Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| within-host competition does not select for virulence in malaria parasites; studies with plasmodium yoelii. | in endemic areas with high transmission intensities, malaria infections are very often composed of multiple genetically distinct strains of malaria parasites. it has been hypothesised that this leads to intra-host competition, in which parasite strains compete for resources such as space and nutrients. this competition may have repercussions for the host, the parasite, and the vector in terms of disease severity, vector fitness, and parasite transmission potential and fitness. it has also been a ... | 2015 | 25658331 |
| in vivo approaches reveal a key role for dcs in cd4+ t cell activation and parasite clearance during the acute phase of experimental blood-stage malaria. | dendritic cells (dcs) are phagocytes that are highly specialized for antigen presentation. heterogeneous populations of macrophages and dcs form a phagocyte network inside the red pulp (rp) of the spleen, which is a major site for the control of blood-borne infections such as malaria. however, the dynamics of splenic dcs during plasmodium infections are poorly understood, limiting our knowledge regarding their protective role in malaria. here, we used in vivo experimental approaches that enabled ... | 2015 | 25658925 |
| cd40 is required for protective immunity against liver stage plasmodium infection. | the costimulatory molecule cd40 enhances immunity through several distinct roles in t cell activation and t cell interaction with other immune cells. in a mouse model of immunity to liver stage plasmodium infection, cd40 was critical for the full maturation of liver dendritic cells, accumulation of cd8(+) t cells in the liver, and protective immunity induced by immunization with the plasmodium yoelii fabb/f(-) genetically attenuated parasite. using mixed adoptive transfers of polyclonal wild-typ ... | 2015 | 25646303 |
| pivotal and distinct role for plasmodium actin capping protein alpha during blood infection of the malaria parasite. | accurate regulation of microfilament dynamics is central to cell growth, motility and response to environmental stimuli. stabilizing and depolymerizing proteins control the steady-state levels of filamentous (f-) actin. capping protein (cp) binds to free barbed ends, thereby arresting microfilament growth and restraining elongation to remaining free barbed ends. in all cps characterized to date, alpha and beta subunits form the active heterodimer. here, we show in a eukaryotic parasitic cell tha ... | 2015 | 25565321 |
| interactions between a fungal entomopathogen and malaria parasites within a mosquito vector. | mosquitoes are becoming increasingly resistant to the chemical insecticides currently available for malaria vector control, spurring interest in alternative management tools. one promising technology is the use of fungal entomopathogens. fungi have been shown to impact the potential for mosquitoes to transmit malaria by reducing mosquito longevity and altering behaviour associated with flight and host location. additionally, fungi could impact the development of malaria parasites within the mosq ... | 2015 | 25626485 |
| targeting educational campaigns for prevention of malaria and dengue fever: an assessment in thailand. | the current study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (kap) of at-risk populations for malaria and/or dengue fever in relation to mosquito exposure and household mosquito control practices. specific objectives included comparison of individual and household level health practices between a rural and urban setting in thailand. findings are intended to guide thailand ministry of health educational campaigns targeting arthropod-borne disease. | 2015 | 25612545 |
| innate immunity induced by plasmodium liver infection inhibits malaria reinfections. | following transmission through a mosquito bite to the mammalian host, plasmodium parasites first invade and replicate inside hepatocytes before infecting erythrocytes and causing malaria. the mechanisms limiting plasmodium reinfections in humans living in regions of malaria endemicity have mainly been explored by studying the resistance induced by the blood stage of infection. however, epidemiologic studies have suggested that in high-transmission areas, preerythrocytic stages also activate host ... | 2015 | 25583524 |
| dried whole-plant artemisia annua slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin. | pharmaceutical monotherapies against human malaria have proven effective, although ephemeral, owing to the inevitable evolution of resistant parasites. resistance to two or more drugs delivered in combination will evolve more slowly; hence combination therapies have become the preferred norm in the fight against malaria. at the forefront of these efforts has been the promotion of artemisinin combination therapy, but despite these efforts, resistance to artemisinin has begun to emerge. in 2012, w ... | 2015 | 25561559 |
| blood-stage immunity to plasmodium chabaudi malaria following chemoprophylaxis and sporozoite immunization. | protection against malaria in humans can be achieved by repeated exposure to infected mosquito bites during prophylactic chloroquine treatment (chemoprophylaxis and sporozoites (cps)). we established a new mouse model of cps immunization to investigate the stage and strain-specificity of malaria immunity. immunization with plasmodium chabaudi by mosquito bite under chloroquine cover does not generate pre-erythrocytic immunity, which is acquired only after immunization with high sporozoite doses. ... | 2015 | 25714922 |
| modelling sterile insect technique to control the population of anopheles gambiae. | there is a renewed effort to develop novel malaria control strategies as even well-implemented existing malaria control tools may fail to block transmission in some regions. currently, transgenic implementations of the sterile insect technique (sit) such as the release of insects with a dominant lethal, homing endonuclease genes, or flightless mosquitoes are in development. these implementations involve the release of transgenic male mosquitoes whose matings with wild females produce either no v ... | 2015 | 25889145 |
| computational identification of novel micrornas and their targets in the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi. | micrornas are a ~22 nucleotide small non-coding rnas found in animals, plants and viruses. they regulate key cellular processes by enhancing, degrading or silencing protein coding targets. currently most of the data on mirna is available from drosophila . given their important post-transcriptional role in several organisms, there is a need to understand the mirna mediated processes in normal and abnormal conditions. here we report four novel micrornas ast - mir - 2502, ast - mir - 2559, ast - mi ... | 2015 | 25972985 |
| alga-produced malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate pfs25 formulated with a human use-compatible potent adjuvant induces high-affinity antibodies that block plasmodium falciparum infection of mosquitoes. | a vaccine to prevent the transmission of malaria parasites from infected humans to mosquitoes is an important component for the elimination of malaria in the 21st century, yet it remains neglected as a priority of malaria vaccine development. the lead candidate for plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine development, pfs25, is a sexual stage surface protein that has been produced for vaccine testing in a variety of heterologous expression systems. any realistic malaria vaccine will n ... | 2015 | 25690099 |
| a sufficient role of mhc class i molecules on hepatocytes in anti-plasmodial activity of cd8 (+) t cells in vivo. | although cd8(+) t cells are shown to mediate the protective immunity against the liver stages of malaria parasites in mice, whether the direct presentation of malaria antigen by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules expressed on the liver of infected host is required for anti-plasmodial activity of cd8(+) t cells is still unknown. presently, there is only one cd8(+) epitope, syvpsaeqi, derived from the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium yoelii (pycs), that mediates anti-ma ... | 2015 | 25729379 |
| colocalization of a cd1d-binding glycolipid with a radiation-attenuated sporozoite vaccine in lymph node-resident dendritic cells for a robust adjuvant effect. | a cd1d-binding glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (αgalcer), activates invariant nk t cells and acts as an adjuvant. we previously identified a fluorinated phenyl ring-modified αgalcer analog, 7dw8-5, displaying nearly 100-fold stronger cd1d binding affinity. in the current study, 7dw8-5 was found to exert a more potent adjuvant effect than αgalcer for a vaccine based on radiation-attenuated sporozoites of a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium yoelii, also referred to as irradiated p. yoelii sporo ... | 2015 | 26254338 |
| controlled human malaria infection by intramuscular and direct venous inoculation of cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in malaria-naïve volunteers: effect of injection volume and dose on infectivity rates. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) by mosquito bite is a powerful tool for evaluation of vaccines and drugs against plasmodium falciparum malaria. however, only a small number of research centres have the facilities required to perform such studies. chmi by needle and syringe could help to accelerate the development of anti-malaria interventions by enabling centres worldwide to employ chmi. | 2015 | 26245196 |
| the plasmodium berghei translocon of exported proteins reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of tubular extensions. | the erythrocyte is an extraordinary host cell for intracellular pathogens and requires extensive remodelling to become permissive for infection. malaria parasites modify their host red blood cells through protein export to acquire nutrients and evade immune responses. endogenous fluorescent tagging of three signature proteins of the plasmodium berghei translocon of exported proteins (ptex), heat shock protein 101, exported protein 2 (exp2), and ptex88, revealed motile, tubular extensions of the ... | 2015 | 26219962 |
| plasmodium falciparum full life cycle and plasmodium ovale liver stages in humanized mice. | experimental studies of plasmodium parasites that infect humans are restricted by their host specificity. humanized mice offer a means to overcome this and further provide the opportunity to observe the parasites in vivo. here we improve on previous protocols to achieve efficient double engraftment of tk-nog mice by human primary hepatocytes and red blood cells. thus, we obtain the complete hepatic development of p. falciparum, the transition to the erythrocytic stages, their subsequent multipli ... | 2015 | 26205537 |
| host-pathogen interactions in malaria: cross-kingdom signaling and mitochondrial regulation. | malaria parasite-host interactions are complex and have confounded available drugs and the development of vaccines. further, we now appreciate that interventions for malaria elimination and eradication must include therapeutics with intrinsic transmission blocking activity to treat the patient and prevent disease spread. studies over the past 15 years have revealed significant conservation in the response to infection in mosquito and human hosts. more recently, we have recognized that conserved ... | 2015 | 26210301 |
| macrolides rapidly inhibit red blood cell invasion by the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | malaria invasion of red blood cells involves multiple parasite-specific targets that are easily accessible to inhibitory compounds, making it an attractive target for antimalarial development. however, no current antimalarial agents act against host cell invasion. | 2015 | 26187647 |
| the efficacy of chinese medicinal herbs towards grape phylloxera (daktulosphaira vitifoliae fitch) (hemiptera, phylloxeridae). | bio-insecticidal effects of seven chinese medicinal herbs on mortality, fecundity, developmental periods and life table parameters of the grape phylloxera were investigated. in an excised root bioassay experiment aqueous extracts from seven chinese medicinal herbs increased grape phylloxera first instar mortality (26.00-38.50%) compared to other instars. the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), fecundity rate and net reproductive rate (r0) were significantly reduced by a ... | 2015 | 26186216 |
| mass spectrometry identification of age-associated proteins from the malaria mosquitoes anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles stephensi. | this study investigated proteomic changes occurring in anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi during adult mosquito aging. these changes were evaluated using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) and the identities of aging related proteins were determined using capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography (caphplc) coupled with a linear ion-trap (ltq)-orbitrap xl hybrid mass spectrometry (ms). here, we have described the techniques used to determine age associated proteom ... | 2015 | 26306320 |
| existing infection facilitates establishment and density of malaria parasites in their mosquito vector. | very little is known about how vector-borne pathogens interact within their vector and how this impacts transmission. here we show that mosquitoes can accumulate mixed strain malaria infections after feeding on multiple hosts. we found that parasites have a greater chance of establishing and reach higher densities if another strain is already present in a mosquito. mixed infections contained more parasites but these larger populations did not have a detectable impact on vector survival. together ... | 2015 | 26181518 |
| reversible conformational change in the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein masks its adhesion domains. | the extended rod-like plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) is comprised of three primary domains: a charged n terminus that binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans, a central nanp repeat domain, and a c terminus containing a thrombospondin-like type i repeat (tsr) domain. only the last two domains are incorporated in rts,s, the leading malaria vaccine in phase 3 trials that, to date, protects about 50% of vaccinated children against clinical disease. a seroepidemiological study indic ... | 2015 | 26169272 |
| plasmodium falciparum suppresses the host immune response by inducing the synthesis of insulin-like peptides (ilps) in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | the insulin-like peptides (ilps) and their respective signaling and regulatory pathways are highly conserved across phyla. in invertebrates, ilps regulate diverse physiological processes, including metabolism, reproduction, behavior, and immunity. we previously reported that blood feeding alone induced minimal changes in ilp expression in anopheles stephensi. however, ingestion of a blood meal containing human insulin or plasmodium falciparum, which can mimic insulin signaling, leads to signific ... | 2015 | 26165161 |
| immune response and insulin signalling alter mosquito feeding behaviour to enhance malaria transmission potential. | malaria parasites alter mosquito feeding behaviour in a way that enhances parasite transmission. this is widely considered a prime example of manipulation of host behaviour to increase onward transmission, but transient immune challenge in the absence of parasites can induce the same behavioural phenotype. here, we show that alterations in feeding behaviour depend on the timing and dose of immune challenge relative to blood ingestion and that these changes are functionally linked to changes in i ... | 2015 | 26153094 |
| comparability between insecticide resistance bioassays for mosquito vectors: time to review current methodology? | insecticides play an integral role in the control of mosquito-borne diseases. with resistance to insecticides on the rise, surveillance of the target population for optimal choice of insecticides is a necessity. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) bottle assay and the world health organization (who) susceptibility test are the most frequently used methods in insecticide resistance monitoring. however, the two bioassays differ in terms of insecticide delivery and how insecticide ... | 2015 | 26148484 |
| tools for anopheles gambiae transgenesis. | transgenesis is an essential tool to investigate gene function and to introduce desired characters in laboratory organisms. setting-up transgenesis in non-model organisms is challenging due to the diversity of biological life traits and due to knowledge gaps in genomic information. some procedures will be broadly applicable to many organisms, and others have to be specifically developed for the target species. transgenesis in disease vector mosquitoes has existed since the 2000s but has remained ... | 2015 | 25869647 |
| robust, reproducible, industrialized, standard membrane feeding assay for assessing the transmission blocking activity of vaccines and drugs against plasmodium falciparum. | a vaccine that interrupts malaria transmission (vimt) would be a valuable tool for malaria control and elimination. one vimt approach is to identify sexual erythrocytic and mosquito stage antigens of the malaria parasite that induce immune responses targeted at disrupting parasite development in the mosquito. the standard plasmodium falciparum membrane-feeding assay (smfa) is used to assess transmission-blocking activity (tba) of antibodies against candidate immunogens and of drugs targeting the ... | 2015 | 25890243 |
| chloroquine neither eliminates liver stage parasites nor delays their development in a murine chemoprophylaxis vaccination model. | chemoprophylaxis vaccination (cvac) confers long lasting sterile protection against homologous parasite strains in humans, and involves inoculation of infectious sporozoites (spz) under drug cover. cvac using the drug chloroquine (cq) induces pre-erythrocytic immunity in humans that includes antibody to spz and t-cell responses to liver stage (ls) parasites. the mechanism by which cvac with cq induces strong protective immunity is not understood as untreated infections do not confer protection. ... | 2015 | 25914686 |
| site-specific cassette exchange systems in the aedes aegypti mosquito and the plutella xylostella moth. | genetically engineered insects are being evaluated as potential tools to decrease the economic and public health burden of mosquitoes and agricultural pest insects. here we describe a new tool for the reliable and targeted genome manipulation of pest insects for research and field release using recombinase mediated cassette exchange (rmce) mechanisms. we successfully demonstrated the established φc31-rmce method in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, which is the first report of rmce in mo ... | 2015 | 25830287 |
| development of an in vitro assay and demonstration of plasmodium berghei liver-stage inhibition by trap-specific cd8+ t cells. | the development of an efficacious vaccine against the plasmodium parasite remains a top priority. previous research has demonstrated the ability of a prime-boost virally vectored sub-unit vaccination regimen, delivering the liver-stage expressed malaria antigen trap, to produce high levels of antigen-specific t cells. the liver-stage of malaria is the main target of t cell-mediated immunity, yet a major challenge in assessing new t cell inducing vaccines has been the lack of a suitable pre-clini ... | 2015 | 25822951 |
| resisting infection by plasmodium berghei increases the sensitivity of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae to ddt. | the evolution of insecticide resistance threatens current malaria control methods, which rely heavily on chemical insecticides. the magnitude of the threat will be determined by the phenotypic expression of resistance in those mosquitoes that can transmit malaria. these differ from the majority of the mosquito population in two main ways; they carry sporozoites (the infectious stage of the plasmodium parasite) and they are relatively old, as they need to survive the development period of the mal ... | 2015 | 25888982 |
| crepuscular behavioral variation and profiling of opsin genes in anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | we understand little about photo-preference and the molecular mechanisms governing vision-dependent behavior in vector mosquitoes. investigations of the influence of photo-preference on adult mosquito behaviors such as endophagy and exophagy and endophily and exophily will enhance our ability to develop and deploy vector-targeted interventions and monitoring techniques. our laboratory-based analyses have revealed that crepuscular period photo-preference differs between an. gambiae and an. stephe ... | 2015 | 26334802 |
| studying the effect of chloroquine on sporozoite-induced protection and immune responses in plasmodium berghei malaria. | sporozoite immunization of animals and humans under a chemo-prophylactic cover of chloroquine (cps-cq) efficiently induces sterile protection against malaria. in humans, cps-cq is strikingly more efficient than immunization with radiation attenuated sporozoites (ras), raising the hypothesis that this might be partially due to cq. chloroquine, an established anti-malarial drug, is also well known for its immune modulating properties including improvement of cross-presentation. the aim of this stu ... | 2015 | 25889324 |
| dynamic expression of mirnas across immature and adult stages of the malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi. | micrornas are small non-coding rnas that are involved in various biological processes including insect development. anopheles stephensi serves as primary vector of malaria parasite in asia and exhibits holometabolous life cycle that involves four different stages of development. regulation and role of mosquito mirnas during various stages of mosquito development remain largely unknown. | 2015 | 25888742 |
| the activity of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr in mosquito bioassay: towards a more rational testing and screening of non-neurotoxic insecticides for malaria vector control. | the rapid selection of pyrethroid resistance throughout sub-saharan africa is a serious threat to malaria vector control. chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide which shows no cross resistance to insecticide classes normally used for vector control and is effective on mosquito nets under experimental hut conditions. unlike neurotoxic insecticides, chlorfenapyr owes its toxicity to disruption of metabolic pathways in mitochondria that enable cellular respiration. a series of experiments explored w ... | 2015 | 25879231 |
| mitochondrial physiology in the major arbovirus vector aedes aegypti: substrate preferences and sexual differences define respiratory capacity and superoxide production. | adult females of aedes aegypti are facultative blood sucking insects and vectors of dengue and yellow fever viruses. insect dispersal plays a central role in disease transmission and the extremely high energy demand posed by flight is accomplished by a very efficient oxidative phosphorylation process, which take place within flight muscle mitochondria. these organelles play a central role in energy metabolism, interconnecting nutrient oxidation to atp synthesis, but also represent an important s ... | 2015 | 25803027 |
| mitochondrial atp synthase is dispensable in blood-stage plasmodium berghei rodent malaria but essential in the mosquito phase. | mitochondrial atp synthase is driven by chemiosmotic oxidation of pyruvate derived from glycolysis. blood-stage malaria parasites eschew chemiosmosis, instead relying almost solely on glycolysis for their atp generation, which begs the question of whether mitochondrial atp synthase is necessary during the blood stage of the parasite life cycle. we knocked out the mitochondrial atp synthase β subunit gene in the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, ablating the protein that converts adp t ... | 2015 | 25831536 |
| the plasmodium class xiv myosin, myob, has a distinct subcellular location in invasive and motile stages of the malaria parasite and an unusual light chain. | myosin b (myob) is one of the two short class xiv myosins encoded in the plasmodium genome. class xiv myosins are characterized by a catalytic "head," a modified "neck," and the absence of a "tail" region. myosin a (myoa), the other class xiv myosin in plasmodium, has been established as a component of the glideosome complex important in motility and cell invasion, but myob is not well characterized. we analyzed the properties of myob using three parasite species as follows: plasmodium falciparu ... | 2015 | 25802338 |
| direct venous inoculation of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for controlled human malaria infection: a dose-finding trial in two centres. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) accelerates development of anti-malarial interventions. so far, chmi is done by exposure of volunteers to bites of five mosquitoes carrying plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (pfspz), a technique available in only a few centres worldwide. mosquito-mediated chmi is logistically complex, exact pfspz dosage is impossible and live mosquito-based interventions are not suitable for further clinical development. | 2015 | 25889522 |
| a plasmodium phospholipase is involved in disruption of the liver stage parasitophorous vacuole membrane. | the coordinated exit of intracellular pathogens from host cells is a process critical to the success and spread of an infection. while phospholipases have been shown to play important roles in bacteria host cell egress and virulence, their role in the release of intracellular eukaryotic parasites is largely unknown. we examined a malaria parasite protein with phospholipase activity and found it to be involved in hepatocyte egress. in hepatocytes, plasmodium parasites are surrounded by a parasito ... | 2015 | 25786000 |
| cyclic gmp balance is critical for malaria parasite transmission from the mosquito to the mammalian host. | transmission of malaria occurs during anopheles mosquito vector blood meals, when plasmodium sporozoites that have invaded the mosquito salivary glands are delivered to the mammalian host. sporozoites display a unique form of motility that is essential for their movement across cellular host barriers and invasion of hepatocytes. while the molecular machinery powering motility and invasion is increasingly well defined, the signaling events that control these essential parasite activities have not ... | 2015 | 25784701 |
| inheritance pattern of temephos resistance, an organophosphate insecticide, in aedes aegypti (l.). | the present paper reports the mode of inheritance of resistance in laboratory induced temephos resistant and susceptible strains of ae. aegypti. homozygous resistant and susceptible strains of ae. aegypti were generated by selective inbreeding at a diagnostic dose of 0.02 mg/l of temephos. genetic crosses were carried out between these strains to determine the inheritance pattern of temephos resistance. the log-dosage probit mortality relationships and degree of dominance (d) were calculated. th ... | 2015 | 25861478 |
| proteolytic cleavage of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein is a target of protective antibodies. | studies in animals and human volunteers demonstrate that antibodies against the repeat-region of the plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) abrogate sporozoite infection. however, the realization that the n- and c- terminal regions flanking the repeats play essential roles in parasite infectivity raised the possibility that they could be targeted by protective antibodies. we characterized a monoclonal antibody (mab5d5) specific for the n-terminus of the p. falciparum csp, which inhibits the p ... | 2015 | 25762791 |
| regulation of plasmodium yoelii oocyst development by strain- and stage-specific small-subunit rrna. | one unique feature of malaria parasites is the differential transcription of structurally distinct rrna (rrna) genes at different developmental stages: the a-type genes are transcribed mainly in asexual stages, whereas the s-type genes are expressed mostly in sexual or mosquito stages. conclusive functional evidence of different rrnas in regulating stage-specific parasite development, however, is still absent. here we performed genetic crosses of plasmodium yoelii parasites with one parent havin ... | 2015 | 25759501 |
| host-based prophylaxis successfully targets liver stage malaria parasites. | eliminating malaria parasites during the asymptomatic but obligate liver stages (lss) of infection would stop disease and subsequent transmission. unfortunately, only a single licensed drug that targets all lss, primaquine, is available. targeting host proteins might significantly expand the repertoire of prophylactic drugs against malaria. here, we demonstrate that both bcl-2 inhibitors and p53 agonists dramatically reduce ls burden in a mouse malaria model in vitro and in vivo by altering the ... | 2015 | 25648263 |
| angiotensin-converting enzymes modulate aphid-plant interactions. | angiotensin-converting enzymes (aces) are key components of the renin-angiotensin system in mammals. however, the function of ace homologs in insect saliva is unclear. aphids presumably deliver effector proteins via saliva into plant cells to maintain a compatible insect-plant interaction. in this study, we showed that ace modulates aphid-plant interactions by affecting feeding behavior and survival of aphids on host plants. three ace genes were identified from the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum ... | 2015 | 25744345 |
| annotated differentially expressed salivary proteins of susceptible and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes of anopheles stephensi. | vector control is one of the major global strategies for control of malaria. however, the major obstacle for vector control is the development of multiple resistances to organochlorine, organophosphorus insecticides and pyrethroids that are currently being used in public health for spraying and in bednets. salivary glands of vectors are the first target organ for human-vector contact during biting and parasite-vector contact prior to parasite development in the mosquito midguts. the salivary gla ... | 2015 | 25742511 |
| an efficient strategy for producing a stable, replaceable, highly efficient transgene expression system in silkworm, bombyx mori. | we developed an efficient strategy that combines a method for the post-integration elimination of all transposon sequences, a site-specific recombination system, and an optimized fibroin h-chain expression system to produce a stable, replaceable, highly efficient transgene expression system in the silkworm (bombyx mori) that overcomes the disadvantages of random insertion and post-integration instability of transposons. here, we generated four different transgenic silkworm strains, and of one th ... | 2015 | 25739894 |
| multispecies analysis of expression pattern diversification in the recently expanded insect ly6 gene family. | gene families often consist of members with diverse expression domains reflecting their functions in a wide variety of tissues. however, how the expression of individual members, and thus their tissue-specific functions, diversified during the course of gene family expansion is not well understood. in this study, we approached this question through the analysis of the duplication history and transcriptional evolution of a rapidly expanding subfamily of insect ly6 genes. we analyzed different ins ... | 2015 | 25743545 |
| biogenesis of the crystalloid organelle in plasmodium involves microtubule-dependent vesicle transport and assembly. | malaria parasites possess unique subcellular structures and organelles. one of these is the crystalloid, a multivesicular organelle that forms during the parasite's development in vector mosquitoes. the formation and function of these organelles remain poorly understood. a family of six conserved and modular proteins named lccl-lectin adhesive-like proteins (laps), which have essential roles in sporozoite transmission, localise to the crystalloids. in this study we analyse crystalloid formation ... | 2015 | 25900212 |
| assessment of sublethal and transgenerational effects of pirimicarb on the wheat aphids rhopalosiphum padi and sitobion avenae. | the wheat aphids, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus) and sitobion avenae (fabricius), are key pests on wheat crops worldwide. management practices rely primarily on insecticides. the pirimicarb (carbamate) is used extensively as an effective insecticide to control these two aphids. in addition to the mortality caused by pirimicarb, various sublethal effects may occur in aphids when exposed to low lethal or sublethal doses. understanding the general effect of pirimicarb on aphids could help increasing ... | 2015 | 26121265 |
| parasite-induced er stress response in hepatocytes facilitates plasmodium liver stage infection. | upon infection of a mammalian host, plasmodium parasites first replicate inside hepatocytes, generating thousands of new parasites. although plasmodium intra-hepatic development represents a substantial metabolic challenge to the host hepatocyte, how infected cells respond to and integrate this stress remains poorly understood. here, we present proteomic and transcriptomic analyses, revealing that the endoplasmic reticulum (er)-resident unfolded protein response (upr) is activated in host hepato ... | 2015 | 26113366 |
| saliva from nymph and adult females of haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. | haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of theileria spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia spp. and coxiella burnetti in east asian countries. all life stages of ixodid ticks have a destructive pool-feeding style in which they create a pool-feeding site by lacerating host tissue and secreting a variety of biologically active compounds that allows the tick to evade host responses, enabling the uptake of a blood meal. the identification and functional characterization of tick saliva protein ... | 2015 | 26104117 |
| rna-seq based phylogeny recapitulates previous phylogeny of the genus flaveria (asteraceae) with some modifications. | the genus flaveria has been extensively used as a model to study the evolution of c4 photosynthesis as it contains c3 and c4 species as well as a number of species that exhibit intermediate types of photosynthesis. the current phylogenetic tree of the genus flaveria contains 21 of the 23 known flaveria species and has been previously constructed using a combination of morphological data and three non-coding dna sequences (nuclear encoded ets, its and chloroplast encoded trnl-f). | 2015 | 26084484 |
| complete dosage compensation in anopheles stephensi and the evolution of sex-biased genes in mosquitoes. | complete dosage compensation refers to hyperexpression of the entire x or z chromosome in organisms with heterogametic sex chromosomes (xy male or zw female) in order to compensate for having only one copy of the x or z chromosome. recent analyses suggest that complete dosage compensation, as in drosophila melanogaster, may not be the norm. there has been no systematic study focusing on dosage compensation in mosquitoes. however, analysis of dosage compensation in anopheles mosquitoes provides o ... | 2015 | 26078263 |
| l-arginine supplementation in mice enhances no production in spleen cells and inhibits plasmodium yoelii transmission in mosquitoes. | the life cycle of plasmodium is complex, requiring invasion of two different hosts, humans and mosquitoes. in humans, initiation of an effective th1 response during early infection is critical for the control of parasite multiplication. in mosquitoes, inhibition of the development of sexual-stage parasites interrupts the parasite transmission. in this study, we aim to investigate whether dietary supplementation of l-arginine (l-arg) in mice affects plasmodium yoelii 17xl (py17xl) transmission in ... | 2015 | 26070945 |
| characterization of anopheles gambiae (african malaria mosquito) ferritin and the effect of iron on intracellular localization in mosquito cells. | ferritin is a 24-subunit molecule, made up of heavy chain (hc) and light chain (lc) subunits, which stores and controls the release of dietary iron in mammals, plants, and insects. in mosquitoes, dietary iron taken in a bloodmeal is stored inside ferritin. our previous work has demonstrated the transport of dietary iron to the ovaries via ferritin during oogenesis. we evaluated the localization of ferritin subunits inside ccl-125 [aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera: culicidae), yellow fever mosquit ... | 2015 | 26078302 |
| germ line transformation and in vivo labeling of nuclei in diptera: report on megaselia abdita (phoridae) and chironomus riparius (chironomidae). | to understand how and when developmental traits of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster originated during the course of insect evolution, similar traits are functionally studied in variably related satellite species. the experimental toolkit available for relevant fly models typically comprises gene expression and loss as well as gain-of-function analyses. here, we extend the set of available molecular tools to piggybac-based germ line transformation in two satellite fly models, megaselia abdit ... | 2015 | 26044750 |
| inhibition of cytochrome bc1 as a strategy for single-dose, multi-stage antimalarial therapy. | single-dose therapies for malaria have been proposed as a way to reduce the cost and increase the effectiveness of antimalarial treatment. however, no compound to date has shown single-dose activity against both the blood-stage plasmodium parasites that cause disease and the liver-stage parasites that initiate malaria infection. here, we describe a subset of cytochrome bc1 (cyt bc1) inhibitors, including the novel 4(1h)-quinolone elq-400, with single-dose activity against liver, blood, and trans ... | 2015 | 25918204 |
| plasmodium falciparum genetic crosses in a humanized mouse model. | genetic crosses of phenotypically distinct strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum are a powerful tool for identifying genes controlling drug resistance and other key phenotypes. previous studies relied on the isolation of recombinant parasites from splenectomized chimpanzees, a research avenue that is no longer available. here we demonstrate that human-liver chimeric mice support recovery of recombinant progeny for the identification of genetic determinants of parasite trait ... | 2015 | 26030447 |
| entomological evaluation of permanet 2.0® and k-o tab 1-2-3® treated nets in comparison to nets conventionally treated with deltamethrin, after repeated washing. | the residual insecticidal power of two types of itns (permanet 2.0® (pn2) and k-o tab 1-2-3® (ko 123)), compared to k-o tab® (ko) treated nets, was assessed. the nets were tested unwashed, and after being washed, by hand 5, 15 and 21 times, respectively. after each wash, the nets were dried vertically on a line, in the shade. two types of bioassays (mean median knock down times (mmkdt) and mortality 24 hours after a 3-minute exposure (%mortality)) were used, along with reared female anopheles st ... | 2015 | 25978624 |
| a sensitive, specific and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in field-collected anophelines. | we describe a simple method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in anophelines using a triplex taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay (18s rrna). we tested the assay on anopheles darlingi and anopheles stephensi colony mosquitoes fed with plasmodium-infected blood meals and in duplicate on field collected an. darlingi. we compared the real-time pcr results of colony-infected and field collected an. darlingi, separately, to a conventional pcr meth ... | 2015 | 26061150 |
| genome-wide identification of the target genes of ap2-o, a plasmodium ap2-family transcription factor. | stage-specific transcription is a fundamental biological process in the life cycle of the plasmodium parasite. proteins containing the ap2 dna-binding domain are responsible for stage-specific transcriptional regulation and belong to the only known family of transcription factors in plasmodium parasites. comprehensive identification of their target genes will advance our understanding of the molecular basis of stage-specific transcriptional regulation and stage-specific parasite development. ap2 ... | 2015 | 26018192 |
| mechanisms of stage-transcending protection following immunization of mice with late liver stage-arresting genetically attenuated malaria parasites. | malaria, caused by plasmodium parasite infection, continues to be one of the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. development of an effective vaccine has been encumbered by the complex life cycle of the parasite that has distinct pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of infection in the mammalian host. historically, malaria vaccine development efforts have targeted each stage in isolation. an ideal vaccine, however, would target multiple life cycle stages with multiple arms of ... | 2015 | 25974076 |
| differential expression of midgut proteins in trypanosoma brucei gambiense-stimulated vs. non-stimulated glossina palpalis gambiensis flies. | the unicellular pathogenic protozoan trypanosoma brucei gambiense is responsible for the chronic form of sleeping sickness. this vector-borne disease is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly of the group glossina palpalis, including the subspecies g. p. gambiensis, in which the parasite completes its developmental cycle. sleeping sickness control strategies can therefore target either the human host or the fly vector. indeed, suppression of one step in the parasite developmental cycle could ab ... | 2015 | 26029185 |
| a sporozoite- and liver stage-expressed tryptophan-rich protein plays an auxiliary role in plasmodium liver stage development and is a potential vaccine candidate. | the liver stages of the malaria parasite are clinically silent and constitute ideal targets for causal prophylactic drugs and vaccines. cellular and molecular events responsible for liver stage development are poorly characterized. here, we show that sporozoite, liver stage tryptophan-rich protein (sltrip) forms large multimers. mice immunized with a purified recombinant sltrip protein gave high antibody titers in both inbred and outbred mice. immunized mice showed highly significant levels of p ... | 2015 | 25960542 |
| discovery of novel liver-stage antimalarials through quantum similarity. | without quantum theory any understanding of molecular interactions is incomplete. in principal, chemistry, and even biology, can be fully derived from non-relativistic quantum mechanics. in practice, conventional quantum chemical calculations are computationally too intensive and time consuming to be useful for drug discovery on more than a limited basis. a previously described, original, quantum-based computational process for drug discovery and design bridges this gap between theory and practi ... | 2015 | 25951139 |
| antennal transcriptome analysis of odorant reception genes in the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens. | the red turpentine beetle (rtb), dendroctonus valens leconte (coleoptera: curculionidae, scolytinae), is a destructive invasive pest of conifers which has become the second most important forest pest nationwide in china. dendroctonus valens is known to use host odors and aggregation pheromones, as well as non-host volatiles, in host location and mass-attack modulation, and thus antennal olfaction is of the utmost importance for the beetles' survival and fitness. however, information on the genes ... | 2015 | 25938508 |
| identification and molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterases from the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) is an important enzyme in cholinergic synapses. most arthropods have two genes (ace1 and ace2), but only one encodes the predominant synaptic ache, the main target for organophosphates. resistance towards organophosphates is widespread in the marine arthropod lepeophtheirus salmonis. to understand this trait, it is essential to characterize the gene(s) coding for ache(s). the full length cdna sequences encoding two aches in l. salmonis were molecularly characterized i ... | 2015 | 25938836 |
| p. falciparum and p. vivax epitope-focused vlps elicit sterile immunity to blood stage infections. | in order to design p. falciparum preerythrocytic vaccine candidates, a library of circumsporozoite (cs) t and b cell epitopes displayed on the woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen (whcag) vlp platform was produced. to test the protective efficacy of the whcag-cs vlps, hybrid cs p. berghei/p. falciparum (pb/pf) sporozoites were used to challenge immunized mice. vlps carrying 1 or 2 different cs repeat b cell epitopes and 3 vlps carrying different cs non-repeat b cell epitopes elicited high leve ... | 2015 | 25933001 |
| heterologous protection against malaria after immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. | sterile protection in >90% of volunteers against homologous plasmodium falciparum infection has been achieved only using the controlled human malaria infection (chmi) model. this efficient model involves whole parasite immunizations under chloroquine prophylaxis (cps-immunization), requiring only 30-45 mosquitoes bites infected with p. falciparum-sporozoites. given the large diversity of p. falciparum parasites, it is essential to assess protection against heterologous parasite strains. | 2015 | 25933168 |
| heritability of attractiveness to mosquitoes. | female mosquitoes display preferences for certain individuals over others, which is determined by differences in volatile chemicals produced by the human body and detected by mosquitoes. body odour can be controlled genetically but the existence of a genetic basis for differential attraction to insects has never been formally demonstrated. this study investigated heritability of attractiveness to mosquitoes by evaluating the response of aedes aegypti (=stegomyia aegypti) mosquitoes to odours fro ... | 2015 | 25901606 |
| in vivo and in vitro characterization of a plasmodium liver stage-specific promoter. | little is known about stage-specific gene regulation in plasmodium parasites, in particular the liver stage of development. we have previously described in the plasmodium berghei rodent model, a liver stage-specific (lisp2) gene promoter region, in vitro. using a dual luminescence system, we now confirm the stage specificity of this promoter region also in vivo. furthermore, by substitution and deletion analyses we have extended our in vitro characterization of important elements within the prom ... | 2015 | 25874388 |
| global transcriptional repression: an initial and essential step for plasmodium sexual development. | gametocytes are nonreplicative sexual forms that mediate malaria transmission to a mosquito vector. they are generated from asexual blood-stage parasites that proliferate in the circulation. however, little is known about how this transition is genetically regulated. here, we report that an apetala2 (ap2) family transcription factor, ap2-g2, regulates this transition as a transcriptional repressor. disruption of ap2-g2 in the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei did not prevent commitment ... | 2015 | 26417110 |
| the potential for fungal biopesticides to reduce malaria transmission under diverse environmental conditions. | the effectiveness of conventional malaria vector control is being threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance. one promising alternative to chemicals is the use of naturally-occurring insect-killing fungi. numerous laboratory studies have shown that isolates of fungal pathogens such as beauveria bassiana can infect and kill adult mosquitoes, including those resistant to chemical insecticides.unlike chemical insecticides, fungi may take up to a week or more to kill mosquitoes following exp ... | 2015 | 26792946 |
| roles of nlaktip in the growth and eclosion of the rice brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens stål, as revealed by rna interference. | akt-interacting protein (aktip) interacts with serine/threonine protein kinase b (pkb)/akt. aktip modulates akt's activity by enhancing the phosphorylation of the regulatory site and plays a crucial role in multiple biological processes. in this study, the full length cdna of nlaktip, a novel aktip gene in the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens, was cloned. the reverse transcription quantitive pcr (rt-qpcr) results showed that the nlaktip gene was strongly expressed in gravid female adul ... | 2015 | 26402675 |
| recurrent domestication by lepidoptera of genes from their parasites mediated by bracoviruses. | bracoviruses are symbiotic viruses associated with tens of thousands of species of parasitic wasps that develop within the body of lepidopteran hosts and that collectively parasitize caterpillars of virtually every lepidopteran species. viral particles are produced in the wasp ovaries and injected into host larvae with the wasp eggs. once in the host body, the viral dna circles enclosed in the particles integrate into lepidopteran host cell dna. here we show that bracovirus dna sequences have be ... | 2015 | 26379286 |
| rhodnius prolixus life history outcomes differ when infected with different trypanosoma cruzi i strains. | the effect of a parasite on the life history of its vector is important for understanding and predicting disease transmission. chagas disease agent trypanosoma cruzi is a generalist parasite that is diverse across scales from its genetic diversity to the 100s of mammal and vector species it infects. its vertebrate hosts show quite variable responses to infection, however, to date there are no studies looking at how t. cruzi variability might result in variable outcomes in its invertebrate host. ... | 2015 | 26078316 |
| a new set of chemical starting points with plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking potential for antimalarial drug discovery. | the discovery of new antimalarials with transmission blocking activity remains a key issue in efforts to control malaria and eventually eradicate the disease. recently, high-throughput screening (hts) assays have been successfully applied to plasmodium falciparum asexual stages to screen millions of compounds, with the identification of thousands of new active molecules, some of which are already in clinical phases. the same approach has now been applied to identify compounds that are active aga ... | 2015 | 26317851 |
| evaluation of the impact of codon optimization and n-linked glycosylation on functional immunogenicity of pfs25 dna vaccines delivered by in vivo electroporation in preclinical studies in mice. | plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. immunization with dna vaccines encoding pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. the goal of the studies reported here was to system ... | 2015 | 26135972 |
| cd68 acts as a major gateway for malaria sporozoite liver infection. | after being delivered by the bite from an infected mosquito, plasmodium sporozoites enter the blood circulation and infect the liver. previous evidence suggests that kupffer cells, a macrophage-like component of the liver blood vessel lining, are traversed by sporozoites to initiate liver invasion. however, the molecular determinants of sporozoite-kupffer cell interactions are unknown. understanding the molecular basis for this specific recognition may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to con ... | 2015 | 26216124 |
| identification of host-plant volatiles and characterization of two novel general odorant-binding proteins from the legume pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae). | chemoreception is a key feature in selection of host plant by phytophagous insects, and odorant-binding proteins (obps) are involved in chemical communication of both insects and vertebrates. the legume pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae) is one of the key pest species of cowpea and widely distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions, causing up to 80% of yield loss. in this study, we investigated the electrophysiological responses of female m. vitrata to flor ... | 2015 | 26517714 |
| co-expression of interleukin-15 enhances the protective immune responses induced by immunization with a murine malaria mva-based vaccine encoding the circumsporozoite protein. | malaria remains a major global public health problem with an estimated 200 million cases detected in 2012. although the most advanced candidate malaria vaccine (rts,s) has shown promise in clinical trials, its modest efficacy and durability have created uncertainty about the impact of rts,s immunization (when used alone) on global malaria transmission. here we describe the development and characterization of a novel modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva)-based malaria vaccine which co-expresses th ... | 2015 | 26505634 |
| increases in both temperature means and extremes likely facilitate invasive herbivore outbreaks. | although increases in mean temperature (mt) and extreme high temperature (eht) can greatly affect population dynamics of insects under global warming, how concurrent changes in both mt and eht affect invasive species is largely unknown. we used four thermal regimes to simulate the increases in summer temperature and compared their effects on the life-history traits of three geographical populations (chongqing, wuhan and shanghai) of an invasive insect, corythucha ciliata, in china. the four ther ... | 2015 | 26502826 |
| impact of environmental variation on host performance differs with pathogen identity: implications for host-pathogen interactions in a changing climate. | specialist and generalist pathogens may exert different costs on their hosts; thereby altering the way hosts cope with environmental variation. we examined how pathogen-challenge alters the environmental conditions that maximize host performance by simultaneously varying temperature and nutrition (protein to carbohydrate ratio; p:c) after exposure to two baculoviruses; one that is specific to the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (tnsnpv) and another that has a broad host range (acmnpv). virus-cha ... | 2015 | 26477393 |
| overexpression of a triticum aestivum calreticulin gene (tacrt1) improves salinity tolerance in tobacco. | calreticulin (crt) is a highly conserved and abundant multifunctional protein that is encoded by a small gene family and is often associated with abiotic/biotic stress responses in plants. however, the roles played by this protein in salt stress responses in wheat (triticum aestivum) remain obscure. in this study, three tacrt genes were identified in wheat and named tacrt1, tacrt2 and tacrt3-1 based on their sequence characteristics and their high homology to other known crt genes. quantitative ... | 2015 | 26469859 |
| population-based seroprevalence of malaria in hormozgan province, southeastern iran: a low transmission area. | the seroepidemiological condition of malaria in three main districts of hormozgan province, a low transmission area in southeast of iran, was investigated. methods. sera samples (803) were collected from healthy volunteers from the three main districts (bandar lengeh in the west, bandar abbas in the center, and bandar jask in the east) of hormozgan province. a questionnaire was used to record the sociodemographic features of the participants during sample collecting. an in-house elisa test, usin ... | 2015 | 26543662 |
| bioprotective role of yeasts. | the yeasts constitute a large group of microorganisms characterized by the ability to grow and survive in different and stressful conditions and then to colonize a wide range of environmental and human ecosystems. the competitive traits against other microorganisms have attracted increasing attention from scientists, who proposed their successful application as bioprotective agents in the agricultural, food and medical sectors. these antagonistic activities rely on the competition for nutrients, ... | 2015 | 27682107 |
| probucol-induced α-tocopherol deficiency protects mice against malaria infection. | the emergence of malaria pathogens having resistance against antimalarials implies the necessity for the development of new drugs. recently, we have demonstrated a resistance against malaria infection of α-tocopherol transfer protein knockout mice showing undetectable plasma levels of α-tocopherol, a lipid-soluble antioxidant. however, dietary restriction induced α-tocopherol deficiency is difficult to be applied as a clinical antimalarial therapy. here, we report on a new strategy to potentiall ... | 2015 | 26296197 |
| discovery of novel plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens for vaccine development. | nearly 100% protection against malaria infection can be achieved in humans by immunization with p. falciparum radiation-attenuated sporozoites (ras). although it is thought that protection is mediated by t cell and antibody responses, only a few of the many pre-erythrocytic (sporozoite and liver stage) antigens that are targeted by these responses have been identified. | 2015 | 26292257 |
| anopheles stephensi p38 mapk signaling regulates innate immunity and bioenergetics during plasmodium falciparum infection. | fruit flies and mammals protect themselves against infection by mounting immune and metabolic responses that must be balanced against the metabolic needs of the pathogens. in this context, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-dependent signaling is critical to regulating both innate immunity and metabolism during infection. accordingly, we asked to what extent the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi utilizes p38 mapk signaling during infection with the human malaria parasite plasmo ... | 2015 | 26283222 |
| salinomycin and other ionophores as a new class of antimalarial drugs with transmission-blocking activity. | the drug target profile proposed by the medicines for malaria venture for a malaria elimination/eradication policy focuses on molecules active on both asexual and sexual stages of plasmodium, thus with both curative and transmission-blocking activities. the aim of the present work was to investigate whether the class of monovalent ionophores, which includes drugs used in veterinary medicine and that were recently proposed as human anticancer agents, meets these requirements. the activity of sali ... | 2015 | 26055362 |
| longitudinal analysis of plasmodium sporozoite motility in the dermis reveals component of blood vessel recognition. | malaria infection starts with injection of plasmodium sporozoites by an anopheles mosquito into the skin of the mammalian host. how sporozoites locate and enter a blood vessel is a critical, but poorly understood process. in this study, we examine sporozoite motility and their interaction with dermal blood vessels, using intravital microscopy in mice. our data suggest that sporozoites exhibit two types of motility: in regions far from blood vessels, they exhibit 'avascular motility', defined by ... | 2015 | 26271010 |
| evaluation of commercial agrochemicals as new tools for malaria vector control. | malaria is a vector-borne and life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes. the vector control insecticide market represents a small fraction of the crop protection market and is estimated to be valued at up to $500 million at the active ingredient level. insecticide resistance towards the current whopes-approved products urgently requires the development of new tools to protect communities against the trans ... | 2016 | 27779931 |
| identification and optimization of new leads for malaria vector control. | a significant proportion of the world's population remains at risk from malaria, and whilst great progress has been made in reducing the number of malaria cases globally through the use of vector control insecticides, these gains are under threat from the emergence of insecticide resistance. the spread of resistance in the vector populations, principally to pyrethroids, is driving the need for the development of new tools for malaria vector control. in order to identify new leads 30,000 compound ... | 2016 | 27779927 |
| laser system for identification, tracking, and control of flying insects. | flying insects are common vectors for transmission of pathogens and inflict significant harm to humans and agricultural production in many parts of the world. we present proof of principle for an optical system capable of highly specific vector control. this system utilizes a combination of optical sources, detectors, and sophisticated software to search, detect, and identify flying insects in real-time, with the capability of eradication using a lethal laser pulse. we present data on two insect ... | 2016 | 27410106 |
| larvicidal potential of essential oils against musca domestica and anopheles stephensi. | the larvicidal activity of mentha piperita, cymbopogan citratus (lemongrass), eucalyptus globulus and citrus sinensis (orange) essential oils and their combinations was evaluated against musca domestica (housefly) and anopheles stephensi (mosquitoes) through contact toxicity assay. among all the tested essential oils/combinations, me. piperita was found to be the most effective larvicidal agent against mu. domestica and an. stephensi with lc50 values of 0.66 μl/cm(2) and 44.66 ppm, respectively, ... | 2016 | 26920567 |
| hemocytome: deep sequencing analysis of mosquito blood cells in indian malarial vector anopheles stephensi. | hemocytes are tiny circulating blood cells of insects known to play multiple roles in physiological as well as cellular immune responses. however, the molecular nature of hemocytes in blood feeding insects, especially mosquitoes which transmit several deadly diseases such as malaria, dengue etc. is still limited. therefore, to know the basic molecular composition of naïve mosquito hemocyte encoded proteins, we sequenced rna-seq library and analyzed a total of 13,105,858 illumina sequencing reads ... | 2016 | 26915489 |
| how heterogeneous is the involvement of abc transporters against insecticides? | understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular defense against xenobiotic compounds is a main research issue in medical and veterinary entomology, as insecticide/acaricide resistance is a major threat in the control of arthropods. abc transporters are recognized as a component of the detoxifying mechanism in arthropods. we investigated the possible involvement of abc transporters in defense to the organophosphate insecticide temephos in the malarial vector anopheles stephensi. we per ... | 2016 | 26855383 |