Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
genetic polymorphism in the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene.in an attempt to compare intrinsic and extrinsic genetic diversity of the lyssavirus genotypes, 69 rabies virus isolates from various part of the world were partially sequenced and compared to 13 representative isolates of the 6 lyssavirus genotypes. the analysis of their phylogenetic relationships, performed on the complete nucleoprotein (n) coding gene (1350 bases), established that the rabies virus isolates all belonged to genotype 1 and that at least 11 phylogenetic lineages could be identif ...19957778285
immune responses to nucleic acid vaccines to rabies virus.a plasmid vector expressing the full-length rabies virus glycoprotein (g protein) under the control of the simian virus 40 (sv40) promoter has previously been shown to induce upon intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation into mice a specific b- and t-cell-mediated immune response and protection against challenge with a virulent strain of the virus. here we tested two parameters that might affect the efficacy of this dna vaccine. first, we replaced the sv40 promoter of the original vector with the early ...19957778289
the hydroxy amino acid in an asn-x-ser/thr sequon can influence n-linked core glycosylation efficiency and the level of expression of a cell surface glycoprotein.n-linked glycosylation usually occurs at the sequon, asn-x-ser/thr. in this sequon, the side chain of the hydroxy amino acid (ser or thr) may play a direct catalytic role in the enzymatic transfer of core oligosaccharides to the asn residue. using recombinant variants of rabies virus glycoprotein (rgp), we examined the influence of the hydroxy amino acid on core glycosylation efficiency. a variant of rgp containing a single asn-x-ser sequon at asn37 was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to c ...19957782341
field trials of a recombinant rabies vaccine.to improve both safety and stability of the vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies by the oral route, a recombinant vaccinia virus, expressing the glycoprotein of rabies virus (vvtggrab) has been developed. vvtggrab innocuity was verified in target species and in domestic animals as well as in numerous wild animal species that could compete with the red fox in consuming vaccine baits in europe. oral immunization of foxes, by distributing vvtggrab vaccine-baits, was undertak ...19957784127
immunohistochemical test for rabies: identification of a diagnostically superior monoclonal antibody. 19957793037
target and non-target effects of a recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus developed for fox vaccination against rabies. 19957796953
rabies virus vaccines.many years of research and observations on bait uptake, efficacy, behavioural studies of foxes, reduction and elimination of rabies, population dynamics of foxes following oral vaccination, as well as annual exchanges of researchers' experiences, formed the scientific background for field trials extending over many years. these are the most extensive field studies for the testing of a rabies vaccine so far. the use of the techniques and strategies of oral immunisation of foxes against rabies usi ...19957796967
manipulation of the immune response to a plasmid-encoded viral antigen by coinoculation with plasmids expressing cytokines.inoculation of plasmid vectors encoding a viral protein into muscle tissue was shown to result in expression of the transantigen and, consequently, an antiviral immune response. here, we show that coinoculation of a plasmid expressing the glycoprotein of rabies virus with plasmids encoding mouse cytokines modulated the immune response to the viral protein. coinoculation with a vector expressing mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) enhanced the b and t helper cell activ ...19957895169
early high-affinity neutralizing anti-viral igg responses without further overall improvements of affinity.affinity maturation of igg antibodies in adaptive immune responses is a well-accepted mechanism to improve effector functions of igg within 2 weeks to several months of antigen encounter. this concept has been defined mainly for igg responses against chemically defined haptens. we have evaluated this concept in a viral system and analyzed neutralizing igg antibody responses against vesicular stomatitis virus (a close relative of rabies virus) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies obtained early ...19957877965
antiviral protection by vesicular stomatitis virus-specific antibodies in alpha/beta interferon receptor-deficient mice.the role of innate, alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta)-dependent protection versus specific antibody-mediated protection against vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was evaluated in ifn-alpha/beta receptor-deficient mice (ifn-alpha/beta r0/0 mice). vsv is a close relative to rabies virus that causes neurological disease in mice. in contrast to normal mice, ifn-alpha/beta r0/0 mice were highly susceptible to infection with vsv because of ubiquitous high viral replication. adoptive transfer exper ...19957884863
rabies and african wild dogs in kenya.three packs of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the masai mara national reserve in southwestern kenya were monitored from 1988 to 1990. during a six week period (august 2-september 14, 1989), 21 of 23 members of one of these packs died. histological examination of two brain samples revealed eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (negri bodies), supporting a diagnosis of rabies viral encephalitis. an additional brain sample tested positive for rabies with a fluorescent ...19958524915
[isolation of rabies virus from the insectivorous bat myotis nigricans].the following is a case study of the natural infection by the rabies virus of an insectiverous bat belonging to the species myotis nigricans in the municipality of ribeirão pires, greater s. paulo. diagnosis was made by means of immunofluorescence and intracerebral innoculation of mice with nervous and intrascapular muscular tissues.19958525324
inactivation of dna by beta-propiolactone.beta-propiolactone (bpl) is an alkylating agent which reacts with many nucleophilic reagents including nucleic acids and proteins. bpl modifies the structure of nucleic acids after reaction mainly with purine residues (notably guanine). it induces nicks in dna, cross-linking between dna and proteins as well as between the dna strands in the double helix. consequently, bpl is widely used for the inactivation of viruses (dna and rna viruses). moreover, it alters the capability of residual/contamin ...19958527119
comparison of adjuvants for immune potentiating properties and side effects in mice.four types of adjuvants were evaluated as alternatives to the use of freund's complete adjuvant in mice. the adjuvants evaluated included a water-in-oil emulsion (specol), a microorganism (lactobacillus), performed immune-stimulating complexes (iscom) containing rabies virus glycoprotein and a saponin, quil a. the adjuvants and saline were combined with three weak immunogens (a synthetic peptide, a self antigen and a particulate antigen) and given by three different routes (intraperitoneal, subc ...19958533308
[the evaluation of a monoclonal antibody panel for lyssavirus typing in mexico].the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a panel of eight antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies developed in europe to identify different strains of rabies virus isolated from a variety of animal species from diverse geographic areas in mexico. fifty-one virus-positive samples of brain tissue from various animal species and humans were studied. material from these samples was used to infect mice, whose brains were later tested by indirect immunofluorescence, using the monoclonal ...19958540994
elimination of fox rabies from belgium using a recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine: an update.to improve both safety and stability of the vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies by the oral route, a recombinant vaccinia virus, expressing the glycoprotein of rabies virus (vvtggrab) has been developed. vvtggrab innocuity was verified in target species and in domestic animals as well as in numerous wild animal species that could compete with the red fox in consuming vaccine baits in europe. oral immunization of foxes, by distributing vvtggrab vaccine-baits, was undertak ...19958545965
a probable outbreak of rabies in a group of camels in niger.seven camels in a herd of approximately 40 camels belonging to nomadic people in niger died over a short period. no diagnostic samples were obtained. brain was obtained from the eighth camel in the group, which died after a clinical illness manifested by unusual behaviour, aggression, pica, ptyalism and terminal paralysis. rabies virus was demonstrated in the brain of this camel by immunofluorescent staining. before the deaths of the camels a feral dog had joined the nomadic encampment and died ...19958545966
plasmid vectors as anti-viral vaccines. 19958546415
a dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (dot elisa): comparison with standard fluorescent antibody test (fat) for the diagnosis of rabies in animals.a modified enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (dot elisa) is described for visual detection of rabies antigen in animals. the test materials were dotted onto the nitrocellulose paper and allowed to react with rabies antiserum. the bound antigen--anti-body were reacted with a peroxidase conjugated antirabbit immunoglobulin. positive reactions were easily visualized as brown dots after enzyme degradation of the substrate. a total of 400 specimens from various geographical locations were tested with ...19958549116
immune effector mechanisms required for protection to rabies virus.genetically engineered mice with targeted mutations in genes encoding immunologically relevant molecules were used to elucidate the role of different immune effector mechanisms in protection against a rabies virus (rv) infection. in vaccinated animals challenged with a highly virulent strain of rv, antibodies were crucial in protection. in naive mice challenged with an attenuated strain of the virus that does not cause disease in adult fully immunocompetent mice but kills rag mice that lack func ...19958553540
polymerase activity of in vitro mutated rabies virus l protein.the large (l) protein of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses is the multifunctional catalytic component of the viral ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex. to address the role of conserved rabies virus (rv) l protein sequences predicted to be involved in rna polymerase activity, a reverse genetics approach was applied that allows intracellular reconstitution of transcriptionally active rv rnps from plasmid-encoded proteins. artificial rv model genomes encoding bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltran ...19958553554
dog bites. 19958570458
mapping and characterization of a sequential epitope on the rabies virus glycoprotein which is recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, rg719.we have established a murine hybridoma cell line rg719 which produces a rabies virus-neutralizing igm-type monoclonal antibody (referred to as mab rg719). immunoblot analysis indicated that the antibody recognized a sequential epitope of g protein. among four rabies virus strains tested, the antigenicity to mab rg719 was absent from the nishigahara strain, while the other three strains (hep, era and cvs) reacted to the mab. studies with deletion mutants of the g protein indicated that the epitop ...19958577283
an experimental rabies vaccine produced with a new bhk-21 suspension cell culture process: use of serum-free medium and perfusion-reactor system.an experimental rabies vaccine was prepared from the bhk-21 cell line adapted to culture in suspension using bioreactors. a new serum-free medium (mdss2) (merten et al., cytotechnology, 1994, 14, 47) developed for the culture of various cell lines and for the production of several biologicals, was used for cell culture and virus production. the pv-paris/bhk-21 rabies virus strain (adapted to the bhk-21 grown in monolayer) was adapted to bhk-21 cells cultivated in suspension and in the serum-free ...19958578811
comparison of the polymerases (l genes) of spring viremia of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.we have determined the partial nucleotide sequences of the polymerase genes of the fish rhabdoviruses, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). at this point we have deduced the amino acid sequences and analysed the first 1,400 amino acids comprising two thirds of the polymerase genes of svcv and ihnv. we have compared sequence similarities of svcv and ihnv polymerases with other rhabdovirus and paramyxovirus polymerases. the svcv polymerase showed ...19958581012
efficacy of sad (berne) rabies vaccine given by the oral route in two species of jackal (canis mesomelas and canis adustus).eight black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas) and seven side-striped jackals (canis adustus) were given sad (berne) rabies vaccine by direct oral instillation. three different vaccine doses were used: 10(6.3), 10(6.8) and 10(7.5) median tissue culture infectious doses. two additional jackals were given vaccine in chicken heads. one group of jackals was challenged with a lethal dose of jackal-derived rabies virus 1 mo after vaccination and a second group 12 mo after vaccination. all 17 vaccinated ...19958592368
[efficacy of the administration of serum amd vaccine for the antirabies treatment of experimentally-infected sheep].the objectives of this study were to examine the humoral immune response of sheep to experimental infection with an isolate of rabies virus from a fox, to analyse the efficacy of vaccination as a method of post-infection treatment, and to find a suitable animal model to evaluate new procedures for human vaccination following infection. a total of 47 sheep were used. initially, 26 sheep received an intramuscular injection of a suspension of virus (titre: 10(6.8) 50% lethal dose for mice by the in ...19958593402
maintenance of a microparasite infecting several host species: rabies in the serengeti.whether and how microparasites such as rabies persist in their host populations are among the fundamental questions of infectious disease epidemiology. rabies is fatal disease of all mammalian species, but not all mammalian species can maintain the infection as reservoirs. the approach to control depends on which of the affected species do act as reservoirs. bringing together old and new data, we examine here the role of wild and domestic animals in maintaining rabies in the serengeti region of ...19958632923
studies on human anti-rabies immunization in brazil. i--evaluation of the 3 + 1 pre-exposure vaccination schedule under field conditions.the currently used pre-exposure anti-rabies immunization schedule in brazil is the one called 3+1, employing suckling mouse brain vaccine (3 doses on alternate days and the last one on day 30). although satisfactory results were obtained in well controlled experimental groups using this immunization schedule, in our routine practice, vna levels lower than 0.5 iu/ml are frequently found. we studied the pre-exposure 3+1 schedule under field conditions in different cities on the state of são paulo, ...19958599065
studies on human anti-rabies immunization in brazil. ii--preliminary evaluation of the 2-1-1 schedule for human pre-exposure anti-rabies immunization, employing suckling mouse brain vaccine.this study reports preliminary results of virus neutralizing antibody (vna) titers obtained on different days in the course of human anti-rabies immunization with the 2-1-1 schedule (one dose is given in the right arm and one dose in the left arm at day 0, and one dose is applied on days 7 and 21), recommended by who for post-exposure treatment with cell culture vaccines. a variant schedule (double dose on day zero and another on day 14) was also tested, both employing suckling mouse brain vacci ...19958599066
hyperimmune antirabies sera titration by standard mouse neutralization and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests, comparing results of different laboratories.to determine the rabies antibody level of twenty-four hyperimmune equine sera, standard mouse neutralization (smn) and couterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) tests were carried out, both at the instituto butantan (ib) and instituto panamericano de proteccíon de alimentos y zoonosis (inppaz). statistical analysis has shown a correlation (r) of 0.9317 between the smn and cie performed at the ib, while at the inppaz it scored 0.974. comparison of cie data of both laboratories yielded a correlation of 0. ...19958729754
[rabies in insectivorous (mollossidae) bats of southeastern brazil].four rabid bats belonging to three species of molossidae (one molossus molossus, one nyctinomops laticaudatus and two n. macrotis) were captured in the state of s. paulo, southeastern brazil. three of these bats were found during the day in unusual, visible places and the other came flying through a window in the evening. a descriptive table containing data on 19 similar cases, belonging to eight species, is presented and suggests that bats with atypical behavior must dearly be suspected of bein ...19958731280
in vivo and in vitro trans-cleavage activity of hepatitis c virus serine proteinase expressed by recombinant baculoviruses.by the use of recombinant baculoviruses, the trans-cleavage of hepatitis c virus (hcv) non-structural polyprotein was studied. the viral serine proteinase encoded by the ns3 gene was expressed efficiently in insect cells infected with a baculovirus recombined with hcv cdna corresponding to amino acids 1046-1243 and the signal sequence of the rabies virus g protein. coinfection studies showed the in vivo trans-cleavage activity of the expressed protein by the use of a recombinant producing ns5 as ...19958847507
[protective effect in mice of the live rabies vaccine produced using the göttingen bioreactor].for the control of urban rabies in developing countries, the sad-virusstrain was used in the göttingen two-step bioreactorsystem as a model-virus for oral vaccine production. the quality of the antigen had been tested by challenge. in the bioreactorsystem, controlled by computer, a high standard of cell quality and cell density up to 6 x 10(6) cells/ml had been maintained. the high cell quality is correlated to high proliferation of rabies virus. virus titres up to 10(8.5) pfu/ml were reached. t ...19958651900
rapid dot enzyme immuno assay for the quantitation of rabies antibodies.a rapid dot enzyme immuno assay (dot elisa) for rabies antibody estimation has been standardized in which nitrocellulose sheet has been used as a solid support absorbing a commercial tissue culture rabies vaccine as antigen. the test was compared with a standard plate elisa test. the results were comparable and the student "t' test for proportion revealed that plate elisa test is significantly better (p 0.05) when compared to dot elisa for the number of sera with titre < 0.5 iu/ml and in the cas ...19958690480
characterization of a human adenovirus 5: rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine reisolated from orally vaccinated skunks.an infectious recombinant human adenovirus which carries the rabies glycoprotein gene and accompanying sv40 control elements can be given orally to skunks to immunize them against rabies. we have looked for adenovirus in the feces and oral fluids of animals that have been given this recombinant and have obtained 111 virus positive samples from 16 test animals. dna from these virus isolates was examined for possible mutations. one possible insertion mutation was detected by smai restriction endon ...19958825855
effect of neurotropic virus infection on neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain.to elucidate the potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cnos) in the pathogenesis of virus-induced encephalopathy, the activities of both nos isoforms were determined in the brains of rats infected with borna disease virus (bdv) or rabies virus. inos activity strongly increased, whereas neuronal cnos activity significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner after either bdv or rabies virus infection. choline acetyltransferase a ...19959222348
computer design of t-cell agonist or antagonist glycopeptides: the effect of sugar identity and anomeric configuration on mhc binding.the improved chemical and biological properties of synthetic glycopeptides over peptides suggest their use as t cell agonists or antagonists. recently, we prepared glycopeptide analogues of major t helper cell epitopic peptides corresponding to rabies virus proteins, and experimentally characterized their ability to bind to mhc class ii proteins and stimulate t cell clones to rabies virus. in the current study, we investigated these mhc: peptide interactions by molecular modeling. we obtained st ...19959346848
expression of the rabies virus glycoprotein in transgenic tomatoes.we have engineered tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum mill var. uc82b) to express a gene for the glycoprotein (g-protein), which coats the outer surface of the rabies virus. the recombinant constructs contained the g-protein gene from the era strain of rabies virus, including the signal peptide, under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. plants were transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons and tissue culture on selective media. pc ...19959636308
[immunogenicity of the avirulent strain rv194-2 of the rabies virus in mice].rv194-2 rabies virus, an avirulent mutant of cvs strain, induces an inapparent infection limited to the central nervous system (cns) in adult mice inoculated intracerebrally. this fact suggest that immune response of the host is able to eliminate the virus in cns. for this reason, we have studied the induction of interferon and the humoral immune responses in balb/c mice after rv194-2 inoculation. these mice presented high levels of interferon in the plasma and in the brain, with elevated levels ...19969011884
safety study of the sag2 rabies virus mutant in several non-target species with a view to its future use for the immunization of foxes in europe.the safety of the sag2 virus, a low virulence mutant of the sad strain, was investigated in ten species of mammals and seven species of birds liable to consume vaccine baits. these species are the western hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus), the meadow vole (microtus arvalis), the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), the water vole (arvicola terrestris), the field mouse (apodemus flavicollis or a. sylvaticus), the norway rat (rattus norvegicus), the european badger (meles meles), the domestic ferret ...19969014291
[serological effect after immunization with rabies vaccine of different doses].ninety-one cases bitten by pets as dogs, cats were randomly divided into two groups, and immunized with different doses of rabies vaccine. the antibody levels were detected by ifat after immunization. result showed that the immune response of the group who received boosting doses was better than the 5-doses group. 51 cases were examined by ifat and elisa. the positive rates of ifat and elisa were 72.5% and 64.9%, respectively (p < 0.05).19969208508
outbreak of vampire bat biting in a venezuelan village.an outbreak of 154 cases of vampire bat biting in a four-month period in the gold mine of payapal, a venezuelan village, is reported. all patients were bitten during the night and the most bites were on their toes. no complication attributed to the bite was reported. diagnoses of rabies virus made by means of immunofluorescence were negative. a possible reason for this outbreak may been the development of mining areas, with the inhabitants providing an alternative food source for the bats.19969269099
[titration of rabies antibodies with the rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test].antirabies virus neutralization antibodies in sera and/or transudates modified rffit method by smith et al. (1973). sera were titrated on lab-tek 8 chamber tc slides. sera and/or transudates (content of pleural cavity) as well as the challenge virus strain (vaccination strains of the rabies virus vnukovo-32/107th passage and/or cvs 11/paris) were incubated at 37 degrees c during 90 minutes subsequently bhk-21/c13 cell culture was added. the cultures were fixed after 24 to 48 hours and stained wi ...19968830448
current issues in rabies prevention in the united states health dilemmas. public coffers, private interests.over the last 100 years, rabies in the united states has changed dramatically. more than 90% of all animal rabies cases reported annually to the cdc now occur in wildlife, whereas before 1960 the majority were in domestic animals. the principal rabies hosts today are wild carnivores and bats infected with several viral variants. annual human deaths have fallen from more than a hundred at the turn of the century to one to two per year despite major outbreaks of animal rabies in several geographic ...19968837628
failure of postexposure treatment of rabies in children.five failures of postexposure treatment of rabies in small children with multiple severe bites on the face and head are discussed. all had received rabies immune globulin and a potent tissue-culture vaccine. however, not all wounds had been infiltrated with immune globulin. surgical closure prior to wound injection with immune globulin was performed in three cases. another patient had wounds sutured after an intramuscular injection of immune globulin, without wound infiltration.19968838177
virus-encoded superantigens.superantigens are microbial agents that have a strong effect on the immune response of the host. their initial target is the t lymphocyte, but a whole cascade of immunological reactions ensues. it is thought that the microbe engages the immune system of the host to its own advantage, to facilitate persistent infection and/or transmission. in this review, we discuss in detail the structure and function of the superantigen encoded by the murine mammary tumor virus, a b-type retrovirus which is the ...19968840782
inhibition of rabies virus infection by an oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to rabies virus genomic rna.to develop antirabies virus-specific agents, eight oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) complementary to either rabies virus genomic rna (negative polarity) or rabies virus transcripts (mrna) were synthesized and tested for their activity to inhibit rabies virus infection in cell cultures. it was found that the odn rh+1 complementary to rabies virus genomic rna blocked almost completely rabies virus infection at concentrations as low as 2 microm, whereas odn complementary to viral transcripts did poorly ...19968843322
poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as carriers for peptide vaccines.peptides carrying an immunodominant t-helper cell epitope delineated from the rabies virus nucleoprotein either alone or in combination with a linear b-cell epitope from the same protein were incorporated into three different formulations of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (plg) which were distinct in their composition, and consequently in their peptide release rates. in vitro peptides incorporated into any of the plg formulations stimulated a peptide-specific t-cell line. upon subcutaneous immuni ...19968843629
mapping the neutralizing epitopes on the glycoprotein of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, a fish rhabdovirus.twelve neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the fish rhabdovirus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), were used to select 20 mab escape mutants. the nucleotide sequence of the entire glycoprotein (g) gene was determined for six mutants representing differing cross-neutralization patterns and each had a single nucleotide change leading to a single amino acid substitution within one of three regions of the protein. these data were used to design nested pcr primers to ampl ...19969000094
a new family of carriers (biovectors) enhances the immunogenicity of rabies antigens.biovectors (bv) are a new family of protein carriers. they are nanoparticles of polymerized polysaccharides substituted with phosphate residues and surrounded by covalently bound lipid molecules (palmitic acid). the effect of bv was tested on the immunogenicity of rabies antigens. biovectors enhanced the production of antibody induced by both rabies glycoprotein and ribonucleoprotein. moreover, they enhanced the protective activity of an experimental rabies vaccine composed of inactivated and pu ...19969004445
[rabies virus isolation in insectivorous bat lasyurus borealis]. 19969008928
ionizing radiation modulates the spread of an apathogenic rabies virus in mouse brain.ionizing radiation has been shown to affect a broad range of viral diseases including neurotropic infections through an immunosuppression mechanism. in the present study we have investigated the effect of ionizing radiation on the characteristics of neurotropic infection by rabies virus, which has the unusual feature of infecting almost exclusively neurons. in order to analyze better the effect produced, the study concerned the spread of an apathogenic rabies virus variant in mouse brain. irradi ...19968691037
highly stable expression of a foreign gene from rabies virus vectors.a reverse genetics approach was applied to generate a chimeric nonsegmented negative strand rna virus, rabies virus (rv) of the rhabdoviridae family, that expresses a foreign protein. dna constructs containing the entire open reading frame of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene and an upstream rv cistron border sequence were inserted either into the nontranslated pseudogene region of a full-length cdna copy of the rv genome or exchanged with the pseudogene region. after in ...19968692989
[annual testing of immunity in foxes after oral rabies immunization].ten young foxes were orally immunized with a "rabies vaccine for oral immunization of foxes--lysvulpen por. a.u.v.," batch 69 10 93, commercially manufactured by the company bioveta, s.r.o. at ivanovice in haná. the vaccine contained 1.8 x 10 of rabies vaccination virus, strain sad-bern, in a vaccination dose. three foxes were used as control animals without vaccination. blood samples were taken before the beginning of the experiment in all test foxes, and then in three-month intervals. the last ...19968693662
immunogenicity and relative attenuation of different vaccinia-rabies virus recombinants.immunogenicity and relative attenuation were examined for the following tian tan strain vaccinia-rabies recombinant viruses: 1) ngc-1, which coexpresses the glycoprotein (g) and nucleocapsid protein (n) of the rabies virus challenge virus standard (cvs) strain; 2) nc-1, which expresses the cvs n; 3) gc-2, gc-3, gc-4, and gc-5, which express cvs g via promoters from different vaccinia strains or from different vaccinia genome loci; 4) ga-1, which expresses the g of rabies virus strain ag; and 5) ...19968712923
cluster of rabies cases of probable bat origin among red foxes in prince edward island, canada.between 15 november and 13 december 1993, three cases of rabies of probable bat origin were confirmed in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the same area of prince edward island, canada, previously thought to be free of rabies in terrestrial mammals. such clusters have rarely been described in north america.19968722290
the development and use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant oral vaccine for the control of wildlife rabies; a link between jenner and pasteur.to improve both safety and stability of the oral vaccines used in the field to vaccinate foxes against rabies, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunizing g protein of rabies virus has been developed by inserting the cdna which codes for the immunogenic glycoprotein of rabies virus into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of the copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus. the efficacy of this vaccine was tested by the oral route, primarily in foxes. the immunity conferred, a minimum of 12 m ...19968666066
rabies superantigen as a vbeta t-dependent adjuvant.recently we reported evidence that nucleocapsid (nc) of rabies virus is a vbeta8-specific exogenous superantigen (sag) in humans and a vbeta6-specific sag in balb/c mice. nc was also found to stimulate rabies vaccination by enhancing the rabies neutralizing antibody response. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that the stimulating effect of nc and its sag properties are linked. to do this, we studied the effect of rabies sag on the immune response to an unrelated antigen, the influenza viru ...19968666920
[development of an optimal scheme for calculating results of the use of an immunoenzyme test-system for determining the antigenic activity of a cultured antirabies vaccine].ninety-eight lots of commercial antirabies vaccine manufactured by immunopreparat research and production amalgamation have been tested using enzyme immunoassay system for the detection of rabies virus antigens. comparison of different variants of interpreting and expressing the results helped define the optimal method for assessment of vaccine titer and reference values: optical density value equal to 0.2 is taken as the cut-off. antigenic activity of the vaccine may be expressed in internation ...19968669141
eradication of rabies, using a rec-dna vaccine. 19968672287
field use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in europe and north america.during recent years, most research on the control of sylvatic rabies has concentrated on developing methods of oral vaccination of wild rabies vectors. to improve both the safety and the stability of the vaccine used, a recombinant vaccinia virus, which expresses the immunising glycoprotein of rabies virus (vrg), has been developed and tested extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. from 1989 to 1995, approximately 8.5 million vrg vaccine doses were dispersed in western europe to v ...19969025144
potential force of infection of human rabies transmitted by vampire bats in the amazonian region of brazil.human rabies transmitted by bats has acquired greater epidemiologic relevance in various latin american countries, just when cases transmitted by dogs have decreased. concern has been heightened by reports of increased rates of bats biting humans in villages in the amazonian region of brazil. the aim of the present work was to estimate the potential force of infection (per capita rate at which susceptible individuals acquire infection) of human rabies transmitted by the common vampire bat if the ...19969025698
clinicopathologic variation in raccoons infected with different street rabies virus isolates.ten raccoons were divided into two random groups (groups 1 and 2) of five animals each. group 1 raccoons were inoculated intramuscularly in the masseter muscle with a raccoon rabies virus isolate obtained from a natural case of raccoon rabies from the northeastern usa. group 2 raccoons were infected by a similar route with a latin american canine isolate of rabies virus. raccoons either died suddenly or developed neurologic signs compatible with rabies. clinical signs of rabies in group 1 raccoo ...19969026079
rabies virus infection of cultured adult mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons.an in vitro model of adult dorsal root ganglion neurons infection by rabies virus is described, viral marked neurotropism is observed, and the percentage and the degree of infection of the neurons is higher than in non neuronal cells, even if neurons are the minority of the cells in the culture. the neuritic tree is also heavily infected by the virus.19969137748
rabid black bears in ontario. 19968853885
stability of recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine in veterinary use.wildlife vaccination depends on vaccines which can be orally administered by a baiting system. therefore only two possibilities exist: either the use of attenuated strains of viruses, or recombinant vector viruses. as far as rabies is concerned, the choice of the recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus was made because it was safer and more stable. an in vitro stability study of the recombinant product compared to wild rabies virus at different temperatures (4 degrees c, 20 degrees c, 37 degrees c, 45 ...19968854024
polygenic control of antibody production and correlation with vaccine induced resistance to rabies virus in high and low antibody responder mice.the amplification of "high" (h) and "low" (l) multispecific antibody responses achieved respectively by h and l lines of selection gp represents a valuable tool in the genetic study of host-infection interactions. these lines were obtained by bidirectional selective breeding for high (hgp) or low (lgp) antibody production to natural complex antigens. hgp and lgp parental lines and reciprocal f1 hybrids, as well as their f2 segregants and backcrosses were submitted to immunization and challenge w ...19968856022
maternal antibodies against rabies in thai puppies. a preliminary study.serum antibodies to rabies virus were measured in 32 thai puppies before primary vaccination. only five showed evidence of rabies antibody by elisa testing and they had no rabies virus neutralizing activity detectable by rffit. immunologic ignorance of these young dogs leaves a large part of the canine population susceptible to rabies. this could be one reason for the failure of canine rabies control efforts in thailand.19968867400
applications of pox virus vectors to vaccination: an update.recombinant pox viruses have been generated for vaccination against heterologous pathogens. amongst these, the following are notable examples. (i) the engineering of the copenhagen strain of vaccinia virus to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. when applied in baits, this recombinant has been shown to vaccinate the red fox in europe and raccoons in the united states, stemming the spread of rabies virus infection in the wild. (ii) a fowlpox-based recombinant expressing the newcastle disease vi ...19968876138
specific infection of cd4+ target cells by recombinant rabies virus pseudotypes carrying the hiv-1 envelope spike protein.a recombinant rabies virus (rv) mutant deficient for the surface spike glycoprotein (g) gene was used to study the incorporation of envelope proteins from hiv-1 expressed from transfected plasmids. a hybrid hiv-1 protein in which the cytoplasmic domain was replaced with that of rv g was incorporated into the virus envelope and rescued the infectivity of the rv mutant. the rv(hiv-1) pseudotype viruses could infect only cd4+ cells, and their infectivity was neutralized specifically by anti-hiv-1 s ...19968876141
the antigen-specific cell-mediated immune response in mice is suppressed by infection with pathogenic lyssaviruses.responsiveness of t cells (rtc) was studied in balb/c mice intramuscularly infected with various lyssaviruses. after infection by this peripheral route, two types of viruses could be classified according to their effects: 1) pathogenic viruses, including fixed rabies pasteur virus (serogenotype 1) and wild viruses belonging to serogenotype 1 (from a rabid fox in france and from a cow infected by a vampire bat in brazil) or to serogenotype 5 (european bat lyssavirus 1); and 2) non-pathogenic viru ...19968880998
substitutions in the hla-dr alpha chain differentially affect dr7-restricted t-cell recognition of rabies virus antigen.to investigate the functional roles of dr alpha residues in t-cell recognition, 20 mutants of the dr alpha chain were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. these dr alpha mutants were expressed with wt dr(beta 1*0701) on mouse l cells and used as apc for four dr7-restricted t-cell clones specific for rabies virus antigens. the results indicate that the dr alpha residues are differentially involved in recognition of rabies virus antigen by different t-cell clones. mutations in the floor of th ...19968882408
vaccine-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in the dog.vaccination has been incriminated as a trigger of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (imha) in dogs and in people, but evidence to support this association is lacking. in a controlled retrospective study, idiopathic imha was identified in 58 dogs over a 27-month period. when compared with a randomly selected control group of 70 dogs (presented for reasons other than imha) over the same period, the distribution of cases versus time since vaccination was different (p < .05). fifteen of the dogs (26% ...19968884713
no rabies detected in voles and field mice in a rabies-endemic area.brain samples were collected from 514 voles and wild mice in estonia, and examined for rabies. the samples were tested with antigen elisa, and 8.6% of them additionally by virus isolation assay. the results were negative. our data show that in areas of north-eastern europe, where rabies is endemic in raccoon dogs and red foxes, populations of smaller mammals may remain free of rabies.19968885709
rabies virus binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit demonstrated by virus overlay protein binding assay.a virus overlay protein binding assay was used to study binding of 125i-labelled rabies virus to the acetylcholine receptor (achr) from torpedo californica electric organ membranes. after gel electrophoresis of electric organ membranes and transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose, 125i-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin, a curaremimetic neurotoxin, bound to a 40 kda band and 125i-labelled rabies virus bound to 51 kda and 40 kda bands. binding of rabies virus to the 40 kda band was inhibited by unlabelled ...19968887475
use of elisa for in vitro potency test of rabies vaccines for animal use.the use of elisa for the potency test of inactivated rabies vaccines for animal use was evaluated. sandwich elisa was developed, using monoclonal antibodies which enabled to recognize the glycoprotein (g-protein) of rabies virus and showed a protective effect in mice. soluble g-protein which displays an elisa activity but a low immunogenicity was removed by gel filtration before elisa was carried out. the elisa titres of the first fraction of vaccines separated by gel filtration were correlated ...19968889055
improvement of virus safety of a s/d-treated factor viii concentrate by additional dry heat treatment at 100 degrees c.in order to increase the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated factor viii concentrate in regard to non-lipid coated viruses and to respond to the continuous discussion about reports on hepatitis a transmission by factor viii preparations, we have investigated the effect of a terminal dry heat treatment (30 min 100 degrees c) on hav and various other viruses. by this treatment hepatitis a virus was inactivated below detectable level after a few minutes (> 5.3 log10). other rna viruses such ...19968889059
rabies encephalitis in a patient with aids: a clinicopathological study.a 46-year-old man was bitten by a dog in mali; anti-rabies vaccination was incomplete. three months later he was admitted to hospital with fever and diarrhea. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serology was positive and cd4 count was 70/mm3. his status worsened rapidly with confusion hydrophobia and hypersialorrhea. despite anti-rabies serotherapy and vaccination, he died suddenly 12 days after admission. immunofluorescence on cerebral tissue samples established rabies encephalitis. neuropatholo ...19968891075
identification of amino acids controlling the low-ph-induced conformational change of rabies virus glycoprotein.the glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus assumes at least three different conformations: the native state detected at the viral surface above ph 7, the activated state involved in the first step of the fusion process, and the fusion-inactive conformation (i). a new category of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which recognized specifically the i conformation at the viral surface has recently been described. these mabs (17a4 and 29ec2) became neutralizing when the virus was preincubated at acidic ph to in ...19968892855
investigation of rabies virus strains in mexico with a panel of monoclonal antibodies used to classify lyssavirus.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a panel of eight antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies developed in europe to assess rabies virus strains isolated from various animal species in geographically diverse areas of mexico. fifty-one rabies-positive brain tissue samples from animals and humans were examined. material from these samples was used to infect mice, whose brain tissue was subsequently tested by indirect immunofluorescence using the monoclonal antibodies described a ...19968919723
the design of strain-specific polymerase chain reactions for discrimination of the racoon rabies virus strain from indigenous rabies viruses of ontario.since its recognition as a discrete epizootic in florida in the early 1950s, the raccoon strain of rabies virus (rv) has spread over almost the entire eastern seaboard of the us and now threatens to enter the southernmost regions of canada. to characterise this rv strain in more detail, nucleotide sequencing of the n and g genes, encoding the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein, respectively, of representative isolates has been undertaken. this sequence information generated a conserved restriction m ...19968919819
rabies diagnosis and the central veterinary laboratory. 19968931297
detection of rabies virus antigen in animals by avidin-biotin dot elisa.an avidin-biotin dot elisa test was standardized to detect rabies viral antigens from the brain of rabies-suspected animals. this test was compared with the direct fluorescent antibody test (fat). the advantages of the avidin-biotin dot elisa are discussed. the incorporation of avidin-biotin into a conventional elisa is a step forward in improving the available rabies antigen detection procedures as this technique is more sensitive, highly specific and exploits the great affinity of avidin for b ...19968946699
ten-year survey of british bats for the existence of rabies.in 1985, a notable increase in the number of recorded cases of rabies in european bats was observed, indicating a possible spread of the rabies virus in these bats. because of concern that the disease could be introduced into the united kingdom by bats crossing from mainland europe, a programme of screening dead bats for the presence of rabies and rabies-related viruses was initiated at the rabies research and diagnostic unit at the central veterinary laboratory. over a period of 10 years (janua ...19968950819
rabies among african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) in the masai mara, kenya.a pack of african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the masai mara national reserve in southwestern kenya was monitored from 1988 to 1989. during a 6-week period (august 1-september 13, 1989), 21 of 23 members of this pack died. seven carcasses were retrieved, of which 4 were suitable for necropsy and histopathologic examination. gross findings varied among individuals and included multiple bite wounds, synovitis, lymphadenopathy, submandibular, cervical, and vocal cord edema, bl ...19968953525
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1995.in 1995, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention. nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the northeast, where rabies is now e ...19968960176
new aspects of rabies with emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of the disease in the united states. 19968964034
superantigen related to rabies. 19968966658
potency of veterinary rabies vaccines in the netherlands: a case for continued vigilance.commercial rabies vaccines, used by veterinarians in the netherlands, were collected for testing in the mouse potency test. of the six vaccines tested, two were clearly below the minimal requirements for potency of 1.0 iu. of these six vaccines the rabies virus glycoprotein (gp) and nucleoprotein (np) contents were determined in an antigen competition elisa. the gp content proved to correlate well with the potency found in the mouse potency test (r = 0.95, p < 0.01), whereas no such correlation ...19968972063
the role of somatic mutation in the generation of the protective humoral immune response against vesicular stomatitis virus.during most clinically relevant infections with cytopathic viruses, neutralizing antibodies are generated early, i.e., within the first week of infection. as early as 4 days after immunization of mice with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), a cytopathic virus closely related to rabies virus, hybridomas could be isolated that secreted virus-neutralizing iggs. such antibodies were devoid of somatic mutations, showed high binding avidities (approximately 10(9) m-1), and used v gene fragments predomi ...19968986722
genetic immunization.genetic immunization, the latest addition to the field of vaccinology, has shown, in a number of animal models, to be an efficacious approach to induce protective immunity to infectious diseases. the advantages of dna vaccines are their ease of construction, the low expanse of mass production, their high temperature stability, and their ability to induce a full spectrum of exceptionally long-lasting immune responses including cytolytic t cells. their potential disadvantages are putative safety i ...19968733914
serological survey for orthopoxvirus infection of wild mammals in areas where a recombinant rabies virus is used to vaccinate foxes.several fox vaccination campaigns against rabies have been undertaken in belgium by using a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus distributed in baits in the field. however, foxes and other wild animals that may ingest the baits could be infected at the same time by another orthopoxvirus, such as cowpox virus, which circulates in wildlife. recombination between the two viruses could therefore occur. a serological survey for antibodies to orthopoxvirus, and particularly to cowpox virus, was undertake ...19968734505
genetic characterization of rabies field isolates from venezuela.twenty samples from cases of rabies in humans and domestic animals diagnosed in venezuela between 1990 and 1994 and one sample from a vampire bat collected in 1976 were characterized by reactivity to monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein and by patterns of nucleotide substitution in the nucleoprotein gene. three antigenic variants were found: 1, 3, and 5. antigenic variant 1 included all samples from dogs and humans infected by contact with rabid dogs. unique substitutions permit ...19968735118
human safety and immunogenicity of a canarypox-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine: an alternative poxvirus vector system.avian poxvirus recombinants undergo abortive replication in nonavian cells, yet can achieve expression of extrinsic gene products. canarypox-vectored vaccines have been innocuous and immunogenic in several mammalian species. alvac-rg, a canarypox recombinant expressing the rabies glycoprotein gene, was inoculated intramuscularly into adult volunteers on days 0, 28, and 180. sequential cohorts received 10(3.5), 10(4.5), and 10(5.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses (tcid50); additional volunteer ...19968735555
molecular characterization of carrier rabies isolates.we compared the genomes of nine dog rabies virus isolates using two molecular methods. the viruses used in the comparison included three ethiopian rabies strains from carrier dogs, a street strain from a rabid dog from the same geographic area, two saliva isolates made from an experimentally infected carrier dog, the virus isolated from the tonsil of this carrier dog at necropsy, and two laboratory strains. we produced overlapping polymerase chain reaction (pcr) segments spanning 97% of the geno ...19968738172
evaluation of the safety of two attenuated oral rabies vaccines, sag1 and sag2, in six arctic mammals.the safety of two attenuated oral rabies vaccines was evaluated in mink and in five species of rodents which occur in the arctic. a 0.03 ml sample of liquid vaccine was installed directly into the mouth of voles and lemmings and 0.1 ml into the mouth of arctic ground squirrels and mink. animals were euthanized at 36 and 46 days postexposure; brain tissue was analyzed by fat and serum by rffit. no rabies deaths occurred in 47 animals tested. four animals representing three rodent species seroconv ...19968744551
[pre- and postgestational vaccination].vaccination is one of the most important methods to prevent infectious diseases, it consist of application of an inactive but immunogenic antigen, with the objective of simulating a natural infection and originate an immunological response. important vaccines used in women's reproductive age are: 1) antirubella, if the woman has not serum antibodies against rubella virus; 2) tetanus toxoid is indicated in all pregnant women which had not been vaccinated against tetanus in the last ten years; 3) ...19968756191
early events in rabies virus infection of the central nervous system in skunks (mephitis mephitis).twenty-four striped skunks were inoculated intramuscularly (long digital extensor muscle of right pelvic limb) with street rabies virus. groups of two clinically normal skunks were killed at various times after inoculation; skunks that developed rabies were killed in early stages of the clinical signs. four clinically normal skunks (numbered 1-4) had slight infection in lumbar spinal ganglia, spinal cord and brain. these four skunks were used for detailed immunohistochemical (rabies antigen) stu ...19968773152
the effects of post-translational side-chain modifications on the stimulatory activity, serum stability and conformation of synthetic peptides carrying t helper cell epitopes.peptides 31d and vf13, corresponding to the rabies virus nucleo- and glycoproteins, respectively, vigorously stimulate t helper cells of the appropriate specificity. earlier we showed how internal and external glycosylation affects the major histocompatibility complex molecule (mhc)-binding ability and conformation of these t-cell epitopes (otvos et al. (1994) biochim. biophys. acta 1224, 68-76; otvos et al. (1995) biochim. biophys. acta 1267, 55-64). in the current report, we examined the t-hel ...19968781544
Refresh
firstprev
...21222324252627282930...
nextlast
Displaying items 2501 - 2600 of 5712