Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a fungal cu/zn-containing superoxide dismutase enhances the therapeutic efficacy of a plant polyphenol extract in experimental influenza virus infection. | the combined protective effect of a polyphenol-rich extract, isolated from geranium sanguineum l. (pc), and a novel naturally glycosylated cu/zn-containing superoxide dismutase, produced from the fungal strain humicula lutea 103 (hl-sod), in the experimental influenza a virus infection (eivi) in mice, induced with the virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2), was investigated. the combined application of hl-sod and pc in doses, which by themselves do not defend significantly mice in eivi, resulted in a synergi ... | 2010 | 20653246 |
| heterologous sh3-p85beta inhibits influenza a virus replication. | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt signalling pathway can support the replication of influenza a virus through binding of viral ns1 protein to the src homology 3 (sh3) domain of p85beta regulatory subunit of pi3k. here we investigated the effect of heterologously overexpressed sh3 on the replication of different influenza a virus subtypes/strains, and on the phosphorylation of akt in the virus-infected cells. we found that heterologous sh3 reduced replication of influenza a viruses at vary ... | 2010 | 20653952 |
| experimental infection with h1n1 european swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 human influenza virus. | the recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from north american and eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. the emergence of this a(h1n1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. in europe, h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently ... | 2010 | 20663475 |
| highly sensitive and quantitative detection of the h274y oseltamivir resistance mutation in seasonal a/h1n1 influenza virus. | a c-to-t transition mutation in the neuraminidase gene from seasonal a/h1n1 causes a his-to-tyr mutation at amino acid position 275 (h274y, universal n2 numbering), conferring resistance against oseltamivir (tamiflu). this mutation was first detected in clinical samples in europe during the 2007-2008 influenza season. viruses with this mutation reached a prevalence of ∼11% by the end of the season in north american isolates tested by the cdc. we developed a highly sensitive and specific quantita ... | 2010 | 20668122 |
| comparison of 10 indirect fluorescent antibodies to detect and type influenza a specimens. | management of influenza infections relies on rapid, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic techniques. influenza a (ia) strain typing has become more important since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian and novel influenza strains and the high frequency of oseltamivir resistance in circulating h1n1 isolates. | 2010 | 20670139 |
| evaluation of the xpert flu a panel nucleic acid amplification-based point-of-care test for influenza a virus detection and pandemic h1 subtyping. | influenza antigenic point-of-care (poc) tests are too insensitive for individual reliable diagnosis of influenza virus infections without additional laboratory confirmation. molecular poc tests could be a valuable alternative. | 2010 | 20674478 |
| inactivated split-virion seasonal influenza vaccine (fluarix): a review of its use in the prevention of seasonal influenza in adults and the elderly. | fluarix is a trivalent, inactivated, split-virion influenza vaccine containing 15 microg haemagglutinin from each of the three influenza virus strains (including an h1n1 influenza a virus subtype, an h3n2 influenza a virus subtype and an influenza b virus) that are expected to be circulating in the up-coming influenza season. fluarix is highly immunogenic in healthy adults and elderly, and exceeds the criteria that make it acceptable for licensure in various regions (including the us and europe) ... | 2010 | 20687619 |
| prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip), 2010. | this report updates the 2009 recommendations by cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of influenza (cdc. prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2009;58[no. rr-8] and cdc. use of influenza a (h1n1) 2009 monovalent vaccine---recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip], 2009. mmwr 2009;58:[no. rr-10]). ... | 2010 | 20689501 |
| pandemic influenza a(h1n1) 2009 outbreak in a residential school at panchgani, maharashtra, india. | an outbreak of influenza was investigated between june 24 and july 30, 2009 in a residential school at panchgani, maharashtra, india. the objectives were to determine the aetiology, study the clinical features in the affected individuals and, important epidemiological and environmental factors. the nature of public health response and effectiveness of the control measures were also evaluated. | 2010 | 20693592 |
| [in vitro efficacy of ingavirin against the pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1/09)v]. | ingavirin was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains a/california/04/2009 (h1n1)v, a/california/07/2009 (h1n1)v, a/moscow/225/2009 (h1n1)v and a/moscow/226/2009 (h1n1)v, as well as the strains a/chicken/kurgan/05/2005 (h5n1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) in the mdck cell culture. the hemagglutinin and cytopathic activity of the influenza virus strains decreased at entering ingavirin in vitro. | 2010 | 20695202 |
| establishment of a multiplex rt-pcr assay to detect different lineages of swine h1 and h3 influenza a viruses. | classical swine h1n1, emerging european avian-like h1n1 and human-like h3n2 lineages are co-circulating in the swine population in china. the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is an effective method for use in influenza surveillance. in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was developed for simultaneous identification of hemagglutinin (ha) genes derived from the three lineages of swine influenza viruses. three primer sets were designed and aimed specifically at ha g ... | 2010 | 20700759 |
| quantitative proteomics using silac coupled to lc-ms/ms reveals changes in the nucleolar proteome in influenza a virus-infected cells. | influenza a virus (iav) is a major human pathogen whose genotypic diversity results in unpredictable pandemics and epidemics. interaction with the cell nucleus is essential to iav infection, allowing recruitment of cellular components to facilitate virus replication. viral proteins are also targeted to the nucleolus, a subnuclear structure involved in ribosomal biogenesis, rna maturation, stress response, and control of cell growth, but the functional consequences of this are unclear. we took an ... | 2010 | 20701360 |
| the esev pdz-binding motif of the avian influenza a virus ns1 protein protects infected cells from apoptosis by directly targeting scribble. | the ns1 protein from influenza a viruses contains a four-amino-acid sequence at its carboxyl terminus that is termed the pdz-binding motif (pbm). the ns1 pbm is predicted to bind to cellular pdz proteins and functions as a virulence determinant in infected mice. esev is the consensus pbm sequence of avian influenza viruses, while rskv is the consensus sequence of human viruses. currently circulating highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza viruses encode an ns1 protein with the esev pbm. we identified c ... | 2010 | 20702615 |
| pb2 and hemagglutinin mutations are major determinants of host range and virulence in mouse-adapted influenza a virus. | serial mouse lung passage of a human influenza a virus, a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) (hk-wt), produced a mouse-adapted variant, ma, with nine mutations that was >10(3.8)-fold more virulent. in this study, we demonstrate that ma mutations of the pb2 (d701n) and hemagglutinin (ha) (g218w in ha1 and t156n in ha2) genes were the most adaptive genetic determinants for increased growth and virulence in the mouse model. recombinant viruses expressing each of the mutated ma genome segments on the hk-wt backb ... | 2010 | 20702632 |
| human influenza is more effective than avian influenza at antiviral suppression in airway cells. | airway epithelial cells are the initial site of infection with influenza viruses. the innate immune responses of airway epithelial cells to infection are important in limiting virus replication and spread. however, relatively little is known about the importance of this innate antiviral response to infection. avian influenza viruses are a potential source of future pandemics, therefore it is critical to examine the effectiveness of the host antiviral system to different influenza viruses. we use ... | 2010 | 20705938 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an elastase-dependent live attenuated swine influenza virus vaccine administered intranasally in pigs. | influenza a virus is an important respiratory pathogen of swine that causes significant morbidity and economic impact on the swine industry. vaccination is the first choice for prevention and control of influenza infections. live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv) are approved for use in humans and horses and their application provides broad protective immunity, however no laiv against swine influenza virus (siv) exists in the market. previously we reported that an elastase-dependent mutant si ... | 2010 | 20708697 |
| the need for quadrivalent vaccine against seasonal influenza. | seasonal influenza epidemics represent a substantial public health burden, causing significant morbidity and mortality. influenza in humans can be caused by influenza type a and type b viruses, and although influenza a is responsible for the majority of seasonal influenza infections, influenza b disease is common in children and young adults, and causes seasonal epidemics every 2-4 years. influenza strains circulating during a seasonal epidemic may be influenza type a strains a/h1n1 and a/h3n2, ... | 2010 | 20713260 |
| [rapid detection of novel influenza a virus and seasonal influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) viruses by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp)]. | reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay we developed detects novel influenza a (h1n1) of swine origin and seasonal influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) viruses. individual primer sets targeting the ha gene for novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2 were newly designed to specifically detect these subtypes. no cross-reactions occurred among novel h1n1, h1n1, and h3n2, and 7 respiratory viruses-influenza b virus, influenza c virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneum ... | 2010 | 20715552 |
| highly conserved cross-reactive cd4+ t-cell ha-epitopes of seasonal and the 2009 pandemic influenza viruses. | the relatively mild nature of the 2009 influenza pandemic (nh1n1) highlights the overriding importance of pre-existing immune memory. the absence of cross-reactive antibodies to nh1n1 in most individuals suggests that such attenuation may be attributed to pre-existing cellular immune responses to epitopes shared between nh1n1 virus and previously circulating strains of inter-pandemic influenza a viruses. | 2010 | 20716156 |
| equine and canine influenza: a review of current events. | in the past decade, the pandemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 and the novel h1n1 influenza have both illustrated the potential of influenza viruses to rapidly emerge and spread widely in animals and people. since both of these viruses are zoonotic, these pandemics have been the driving force behind a renewed commitment by the medical and veterinary professions to practice one world, one health for the control of infectious diseases. the discovery in 2004 that an equine origin h3n8 ... | 2010 | 20426896 |
| antibody response against heterogeneous circulating influenza virus strains elicited by mf59- and non-adjuvanted vaccines during seasons with good or partial matching between vaccine strain and clinical isolates. | mf59 is already known to enhance the breadth of antibody response to mismatched influenza seasonal and avian strains. however, little is known on the effect of mf59 on immunogenicity of influenza vaccines when "apparent" good matching between circulating and vaccine strains exists. to this end, we compared the immune response elicited by mf59-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted subunit vaccine, containing a/california/7/04(h3n2) strain, against circulating viruses isolated between 2004/2005 and 2006/20 ... | 2010 | 20433807 |
| differentiation of human influenza a viruses including the pandemic subtype h1n1/2009 by conventional multiplex pcr. | april 2009 witnessed the emergence of a novel h1n1 influenza a virus infecting the human population. currently, pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses are co-circulating in human populations. understanding the course of the emerging pandemic virus is important. it is still unknown how the novel virus co-circulates with or outcompetes seasonal viruses. sustainable and detailed influenza surveillance is required throughout the world including developing countries. in the present study, a multiple ... | 2010 | 20447424 |
| first whole genome characterization of swine influenza virus subtype h3n2 in thailand. | h3n2 swine influenza viruses (siv) were first detected in asia shortly after the 1968 pandemic emerged in humans. subsequently, human h3n2 viruses have sporadically reappeared in swine. in thailand, a human-like h3n2 siv was reported in 1978 although the genetic sequence of this virus is unknown. in this study, we undertook cross sectional syndromic surveillance in pigs in four provinces in thailand. seven genetically similar h3n2 viruses were isolated. a representative, a/sw/thailand/ku5.1/04, ... | 2010 | 20447778 |
| detection of pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus by multiplex reverse transcription-pcr with a gexp analyzer. | a novel application of the gexp genetic analysis system for the differential detection of pandemic influenza a h1n1 from seasonal influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 is described. the assay was evaluated using identified influenza viruses and clinical samples. the results indicate that the assay is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of the pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus with a detection limit of 10 copies per reaction superior to that of assays in use currently. the assay is able to det ... | 2010 | 20452377 |
| antigenic categorization of contemporary h3n2 swine influenza virus isolates using a high-throughput serum neutralization assay. | in vivo, neutralizing antibodies are critical for viral clearance. a high-throughput serum neutralization (htsn) assay was developed to antigenically categorize swine influenza virus (siv) isolates. uncategorized viruses were tested using a panel of antisera representing the h3n2 siv subtypes and the results expressed as a serum neutralization ratio. antisera were generated against contemporary isolates representing circulating h3n2 siv subtypes (clusters i, iii, iv). reference viruses and the c ... | 2010 | 20453207 |
| [clinical trial of safety and immunogenicity of new influenza vaccine grifor in children]. | assessment of reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity after single intramuscular immunization of children with grifor vaccine. | 2010 | 20465002 |
| tracking the emergence of pandemic influenza a/h1n1/2009 and its interaction with seasonal influenza viruses in singapore. | since the emergence of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1/2009 virus in april 2009, diagnostic testing in many countries has revealed the rapid displacement and then replacement of circulating seasonal influenza viruses by this novel virus. | 2010 | 20473453 |
| sialic acid-mimic peptides as hemagglutinin inhibitors for anti-influenza therapy. | influenza is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, and each year many people suffer from this disease. hemagglutinin (ha) in the membrane of type a influenza viruses recognizes sialylglycoconjugate receptors on the host cell surface at an initial step in the infection process; consequently, ha inhibitors are considered potential candidates for antiviral drugs. we identified peptides that bind to receptor-binding sites through a multiple serial selection from phage-displayed random ... | 2010 | 20476787 |
| [colorimetric detection of human influenza a h1n1 virus by reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification]. | a simple, rapid and sensitive colorimetric reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method was established to detect human influenza a h1n1 virus. the method employed a set of six specially designed primers that recognized eight distinct sequences of the ha gene for amplification of nucleic acid under isothermal conditions at 65 degrees c for one and half hour. the amplification process of rt-lamp was monitored by the addition of hnb (hydroxy naphthol blue) dye prio ... | 2010 | 20480635 |
| [development of single-tube multiplex real-time pcr for simultaneous detection of novel influenza a h1n1 and human seasonal influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 virus]. | in this study, we established a rapid and sensitive multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mrtrt-pcr) to simultaneously detect the novel human influenza a h1n1 virus, human seasonal influenza a h1n1 and h3n2. this assay had three pairs of primer to target the conserved regions of the ha gene for each of the ha types including novel h1n1, seasonal h1n1 and seasonal h3n2, and one pair of primer designed to detect the internal control-rnasep gene. this assay was perfor ... | 2010 | 20480637 |
| viral reassortment and transmission after co-infection of pigs with classical h1n1 and triple-reassortant h3n2 swine influenza viruses. | triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses circulating in north american pigs contain the internal genes derived from swine (matrix, non-structural and nucleoprotein), human [polymerase basic 1 (pb1)] and avian (polymerase acidic and pb2) influenza viruses forming a constellation of genes that is well conserved and is called the triple-reassortant internal gene (trig) cassette. in contrast, the external genes [haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na)] are less conserved, reflecting multiple re ... | 2010 | 20484565 |
| in vitro system for modeling influenza a virus resistance under drug pressure. | one of the biggest challenges in the effort to treat and contain influenza a virus infections is the emergence of resistance during treatment. it is well documented that resistance to amantadine arises rapidly during the course of treatment due to mutations in the gene coding for the m2 protein. to address this problem, it is critical to develop experimental systems that can accurately model the selection of resistance under drug pressure as seen in humans. we used the hollow-fiber infection mod ... | 2010 | 20498316 |
| differing symptom patterns in early pandemic vs seasonal influenza infections. | singapore is a tropical country with a temperature range of 23 degrees c to 35 degrees c and relative humidity of 48% to 100% throughout the year. influenza incidence peaks in june through july and november through january, though influenza cases can be detected throughout the year. | 2010 | 20498413 |
| [detection of molecular markers of amantadine resistance in swine influenza viruses by pyrosequencing]. | to evaluate the resistance against the adamantine of multi-genotype (h1n1, h3n2 and h9n2) swine influenza viruses isolated from china in recent years by pyrosequencing. | 2010 | 20499646 |
| [microarray for detecting and subtyping of circulating influenza a virus]. | we designed and characterized an oligonucleotide microarray for detecting and subtyping of circulating influenza a virus including subtypes h1n1, h1n2, h3n2, h5n1 and h9n2. | 2010 | 20499647 |
| critical role of airway macrophages in modulating disease severity during influenza virus infection of mice. | airway macrophages provide a first line of host defense against a range of airborne pathogens, including influenza virus. in this study, we show that influenza viruses differ markedly in their abilities to infect murine macrophages in vitro and that infection of macrophages is nonproductive and no infectious virus is released. virus strain bjx109 (h3n2) infected macrophages with high efficiency and was associated with mild disease following intranasal infection of mice. in contrast, virus strain ... | 2010 | 20504924 |
| establishment and characterization of a madin-darby canine kidney reporter cell line for influenza a virus assays. | influenza virus diagnosis has traditionally relied on virus isolation in chicken embryo or cell cultures. many laboratories have adopted rapid molecular methods for detection of influenza viruses and discontinued routine utilization of the relatively slow viral culture methods. we describe an influenza a virus reporter cell line that contributes to more efficient viral detection in cell culture. madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were engineered to constitutively produce an influenza virus g ... | 2010 | 20504984 |
| longitudinal clearance of seasonal influenza a viral rna measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients identified at a hospital emergency department. | to study influenza virus shedding during acute infection, viral load was longitudinally measured by quantitative pcr in nasal flocked swabs from patients with seasonal h3n2 influenza at a swedish emergency department, including both hospitalized patients and outpatients. influenza a was detected in 65/184 patients. sampling was repeated every 3-4 days in 45 patients, with the aim of continuing sampling until day 12 after disease onset. home visits were offered. antibodies were measured on paired ... | 2010 | 20507261 |
| antiviral drug susceptibilities of seasonal human influenza viruses in lebanon, 2008-09 season. | the emergence of antiviral drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus in addition to the rapid spread of the recent pandemic a(h1n1) 2009 virus highlight the importance of surveillance of influenza in identifying new variants as they appear. in this study, genetic characteristics and antiviral susceptibility patterns of influenza samples collected in lebanon during the 2008-09 season were investigated. forty influenza virus samples were isolated from 89 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from pati ... | 2010 | 20513088 |
| genomic events contributing to the high prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a/h3n2. | the prevalence of amantadine-resistant influenza a/h3n2 viruses (belonging to the n-lineage), possessing an s31n mutation in the m2 protein and s193f and d225n substitutions in their ha1 subunit, has significantly increased worldwide since 2005. the aim of this study was to clarify the genomic events contributing to the evolution and continuity of the n-lineage amantadine-resistant viruses. | 2010 | 20516551 |
| receptor specificity of influenza a h3n2 viruses isolated in mammalian cells and embryonated chicken eggs. | isolation of human subtype h3n2 influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs yields viruses with amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (ha) that often affect binding to sialic acid receptors. we used a glycan array approach to analyze the repertoire of sialylated glycans recognized by viruses from the same clinical specimen isolated in eggs or cell cultures. the binding profiles of whole virions to 85 sialoglycans on the microarray allowed the categorization of cell isolates into two gr ... | 2010 | 20519409 |
| monoclonal antibody kit for identification of the novel 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus. | to develop an immunofluorescence assay for identification of the 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus, we generated a number of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by using inactivated h1n1 2009 virus (a/california/07/2009) as the immunogen. two mabs that target two different epitopes of the 2009 h1n1 hemagglutinin (ha) were selected to make the d(3) ultra 2009 h1n1 influenza a id kit (2009 h1n1 id kit; diagnostic hybrids, inc., athens, oh), which is intended for the identification of the 2009 h1n1 virus by ind ... | 2010 | 20519459 |
| survey of influenza a viruses circulating in wild birds in canada 2005 to 2007. | a multi-agency, canada-wide survey of influenza a viruses circulating in wild birds, coordinated by the canadian cooperative wildlife health centre, was begun in the summer of 2005. cloacal swab specimens collected from young-of-year ducks were screened for the presence of influenza a nucleic acids by quantitative, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr). specimens that produced positive results underwent further testing for h5 and h7 gene sequences and virus isolatio ... | 2010 | 20521675 |
| continuing evolution and interspecies transmission of influenza viruses in live bird markets in korea. | live bird markets (lbms) provide an ideal environment for the evolution and interspecies transfer of avian influenza viruses (aivs). in this study, we analyzed aivs present in lbms in korea during the winter seasons of 2006-08. sixty-five aivs that belong to four hemagglutination (ha) subtypes ofaiv (h3, h4, h6, and h9) were isolated from 644 pooled tissue or swab samples collected in lbms. most h9 subtypes of aivs were isolated from galliformes (chickens, silky fowls, pheasants, and guinea fowl ... | 2010 | 20521725 |
| inactivation and mineralization of aerosol deposited model pathogenic microorganisms over tio2 and pt/tio2. | air disinfection from bacteria and viruses by means of photocatalytic oxidation is investigated with microorganisms loaded over photocatalysts' films from aerosols. deposition method and equipment have been developed to load mycobacterium smegmatis , bacillus thuringiensis , vaccinia virus, and influenza a (h3n2) virus on slides with undoped tio(2) and platinized sulfated tio(2) (pt/tio(2)). inactivation dynamics was measured under uva irradiation and in the dark. about 90% inactivation is reach ... | 2010 | 20521809 |
| outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza. | the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting clinical outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe seasonal influenza. | 2010 | 20522848 |
| comparative age distribution of influenza morbidity and mortality during seasonal influenza epidemics and the 2009 h1n1 pandemic. | several studies have shown a relatively high mortality rate among young people infected by the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus. here we compared the age distributions of morbidity and mortality during two seasonal influenza epidemics (h1n1 and h3n2) in france and the united states with those of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic waves in the same countries. | 2010 | 20534113 |
| a phylogenetic approach to detecting reassortments in viruses with segmented genomes. | when multiple strains of viruses with segmented genomes co-infect a single cell, strains with novel genomic constellations may be created. this mutational process, called reassortment, has caused pandemics of influenza a virus in 1957 and 1968. here a phylogenetic approach to detecting reassortments, which can be used even when the phylogenetic tree constructed for all strains analyzed is unreliable, is presented. a quartet of strains is examined at a time, where a phylogenetic tree is construct ... | 2010 | 20546849 |
| induction of cross-neutralizing antibody against h5n1 virus after vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine in copd patients. | archival serum samples from elderly individuals with underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) who were enrolled in a double-blind case-control study of seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy were assayed for cross-neutralizing antibody formation to avian influenza a (h5n1) virus. of 118 serum samples, 58 were collected from influenza vaccinees (mean age 68.5 y), and 60 from placebo controls (mean age 68.4 y) who received vitamin b injections. blood samples were collected before and a ... | 2010 | 20565296 |
| design, assembly, and validation of a nose-only inhalation exposure system for studies of aerosolized viable influenza h5n1 virus in ferrets. | the routes by which humans acquire influenza h5n1 infections have not been fully elucidated. based on the known biology of influenza viruses, four modes of transmission are most likely in humans: aerosol transmission, ingestion of undercooked contaminated infected poultry, transmission by large droplets and self-inoculation of the nasal mucosa by contaminated hands. in preparation of a study to resolve whether h5n1 viruses are transmissible by aerosol in an animal model that is a surrogate for h ... | 2010 | 20573226 |
| [phylogenetic analysis based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes between swine influenza virus and human influenza a/h3n2 virus strains isolated in zhejiang province]. | to investigate the phylogenetic relationship between swine influenza a/h3n2 virus and the representative strains of human influenza a/h3n2 virus isolated in two epidemics in recent years through comparing the sequences within ha and na genes. | 2010 | 20575270 |
| intanza 15 microg intradermal seasonal influenza vaccine: in older adults (aged >or=60 years). | intradermal seasonal influenza vaccine delivered by a microneedle injection system (intanza) contains inactivated split virion antigens from influenza type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b strains as recommended annually by the who and the eu for the prevention of seasonal influenza. in randomized, comparator-controlled, phase iii trials in elderly volunteers, intanza 15 microg elicited a strong immune response against influenza virus. in a pivotal trial, seroprotection rates with intanza 15 microg were ... | 2010 | 20583853 |
| immunity to pre-1950 h1n1 influenza viruses confers cross-protection against the pandemic swine-origin 2009 a (h1n1) influenza virus. | the 2009 h1n1 influenza virus outbreak is the first pandemic of the twenty-first century. epidemiological data reveal that of all the people afflicted with h1n1 virus, <5% are over 51 y of age. interestingly, in the uninfected population, 33% of those >60 y old have pre-existing neutralizing abs against the 2009 h1n1 virus. this finding suggests that influenza strains that circulated 50-60 y ago might provide cross-protection against the swine-origin 2009 h1n1 influenza virus. to test this, we d ... | 2010 | 20585035 |
| estimating pathogen-specific asymptomatic ratios. | the asymptomatic ratio (the proportion of asymptomatic infected cases among the total infected cases) is an important indicator in public health. however, symptoms manifested by a case infected with a pathogen may result from infections other than the specific pathogen of interest. when a case is infected with multiple pathogens, it can be difficult to distinguish which pathogen is causing the symptoms. these conditions complicate the estimation of asymptomatic ratios. we used influenza serologi ... | 2010 | 20585253 |
| novel swine influenza virus reassortants in pigs, china. | during swine influenza virus surveillance in pigs in china during 2006-2009, we isolated subtypes h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 and found novel reassortment between contemporary swine and avian panzootic viruses. these reassortment events raise concern about generation of novel viruses in pigs, which could have pandemic potential. | 2010 | 20587196 |
| [seroprevalence of the swine influenza virus in fattening pigs in argentina in the 2002 season: evaluation by hemagglutination-inhibition and elisa tests]. | the seroprevalence of the influenza virus against h1n1 and h3n2 was determined by the hemagglutination-inhibition test (hi) and a commercial swine influenza elisa kit, in 13 argentinean swine herds. the results of within-herd and between-herd prevalence obtained by both tests were statistically correlated. the within-herd prevalence observed by the hi test varied from 38.46 to 100% against h1 and 7.69 to 100% for h3. when the within-herd prevalence was measured with the elisa test, it varied fro ... | 2010 | 20589329 |
| production of cell culture (mdck) derived live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in a fully disposable platform process. | the majority of influenza vaccines are manufactured using embryonated hens' eggs. the potential occurrence of a pandemic outbreak of avian influenza might reduce or even eliminate the supply of eggs, leaving the human population at risk. also, the egg-based production technology is intrinsically cumbersome and not easily scalable to provide a rapid worldwide supply of vaccine. in this communication, the production of a cell culture (madin-darby canine kidney (mdck)) derived live attenuated influ ... | 2010 | 20589670 |
| the impact of matching vaccine strains and post-sars public health efforts on reducing influenza-associated mortality among the elderly. | public health administrators do not have effective models to predict excess influenza-associated mortality and monitor viral changes associated with it. this study evaluated the effect of matching/mismatching vaccine strains, type/subtype pattern changes in taiwan's influenza viruses, and the impact of post-sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) public health efforts on excess influenza-associated mortalities among the elderly. a negative binomial model was developed to estimate taiwan's month ... | 2010 | 20592764 |
| influenza a subtyping: seasonal h1n1, h3n2, and the appearance of novel h1n1. | influenza virus subtyping has emerged as a critical tool in the diagnosis of influenza. antiviral resistance is present in the majority of seasonal h1n1 influenza a infections, with association of viral strain type and antiviral resistance. influenza a virus subtypes can be reliably distinguished by examining conserved sequences in the matrix protein gene. we describe our experience with an assay for influenza a subtyping based on matrix gene sequences. viral rna was prepared from nasopharyngeal ... | 2010 | 20595627 |
| [study of the antiviral activity of russian anti-influenza agents in cell culture and animal models]. | the study of the antiviral activity of russian anti-influenza agents in the cultured mdck cells demonstrated that arbidol and ribavirin inhibited the reproduction of various influenza a virus strains, including rimantadine- and ozeltamivir-resistant variants, as well as influenza b viruses (ic50 2-8.5 microg/ml). rimantadine at concentrations of 1-5 microg/ml completely inhibited the reproduction of reference and ozeltamivir-resistant influenza a virus strains, and it had no effect on the reprod ... | 2010 | 20608077 |
| prior infection of pigs with swine influenza viruses is a barrier to infection with avian influenza viruses. | although pigs are susceptible to avian influenza viruses (aiv) of different subtypes, the incidence of aiv infections in the field appears to be low. swine h1n1, h3n2 and h1n2 influenza viruses (siv) are enzootic worldwide and most pigs have antibodies to 1 or more siv subtypes. this study aimed to examine whether infection-immunity to h1n1 or h3n2 siv may (1) protect pigs against subsequent infections with aiv of various haemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase subtypes and/or (2) interfere with the ... | 2010 | 20627621 |
| assessing the viral fitness of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses in ferrets, using a competitive-mixtures model. | to determine the relative fitness of oseltamivir-resistant strains compared to susceptible wild-type viruses, we combined mathematical modeling and statistical techniques with a novel in vivo "competitive-mixtures" experimental model. ferrets were coinfected with either pure populations (100% susceptible wild-type or 100% oseltamivir-resistant mutant virus) or mixed populations of wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses (80%:20%, 50%:50%, and 20%:80%) at equivalent infectivity tite ... | 2010 | 20631138 |
| influenza virus variation in susceptibility to inactivation by pomegranate polyphenols is determined by envelope glycoproteins. | pomegranates have high levels of polyphenols (pps) and may be a rich source of compounds with antiviral activity. we evaluated the direct anti-influenza activity of three commercially available pomegranate extracts: pomegranate juice (pj), a concentrated liquid extract (pomxl), and a 93% pp powder extract (pomxp). the acidity of pj and pomxl solutions contributed to rapid anti-influenza activity, but this was not a factor with pomxp. studies using pomxp showed that 5min treatment at room tempera ... | 2010 | 20637243 |
| influenza surveillance in a cohort of hiv-infected children and adolescents immunized against seasonal influenza. | during the 2006-2007 season, 19 hiv-uninfected and 33 hiv-infected children and adolescents with full immunovirologic response to haart were immunized against influenza and subsequently followed up. one month post-immunization all subjects had protective antibodies titres which persisted for the whole influenza season. seven vaccinees (four hiv-infected and three hiv-uninfected) were found to be infected by influenza viruses during the epidemic, but disease was lab-confirmed only in two hiv-infe ... | 2010 | 20105427 |
| serological response to influenza vaccine after hematopoetic stem cell transplantation. | vaccination is the best strategy to prevent influenza infection that is a potential cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. here, we evaluated the factors that may affect serological response to influenza vaccine in patients who have undergone hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (hsct). sixty-one hsct recipients were included in the study during the 2007-2008 influenza season. serum samples prior to vaccination and 6-10 weeks after vaccination were collected. samples we ... | 2010 | 20119669 |
| production of h5n1 (nibrg-14) inactivated whole virus and split virion influenza vaccines and analysis of immunogenicity in mice using different adjuvant formulations. | consecutive lots of h5n1 (a/vietnam/1194/2004 - nibrg-14) split virion and whole virus vaccines were produced in a pilot-scale laboratory. the average yields of vaccine doses (15 microg ha) per egg were 0.57 doses for h5n1 split virion vaccine and 1.12 for h5n1 whole virus vaccine, compared to 2.09 doses for the seasonal h3n2 split virion vaccine. h5n1 split virion vaccine lots complied with who protein content criteria, while some lots of the h5n1 whole virus vaccine showed protein content per ... | 2010 | 20123051 |
| detection of anti-influenza a nucleoprotein antibodies in pigs using a commercial influenza epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for avian species. | influenza virus causes acute respiratory disease in pigs and is of concern for its potential public health significance. many subtypes of influenza virus have been isolated from pigs, and the virus continues to evolve in swine populations. current antibody assays have limited antigenic recognition, and accurate, broad-spectrum, high through-put screening tests are needed to detect infections in swine herds and to aid in the implementation of control measures. in the current study, a commercial b ... | 2010 | 20093676 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrenes with a benzyloxy-type side-chain. | as one of our ongoing research project concerning development of a novel anti-influenza virus agent, dihydrofuran-fused perhydrophenanthrenes were derivatized by means of williamson ether synthesis and suzuki-miyaura cross coupling reactions. newly synthesized compounds were subjected to evaluation of anti-influenza virus activity using influenza a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2 subtype) virus strain by a plaque titration method. these investigations revealed that incorporation of benzyl-type ether substituen ... | 2010 | 20097080 |
| subtype identification of the novel a h1n1 and other human influenza a viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray. | a novel strain of influenza a (h1n1) virus was isolated in mexico and the us in march and april 2009. this novel virus spread to many countries and regions in a few months, and who raised the level of pandemic alert from phase 5 to phase 6 on june 11, 2009. the accurate identification of h1n1 virus and other human seasonal influenza a viruses is very important for further treatment and control of their infections. in this study, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray to subtype human h1n1, h ... | 2010 | 19998047 |
| a new panel of ns1 antibodies for easy detection and titration of influenza a virus. | the non-structural protein ns1 of the influenza a virus is a good target for the development of diagnostic assays. in this study, three ns1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated by using recombinant ns1 protein of h5n1 virus and found to bind both the native and denatured forms of ns1. two of the mabs, 6a4 and 2h6, bind ns1 of three different strains of influenza a virus, namely h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1. epitope mapping revealed that residues 42-53 of h5n1 ns1 are essential for the interaction ... | 2010 | 20087939 |
| influenza virus inactivation for studies of antigenicity and phenotypic neuraminidase inhibitor resistance profiling. | introduction of a new influenza virus in humans urges quick analysis of its virological and immunological characteristics to determine the impact on public health and to develop protective measures for the human population. at present, however, the necessity of executing pandemic influenza virus research under biosafety level 3 (bsl-3) high-containment conditions severely hampers timely characterization of such viruses. we tested heat, formalin, triton x-100, and beta-propiolactone treatments fo ... | 2010 | 20089763 |
| conservation and diversity of influenza a h1n1 hla-restricted t cell epitope candidates for epitope-based vaccines. | the immune-related evolution of influenza viruses is exceedingly complex and current vaccines against influenza must be reformulated for each influenza season because of the high degree of antigenic drift among circulating influenza strains. delay in vaccine production is a serious problem in responding to a pandemic situation, such as that of the current h1n1 strain. immune escape is generally attributed to reduced antibody recognition of the viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins whose ... | 2010 | 20090904 |
| anti-influenza drug discovery: structure-activity relationship and mechanistic insight into novel angelicin derivatives. | by using a cell-based high throughput screening campaign, a novel angelicin derivative 6a was identified to inhibit influenza a (h1n1) virus induced cytopathic effect in madin-darby canine kidney cell culture in low micromolar range. detailed structure-activity relationship studies of 6a revealed that the angelicin scaffold is essential for activity in pharmacophore b, while meta-substituted phenyl/2-thiophene rings are optimal in pharmacophore a and c. the optimized lead 4-methyl-9-phenyl-8-(th ... | 2010 | 20092255 |
| maternal influenza infection during pregnancy impacts postnatal brain development in the rhesus monkey. | maternal infection with influenza and other pathogens during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. in rodent studies, maternal inflammatory responses to influenza affect fetal brain development. however, to verify the relevance of these findings to humans, research is needed in a primate species with more advanced prenatal corticogenesis. | 2010 | 20079486 |
| viral agents responsible for febrile respiratory illnesses among military recruits training in tropical singapore. | military personnel are highly susceptible to febrile respiratory illnesses (fri), likely due to crowding, stress and other risk factors present in the military environment. | 2010 | 20079688 |
| antiviral drug profile of seasonal influenza viruses circulating in portugal from 2004/2005 to 2008/2009 winter seasons. | a research project on antiviral drug resistance of influenza viruses circulating in portugal has been carried out since 2007. here, the first results obtained regarding the evaluation of susceptibility to amantadine and oseltamivir are presented. information about antiviral prescription and exposure was available through the national influenza surveillance programme. amantadine susceptibility was evaluated by pyrosequencing for known resistance markers on 178 influenza a strains from 2004/2005 t ... | 2010 | 20083142 |
| a novel electrochemical device to differentiate pandemic (h1n1) 2009 from seasonal influenza. | one of the challenges of the recent pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza outbreak was to differentiate the virus from seasonal influenza when confronting clinical cases. the determination of the virus has implications on treatment choice, and obvious epidemiologic significance. | 2010 | 20167047 |
| sialidase-based anti-influenza virus therapy protects against secondary pneumococcal infection. | das181 (fludase) is a sialidase fusion protein in clinical development as a broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus (ifv) therapeutic agent. previous reports by other investigators have raised the concern that desialylation of airway epithelium might increase susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae infection. | 2010 | 20170378 |
| diet-induced obesity impairs the t cell memory response to influenza virus infection. | the centers for disease control and prevention has suggested that obesity may be an independent risk factor for increased severity of illness from the h1n1 pandemic strain. memory t cells generated during primary influenza infection target internal proteins common among influenza viruses, making them effective against encounters with heterologous strains. in male, diet-induced obese c57bl/6 mice, a secondary h1n1 influenza challenge following a primary h3n2 infection led to a 25% mortality rate ... | 2010 | 20173021 |
| reassortment between avian h5n1 and human h3n2 influenza viruses creates hybrid viruses with substantial virulence. | the spread of avian h5n1 influenza viruses around the globe has become a worldwide public health concern. to evaluate the pathogenic potential of reassortant viruses between currently cocirculating avian h5n1 and human h3n2 influenza viruses, we generated all the 254 combinations of reassortant viruses between a/chicken/south kalimantan/ut6028/06 (sk06, h5n1) and a/tokyo/ut-sk-1/07 (tok07, h3n2) influenza viruses by reverse genetics. we found that the presence of tok07 pb2 protein in the ribonuc ... | 2010 | 20176961 |
| triple combination of amantadine, ribavirin, and oseltamivir is highly active and synergistic against drug resistant influenza virus strains in vitro. | the rapid emergence and subsequent spread of the novel 2009 influenza a/h1n1 virus (2009 h1n1) has prompted the world health organization to declare the first pandemic of the 21st century, highlighting the threat of influenza to public health and healthcare systems. widespread resistance to both classes of influenza antivirals (adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors) occurs in both pandemic and seasonal viruses, rendering these drugs to be of marginal utility in the treatment modality. worldwi ... | 2010 | 20179772 |
| novel inhibitors of influenza virus fusion: structure-activity relationship and interaction with the viral hemagglutinin. | a new class of n-(1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamide inhibitors of influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha)-mediated membrane fusion that has a narrow and defined structure-activity relationship was identified. in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells infected with different strains of human influenza virus a/h3n2, the lead compound, 4c, displayed a 50% effective concentration of 3 to 23 mum and an antiviral selectivity index of 10. no activity was observed for a/h1n1, a/h5n1, a/h7n2, and b ... | 2010 | 20181685 |
| alternative live-attenuated influenza vaccines based on modifications in the polymerase genes protect against epidemic and pandemic flu. | human influenza is a seasonal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. influenza vaccination is the most effective means for disease prevention. we have previously shown that mutations in the pb1 and pb2 genes of the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) from the cold-adapted (ca) influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) could be transferred to avian influenza viruses and produce partially attenuated viruses. we also demonstrated that avian influenza viruses carrying the pb ... | 2010 | 20181702 |
| rapid generation of a well-matched vaccine seed from a modern influenza a virus primary isolate without recourse to eggs. | most influenza vaccines are produced in chicken eggs but recent human influenza strains often do not grow well in this substrate. the per.c6 cell line is an alternative platform for vaccine production. here we demonstrate that per.c6 cells faithfully propagate recent clinical isolates, without selecting for mutations in the ha gene. per.c6 cells support the rescue of recombinant influenza viruses from cdna. we used sequence data from a surveillance programme to generate a pr8-based seed virus wi ... | 2010 | 20188682 |
| detection of e119v and e119i mutations in influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated from an immunocompromised patient: challenges in diagnosis of oseltamivir resistance. | the clinical use of the neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) oseltamivir is associated with the emergence of drug resistance resulting from subtype-specific neuraminidase (na) mutations. the influenza a/texas/12/2007 (h3n2) virus isolated from an oseltamivir-treated immunocompromised patient exhibited reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir in the chemiluminescent neuraminidase inhibition (ni) assay (approximately 60-fold increase in its 50% inhibitory concentration [ic(50)] compared to that for a contro ... | 2010 | 20194700 |
| broadly protective monoclonal antibodies against h3 influenza viruses following sequential immunization with different hemagglutinins. | as targets of adaptive immunity, influenza viruses are characterized by the fluidity with which they respond to the selective pressure applied by neutralizing antibodies. this mutability of structural determinants of protective immunity is the obstacle in developing universal influenza vaccines. towards the development of such vaccines and other immune therapies, our studies are designed to identify regions of influenza viruses that are conserved and that mediate virus neutralization. we have sp ... | 2010 | 20195520 |
| immunogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance therapy. | the aim of this study was to assess the immune response of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) to influenza vaccine and to compare it with healthy controls. | 2010 | 20205258 |
| circulation of human influenza viruses and emergence of oseltamivir-resistant a(h1n1) viruses in cameroon, central africa. | while influenza surveillance has increased in most developing countries in the last few years, little influenza surveillance has been carried out in sub-saharan africa and no information is available in central africa. the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of influenza viruses circulating in yaounde, cameroon and determine their antigenic and genetic characteristics. | 2010 | 20205961 |
| assessing the burden of paediatric influenza in europe: the european paediatric influenza analysis (epia) project. | the european paediatric influenza analysis (epia) project is a multi-country project that was created to collect, analyse and present data regarding the paediatric influenza burden in european countries, with the purpose of providing the necessary information to make evidence-based decisions regarding influenza immunisation recommendations for children. the initial approach taken is based on existing weekly virological and age-specific influenza-like illness (ili) data from surveillance networks ... | 2010 | 20229049 |
| a 75-year-old woman with seasonal influenza a (h3n2) virus infection and diarrhea. | 2010 | 20233671 | |
| unseasonal transmission of h3n2 influenza a virus during the swine-origin h1n1 pandemic. | the initial wave of swine-origin influenza a virus (pandemic h1n1/09) in the united states during the spring and summer of 2009 also resulted in an increased vigilance and sampling of seasonal influenza viruses (h1n1 and h3n2), even though they are normally characterized by very low incidence outside of the winter months. to explore the nature of virus evolution during this influenza "off-season," we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of h1n1 and h3n2 sequences sampled during april to june 2009 i ... | 2010 | 20237080 |
| molecular evolution of human h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus in thailand, 2006-2009. | annual seasonal influenza outbreaks are associated with high morbidity and mortality. | 2010 | 20300536 |
| comparison of the pathology caused by h1n1, h5n1, and h3n2 influenza viruses. | the spectrum of morbidity and mortality of h1n1, h5n1, and h3n2 influenza a viruses relates to the pathology they produce. in this review, we describe and compare the pathology of these viruses in human cases and animal models. the 1918 h1n1, the novel 2009 h1n1 pandemic virus, and h5n1 show inflammation, congestion, and epithelial necrosis of the larger airways (trachea, bronchi and bronchioles) with extension into the alveoli causing diffuse alveolar damage. seasonal influenza a viruses (h3n2 ... | 2010 | 20304252 |
| comparison of egg and high yielding mdck cell-derived live attenuated influenza virus for commercial production of trivalent influenza vaccine: in vitro cell susceptibility and influenza virus replication kinetics in permissive and semi-permissive cells. | currently medimmune manufactures cold-adapted (ca) live, attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) from specific-pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs. difficulties in production scale-up and potential exposure of chicken flocks to avian influenza viruses especially in the event of a pandemic influenza outbreak have prompted evaluation and development of alternative non-egg based influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies. as part of medimmune's effort to develop the live attenuated influenza vaccine (la ... | 2010 | 20307595 |
| treatment of severe cases of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza: review of antivirals and adjuvant therapy. | three worldwide influenza pandemics were reported in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957 and 1968. all three pandemics were caused by different sub-types of influenza a viruses: h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2 respectively. in early march 2009, the first cases of influenza -like illness (ili) were reported from mexico. this strain was identified as influenza a/ h1n1 strain. pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza most commonly causes a self-limited illness, however, significant morbidity and mortality were reported in t ... | 2010 | 20334616 |
| a two-tiered model for simulating the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving viruses, with an application to influenza. | understanding the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of rapidly evolving pathogens is one of the most challenging problems facing disease ecologists today. to date, many mathematical and individual-based models have provided key insights into the factors that may regulate these dynamics. however, in many of these models, abstractions have been made to the simulated sequences that limit an effective interface with empirical data. this is especially the case for rapidly evolving viruses in ... | 2010 | 20335193 |
| vaccination with whole inactivated virus vaccine affects the induction of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus a/h5n1 and immunodominance of virus-specific cd8+ t-cell responses in mice. | it was recently shown that the use of an experimental subunit vaccine protected mice against infection with a human a/h3n2 influenza virus, but consequently affected the induction of heterosubtypic immunity to a highly pathogenic a/h5n1 influenza virus, which was otherwise induced by the a/h3n2 infection. as whole inactivated virus (wiv) vaccines are widely used to protect against seasonal influenza and also contain inner viral proteins such as the nucleoprotein (np), the potential of a wiv vacc ... | 2010 | 20335492 |
| induction of cross-reactive antibodies against mimotopes of h5n1 hemagglutinin. | a sub-library based on peptide mimic 125 was designed and constructed, and 18 phagotopes specifically binding 8h5mab were isolated. antisera against three phagotopes, containing peptide 12mh-1, 12mh-5 and 12mh-8 reacted with 3 different h5n1 virus strains, but not with 2 h1n1 and 2 h3n2 viruses by dot blots. the affinity of 12mh-8 was approximately eight times more than 12mh-1 or 12mh-5 or parent peptide 125. furthermore, synthesized 12mh-1 and 12mh-8 could block the 8h5mab binding with 4 h5n1 v ... | 2010 | 20338700 |
| mammalian expression of virus-like particles for advanced mimicry of authentic influenza virus. | influenza a viruses are major human and animal pathogens with huge economic and societal impact from illness, hospitalizations, and deaths. virus-like particles (vlps) of influenza virus have been suggested as a vaccine candidate offering improved safety and efficacy. to develop this concept further, we established a flexible platform to efficiently generate different subtypes of mammalian-expressed influenza vlps. here we demonstrate that these mammalian vlps strongly resemble the authentic vir ... | 2010 | 20339535 |
| a new antigenic variant of human influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from airport and community surveillance in taiwan in early 2009. | a new variant of influenza a h3n2 virus emerged in january 2009 and became the dominant strain in taiwan in april 2009. the variant was also detected in imported cases from various regions, including east and southeast asia and north america, indicating that it has circulated globally. compared to the 2009-2010 vaccine strain, a/brisbane/10/2007, the hemagglutinin gene of this variant exhibited five substitutions, e62k, n144k, k158n, k173q and n189k, which are located in the antigenic sites e, a ... | 2010 | 20347893 |