gas, and although no other ca ...201122368913
in vitro antibacterial activity of 4-phenyl-1-(2-phenyl-allyl)pyridinium bromide: a novel class of pyridinium based antibacterial compounds.the continuing increase in the incidence of multi drug resistant pathogenic bacteria and shortage of new antimicrobial agents are the prime driver in efforts to identify the novel antimicrobial classes. in vitro antibacterial activity of 4-phenyl-1-(2-phenylallyl) pyridinium bromide was tested against gram positive staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus species, bacillus subtilis, and gram negative klebsiella aerogenes and escherichia coli using disk diffusion method. among them s. aureus showed s ...201123450086
entropic and enthalpic components of catalysis in the mutase and lyase activities of pseudomonas aeruginosa pchb.the isochorismate-pyruvate lyase from pseudomonas aeruginosa (pchb) catalyzes two pericyclic reactions, demonstrating the eponymous activity and also chorismate mutase activity. the thermodynamic parameters for these enzyme-catalyzed activities, as well as the uncatalyzed isochorismate decomposition, are reported from temperature dependence of k(cat) and k(uncat) data. the entropic effects do not contribute to enzyme catalysis as expected from previously reported chorismate mutase data. indeed, ...201121504201
aromatic compounds from the halotolerant fungal strain of wallemia sebi pxp-89 in a hypersaline medium.a new cyclopentanopyridine alkaloid, 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-7h-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-7-one (1), together with 11 known aromatic compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of the halotolerant fungal strain wallemia sebi pxp-89 in 10% nacl. their structures including the absolute configurations of (2s,3s)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane-2,3-diol (2), (2r,3s)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane-2,3-diol (3), and (s)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-one (4) were elucidated by spectroscopic analysi ...201121725811
quantification of total and specific gram-negative histamine-producing bacteria species in fish using an mpn real-time pcr method.quantification of histamine-producing bacteria (hpb) is necessary in order to elucidate the role that hpb play in scombrotoxin (histamine) fish poisoning. we report here the evaluation of a real-time pcr method for the quantification of total and specific gram-negative hpb species in fish using a most probable number (mpn) format. the species-specific real-time pcr assay was 100% inclusive for independently detecting morganella morganii, enterobacter aerogenes, raoultella planticola/ornithinolyt ...201121839377
emergence of vim-1-carbapenemase-producing enterobacter cloacae in tyrol, austria.the rapid emergence and dissemination of carbapenemase producing enterobacter sp. and other enterobacteriaceae poses a considerable threat to the care of hospitalized patients and to public health. in this study, enterobacter isolates demonstrating decreased susceptibility to carbapenems detected at the division of hygiene and medical microbiology, innsbruck medical university, between january 2006 and december 2010 were tested for blavim-1, blandm-1, blaimp, blakpc and blaoxa-48 using a multipl ...201122194339
membrane permeability, a pivotal function involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence in enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates.clin microbiol infect abstract: imipenem-susceptible e. aerogenes isolates exhibiting extended spectrum β-lactamases, target mutations and a basal efflux expression, were identified in five patients. after imipenem treatment, imipenem-intermediate susceptible (imi-i) or resistant (imi-r) isolates emerged in these patients. alteration in porin synthesis and increase in efflux expression were observed in the imi-i isolates whereas complete loss of the porins, lps alteration and efflux overexpressi ...201121883663
improved hydrogen production under microaerophilic conditions by overexpression of polyphosphate kinase in enterobacter aerogenes.effects of different microaerophilic conditions on cell growth, glucose consumption, hydrogen production and cellular metabolism of wild enterobacter aerogenes strain and polyphosphate kinase (ppk) overexpressing strain were systematically studied in this paper, using nah(2)po(4) as the phosphate sources. under different microaerophilic conditions, ppk-overexpressing strain showed better cell growth, glucose consumption and hydrogen production than the wild strain. in the presence of limited oxy ...201122112830
metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of scutellarin in rat plasma, urine, and feces.aim:to study the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of scutellarin, an active component from the medical plant erigeron breviscapus (vant) hand-mazz, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the low bioavailability of scutellarin though oral or intravenous administration in rats.methods:hplc method was developed for simultaneous detection of scutellarin and scutellarein (the aglycone of scutellarin) in rat plasma, urine and feces. the in vitro metabolic stability study was carried out in ...201121516133
biodegradation of acrylamide by enterobacter aerogenes isolated from wastewater in thailand.a widespread use of acrylamide, probably a neurotoxicant and carcinogen, in various industrial processes has led to environmental contamination. fortunately, some microorganisms are able to derive energy from acrylamide. in the present work, we reported the isolation and characterization of a novel acrylamide-degrading bacterium from domestic wastewater in chonburi, thailand. the strain grew well in the presence of acrylamide as 0.5% (w/v), at ph 6.0 to 9.0 and 25 degrees c. identification based ...201121520808
dissemination of the rmtb gene carried on incf and incn plasmids among enterobacteriaceae in a pig farm and its environment.to investigate the prevalence and characterization of 16s rrna methylase-producing bacteria in a pig farm and its environment in east china.201121852287
bacteremia and endotoxemia after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric neoplasia: pilot study.background: because the invasive procedure of endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) entails a large mucosal defect which is left open, with extensive submucosal exposure to the indigenous bacterial flora, the procedure may have a substantial risk for bacteremia. our aim was to examine gastric esd-related bacteremia and endotoxemia in gastric neoplasia patients. methods: in patients who underwent esd for superficial gastric neoplasia, blood cultures and plasma endotoxin measurements were done be ...201121559862
prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and its association with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae.we investigated the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and its association with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and ampc beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae.201122016679
bioengineering of the enterobacter aerogenes strain for biohydrogen production.enterobacter aerogenes is one of the most widely-studied model strains for fermentative hydrogen production. to improve the hydrogen yield of e. aerogenes, the bioengineering on a biomolecular level and metabolic network level is of importance. in this review, the fermentative technology of e. aerogenes for hydrogen production will be first briefly summarized. and then the bioengineering of e. aerogenes for the improvement of hydrogen yield will be thoroughly reviewed, including the anaerobic me ...201121764301
comparative evaluation of chromogenic agar cm1046 and mfc agar for detection of e. coli and thermotolerant coliform bacteria from water samples.aims:  the equivalence of oxoid (cm 1046) brilliance((tm)) e. coli/coliform selective agar to mfc agar, as used in the australian/new zealand standard method to detect thermotolerant coliforms and escherichia coli in water samples, was assessed. methods and results:  a total of 244 water samples were analysed in parallel over a 5-month period. sewage effluent samples (n = 131, sites = 43), freshwater (n = 62, sites = 18) and marine/brackish water samples (n = 51, sites = 23) were analysed. the w ...201121585405
d-xylulose kinase from saccharomyces cerevisiae: isolation and characterization of the highly unstable enzyme, recombinantly produced in escherichia coli.the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding xylulose kinase (xks1) was over-expressed to an abundance ofô®¥10% intracellular protein in escherichia coli. instability of xks1, not pointed out in previous reports of the enzyme, prevented isolation of active enzyme in native or "tagged" form under a wide range of purification conditions. a fusion protein haboring c-terminal strep-tag ii (xks1-strep) displayed activity (ôê╝20u/mg) as isolated. however, the half-life time of purified xks1-strep was on ...201121664974
cytotoxic bipyridines from the marine-derived actinomycete actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus wh1-2216-6.five new bipyridine alkaloids (1-5) and a new phenylpyridine alkaloid (6), which we name caerulomycins f-k, along with five known analogues (7-11), were isolated from the marine-derived actinomycete actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus wh1-2216-6. the structures of 1-6 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. compounds 1-10 showed cytotoxicity against the hl-60, k562, kb, and a549 cell lines, with ic(50) values of 0.26 to 15.7 µm. compounds 7 and 8 also showed anti ...201121770434
essential oils from moroccan plants as potential chemosensitisers restoring antibiotic activity in resistant gram-negative bacteria.bacterial drug resistance is a worrying public health problem. antibiotic efflux is a major non-specific resistance mechanism used by bacteria, and efflux pumps are involved in the low-level susceptibility of various important gram-negative pathogens. use of molecules that can block bacterial pumps is an attractive strategy, but several studies report only partial efficacy owing to limits of these molecules (stability, selectivity, bioavailability, toxicity, etc.). the objective of this study wa ...201121752605
genotypic characterization and in vitro activities of tigecycline and polymyxin b for enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems.carbapenam-resistant enterobacteriaceae is increasing. in order to evaluate the effects of tigecycline and polymyxin b against the carbapenam-non-susceptible pathogens, 89 representative clinical isolates of carbapenem-non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae were recovered from 7 hospitals of 4 cities in china during 2006 to 2009, including 30 serratia marcescens, 35 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 enterobacter cloacae, 6 enterobacter aerogenes, 5 escherichia coli, 4 citrobacter freundii, and 2 klebsiella o ...201121835972
triterpenoid acids and lactones from the leaves of fadogia tetraquetra var. tetraquetra (rubiaceae).four triterpenoids isolated from the leaves of fadogia tetraquetra var. tetraquetra, 3beta-hydroxy-11alpha, 12alpha-epoxyoleanan-28,13beta-olide (1), 3beta-hydroxyurs-11-en-28,13beta-olide (2), oleanolic acid (3), and ursolic acid (4), were evaluated for their antiviral and antibacterial properties. compound 4 showed potent activity against the semliki forest virus with an ic50 of 14.7 microm, but was also found to be significantly cytotoxic (68% reduction in cell viability after 24 hours exposu ...201122224262
resveratrol given intraperitoneally does not inhibit the growth of high-risk t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in a nod/scid mouse model.the efficacy of resveratrol as a preventive agent against the growth of t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) was evaluated in nod.cb17-prkdcscid/j mice engrafted with the human t(4;11) all sem cell line. sem cells were injected into the tail vein and engraftment was monitored by flow cytometry. once engraftment was observed, mice were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol (10 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide ...201122200740
possible evidence of contamination by catechins in deconjugation enzymes from helix pomatia and abalone entrails.β-glucuronidase and sulfatase are the major deconjugating enzymes used in the cleavage of the glucuronate and sulfate moieties, respectively, from certain conjugated food factors including polyphenols. in the present study, we found that compounds having the same molecular weights as catechins were present in helix pomatia- and/or abalone entrails-derived β-glucuronidase and sulfatase by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) with multiple reaction monitoring methods. on the o ...201121821947
resveratrol given intraperitoneally does not inhibit the growth of high-risk t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in a nod/scid mouse model.the efficacy of resveratrol as a preventive agent against the growth of t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) was evaluated in nod.cb17-prkdcscid/j mice engrafted with the human t(4;11) all sem cell line. sem cells were injected into the tail vein and engraftment was monitored by flow cytometry. once engraftment was observed, mice were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol (10 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide ...201122200740
Apoprotein isolation and activation, and vibrational structure of the Helicobacter mustelae iron urease.The micro aerophilic pathogen Helicobacter mustelae synthesizes an oxygen-labile, iron-containing urease (UreA2B2) in addition to its standard nickel-containing enzyme (UreAB). An apoprotein form of the iron urease was prepared from ureA2B2-expressing recombinant Escherichia coli cells that were grown in minimal medium. Temperature-dependent circular dichroism measurements of holoprotein and apoprotein demonstrate an enhancement of thermal stability associated with the UreA2B2 metallocenter. In ...201122196017
effect of crude glycerol-derived inhibitors on ethanol production by enterobacter aerogenes.in this study, ethanol production from pure and crude glycerol using enterobacter aerogenes atcc 29007 was evaluated under anaerobic culture conditions. inhibitory effects of substrate concentrations, ph, and salt concentrations were investigated based on crude glycerol components. ethanol production was performed with pure glycerol concentrations ranging from 5 to 30 g/l to evaluate the effects of substrate concentration and osmotic pressure. the consumed glycerol was 5-14.33 g/l, and the yield ...201121909938
determining the disinfection of textiles in compressed carbon dioxide using various indicator microbes.aims:  this paper presents a research on the disinfection efficiency of inoculated textile swatches by compressed carbon dioxide, an environmental friendly way to disinfect textiles as opposed to the conventional laundering procedures using water. the disinfection efficiency was determined by using the following microbes inoculated on cotton test fabrics: enterococcus faecium, enterobacter aerogenes and candida albicans. methods and results:  the experiments were performed using the high pressur ...201122151328
susceptibility of the multi-drug resistant strain of enterobacter aerogenes ea289 to the terpene alcohols from cistus ladaniferus essential oil.the essential oil (eo) of cistus ladaniferus was separated into non polar, moderately polar and polar fractions by column chromatography. the eo and its fractions were analysed by gas chromatography in combination with retention indices [gc-(ri)] and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance (13c nmr) spectroscopy. a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) assay was used to evaluate their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens of clinical relevance, including a multi-drug r ...201121922926
Amine-alkyl derivatives of hydantoin: new tool to combat resistant bacteria.A series of new 5,5-diphenylhydantoin derivatives with various amine-alkyl terminal fragments at N1-position were synthesized. Then a series of twenty-eight compounds with the same hydantoin scaffold were evaluated for their potency to combat bacterial MultiDrug Resistance (MDR). Intrinsic antibacterial activities were first evaluated. As these compounds showed no direct activity on bacteria, their influence on minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nalidixic acid was tested in two strains of ...201122000919
Hydrogen production from biodiesel byproduct by immobilized Enterobacter aerogenes.The recent rapid growth of the biodiesel industry has generated a significant amount of glycerol as a byproduct. As a result, the price of glycerol is currently relatively low, making it an attractive starting material for the production of chemicals with higher values. Crude glycerol can be directly converted through microbial fermentation into various chemicals such as hydrogen. In this study, we optimized immobilization of a facultative hydrogen producing microorganism, Enterobacter aerogenes ...201121915673
changes in ciprofloxacin resistance levels in enterobacter aerogenes associated to variable expression of the aac(6')-ib-cr gene.two closely-related enterobacter aerogenes isolates presented a new identical aac(6')-ib-cr genetic environment, including is26. one of them showed lower mic of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tobramycin and amikacin and decreased expression of aac(6')-ib-cr, which might be related to a 12-bp deletion causing a displacement of the -10 box upstream of the aac(6')-ib-cr gene.201122106222
directed evolution combined with rational design increases activity of gpdq toward a non-physiological substrate and alters the oligomeric structure of the enzyme.directed evolution was used to enhance the activity of the glycerophosphodiesterase enzyme from enterobacter aerogenes, gpdq, toward bis(para-nitrophenol) phosphate (bpnpp), a substrate that is frequently used to assay phosphodiesterases. native gpdq has a low level of activity toward bpnpp while the evolved enzymes exhibited k(cat) values that were well over 100 times better while improvements in k(cat)/k(m) of around 500 times were observed along with improved activity we observed a change in ...201121979136
bioremediation of chromium by novel strains enterobacter aerogenes t2 and acinetobacter sp. pd 12 s2.purpose: this study had an objective to identify the most potent chromium-resistant bacteria isolated from tannery effluent and apply them for bioremediation of chromium in tannery effluents. methods: two such strains (previously characterized and identified by us)-enterobacter aerogenes (ncbi genbank usa accession no. gu265554) and acinetobacter sp. pd 12 (ncbi genbank usa accession no. gu084179)-showed powerful ...201122203402
antibacterial effect of food additives and detergents against histamine-producing bacteria on food contact material surfaces.we investigated the antibacterial activity of food additives and detergents against histamine-producing bacteria on food contact material surfaces. based on minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) testing with morganella morganii nbrc3848, raoultella planticola nbrc3317 and enterobacter aerogenes nctc10006, we screened nine food additives and four detergents with relatively high inhibitory potency. we prepared food contact material surfaces contaminated with histamine-producing bacteria, and dipp ...201122200801
diseases and causes of death in european bats: dynamics in disease susceptibility and infection rates.bats receive increasing attention in infectious disease studies, because of their well recognized status as reservoir species for various infectious agents. this is even more important, as bats with their capability of long distance dispersal and complex social structures are unique in the way microbes could be spread by these mammalian species. nevertheless, infection studies in bats are predominantly limited to the identification of specific pathogens presenting a potential health threat to hu ...201122216354
Potential activity of the purine compounds caffeine and aminophylline on bacteria.Purine compounds are special types of alkaloids. Caffeine and aminophylline are considered the most important members of purines due to their wide use in therapeutics.201121731299
antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of the crude extract and compounds of the root bark of allanblackia floribunda.context: allanblackia floribunda oliver (guttiferae) is an african medicinal plant used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. objective:  we investigated the antitumor, radical scavenging, antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the root bark extract of a. floribunda and three isolated phenolics, namely 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone (1), morelloflavone (2) and 7'-o-glucoside of morelloflavone (3). materials and methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (dpph) radi ...201120738222
antagonistic effect of lactobacillus strains against gas-producing coliforms isolated from colicky infants.infantile colic is a common disturb within the first 3 months of life, nevertheless the pathogenesis is incompletely understood and treatment remains an open issue. intestinal gas production is thought to be one of the causes of abdominal discomfort in infants suffering from colic. however, data about the role of the amount of gas produced by infants' colonic microbiota and the correlation with the onset of colic symptoms are scanty. the benefit of supplementation with lactobacilli been recently ...201121718486
molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum +¦-lactamases in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from the philippines.+¦-lactamases, including extended-spectrum +¦-lactamases (esbls) and ampc +¦-lactamases, are major resistance mechanisms of enterobacteriaceae. emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants in esbl-producing isolates poses a global threat. the molecular characterisitcs of esbl and pmqr determinants in the philippines are not well characterized. in this study, we investigated esbls and ampc +¦-lactamases in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from the philippines, and ...201121820398
detection of bacteria in normal adult nasal cavity based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.this study investigated the bacterial diversity in a normal adult nasal cavity using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) of 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene fragments and compared the results with those of a culture-based method.201121711966
identification and characterization of a re-citrate synthase in dehalococcoides strain cbdb1.the genome annotations of all sequenced dehalococcoides strains lack a citrate synthase although physiological experiments have indicated that such an activity should be encoded. we here report that a re-face specific citrate synthase is synthesized by dehalococcoides strain cbdb1 and that this function is encoded by the gene cbdba1708 (ncbi accession number cai83711), previously annotated as homocitrate synthase. gene cbdba1708 was heterologously expressed in e. coli and the recombinant enzyme ...201121784924
potential application of the nisin z preparation of lactococcus lactis w8 in preservation of milk.aims:  the aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the preparation of nisin z from lactococcus lactis w8-fermented milk in controlling the growth of spoilage bacteria in pasteurized milk. methods and results:  spoilage bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk at 8 and 15°c were identified as enterococcus italicus, enterococcus mundtii, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, lactobacillus paracasei, acinetobacter sp., pseudomonas fluorescens and enterobacter a ...201121554339
development of enterobacter aerogenes fuel cells: from in situ biohydrogen oxidization to direct electroactive biofilm.this study described an enterobacter aerogenes-catalyzed microbial fuel cell (mfc) with a carbon-based anode that exhibited a maximum power density of 2.51 w/m(3) in the absence of artificial electron mediators. the mfc was started up rapidly, within hours, and the current generation in the early stage was demonstrated to result from in situ oxidation of biohydrogen produced by e. aerogenes during glucose fermentation. over periodic replacement of substrate, both planktonic biomass in the cultur ...201120598528
natural resistance of rose petals to microbial attack.petals of red, yellow and white roses (rosa damascene mill.) of the family rosaceae were extracted with (1:1) methylene chloride/methanol and tested for their antimicrobial activities against four species of gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus), five species of gram-negative bacteria (enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens) and five species of fungi (penici ...201121614712
phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root from different varieties of labisa pumila benth.a local herb, kacip fatimah, is famous amongst malay women for its uses in parturition; however, its phytochemical contents have not been fully documented. therefore, a study was performed to evaluate the phenolics, flavonoids, and total saponin contents, and antibacterial and antifungal properties of the leaf, stem and root of three varieties of labisia pumila benth. total saponins were found to be higher in the leaves of all three varieties, compared to the roots and stems. leaves of var. pumi ...201121623314
development and validation of lc-hrms and gc-nici-ms methods for stereoselective determination of mdma and its phase i and ii metabolites in human urine.3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) is a racemic drug of abuse and its r- and s-enantiomers are known to differ in their dose-response curve. the s-enantiomer was shown to be eliminated at a higher rate than the r-enantiomer most likely explained by stereoselective metabolism that was observed in various in vitro experiments. the aim of this work was the development and validation of methods for evaluating the stereoselective elimination of phase i and particularly phase ii metabolites of m ...201121656610
jacaranda cuspidifolia mart. (bignoniaceae) as antibacterial agent.abstract this study evaluated, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of the hexane extract (jche), methanol extract (jcme), and chloroform fraction (jccf) of bark from jacaranda cuspidifolia mart. (family bignoniaceae), a brazilian medicinal plant, traditionally used as anti-syphilis and anti-gonorrhea treatment. the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method followed by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values. jche was not active against the b ...201121663482
an experimentally validated genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of klebsiella pneumoniae mgh 78578, iyl1228.klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium of the family enterobacteriaceae that possesses diverse metabolic capabilities: many strains are leading causes of hospital-acquired infections that are often refractory to multiple antibiotics, yet other strains are metabolically engineered and used for production of commercially valuable chemicals. to study its metabolism, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model (iyl1228) for strain mgh 78578, experimentally determined its biomass compos ...201121296962
[the austrian pediatrician theodor escherich as bacteriologist and social hygienist: the 100th anniversary of his death on february 15th, 1911].escherich was born on november 29, 1857 in ansbach, bavaria. he has been director of the children hospitals in graz (styria, austria) from 1890 and vienna (austria) from 1902, started his bacteriological investigations in 1884 during a short stay in st. anna children hospital in vienna. this he continued it as an assistant in munich and as clinic director in graz. on the basis of his bacteriological findings in breast-milk, which proved to be sterile, he wanted to detect the physiological and pa ...201121369861
cerebrosides and 2-pyridone alkaloids from the halotolerant fungus penicillium chrysogenum grown in a hypersaline medium.five new cerebrosides, chrysogesides a-e (1-5), and two new 2-pyridone alkaloids, chrysogedones a and b (6 and 7), were isolated from the fermentation broth of penicillium chrysogenum pxp-55, a halotolerant fungus grown in a hypersaline medium. among them, chrysogesides b-d (2-4) are the first cerebrosides that contain an unsaturated c(19)-fatty acid. their structures were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods, including cd spectroscopy as well as the modified mosher's method. compoun ...201121381678
the disinfecting potential of contact lens soutions used by sultan qaboos university students.this study aimed to determine the disinfecting potential of some contact lens solutions used by some university students in oman.201121969898
allosteric activation via kinetic control: potassium accelerates a conformational change in imp dehydrogenase.allosteric activators are generally believed to shift the equilibrium distribution of enzyme conformations to favor a catalytically productive structure; the kinetics of conformational exchange is seldom addressed. several observations suggested that the usual allosteric mechanism might not apply to the activation of imp dehydrogenase (impdh) by monovalent cations. therefore, we investigated the mechanism of k(+) activation in impdh by delineating the kinetic mechanism in the absence of monovale ...201121870820
indigenous soil bacteria with the combined potential for hydrocarbon consumption and heavy metal resistance.introduction: transconjugant bacteria with combined potential for hydrocarbon utilization and heavy metal resistance were suggested by earlier investigators for bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals. the purpose of this study was to offer evidence that such microorganisms are already part of the indigenous soil microflora. methods: microorganisms in pristine and oily soils wer ...201121948132
Inter-laboratory comparison of different rapid methods for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates.Background Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates still represents a major risk in transfusion medicine, and a variety of screening methods have been available to improve the safety of PCs. In the present study, the analytical quality of three different rapid screening methods (BactiFlow flow cytometry, Pan Genera Detection Assay, 23S rRNA RT-PCR) was evaluated in an inter-laboratory comparison in three different German blood services. Methods Samples were inoculated with different b ...201122150778
Function of UreB in Klebsiella aerogenes urease.Urease from Klebsiella aerogenes is composed of three subunits (UreA-UreB-UreC) that assemble into a (UreABC)(3) quaternary structure. UreC harbors the dinuclear nickel active site, whereas the functions of UreA and UreB remain unknown. UreD and UreF accessory proteins previously were suggested to reposition UreB and increase the level of exposure of the nascent urease active site, thus facilitating metallocenter assembly. In this study, cells were engineered to separately produce (UreAC)(3) or ...201121939280
three new compounds from aspergillus terreus pt06-2 grown in a high salt medium.to investigate the structurally novel and bioactive natural compounds from marine-derived microorganisms under high salinity, the fungus aspergillus terreus pt06-2 was isolated from the sediment of the putian sea saltern, fujian, china. three new compounds, terremides a (1) and b (2) and terrelactone a (3), along with twelve known compounds (4-15) were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of a. terreus pt06-2 at 10% salinity. among these metabolites, compounds 4 and 15 only produc ...201121892351
Antibacterial activity of some Indian Ayurvedic preparations against enteric bacterial pathogens.In Ayurveda, various herbal preparations are clinically used to prevent or cure infectious diseases. Herbal preparations such as Triphala churna, Hareetaki churna, Dashmula churna, Manjistadi churna, Sukhsarak churna, Ajmodadi churna, Shivkshar pachan churna, Mahasudarshan churna, Swadist Virechan churna and Pipramool churna were investigated by preparing their organic solvent extract for antibacterial potential against enteric bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, ...201122171288
resveratrol metabolites do not elicit early pro-apoptotic mechanisms in neuroblastoma cells.resveratrol, a nontoxic polyphenol, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of neuroblasoma. however, resveratrol is rapidly metabolized, mainly to its glucuronidated and sulfated derivatives. this study demonstrates that resveratrol alone, and not the glucuronidated or sulfated metabolites, is taken up into tumor cells, induces a rise in [ca(2+)](i), and ultimately leads to a decrease in tumor cell viability. a new water-soluble resveratrol formulation was delivered di ...201121401048
production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria isolated from fresh pork sausages packaged in different atmospheres and kept under refrigeration.the occurrence of in vitro amino acid activity in bacterial strains associated with fresh pork sausages packaged in different atmospheres and kept in refrigeration was studied. the presence of biogenic amines in decarboxylase broth was confirmed by ion-exchange chromatography and by the presence of the corresponding decarboxylase genes by pcr. from the 93 lactic acid bacteria and 100 enterobacteria strains analysed, the decarboxylase medium underestimates the number of biogenic amine-producer st ...201121316866
in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against frequently encountered aerobic and facultative gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens: results of the canward 2007-2009 study.the in vitro activity of ceftobiprole was evaluated against 15 011 clinical isolates obtained from patients in canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2009. all staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to ceftobiprole (mic(90)'s for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus of = 1 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml, respectively). ceftobiprole was active against penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (mic(90), = 0.06 µg/ml), penicillin-resistant streptococcu ...201121353964
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