Publications

systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrating serum anti-gm1 antibody, with sudden onset of drop foot as the initial presentation.	in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), peripheral neuropathies are relatively uncommon and rarely present as the initial symptom. we herein describe a 61-year-old woman who developed a sudden onset of drop foot, which was indistinguishable from guillain-barré syndrome based on the clinical symptoms alone. antibodies against ganglioside gm1 were detected in the serum, while no antibodies to campylobacter jejuni were observed. an electrophysiological study showed axonal impairment rather than demy ...	1999	10480305
campylobacter bacteremia and pneumonia in two splenectomized patients.	two patients with beta thalassemia who had undergone splenectomy for hypersplenism were admitted to the hospital with high fever and lobar pneumonia. neither patient had gastrointestinal symptoms. campylobacter bacteremia was diagnosed in both patients. campylobacter jejuni was identified in the first patient and campylobacter fetus in the second. both patients were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and recovered fully.	1999	10482027
holliday junction processing in bacteria: insights from the evolutionary conservation of ruvabc, recg, and rusa.		1999	10482492
hp0333, a member of the dpra family, is involved in natural transformation in helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori is naturally competent for dna transformation, but the mechanism by which transformation occurs is not known. for haemophilus influenzae, dpra is required for transformation by chromosomal but not plasmid dna, and the complete genomic sequence of h. pylori 26695 revealed a dpra homolog (hp0333). examination of genetic databases indicates that dpra homologs are present in a wide variety of bacterial species. to examine whether hp0333 has a function similar to dpra of h. influe ...	1999	10482496
the c-terminal domain of the bordetella pertussis autotransporter brka forms a pore in lipid bilayer membranes.	brka is a 103-kda outer membrane protein of bordetella pertussis that mediates resistance to antibody-dependent killing by complement. it is proteolytically processed into a 73-kda n-terminal domain and a 30-kda c-terminal domain as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. brka is also a member of the autotransporter family of proteins. translocation of the n-terminal domain of the protein across the outer membrane is hypothesized to occur through a pore formed by ...	1999	10482528
identification of a functional fur gene in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	the recent identification of the iron response regulator (irr) in bradyrhizobium japonicum raised the question of whether the global regulator fur is present in that organism. a fur gene homolog was isolated by the functional complementation of an escherichia coli fur mutant. the b. japonicum fur bound to a fur box dna element in vitro, and a fur mutant grown in iron-replete medium was derepressed for iron uptake activity. thus, b. japonicum expresses at least two regulators of iron metabolism.	1999	10482529
recombinant single-chain fv antibody fragment-alkaline phosphatase conjugate for one-step immunodetection in molecular hybridization.	using phage-display technology, a recombinant single-chain fv antibody fragment (scfv) was rapidly generated from the k16-16 hybridoma secreting mouse monoclonal antibody (mab) that binds to acetylaminofluorene-labeled dna (aaf-dna). the selected a4 phage-scfv specifically bound to aaf-dna. the anti-aaf scfv gene was then recloned into a fusion vector for the production of a hybrid protein comprising the antibody fragment fused to a potent bacterial alkaline phosphatase variant (phoav). the anti ...	1999	10485265
[acute demyelinating motor neuropathy: an atypical form of the guillain-barre syndrome?].	a 33-year-old man presented an acute motor demyelinating neuropathy following campylobacter jejuni enteritis. the patient was improved with an igiv treatment. clinical features and course time were compatible with the diagnosis of a guillain-barré syndrome. the electrophysiologic studies were in favor of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction blocks. we discuss the nosologic group of this neuropathy.	1999	10486851
phage typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli and its use as an adjunct to serotyping.	campylobacter is the most commonly reported cause of gastro-intestinal infection in england and wales, with over 50,000 reported cases in 1997. the majority of human campylobacter isolates in england and wales are c. jejuni (c. 90%) with most of the remainder being c. coli. we describe the use of phage typing as an extension to serotyping for more detailed characterization within these two species. the scheme was piloted during a study of 2407 c. jejuni and 182 c. coli strains isolated in wales ...	1999	10487641
ciprofloxacin resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolates: detection of gyra resistance mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay pcr and dna sequence analysis.	the gyra quinolone resistance determining region was sequenced from 13 ciprofloxacin-resistant and 20 ciprofloxacin-susceptible campylobacter jejuni isolates. all isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin had thr-86-to-ile mutations, a mutation frequently associated with the acquisition of resistance to fluoroquinolones. a mismatch amplification mutation assay (mama) pcr protocol was developed that detects this gyra mutation in quinolone-resistant isolates. the mama pcr provides a means for routine de ...	1999	10488192
detection of helicobacter pylori antibodies in a pediatric population: comparison of three commercially available serological tests and one in-house enzyme immunoassay.	a serum immunoglobulin g enzyme immunoassay (eia) for helicobacter pylori antibodies already in use in adults was evaluated with 99 pediatric serum samples to determine its usefulness for the study of h. pylori disease in children. the reference method used was either the (13)c-urea breath test or a biopsy culture of gastric mucosa. in children, an eia cutoff of 0.35 absorbancy unit yielded sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 93, 97, 93, and 97%, respectively ...	1999	10488200
specific pcr identification and differentiation of the thermophilic campylobacters, campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and c. upsaliensis.	a sensitive pcr assay that detects the thermophilic campylobacters c. jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and c. upsaliensis is reported. furthermore, by digestion of the pcr products with two restriction enzymes, species differentiation was demonstrated. thus, the present method has the potential to be used for both detection and identification of thermophilic campylobacter species.	1999	10488210
antibiotic susceptibility patterns and beta-lactamase production of animal and human isolates of campylobacter in lagos, nigeria.	forty-three stool samples and rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoeic and 20 non-diarrhoeic patients under 5 years of age at various general hospitals in lagos. a total of 110 faecal samples from animals (101 from chickens and 9 from pigs) were obtained from mitchel farm, agege and oshodi--isolo local government farms at ejigbo. campylobacter species were isolated from 6 (13.9%) of 43 children with gastroenteritis and none from 20 asymptomatic subjects. forty-nine (48.5%) isolates from the h ...	1999	10488568
monoclonal antibodies raised against guillain-barré syndrome-associated campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides react with neuronal gangliosides and paralyze muscle-nerve preparations.	guillain-barré syndrome and its variant, miller-fisher syndrome, are acute, postinfectious, autoimmune neuropathies that frequently follow campylobacter jejuni enteritis. the pathogenesis is believed to involve molecular mimicry between sialylated epitopes on c. jejuni lpss and neural gangliosides. more than 90% of miller-fisher syndrome cases have serum anti-gq1b and anti-gt1a ganglioside antibodies that may also react with other disialylated gangliosides including gd3 and gd1b. structural stud ...	1999	10491405
the absence of cecal colonization of chicks by a mutant of campylobacter jejuni not expressing bacterial fibronectin-binding protein.	campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. infections with c. jejuni and campylobacter coli are frequently acquired by eating undercooked chicken. the ability of c. jejuni to become established in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens is believed to involve binding of the bacterium to the gastrointestinal surface. a 37-kd outer membrane protein, termed cadf, has been described that facilitates the binding of campylobacter to fibronectin. this ...	1999	10494431
clostridium botulinum c2 toxin delays entry into mitosis and activation of p34cdc2 kinase and cdc25-c phosphatase in hela cells.	the clostridium botulinum c2 toxin adp-ribosylates monomeric actin, thereby inducing disassembly of actin filaments, alteration of focal adhesions, and rounding of cells. after treatment with c2 toxin, cells stop to proliferate but remain viable for about 2 days. in view of reported correlations between the structure of the actin cytoskeleton and cell cycle transition, the effects of c2 toxin on the g(2)/m phase transition of the cell division cycle were studied. since c2 toxin delayed entry int ...	1999	10496881
in vivo distribution of helicobacter felis in the gastric mucus of the mouse: experimental method and results.	we describe a method that permits the collection of very small samples (2 nl) from precisely defined positions within the gastric mucus of anesthetized mice. this method was used to study the in vivo local distribution of bacteria within the mucus of helicobacter felis-infected mice. a total of 200 samples from 40 mice were analyzed. each sample was microscopically analyzed, within less than 1 min, as a native preparation. to avoid changes in bacterial location within the mucus after collection ...	1999	10496889
mutational analysis of the recj exonuclease of escherichia coli: identification of phosphoesterase motifs.	the recj gene, identified in escherichia coli, encodes a mg(+2)-dependent 5'-to-3' exonuclease with high specificity for single-strand dna. genetic and biochemical experiments implicate recj exonuclease in homologous recombination, base excision, and methyl-directed mismatch repair. genes encoding proteins with strong similarities to recj have been found in every eubacterial genome sequenced to date, with the exception of mycoplasma and mycobacterium tuberculosis. multiple genes encoding protein ...	1999	10498723
interstrain variation of the polysaccharide b biosynthesis locus of bacteroides fragilis: characterization of the region from strain 638r.	the sequence and analysis of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus, ps b2, of bacteroides fragilis 638r are described, and the sequence is compared with that of the ps b1 biosynthesis locus of b. fragilis nctc 9343. two genes of the region, wcgd and wcgc, are shown by complementation to encode a udp-n-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and a udp-n-acetylmannosamine dehydrogenase, respectively.	1999	10498737
outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter among attendees of the washington county fair-new york, 1999.	september 3, 1999, the new york state department of health (nysdoh) received reports of at least 10 children hospitalized with bloody diarrhea or escherichia coli o157:h7 infection in counties near albany, new york. all of the children had attended the washington county fair, which was held august 23-29, 1999; approximately 108,000 persons attended the fair during that week. subsequently, fair attendees infected with campylobacter jejuni also were identified. an ongoing investigation includes he ...	1999	10499785
pathogenesis of guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	some patients developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after the administration of bovine gangliosides. patients with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have igg antibody to gm1 ganglioside. miller fisher syndrome (mfs), a variant of gbs, is associated with igg antibody to gq1b ganglioside. we showed the existence of molecular mimicry between gm1 and lipopolysaccharide of c. jejuni isolated from patients with gbs, and that between gq1b and c. jejuni lipopolysaccharides fr ...	1999	10507987
cold shock proteins and low-temperature response of streptococcus thermophilus cnrz302.	low-temperature adaptation and cryoprotection were studied in the thermophilic lactic acid bacterium streptococcus thermophilus cnrz302. s. thermophilus actively adapts to freezing during a pretreatment at 20 degrees c, resulting in an approximately 1, 000-fold increased survival after four freeze-thaw cycles compared to mid-exponential-phase cells grown at an optimal temperature of 42 degrees c. no adaptation is observed when cells are exposed to a temperature (10 degrees c) below the minimal g ...	1999	10508072
helicobacter species colonizing pig stomach: molecular characterization and determination of prevalence.	the infection rate of 60 pigs (10 pigs from each of six farms) by helicobacter species was studied by two techniques. histological examination of the cardiac area of the stomach yielded a 58% positive result versus an 80% positive result by pcr with genus-specific primers. eighty percent of the 16s rrna gene was amplified, classified in four groups by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequenced. isolates from all farms except one (farm c) were identified as helicobacter heilmanni ...	1999	10508105
viability and dna maintenance in nonculturable spiral campylobacter jejuni cells after long-term exposure to low temperatures.	survival of campylobacter jejuni at 4 and 20 degrees c was investigated by using cellular integrity, respiratory activity, two-dimensional (2d) protein profile, and intact dna content as indicators of potential viability of nonculturable cells. intact dna content after 116 days, along with cellular integrity and respiring cells, was detected for up to 7 months at 4 degrees c by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. most changes in 2d protein profiles involved up- or down-regulation.	1999	10508106
[campylobacter jejuni enteritis and guillain-barré syndrome].	some patients developed guillain-barré syndrome after the administration of bovine brain ganglioside. patients with guillain-barré syndrome subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have igg antibody to gm1 ganglioside. miller fisher syndrome, a variant of guillain-barré syndrome, is associated with igg antibody to gq1b ganglioside. my colleagues and i showed the existence of molecular mimicry between gm1 and lipopolysaccharide of c. jejuni isolated from a patient with guillain-bar ...	1999	10511801
opening the iron box: transcriptional metalloregulation by the fur protein.		1999	10515908
campylobacter jejuni contains two fur homologs: characterization of iron-responsive regulation of peroxide stress defense genes by the perr repressor.	expression of the peroxide stress genes alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpc) and catalase (kata) of the microaerophile campylobacter jejuni is repressed by iron. whereas iron repression in gram-negative bacteria is usually carried out by the fur protein, previous work showed that this is not the case in c. jejuni, as these genes are still iron repressed in a c. jejuni fur mutant. an open reading frame encoding a fur homolog (designated perr for "peroxide stress regulator") was identified in the ...	1999	10515927
[measurement of antiganglioside autoantibodies by immunodot-blot assay: clinical importance in peripheral neuropathies].	we retrospectively evaluated measurement data and clinical relevance of autoantibodies to gangliosides in peripheral neuropathies (pn). the igg and igm antiganglioside autoantibodies were determined by our own immunodot-blot assay on membrane and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in sera of 1,342 patients with peripheral neuropathies. anti-gm1 and anti-gd1b autoantibodies formed a part of the normal autoantibody repertoire and were common place in 12% of normal subjects and in 14% of ...	1999	10518060
transcellular translocation of campylobacter jejuni across human polarised epithelial monolayers.	the mechanisms whereby campylobacter jejuni translocates across the host intestinal epithelium are not yet understood and the transepithelial route remains undefined. during c. jejuni translocation, the transmonolayer electrical resistance (ter) across polarised monolayers of caco-2 cells is not affected and the penetration of [(14)c]inulin across the monolayers does not increase. over 24 h, however, bacteria damage the monolayer integrity, causing a decrease in the ter. these results support c. ...	1999	10518717
routine identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from human stool samples.	correct identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates to the species or subspecies level is a cumbersome but nevertheless important task for a routine diagnostic laboratory. the widely used biochemical tests might be often misleading while more sophisticated phenotypic or genotypic methods are not generally available. this investigation was performed to assess the performance of common biochemical identification in comparison with species-specific pcr and gas liquid chro ...	1999	10518720
synthesis of a disialylated hexasaccharide of type viii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.	as part of our program to design, develop and prepare protective vaccines against the bacterial pathogens group b streptococcus, we report the synthesis of a disialylated hexasaccharide. this hexasaccharide represents a portion of the serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide of type viii that has the tetrasaccharide repeat unit [beta-l-rhap-(1-->4)-beta-d-glcp-(1-->4)-[alpha-neu5ac-(2--> 3)]-beta-d- galp-(1-->4)]n. a tetrasaccharide corresponding to this repeat unit has been synthesized by us [ ...	1999	10520252
chemical structure of a polysaccharide from campylobacter jejuni 176.83 (serotype o:41) containing only furanose sugars.	a neutral polysaccharide was obtained by hot phenol-water extraction of biomass from campylobacter jejuni 176.83 and subsequently separated from acid-liberated core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide by sequential gpc on bio-gel p6 and tsk-40 columns. all sugar components of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide were found to be of the furanose ring form. the major trisaccharide contained beta-l-arabinose, 6-deoxy-beta-d-altro-heptose (beta-d-6d-althep) and 6-deoxy-beta-l-alt ...	1999	10520260
case-control study of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in dhaka, bangladesh.	the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, is a major center for research into diarrheal diseases. the center treats more than 100,000 patients a year. to obtain useful information representative of all patients, a surveillance system in which a 4% systematic sample of all patients is studied in detail, including etiological agents of diarrhea, was installed in october 1979. the first paper on etiology for the surveillance patients was published in 1982, which identifi ...	1999	10523534
identification of hippurate-negative thermophilic campylobacters.	twenty-eight thermophilic campylobacter isolates showing negative hippurate hydrolysis were further characterized. using campylobacter jejuni and coli specific primers for ceue gene, five of the isolates with repeatedly negative results in rapid hippurate hydrolysis were positive in c. jejuni-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and 13 isolates were shown to be c. coli. all except one isolate with positive results in c. jejuni pcr were negative in c. coli pcr including those with repeatedly ...	1999	10529875
outer membrane protein a-promoted actin condensation of brain microvascular endothelial cells is required for escherichia coli invasion.	escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis during the neonatal period. we have previously shown that the entry of circulating e. coli organisms into the central nervous system is due to their ability to invade the blood-brain barrier, which is composed of a layer of brain microvascular endothelial cells (bmec). in this report, we show by transmission electron microscopy that e. coli transmigrates through bmec in an enclosed vacuole without intracellular mu ...	1999	10531228
evaluation of a truncated recombinant flagellin subunit vaccine against campylobacter jejuni.	a recombinant protein comprising the maltose-binding protein (mbp) of escherichia coli fused to amino acids 5 to 337 of the flaa flagellin of campylobacter coli vc167 was evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against challenge by a heterologous strain of campylobacter, campylobacter jejuni 81-176, in two murine models. the sequence of the flaa gene of strain 81-176 revealed a predicted protein which was 98.1% similar to that of vc167 flaa over the region expressed in the fusion pr ...	1999	10531231
fumarate metabolism and the microaerophily of campylobacter species.	(1) the role of fumarate metabolism in the microaerophily of the campylobacter genus and the effects of therapeutic agents against it were investigated. (2) nmr spectroscopy was employed to determine the properties of campylobacter fumarase (fum) and fumarate reductase (frd). radiotracer analysis was used to determine the production of carbon dioxide by campylobacter cells. standard microbiological techniques were used to measure the effects of environmental conditions and inhibitors on bacteria ...	1999	10533287
the oenococcus oeni clpx homologue is a heat shock gene preferentially expressed in exponential growth phase.	using degenerated primers from conserved regions of previously studied clpx gene products, we cloned the clpx gene of the malolactic bacterium oenococcus oeni. the clpx gene was sequenced, and the deduced protein of 413 amino acids (predicted molecular mass of 45,650 da) was highly similar to previously analyzed clpx gene products from other organisms. an open reading frame located upstream of the clpx gene was identified as the tig gene by similarity of its predicted product to other bacterial ...	1999	10542163
probiotics shown to change bacterial community structure in the avian gastrointestinal tract.	culturing and molecular techniques were used to monitor changes in the bacterial flora of the avian gastrointestinal (gi) tract following introduction of genetically modified (gm) and unmodified probiotics. community hybridization of amplified 16s ribosomal dna demonstrated that the bacterial flora of the gi tract changed significantly in response to the probiotic treatments. the changes were not detected by culturing. although both gm and non-gm strains of enterococcus faecium ncimb 11508 chang ...	1999	10543832
recovery in embryonated eggs of viable but nonculturable campylobacter jejuni cells and maintenance of ability to adhere to hela cells after resuscitation.	the existence of a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state has been described for campylobacter jejuni as it had been for a number pathogenic bacteria. three c. jejuni human isolates were suspended in surface water and subsequently entered the vbnc state. after starvation for 30 days, vbnc cells were inoculated in the yolk sacs of embryonated eggs. culturable cells were detected in a large proportion of the embryonated eggs inoculated with vbnc c. jejuni cells. recovered cells kept their adhesion ...	1999	10543837
eighty three years of the guillain-barré syndrome: clinical and immunopathologic aspects, current and future treatments.	it is now 83 years that guillain, barré and strohl described the first two cases of an acute paralytic illness with the typical "dissociation albumino-cytologique" in the cerebrospinal fluid. since then, the full spectrum of gbs has been documented in hundreds of cases ranging from acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy to the pure motor variants and the miller fisher syndrome. during the last 10 years, detailed immunopathologic features have been described and new triggering and possib ...	1999	10546299
longevity of pathogenic bacteria especially salmonella in cistern water.	cistern-collected rain water which is used as process water for toilet flushing, cleaning purposes, garden irrigation and linen washing, was experimentally contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacter jejuni. the longevity of those pathogens was investigated considering different temperatures and contents of organic materials. neither salmonella enteritidis, yersinia enterocolitica nor campylobacter jejuni are able to grow at temperatur ...	1999	10546329
campylobacter jejuni among patients with gastroenteritis: incidence at a reference microbiology laboratory in san juan, puerto rico.	a study designed to evaluate the incidence of campylobacter jejuni infection among patients with gastroenteritis referred to a microbiology laboratory in san juan was conducted from december 1998 through may 1999.	1999	10547872
campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is the most frequently diagnosed bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in the united states. the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant and, in particular, of fluoroquinolone-resistant c. jejuni infections in europe and the united states, temporally associated with the approval of use of fluoroquinolones in veterinary medicine, is an important public health concern. recent research has provided strong evidence for an association between campylobacter infection and guillain- ...	1999	10549422
molecular cloning and characterization of the helicobacter pylori flid gene, an essential factor in flagellar structure and motility.	helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach and can cause gastroduodenal disease. flagellar motility is regarded as a major factor in the colonizing ability of h. pylori. the functional roles of flagellar structural proteins other than flaa, flab, and flge are not well understood. the flid operon of h. pylori consists of flag, flid, and flis genes, in the order stated, under the control of a sigma(28)-dependent promoter. in an effort to elucidate the function of the flid protein, a hook-asso ...	1999	10559162
large-scale survey of campylobacter species in human gastroenteritis by pcr and pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a pcr-based study of the incidence of enteropathogenic campylobacter infection in humans was done on the basis of a detection and identification algorithm consisting of screening pcrs and species identification by pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. this was applied to dna extracted from 3,738 fecal samples from patients with sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis, submitted by seven regional public health laboratories in england and wales over a 2-year period. the sending laboratories had c ...	1999	10565897
predominant staphylococcus aureus isolated from antibiotic-associated diarrhea is clinically relevant and produces enterotoxin a and the bicomponent toxin luke-lukd.	staphylococcus aureus was isolated as the predominant or only isolate from cultures of stools of 60 patients over 2 years in a university hospital, leading to the collection of 114 isolates. diarrhea was observed in 90% of the patients. ninety-eight percent of the patients had received antibiotics in the month before the diarrhea. ninety-two percent of the s. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. s. aureus was encountered with antibiotic-associated diarrhea among 47 quite elderly patients ...	1999	10565923
rapid identification of campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter isolates by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16s rrna gene.	a rapid two-step identification scheme based on pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the 16s rrna gene was developed in order to differentiate isolates belonging to the campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter genera. for 158 isolates (26 reference cultures and 132 clinical isolates), specific rflp patterns were obtained and species were successfully identified by this assay.	1999	10565952
cytolethal distending toxin of haemophilus ducreyi induces apoptotic death of jurkat t cells.	the immune response to haemophilus ducreyi is mediated in part by t cells infiltrating the site of infection. in this study, we show that h. ducreyi antigen preparations inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary human t-cell lines. h. ducreyi also inhibited jurkat t-cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of jurkat t cells, confirmed through the detection of dna degradation and membrane unpacking. the cytotoxic product(s) was present in cell-free culture supe ...	1999	10569755
identification of a novel mycobacterial histone h1 homologue (hupb) as an antigenic target of panca monoclonal antibody and serum immunoglobulin a from patients with crohn's disease.	panca is a marker antibody associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), including most patients with ulcerative colitis and a subset with crohn's disease. this study addressed the hypothesis that panca reacts with an antigen(s) of microbial agents potentially relevant to ibd pathogenesis. using a panca monoclonal antibody, we have previously identified the c-terminal basic random-coil domain of histone h1 as a panca autoantigen. blast analysis of the peptide databases revealed h1 epitope ho ...	1999	10569769
microtubules are associated with intracellular movement and spread of the periodontopathogen actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans suny 465, the invasion prototype strain, enters epithelial cells by an actin-dependent mechanism, escapes from the host cell vacuole, and spreads intracellularly and to adjacent epithelial cells via intercellular protrusions. internalized organisms also egress from host cells into the assay medium via protrusions that are associated with just a single epithelial cell. here we demonstrate that agents which inhibit microtubule polymerization (e.g., colchicine) ...	1999	10569770
campylobacter upsaliensis gastroenteritis in childhood.	campylobacter upsaliensis can cause gastroenteritis and bacteremia. data on its epidemiology and role in pediatric gastroenteritis are limited.	1999	10571436
wagging the dog: antibiotic use and the emergence of resistance.		1999	10571711
helicobacter pylori rocf is required for arginase activity and acid protection in vitro but is not essential for colonization of mice or for urease activity.	arginase of the helicobacter pylori urea cycle hydrolyzes l-arginine to l-ornithine and urea. h. pylori urease hydrolyzes urea to carbon dioxide and ammonium, which neutralizes acid. both enzymes are involved in h. pylori nitrogen metabolism. the roles of arginase in the physiology of h. pylori were investigated in vitro and in vivo, since arginase in h. pylori is metabolically upstream of urease and urease is known to be required for colonization of animal models by the bacterium. the h. pylori ...	1999	10572136
improved pcr detection of campylobacter jejuni from chicken rinses by a simple sample preparation procedure.	many food samples and enrichment media are inhibitory to the pcr, thereby lowering its detection capacity. a simple sample preparation method based on buoyant density centrifugation was examined for its application in pcr detection of campylobacter jejuni from chicken rinse samples. bacterial cells were spiked at different levels in a mixture of preston broth and chicken rinse (4:1 ratio) and 0.9 ml of these mixtures were layered over 0.6 ml of gradient medium made from percoll. pcr sensitivity ...	1999	10573390
prevalence of campylobacter spp. in poultry and poultry meat in germany.	of 509 samples from poultry flocks, 209 isolates (41.1%) were campylobacter positive. the number of positive cases in broiler carcasses was 45.9%. of 52 pheasants investigated, 25.9% were campylobacter positive. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 86 (42.0%) poultry flock samples, 47 (43%) broiler samples and 15 (28%) wild pheasant samples. c. coli was found at a rate of 1.2% in poultry flocks, 13% in broilers and 21% in pheasants.	1999	10574094
cloning, sequencing, and characterization of genomic subtracted sequences from listeria monocytogenes.	individual sequences of a genomic subtracted, pcr-amplified, mixed-sequence probe (gs probe) were cloned and sequenced. the gs probe differentiated restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns for listeria monocytogenes but did not hybridize with members of other bacterial genera. sequence analysis identified several l. monocytogenes sequences already present in the genbank database; the putative identities of other sequences were inferred from homology data, and still other sequences did n ...	1999	10583999
arginine biosynthesis in campylobacter jejuni tgh9011: determination of the argcobd cluster.	arginine biosynthetic genes from campylobacter jejuni tgh9011 were cloned by functional complementation of the respective escherichia coli arginine biosynthetic mutants. complementation of arga, argb, argc, argd, arge, argf, and argh auxotrophs was accomplished using a pbr322-based c. jejuni tgh9011 plasmid library. by cross-complementation analyses, the first four steps of arginine biosynthesis were shown to be closely linked on the genome. two additional clones complementing the first (arga) a ...	1999	10588044
[the hypothesis of infectious etiology for idiopathic nervous system diseases: from the postulates of koch to the criteria of hill].	the evaluation of the hypothesis of an infectious etiology to some neurological diseases comprises four different situations. first, numerous neurological diseases have an obvious infectious etiology (encephilitis, meningoencephilitis). second, some neurological disorders were primarily suspected to be have an infectious etiology, but the causative microorganism was discovered either longtime after the princeps description of the disease (neurologic whipple disease, due to tropheryma whippelii), ...	1999	10598368
rapidly progressive, predominantly motor guillain-barré syndrome with anti-galnac-gd1a antibodies.	to investigate the presence of anti-galnac-gd1a antibodies in patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and to determine the relation of anti-ganglioside antibodies with clinical features.	1999	10599792
a multifunctional atp-binding cassette transporter system from vibrio cholerae transports vibriobactin and enterobactin.	vibrio cholerae uses the catechol siderophore vibriobactin for iron transport under iron-limiting conditions. we have identified genes for vibriobactin transport and mapped them within the vibriobactin biosynthetic gene cluster. within this genetic region we have identified four genes, viup, viud, viug and viuc, whose protein products have homology to the periplasmic binding protein, the two integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins, and the atpase component, respectively, of other iron transport s ...	1999	10601218
comparison of six dose-response models for use with food-borne pathogens.	food-related illness in the united states is estimated to affect over six million people per year and cost the economy several billion dollars. these illnesses and costs could be reduced if minimum infectious doses were established and used as the basis of regulations and monitoring. however, standard methodologies for dose-response assessment are not yet formulated for microbial risk assessment. the objective of this study was to compare dose-response models for food-borne pathogens and determi ...	1999	10765449
drug resistance in campylobacter jejuni, c coli, and c lari isolated from humans in north west england and wales, 1997.	to test the sensitivity of strains of campylobacter species isolated from humans in england and wales against a range of antimicrobial agents for the purpose of monitoring therapeutic efficacy and as an epidemiological marker.	1999	10690169
the seasonal variation in the microbial agents implicated in the etiology of diarrheal diseases among children in lao people's democratic republic.	during 1994-1995, the etiological structure of children's diarrhea was monitored in outpatients at mahosot hospital, vientiane, lao pdr. of the 191 children studied, 42% had stool specimens positive for enteropathogens; 22% had rotavirus, 21.5% enteropathogenic e. coli, 4.7% shigella flexneri, 2.9% campylobacter jejuni, 2.1% shigella sonnei, and 0.5% each of giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica. no vibrio cholerae and salmonella spp. was detected in this monitoring. in children under f ...	1999	10774703
successful treatment by meropenem of campylobacter jejuni meningitis in a chronic alcoholic following neurosurgery.	meningitis caused by campylobacter jejuni is rare, we describe a case following neurosurgery for intra-cranial haematoma in a chronic alcoholic patient. conventional culture of csf and blood was supplemented by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of campylobacter jejuni.	1999	10714805
flagellin gene polymorphism analysis of campylobacter compared with antigen serotyping.	flagellin gene sequence polymorphisms were used to discriminate amongst 53 strains of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. the campylobacter strains were made up of forty-three strains of campylobacter jejuni and 10 strains of campylobacter coli. the results were analysed in relation to penner serotyping. twenty dna pcr-rflp patterns (genotypes) were identified by analysis of dde i fragment length polymorphisms in flagellin gene (fla a and fla b) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products. flagellin ...	1999	10627993
the effect of flavophospholipol (flavomycin) and salinomycin sodium (sacox) on the excretion of clostridium perfringens, salmonella enteritidis, and campylobacter jejuni in broilers after experimental infection.	intestinal colonization and shedding of pathogenic bacteria in animal feces is an important factor in both human food safety and animal health. the effect of broiler feed additives flavophospholipol (fpl; flavomycin, bambermycins) and salinomycin sodium (sal; sacox) given singly on the excretion of salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, and clostridium perfringens was studied following controlled infection. the incidence of shedding (number of birds with positive fecal cultures) and the d ...	1999	10626641
'infectious web'.	the infection-related web-sites discussed in this issue include sites on the campylobacter jejuni genome, toxoplasma-expressed sequence tags (ests), salmonella infections, the history and biology of tuberculosis, both dna and rna vaccines, and interactions between cytomegalovirus and antibodies.	1999	10639658
combined acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and acute motor axonal neuropathy after vaccination for hepatitis a and infection with campylobacter jejuni.		1999	10653319
identification of proteins required for the internalization of campylobacter jejuni into cultured mammalian cells.	clinical and in vitro experimental data suggest that invasion of intestinal epithelial cells is an essential step in the pathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni-mediated enteritis. however, the molecular mechanism of c. jejuni internalization remains poorly defined. the goal of this study was to identify a gene that encodes a protein required for the internalization of c. jejuni into host cells. a c. jejuni gene, designated ciab, was identified upon immunoscreening c. jejuni genomic dna-phage libra ...	1999	10659361
secretion of campylobacter jejuni cia proteins is contact dependent.	campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. despite the prevalence of c. jejuni infections, the mechanisms of c. jejuni pathogenesis remain ill-defined. invasion of the cells lining the intestinal tract is hypothesized to be essential for the development of c. jejuni-mediated enteritis. recent studies in our laboratory have revealed that c. jejuni secrete proteins, termed cia for campylobacter invasion antigens, upon incubation with human intestinal cells. ...	1999	10659362
codon usage in the a/t-rich bacterium campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is a gram negative, microaerophilic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. the genome of c. jejuni is at-rich, with a mol% g + c of 30.4. this high at content was hypothesized to result in unique codon usage. in the present study, we analyzed the codon usage of sixty-seven c. jejuni genes and generated a codon frequency table. as predicted, the codon usage of c. jejuni revealed a strong bias towards codons ending in a or u. in addition to determining codon usage fre ...	1999	10659363
development of a m-pcr assay for simultaneous identification of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli.	multiplex pcr assay (m-pcr) with three sets of primers was developed for simultaneous identification of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. poultry faecal samples were enriched in preston broth for 24 h and streaking on selective media was performed before and after enrichment. m-pcr was applied on bacterial cultures harvested from media plates. the data showed a selective effect of preston broth which favoured the growth of c. coli. identification of the species by the hippurate hydrolysis test a ...	1999	10664985
efficacy of a commercial competitive exclusion product against campylobacter jejuni.	1. newly-hatched broiler chicks were treated orally with a commercial competitive exclusion product (broilact) in 3 replicate trials 2. after 24 h the treated chicks and untreated control chicks were challenged orally with approximately 10(4) cfu of campylobacter jejuni. 3. the caeca of the birds were examined quantitatively for campylobacter 12 d after the challenge. 4. in 3 separate trials, the treatment prevented or reduced colonisation of the challenge organisms in the caeca. the percentage ...	1999	10670673
the immunopathogenesis of miller fisher syndrome.	over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of miller fisher syndrome (mfs), a clinical variant of guillain barré syndrome (gbs). mfs comprises the clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia. it is associated with acute-phase igg antibodies to gq1b and gt1a gangliosides in over 90% of cases which are highly disease specific. like gbs, mfs is a post-infectious syndrome following diverse infections, but particular attention has been ...	1999	10695710
pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome.	recent neurophysiological and pathological studies have led to a reclassification of the diseases that underlie guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) into acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (aidp), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (amsan) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman). the fisher syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia is the most striking of several related conditions. significant antecedent events include campylobacter jejuni (4-66%), cytomegalovirus ...	1999	10695718
toxic megacolon associated with campylobacter jejuni colitis.		1999	9934778
identification of the enteropathogens campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli based on the cadf virulence gene and its product.	campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are common causes of gastroenteritis in humans. infection with c. jejuni or c. coli is commonly acquired by eating undercooked chicken. the goal of this study was to develop specific detection assays for c. jejuni and c. coli isolates based on the cadf virulence gene and its product. the cadf gene from c. jejuni and c. coli encodes a 37-kda outer membrane protein that promotes the binding of these pathogens to intestinal epithelial cells. a fragment of ...	1999	9986804
body lice as tools for diagnosis and surveillance of reemerging diseases.	body lice are vectors of three bacteria which cause human disease: rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus; bartonella quintana, the agent of trench fever; and borrelia recurrentis, the agent of relapsing fever. a recrudescence of body lice is being observed as the numbers of individuals living under social conditions which predispose individuals to infestation have increased. because this phenomenon may lead to the reemergence of infections transmitted by body lice, we aimed to asse ...	1999	9986818
identification and characterisation of a cytotoxic porin-lipopolysaccharide complex from campylobacter jejuni.	a clinical isolate of campylobacter jejuni, previously found to produce a toxin active in cell culture assays, was used for identification and characterisation of a cytotoxic porin-lipopolysaccharide (lps) complex. this cytotoxic complex was isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography of crude concentrated culture supernate and deae-anion exchange chromatography. the complex had a toxic activity of 20.1 tissue culture dose50 (tcd50)/microg of protein for hep-2 cells, 7.49 tcd50/microg of ...	1999	9989641
quorum sensing in escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, and vibrio harveyi: a new family of genes responsible for autoinducer production.	in bacteria, the regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. quorum-sensing bacteria produce, release, and respond to hormone-like molecules (autoinducers) that accumulate in the external environment as the cell population grows. in the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi two parallel quorum-sensing systems exist, and each is composed of a sensor-autoinducer pair. v. harveyi reporter strains capable of detecting only autoinducer 1 (ai-1) or autoindu ...	1999	9990077
cloning and expression of the dnak gene of campylobacter jejuni and antigenicity of heat shock protein 70.	campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea throughout the world. in addition, there is growing evidence that guillain-barré syndrome, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system, is frequently preceded by c. jejuni infection. in the present study, the hrca-grpe-dnak gene cluster of c. jejuni was cloned and sequenced. the dnak gene consists of an open reading frame of 1,869 bp and encodes a protein with a high degree of homology to other bacterial 70 ...	1999	10024560
identification of a cytolethal distending toxin gene locus and features of a virulence-associated region in actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	a genetic locus for a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) was identified in a polymorphic region of the chromosome of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a predominant oral pathogen. the locus was comprised of three open reading frames (orfs) that had significant amino acid sequence similarity and more than 90% sequence identity to the cdtabc genes of some pathogenic escherichia coli strains and haemophilus ducreyi, respectively. sonic extracts from recombinant e. coli, containing the a. actinom ...	1999	10024565
characterization of human bactericidal antibodies to bordetella pertussis.	the bordetella pertussis brka protein protects against the bactericidal activity of complement and antibody; however, some individuals mount an immune response that overcomes this bacterial defense. to further characterize this process, the bactericidal activities of sera from 13 adults with different modes of exposure to b. pertussis (infected as adults, occupational exposure, immunized with an acellular vaccine, or no identified exposure) against a wild-type strain and a brka complement-sensit ...	1999	10024590
inducing enterotoxigenic properties in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by serial intraperitoneal passage in mice.		1999	10029919
etiology of outpatient pediatric nondysenteric diarrhea: a multicenter study in the united states.	few data have been published recently on the etiology of outpatient pediatric diarrhea in the us.	1999	10048678
lymphocytic colitis: a clue to an infectious trigger.	we present a 19-year-old patient who was admitted for evaluation of prolonged watery diarrhea. previous study showed one stool culture positive for campylobacter jejuni, which was treated with appropriate antibiotics with no response. she underwent colonoscopy with multiple biopsies, which led to a diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis. we believe that the patient's disease was due to the infectious process, which triggered an autoimmune response and caused the lymphocytic colitis.	1999	10048742
ferritin mutants of escherichia coli are iron deficient and growth impaired, and fur mutants are iron deficient.	escherichia coli contains at least two iron storage proteins, a ferritin (ftna) and a bacterioferritin (bfr). to investigate their specific functions, the corresponding genes (ftna and bfr) were inactivated by replacing the chromosomal ftna and bfr genes with disrupted derivatives containing antibiotic resistance cassettes in place of internal segments of the corresponding coding regions. single mutants (ftna::spc and bfr::kan) and a double mutant (ftna::spc bfr::kan) were generated and confirme ...	1999	10049371
physiological characterization of viable-but-nonculturable campylobacter jejuni cells.	campylobacter jejuni is a pathogenic, microaerophilic, gram-negative, mesophilic bacterium. three strains isolated from humans with enteric campylobacteriosis were able to survive at high population levels (10(7) cells ml-1) as viable-but-nonculturable (vbnc) forms in microcosm water. the vbnc forms of the three c. jejuni strains were enumerated and characterized by using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride-4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole staining. cellular volume, adenylate energy charge, inte ...	1999	10049870
comparison of flagellin genes from clinical and environmental pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.	pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen, was isolated from environmental samples and compared to clinically derived strains. while p. aeruginosa was isolated readily from an experimental mushroom-growing unit, it was found only rarely in other environmental samples. a flagellin gene pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the isolates revealed that environmental and clinical p. aeruginosa strains are not readily distinguishable. the variation in the central r ...	1999	10049879
a randomly amplified polymorphic dna marker specific for the bacillus cereus group is diagnostic for bacillus anthracis.	aiming to develop a dna marker specific for bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species from bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus bacillus, including 61 strains of the b. cereus group. an 838-bp rapd marker (sg-850) specific for b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, and b. mycoides was identified. this fragment included a putat ...	1999	10049896
in situ analysis of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline of meromictic lake cadagno (switzerland).	comparative sequence analysis of a 16s rrna gene clone library from the chemocline of the meromictic lake cadagno (switzerland) revealed the presence of a diverse number of phototrophic sulfur bacteria. sequences resembled those of rrna of type strains chromatium okenii dsm169 and amoebobacter purpureus dsm4197, as well as those of four bacteria forming a tight cluster with a. purpureus dsm4197 and lamprocystis roseopersicina dsm229. in situ hybridization with fluorescent (cy3 labeled) oligonucl ...	1999	10049902
changes in the evolution of the antigenic profiles and morphology during coccoid conversion of helicobacter pylori.	the significance of the coccoid forms of h. pylori is still controversial and the questions of whether these forms are viable and infective or degenerative are still open. we induced conversion from rod to coccoid forms and studied morphological changes and antigenic evolutions during this conversion and, thereby, elucidated the viability of coccoid forms.	1999	10063308
apoptotic effect of outer-membrane proteins from campylobacter jejuni on chicken lymphocytes.	campylobacter jejuni is a significant cause of food-borne diseases in humans. the bacterium is considered a commensal organism in chickens, and it can heavily colonize chickens without causing inflammation. poultry may be the major reservoir for the human infection in developed countries. here we show that an outer-membrane protein extract prepared from the bacteria caused apoptosis of chicken lymphocytes detected in vitro with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick end-lab ...	1999	10069862
evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of identification of food-borne pathogens by automated bacterial identification systems.	the performances of five automated microbial identification systems, relative to that of a reference identification system, for their ability to accurately and repeatedly identify six common food-borne pathogens were assessed. the systems assessed were the microlog system (biolog inc., hayward, calif.), the microbial identification system (mis; midi inc., newark, del.), the vitek system (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.), the microscan walkaway 40 system (dade-microscan international, west sacra ...	1999	10074506
identification and characterization of is2404 and is2606: two distinct repeated sequences for detection of mycobacterium ulcerans by pcr.	molecular analysis of mycobacterium ulcerans has revealed two new insertion sequences (iss), is2404 and is2606. is2404 was identified by complete sequencing of a previously described repetitive dna segment from m. ulcerans. this element is 1,274 bp long, contains 12-bp inverted repeats and a single open reading frame (orf) potentially encoding a protein of 327 amino acids (aa), and apparently generates 7-bp direct repeats upon transposition. amino acid similarity was found between the putative t ...	1999	10074520
cloning, mutation and distribution of a putative lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus in campylobacter jejuni.	a region encoding orfs with homology to known lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis genes was isolated from two strains of campylobacter jejuni. one of the strains produces lps, but the second strain is reported to produce only lipooligosaccharide (los) and therefore lacks the o-chain. the two strains shared six predicted orfs, but an additional orf, orfe, of unknown function was identified in the los-producing strain. mutation of the shared wbee (rfbe) homologue (orff) or deletion of five of th ...	1999	10075420
[campylobacter fetus bacteremia and thrombophlebitis in a patient with waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia].	we report a 67-year-old male with waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia who developed campylobacter fetus subspesis fetus (c. fetus) bacteremia and thrombophlebitis. the patient developed a fever and pain in his left lower limb, and could not walk because of the pain. radioisotopic venography showed thrombophlebitis in his left lower limb. his blood culture grew c. fetus. after starting intravenous papm/bp, his symptoms resolved promptly. in contrast to campylobacter jejuni which is a common cause of ...	1999	10077907
campylobacter jejuni--an emerging foodborne pathogen.	campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of foodborne infection in the united states. adding to the human and economic costs are chronic sequelae associated with c. jejuni infection--guillian-barré syndrome and reactive arthritis. in addition, an increasing proportion of human infections caused by c. jejuni are resistant to antimicrobial therapy. mishandling of raw poultry and consumption of undercooked poultry are the major risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. ef ...	1999	10081669
[lumbar puncture in a pediatric emergency department: something more than a diagnostic technic].	the aim of this study was to know the incidence of serious bacterial infections (sbi) in children without sepsis or intracranial infection in which spinal puncture (lp) was performed in an emergency department.	1999	10083638