Publications

[electrical characteristics of the granular neurons of the carp olfactory bulb].	using the intracellular recording technique the electrical activity of the carp olfactory bulb granular cells and secondary neurons was studied. early and late epsp and ipsp were the synaptic responses of granular cells both to the olfactory nerve and olfactory tract electrical stimulation. the comparison of responses of the granular cells and secondary neurons led to the conclusion that the granular cells are interneurons producing post-synaptic inhibition of the secondary neurons. it was suppo ...	1997	1207841
activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in erythrocytes and transaminases in the plasma of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium.	total superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1) and catalase (cat, ec 1.11.1.6) activities in erythrocytes and the glutamic acid-oxalacetic acid-transaminase (got, ec 2.6.1.1) and glutamic acid-pyruvic acid-transaminase (gpt, ec 2.6.1.2) activities in the plasma were measured in experimental groups of carps (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to cadmium in a concentration of 20 mg cd/l water under aquarium conditions for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours and in control fishes. it was shown that the total activity o ...	1997	9728486
extrapiscine development of myxobolus drjagini akhmerov, 1954 (myxosporea: myxobolidae) in oligochaete alternative hosts.	the extrapiscine development of myxobolus drjagini, a myxosporean parasite of the head, operculum and buccal cavity of the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), was studied in experimentally infected oligochaetes, tubifex tubifex. after infection of uninfected tubificids with mature spores of m. drajagini, development of actinosporean stages was first observed by light microscopy 27 days after infection. triactinomyxon stages of m. drjagini emerged from the worms after 91 days of intraoligo ...	1997	9557320
[swallowed and impacted carp fish-hook in a dog].		1997	9599163
application of hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) as a possible control measure for opisthorchis viverrini infection in cultured carp (puntius gonionotus).	opisthorchiasis due to opisthorchis viverrini and transmitted through infected freshwater cyprinoid fish (carps) affects more than 8 million people in thailand, people's democratic republic of lao, and vietnam. the hazard analysis critical control point (haccp)-concept has been recommended by fao and who to be included in programs to control foodborne trematode infections (fbt). haccp is a multifactorial approach to control food hazards through surveillance of diseases, foods, and operations and ...	1997	9656352
common culture practices for cyprinids in asia.	cyprinids are the largest group of cultured freshwater fish and thus the most important from the aspect of fish-borne parasitic zoonoses. the common practices employed in the culture of this group are described to provide background information which may be used in the formulation of strategies for the control of these zoonoses. only the common carp is cultured in monoculture: all the rest of the carp species are usually cultured in polyculture systems incorporating several species. polyculture ...	1997	9656353
carp, a cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, is downstream in the nkx2-5 homeobox gene pathway.	to identify the molecular pathways that guide cardiac ventricular chamber specification, maturation and morphogenesis, we have sought to characterize factors that regulate the expression of the ventricular myosin light chain-2 gene, one of the earliest markers of ventricular regionalization during mammalian cardiogenesis. previously, our laboratory identified a 28 bp hf-la/mef-2 element in the mlc-2v promoter region, which confers cardiac ventricular chamber-specific gene expression during murin ...	1997	9043061
distribution and variation of nv genes in fish rhabdoviruses.	the fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) contains a non-virion (nv) gene between the glycoprotein (g) and polymerase (l) genes on its rna genome. the present study investigated three other fish rhabdovirus genomes and found that the nv gene of hirame rhabdovirus is closely related to the nv of ihnv, whereas the viral haemorrhagic septicemia nv gene showed evidence of significant divergence. most importantly, spring viraemia of carp virus, the only vesiculovirus-like f ...	1997	9010293
carbonic anhydrase ii and carbonic anhydrase-related protein in the cerebellar cortex of normal and lurcher mice.	the developmental profiles of carbonic anhydrase ii (ca-ii) and a carbonic anhydrase related protein (carp) were studied in rat and mouse cerebella. enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and western blotting were used to study the synthesis and expression of these enzymes in cerebellar sections from age matched control, ca-ii deficient and lurcher mice, the latter being characterised by purkinje cell degeneration. both ca-ii and carp were first found to be expressed ...	1997	9027408
elimination of pcbs from heavily contaminated carp (cyprinus carpio l) in clean water-depuration study.		1997	9256400
immunization with bacterial antigens: infections with motile aeromonads.	motile aeromonads are a heterogeneous group of organisms which are involved in a number of disease syndromes of warm water fish. they are commonly associated with bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia, infectious dropsy, red mouth disease, ulcerative conditions etc. a variety of factors has been considered to be associated with virulence including haemolysins, proteases, surface array protein, acetylcholinesterase etc. we have studied the immune response of indian major carps to antigens of motile ...	1997	9270842
a novel cardiac-restricted target for doxorubicin. carp, a nuclear modulator of gene expression in cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes.	doxorubicin (dox), a cardiotoxic antineoplastic drug, disrupts the cardiac-specific program of gene expression (kurabayashi, m., dutta, s., jeyaseelan, r., and kedes, l. (1995) mol. cell. biol. 15, 6386-6397; jeyaseelan, r., poizat, c., wu, h. y., and kedes, l. (1997) j. biol. chem. 272, 5828-5832). to determine whether this drug might interfere with the function of cardiac-specific regulatory pathways, we used a differential display strategy to clone from neonatal rat cardiomyocyte candidate mr ...	1997	9278441
[temperature dependence of the kinetics of renaturation of partially denatured collagen].	by the method of optical activity it has been studied the temperature dependence of the triple helical refolding process of partially denatured collagen from the skin and swim bladder of the mirror carp, and also that of the rat skin. it is shown that reducing the renaturation temperature the triple helical refolding rate increases and is in perfect agreement with the earlier observed fact [1,2]. the temperature coefficient of the reaction rate in the investigated region of temperatures remains ...	1997	9296618
adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing activity of urotensin i and its fragments in vitro.	adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth)-releasing activity of synthetic carp urotensin i (ui) and its ten synthetic fragments were examined using cultured rat pituitary cells. both ui(1-41) and rat crf (rcrf) increased acth release in a similar fashion at a concentration range from 10 pm to 100 nm. the potency of ui(1-41) was about one seventh that of rcrf on a molar basis. four of ten ui fragments, ui(1-36), ui(4-36), ui(6-36) and ui(1-19) showed relatively strong acth-releasing activity, whereas bo ...	1997	9309581
the effect of selenium on antioxidant system in erythrocytes and liver of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.)	the effect of selenium-supplemented diet (sodium selenate and selenium yeast) on antioxidant in erythrocytes and liver of the carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fingerlings was studied. with this goal, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), catalase (cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione reductase (gr) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst), as well as glutathione (gsh + gssg) level, were determined. in the group supplemented with sodium selenate, no significant changes in the activity o ...	1997	9315433
complementation analysis of carotenogenic mutants of mucor circinelloides.	mutants of the filamentous fungus mucor circinelloides altered in the synthesis of beta-carotene (genotype car) have been isolated by direct inspection of the color shown by the colonies derived from mutagenized spores. the mutants were analyzed for the carotenoid content in darkness and light and studied with respect to complementation in heterokaryons made by spheroplast fusion. the results revealed the existence of at least four complementation groups. the carb mutants are white and accumulat ...	1997	9344628
long-term recovery of macrobenthos and fish assemblages after water pollution abatement measures in the river petite baïse (france).	riverine ecosystems are subject to a large variety of man-made influences, and in recent years a new public awareness of the need to protect rivers has emerged within the industrialized world. the present study focuses on the effect of abatement of pollution from one factory on the recovery of fish and macroinvertebrate species richness in the river petite baïse over a 20-year period (1973-1993). until 1973, the petite baïse (75 km in length) received not only factory waste (nitrogenous rich eff ...	1997	9353205
characterization of gamma s-crystallin isoforms from lip shark (chiloscyllium colax): evolutionary comparison between gamma s and beta/gamma crystallins.	gamma s-crystallin from shark eye lenses, formerly termed beta s crystallin in mammalian lenses, is structurally characterized in this study by cdna cloning and sequencing. to facilitate sequence characterization of gamma s-crystallin possessing intermediate structural properties between beta- and gamma-crystallins, cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from shark eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain nucleotide segments ...	1997	9367880
head-to-head linkage of carp alpha- and beta-globin genes.	the alpha- and beta-globin gene variants are believed to have diverged from a single ancestral globin gene, and the divergence was primed by the duplication of the ancestral globin gene. to understand the process of gene duplication, we investigated the alpha- and beta-globin gene arrangement of a bony fish (carp). from a southern analysis of seven previously prepared lambda phage clones (lambdacg1-7) using radio-labelled alpha- or beta-globin gene probes, it was found that the clones included b ...	1997	9396629
expression of titin isoforms in red and white muscle fibres of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) exposed to different sarcomere strains during swimming.	titin (also known as connectin) is a striated-muscle-specific protein that spans the distance between the z- and m-lines of the sarcomere. the elastic segment of the titin molecule in the i-band is thought to be responsible for developing passive tension and for maintaining the central position of thick filaments in contracting sarcomeres. different muscle types express isoforms of titin that differ in their molecular mass. to help to elucidate the relation between the occurrence of titin isofor ...	1997	9404015
development of neuropeptide y innervation in the liver.	hepatic neuropeptide y (npy) innervation was studied by immunohistochemistry in various mature vertebrates including the eel, carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, monkey, and human. in addition, an ontogenetic study on hepatic npy was made in developing mice and guinea pigs. in all species examined except the eel, npy-like immunoreactivity was detected in nerve fibers. in the carp, bullfrog, turtle, chicken, mouse, and rat, npy-positive fibers were distributed around the ...	1997	9407546
susceptibility of several species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to larval gnathostoma nipponicum infection.	susceptibility of five species of cyprinidae and salmonidae freshwater fish to the early third-stage larvae (eal3) and advanced third-stage larvae (adl3) of gnathostoma nipponicum infection were examined. two fish species inoculated orally with eal3 were infected, and adl3 were recovered from them with rate of 21.0% in tribolodon hakonensis and 0.5% in cyprinus carpio at 30 days postinoculation (pi). attempts to infect five fish species with adl3 were all successful. the recovery rate of adl3 wa ...	1997	9409521
neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotrophin ii release and gonadal growth in the goldfish, carassius auratus.	the goldfish, a member of the carp family, is a widely used model for reproductive neuroendocrine studies of economically important fish. the two gonadotrophin (gth) molecules released from the fish anterior pituitary, gth-i and gth-ii, are structurally similar to tetrapod fsh and lh, respectively. gonadotrophin ii is the best studied, and in goldfish stimulates gonadal growth and steroidogenesis, ovulation and sperm release. growth hormone also has gonadotrophic actions in fish which enhance go ...	1997	9414466
cadmium bioaccumulation in carp (cyprinus carpio) tissues during long-term high exposure: analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.	this work was an attempt to investigate cadmium bioaccumulation in the carp (cyprinus carpio) during simulated pollution. the fish, weighing 100 g, were kept for 140 days in a 1000-liter indoor concrete tank supplied with a continuous flow (8 liters min-1) of unchlorinated, aerated, and filtered well water, the cadmium concentration of which was maintained at 450 microg liter-1. such a high cadmium concentration was chosen to achieve metal saturation of the fish organs. carp were fed during expo ...	1997	9417855
partial purification and characterization of six transglutaminases from ordinary muscles of various fishes and marine invertebrates.	six transglutaminases were prepared from ordinary muscles of scallop (patinopecten yessoensis), botan shrimp (pandalus nipponensis), squid (todarodes pacificus), carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and atka mackerel (pleurogrammus azonus), and their physicochemical and enzymatic properties were compared with each other. the km value of carp transglutaminase for monodansyl cadaverine, a kind of primary amines, was 0.33 mm, while the other enzymes had km values of 0.01-0.0 ...	1997	9440224
metagonimus miyatai sp. nov. (digenea: heterophyidae), a new intestinal trematode transmitted by freshwater fishes in japan and korea.	metagonimus miyatai n. sp. (digenea: heterophyidae) is described based on adult flukes collected from experimental dogs and hamsters fed with metacercariae encysted in the sweetfish, plecoglossus altivelis, dace, tribolodon hakonensis and t. taczanowskii, common fat-minnow, morocco steindachneri, pale chub, zacco platypus, and dark chub, zacco temmincki, and on those collected from naturally infected humans. the new species was morphologically compared with m. yokogawai and m. takahashii obtaine ...	1997	9446902
precocious onset of spermatogenesis in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio l., teleostei) following treatment with low doses of l-thyroxine.	two strains of carp (cyprinus carpio l.), a heterogenic and an all male isogeneic, were used as experimental models to assess the effects of low doses of l-thyroxine (t4) on testicular development in juvenile fish. in four experiments (two with each strain) precocious onset of spermatogenesis was induced following exposure to 15 micrograms t4 l-1, but not to 8 micrograms or 30 micrograms t4 l-1. no significant increase in body weight and testis diameter (week 16 excepted) or numbers of primary s ...	1997	9455661
intermediate filament proteins immunologically related to cytokeratins in the oocyte of the fish cyprinus carpio.	we have used monoclonal antibodies specific for different sets of human cytokeratins and the anti-ifa (intermediate filament antigen) antibody to investigate the expression of intermediate filament proteins in the mature oocyte of the teleost cyprinus carpio. several polypeptides have been identified, showing molecular weights ranging from 43 to 65 kda. two-dimensional analysis of the immunoreactive species revealed the presence of at least six major protein spots and a series of minor component ...	1997	9460904
the tight junctions of the leptomeningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier during development.	the outer blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is formed by leptomeningeal cells of the arachnoidea. the structures underlying this barrier are tight junctions. in contrast to the tight junctions of endo- and epithelial cells, which have been investigated by means of ultrastructural as well as by molecular methodology, equivalent studies on meningeal cells are lacking. in the present study, therefore, the ultrathin section and freeze-fracture morphology of cranial leptomeningeal cells of carp, frog ...	1997	9476217
partial characterization of a fatty acid desaturase gene in drosophila melanogaster.	the open reading frame of a gene encoding a protein homologous to vertebrate fatty acid desaturases has been characterized in drosophila melanogaster. this is the first description of a desaturase sequence in insects. two cdnas were cloned: the combined 1.5 kb nucleotide sequences indicate that the gene encodes a polypeptide of 383 amino acid residues with a high sequence similarity to the well defined delta 9 desaturases from rat and yeast and desaturases from carp and tick. the drosophila prot ...	1997	9501419
induction of oral tolerance in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) after feeding protein antigens.	induction of oral tolerance against ferritin, recombinant surface glycoprotein of viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (klg18) and ovalbumin (ova) was studied in carp. feeding of ferritin or klg18 resulted in lower ab titres compared to unprimed controls when animals were intramuscularly (i.m.) injected with protein 10 weeks later and sampled 21 days after this injection. after administration of ova by different routes (oral, anal, i.m.) and i.m. injection with ova + freund's incomplete adjuvant ...	1997	9533276
growth hormone deficiency associated in the 18q deletion syndrome.	the 18q- syndrome is one of the commonest deletion syndromes. clinical characteristics are variable but may include: hypotonia, tapered digits, "carp-like" mouth, mental retardation, and hearing impairment. growth failure (gf; both weight and height < 3%) was reported in 80% of affected individuals. we evaluated growth hormone (gh) sufficiency in 5 18q- syndrome patients, 3 of whom had growth failure (< 3% weight and height); the remaining 2 had normal growth parameters. laboratory evaluation of ...	1997	9066876
gonadotrophs but not somatotrophs carry gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors: receptor localisation, intracellular calcium, and gonadotrophin and gh release.	gonadotrophs are the primary target cells for gnrh in the pituitary. however, during a limited period of neonatal life in the rat, lactotrophs and somatotrophs respond to gnrh as well. also, in the adults of a number of teleost fishes (e.g. carp, goldfish, and tilapia but not trout), gnrh is a potent gh secretagogue. in studying hypophysiotrophic actions of the two forms of gnrh present in the african catfish (clarias gariepinus), chicken gnrh-ii ([his5,trp7,tyr8]gnrh; cgnrh-ii) and catfish gnrh ...	1997	9071965
production of amylase by the intestinal microflora in cultured freshwater fish.	the amylase-producing ability of the intestinal microflora in cultured specimens of ayu, carp, channel catfish, japanese eel and tilapia was determined. mean viable counts of aerobes and anaerobes ranged from 1.1 x 10(6) to 3.7 x 10(8) cfu g-1 and from 1.3 x 10(3) to 1.6 x 10(8) cfu g-1, respectively. aeromonas spp. and bacteroidaceae were predominant in four to five fish species. of 206 strains examined, 65 (31.6%) produced > or = 0.01 u amylase ml-1. the percentage of producers differed among ...	1997	9081303
identification and estimation of microcystins in freshwater mussels.	accumulation of microcystins mainly produced by cyanobacteria microcystis was investigated for freshwater mussels and fishes collected from a lake where heavy blooms of microcystis occurred every year. the identification of microcystins was performed by hplc equipped with a frit fab mass spectrometer. microcystins lr and rr were identified in the mussels unio douglasiae and anadonta woodiana, whereas no microcystin was identified by the present method in fishes, such as cyprinus carpio, carassiu ...	1997	9086457
insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) binding in fish red muscle: regulation by high insulin levels.	insulin and igf-i binding to semi-purified red muscle receptors was characterized in brown trout, salmo trutta and the common carp. cyprinus carpio. the yield of glycoprotein obtained after semipurification of receptors with wga-agarose affinity chromatography in microgram g-1 initial tissue was 210.6 +/- 21 micrograms g-1 in trout and 108.5 +/- 2.5 micrograms g-1 in carp. igf-i specific binding (4.72 +/- 0.64%/10 micrograms glycoprotein) was 4-5-times higher than insulin binding (1.04 +/- 0.12% ...	1997	9100285
the cdna sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit via from carp and rainbow trout suggest the absence of isoforms in fishes.	the cdnas of subunit via of cytochrome c oxidase from rainbow trout liver and carp heart are presented, revealing 82% identity of their deduced amino acid sequences. the two cdnas are evolutionary equally distant from the livertype (vial) and heart-type (viah) of mammalian subunit via. the data suggest that in ectotherm fishes no isoforms of subunit via occur, and that the postulated tissue-specific mechanism of thermogenesis in mammals, based on interaction of atp with subunit viah (frank, v. a ...	1997	9107314
perceptual brightness space in the carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	an instrumental differentiation method was used to study the discrimination of the intensities of black/white (over the range 0.0082-0.214 w/m2; coordinates in the cie-31 system: x = 0.340, y = 0.354) and red (over the range 0.0035-0.106 w/m2; coordinates in the cie-31 system: x = 0.641, y = 0.342) stimuli in two carp fish (cyprinus carpio l.). confusion matrices were constructed using the probabilities of instrumental responses (bead seizing) on selection from a pair of stimuli (a conditioned s ...	1997	9109111
recombinant gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i: subcloning, expression in escherichia coli, purification and characterization.	gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) insulin-like growth factor-i (gsigf-i) cdna coding for the mature protein was cloned in a pgem-3z vector, and then transferred into prokaryotic expression vector pet-11a and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells upon induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside. the expressed protein contained within the inclusion-body pellet was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded for 24 h at ph 11.3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of cysteine and purified to over 98% ...	1997	9135579
flow cytometric determination of intracellular free potassium concentration.	a flow cytometric assay has been developed for determination of intracellular free potassium concentration ([k+]i). investigated cells, loaded with the fluorescent ph indicator 2',7bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (bcecf), are incubated in the presence of nigericin, and the intracellular ph is measured. the ionophore maintains the same ratio value [h+]/[k+] on both sides of the cytoplasmic membrane, so [k+]i can be evaluated from the measured intracellular ph (phi) and the known ...	1997	9136754
characterization of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i ovarian receptors during the reproductive cycle of carp (cyprinus carpio).	insulin and insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) receptors were characterized in glycoprotein fractions prepared by wheat germ agglutinin-agarose affinity chromatography from the ovaries of carp. insulin-specific overall binding in carp ovaries was 6- to 11-fold lower than igf-i binding (2.7 +/- 0.48% vs. 22.8 +/- 3.6% per 20 microg glycoprotein). cold igf-i displaced radiolabeled igf-i binding in doses 1000- to 3000-fold lower than cold insulin. on the other hand, cold insulin displaced radiola ...	1997	9160710
the in vitro effect of khawia sinensis on leucocyte activity in carp (cyprinus carpio).	the interactions between khawia sinensis (cestoda: caryophyllidea), a pathogenic tapeworm of carp, and host leucocytes has been investigated in vitro by monitoring blastogenesis in pronephric, splenic and thymic lymphocytes and apoptosis of pronephric leucocytes. both parasite homogenate and excretory/secretory (e/s) products were found to suppress lymphocyte blastogenesis at high concentrations (346.6-98.8 microg ml-1) whilst cell stimulation occurred at low concentrations (49.4-19.8 microg ml- ...	1997	9166442
[a comparative study of the morphofunctional changes in the thyroid of carp and rats as a result of being in an environment with an elevated lead level].	it has been noticed that the morphofunctional organization of the thyroid gland is similar in representatives of two different classes of vertebrates: in fishes and in rats. exposure of experimental animals to ecological factors with increased lead levels was followed by a phase response (activation, depression) of various structural elements of the thyroid gland. obvious differences in morphofunctional mechanisms of adaptation to chemical stress factors in fishes and rats were found. a possible ...	1997	9173625
reciprocal translocation 4;11 with both adjacent-1 segregants viable within a family.	we describe a family carrying a balanced 4;11 translocation in which both adjacent-1 segregants are viable. the proband had an unbalanced karyotype: 46,xy,der(11)t(4;11)(q34.3;q23.1)mat. at 8.5 years of age he showed trigonocephaly, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, down-slanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears, anteverted nares, down-turned carp-shaped mouth, and bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly. his maternal aunt was also dysmorphic with high-arched palate, short philtrum and mild developme ...	1997	9184247
comparative studies on omega-hydroxylation of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol in the mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of the liver from several vertebrates.	the activity and the stereospecificity of omega-hydroxylation, a hydroxylation at one of the two terminal methyl groups of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-triol, which is thought to be the first step in side-chain degradation resulting in the formation of cholic acid, was elucidated in mitochondria and microsomes of the liver from several evolutionarily primitive vertebrates, fish, frogs, turtles, and chickens in addition to such mammals as rats. hamsters, and rabbits. the detection ...	1997	9185292
sequence characterization of gamma-crystallins from lip shark (chiloscyllium colax): existence of two cdnas encoding gamma-crystallins of mammalian and teleostean classes.	gamma-crystallin is a common lens protein of most vertebrate eye lenses and the major protein component in lenses of fishes and in many mammalian species during embryonic and neonatal stages. to facilitate the structural characterization of gamma-crystallin possessing extensive charge heterogeneity, a cdna mixture was constructed from the poly(a)+ mrna isolated from shark eye lenses, and amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was carried out to obtain cdnas encoding multiple shark gamm ...	1997	9188069
rhabdovirus-induced apoptosis in a fish cell line is inhibited by a human endogenous acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor.	to determine the mechanisms of cell death in rhabdovirus-infected cells, we studied the infection of the epithelial papilloma of carp cell line with spring viremia of carp virus. studies using electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed changes in cell morphology and dna fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. the virus-induced apoptosis was inhibited in cells treated with a human endogenous acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor.	1997	9188644
temperature modulation of the response of ig-positive cells to goussia carpelli (protozoa: apicomplexa) infections in carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the influence of temperature on the kinetics of immunoglobulin-positive (ig+) leukocytes in cell suspensions prepared from the pronephros and the intestine of common carp cyprinus carpio during the development of goussia carpelli, a gut-dwelling coccidian parasite, was examined. the development of the parasite was temperature dependent. at 20 c, oocysts were formed 2-3 wk postexposure (pb), at 15 c for 3-4 wk pe, and at 12 c for 5-6 wk pe. at all 3 temperatures, changes of relative numbers of ig ...	1997	9194823
isolation of transforming growth factor-beta2 cdna from a fish, cyprinus carpio by rt-pcr.	transforming growth factors-beta (tgf-betas) have been described in many vertebrate species of amphibians, aves and mammals. in this report we demonstrate the presence of tgf-beta2 in pisces. tgf-beta2 has been cloned from a fish, cyprinus carpio, by rt-pcr using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. sequence analysis of the amplified product and alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence with the human tgf-beta2 amino acid sequence revealed 81% and 93% identity in the precursor and the mature r ...	1997	9210595
activator effect of coinjected enhancers on the muscle-specific expression of promoters in zebrafish embryos.	the transient expression of reporter gene constructs in embryos provides a powerful tool to characterise cis-acting transcriptional elements of the genes involved in development. in the present study, we have analysed the expression pattern of several muscle-specific and ubiquitous regulatory sequences in microinjected zebrafish embryos. by using a fast and reproducible coinjection strategy, the mosaic expression of lacz reporter gene was monitored in wholemount embryos injected with sequences c ...	1997	9211424
an important developmental role for oligosaccharides during early embryogenesis of cyprinid fish.	derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides have been shown to play a role in plant organogenesis at nanomolar concentrations. here we present data which indicate that chitin oligosaccharides are important for embryogenesis in vertebrates. we characterize chitin oligosaccharides synthesized in vitro by zebrafish and carp embryos in the late gastrulation stage by incorporation of radiolabeled n-acetyl-d-[u14c]glucosamine and by hplc in combination with enzymatic conversion using the bradyrhizobium nod ...	1997	9223299
cloning and sequencing of a full-length sea bream (sparus aurata) beta-actin cdna.	a full-length cdna clone encoding beta-actin (beta-actin) was isolated from a sea bream (sparus aurata) liver cdna library. sequencing of this clone reveals an open reading frame encoding a 375 amino acid protein that shares a high degree of conservation to other known actins. the sea bream beta-actin sequence showed 98% identity to carp and human beta-actin and 95% and 94% identity to sea squirt and dictyostelium cytoplasmic actins, respectively.	1997	9226879
the 102 kda chicken liver acid phosphatase: dimeric structure, glycoprotein nature and immunological properties.	in this study we isolated a highly purified, homogeneous high molecular weight (hmw) acpase (mr 102 kda) from the chicken liver. this enzyme was shown to be a slightly acidic (pi 5.0-6.1), dimeric sialoglycoenzyme, composed of two equivalent subunits. its sugar moiety, characterized by interactions with specific lectins, was shown to be composed of hybrid and complex type of carbohydrate chains. heterogeneity of the high molecular weight acpase arising from variations of the sugar components was ...	1997	9226888
cytokeratin-filament expression in epithelial and non-epithelial tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	cytokeratin expression in mammals is generally restricted to epithelial cells and has been utilized to differentiate epithelial from nonepithelial tissues in these species. since cytokeratins have been shown to be highly conserved during vertebrate evolution, the objective of the present study has been to ascertain the expression pattern of cytokeratins in tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). a panel of 10 anti-human cytokeratin antibodies was evaluated using a streptavidin-biotin-perox ...	1997	8995209
histopathological changes induced by environmental stress in common carp, japanese coloured carp, european eel, and african catfish.	histopathological changes caused by stress during catching and transport were examined in four fish species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), the japanese coloured carp (koi, the coloured variant of the asian carp, cyprinus carpio haematopterus), the european eel (anguilla anguilla), and the african catfish (clarias gariepinus). in all species, the goblet cells of the gills and skin were decreased in number and slight detachment of the epithelium of the secondary gill lamellae was seen. loss o ...	1997	9270124
terminal morphology of two branches arising from a single stem-axon of pretectal (psm) neurons in the common carp.	the induction of postsynaptic structures by presynaptic terminals is suggested in a teleost brain. neurons in the nucleus pretectalis superficialis pars magnocellularis (psm) in the common carp are known to send fibers to the corpus mamillare (cm) and the nucleus lateralis valvulae (nlv). individual axons of psm neurons bifurcate (or give off an axon collateral), both of which reach the target areas in the cm and nlv. the morphology of horseradish peroxidase-labeled terminals in the cm and nlv a ...	1997	9034898
a family of highly repetitive dnas from "ginbuna" (carassius auratus langsdorfi) genome common to carassius auratus populations.	a family of highly repetitive dnas (hi-a) in the genome from a population of the crucian carp, tentatively identified as the ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi), was isolated from the hindiii digests and characterized. the hi-a monomer (268 or 269 bp) was at-rich (64.9%) with internal repetitive oligomers. the nucleotide similarity among monomers within the same individual was 88-98%, whose sequence alterations occurred mostly at restricted sites. hybridization analyses revealed that the hi-a ...	1997	9450387
the cardiac internuncial cell in carassius auratus longsdorffii and other 19 teleost species: a fine-structural study.	thin-section studies of the sino-auricular border region in the hearts of 20 species of teleost fish revealed the cardiac internuncial cell (cic), hitherto known only in misgurnus, to occur also in 8 species (acheilognathus lanceolatus, carassius auratus longsdorffii, cyprinus carpio, girella punctata, kareius bicoloratus, rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus, rhyncopelates oxyrhynchus, tilapia nilotica), but to be absent in the other 12 species. there was an indication that the cic was close in nature t ...	1997	9412743
polyploid-specific repetitive dna sequences from triploid ginbuna (japanese silver crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfi).	repetitive dna sequences (cal3ndr) in the genome of a triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi) were isolated from the drai digests of the genomic dna. this at-rich (61%) cal3ndr monomer was 137 bp in length. the nucleotide similarity among the monomers from the same individual was considerably high (above 97%). hybridization analyses revealed that the cal3ndr sequences were organized into tandem arrays. these dna sequences were present only in triploid and tetraploid ginbunas and were abs ...	1997	9265737
vip-like immunoreactivity in the intestinal tract of fish with different feeding habits.	we studied the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive (vip-ir) cells and fibres in the intestine of three fish species with different feeding habits: the silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix), the goldfish (carassius auratus), and the pumpkinseed sunfish (lepomis gibbosus). each species was divided into two groups: (1) fish fed once a day up until sacrifice and (2) fish fed once a day and then fasted three days before sacrifice. immunoreactive endocrine cells and fi ...	1997	9174846
production of fish chimeras from embryonic cells.	the efficiency of two cell-transplantation methods were compared for the production of embryonic cell derived fish chimeras. the classic microinjection technique (blastula stage donor cells are microinjected into blastula embryos) was compared to a novel aggregation method for fish developed by our group. this method utilises the ability of dechorionated fish embryos to aggregate. morula cells dissociated in ca2+, mg2+ free medium were aggregated to recipient embryos of different developmental s ...	1997	9199704
brain na+/k+-atpase activity in two anoxia tolerant vertebrates: crucian carp and freshwater turtle.	the crucian carp (carassius carassius) and freshwater turtles (trachemys scripta) are among the very few vertebrates that can survive extended periods of anoxia. the major problem for an anoxic brain is energy deficiency. in the brain, the na+/k+-atpase is the single most atp consuming enzyme, being responsible for maintaining ion gradients. we here show that the na+/k+-atpase activity in the turtle brain is reduced by 31% in telencephalon and by 34% in cerebellum after 24 h of anoxia. both chan ...	1997	9389603
sarcolemmal ca influx through l-type ca channels in ventricular myocytes of a teleost fish.	the whole cell patch clamp method was used to measure ca current through l-type ca channels in enzymatically isolated ventricular myocytes of crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) heart. fish were acclimated to 22 degrees c for more than 4 wk, and properties of ca current were measured at room temperature (21 +/- 1 degrees c). depolarizing voltage steps from -50 mv evoked rapidly activating ca currents, which exhibited a bell-shaped voltage dependence with peak amplitude at 0 mv. the currents we ...	1997	9176334
electron-microscopy observations on an intracellular mastigophoran in the gills of crucian carp, carassius carassius.		1997	9272571
morphometry of the kidneys of fresh water percoid and ostariophysian teleosts.	kidneys of four fresh water teleost species representing percormorpha (oreochromis niloticus and micropterus salmoides) and ostariophysi (cyprinus carpio and clarias mossambicus) were studied for quantitative structural characteristics using tissues fixed by perfusion. the renosomatic index (weight of kidney/weight of fish) was higher in the ostariophysian than percoid fish (p < 0.05) but values of volume of nephronic tissue/body weight were not significantly different. results obtained by point ...	1997	9199699
effects of diethyl-dithiocarbamate on antioxidant system in carp tissue.	the influence the pro- and antioxidant values the diethyl-dithiocarbamate (ddtc) in different concentrations in carp tissues was studied. from antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathion peroxidase activity changes were studied in tissue homogenates. beside enzyme activities tissue lipid peroxidation (lp), reduced glutathione (gsh) and hydroxyl radical loading of the tissues were measured. our results indicate that ddtc affects antioxidant parameters by generating gsh excess ...	1997	9199696
nitric oxide, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and light/dark adaptation modulate short-wavelength-sensitive synaptic transmission to retinal horizontal cells.	light-induced changes in the input resistance (rin) of external, luminosity (i.e. h1) type horizontal cell (hc) perikarya were studied by the bridge-balance method in light-adapted and dark-adapted retinae of carp. changes in input resistance (delta rin) induced by short-(460 nm) and long-wavelength (674 nm) flashes, adjusted in intensity to elicit equal-amplitude membrane voltage responses (equal-voltage condition), were measured. in light-adapted retinae, long-wavelength stimuli increased rin ...	1997	9089700
contrasting strategies for anoxic brain survival--glycolysis up or down.	anoxia-tolerant turtles and carp (carassius) exhibit contrasting strategies for anoxic brain survival. in the turtle brain, the energy consumption is deeply depressed to the extent of producing a comatose-like state. brain metabolic depression is brought about by activating channel arrest to reduce ion flux and through the release of inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) and the upregulation of gabaa receptors. key glycolytic enzymes are down-regulated during prolonged anoxia. the result is ...	1997	9050250
cdna cloning of myosin heavy chain isoforms from carp fast skeletal muscle and their gene expression associated with temperature acclimation.	we have isolated cdna clones encoding fast skeletal muscle myosin heavy chains of carp acclimated to 10, 20 and 30 degrees c for over 5 weeks. all clones covered at least the full length of l-meromyosin, the c-terminal part of the myosin molecule. nucleotide sequence analysis on cdna clones showed three types of 3' untranslated sequences, demonstrating that carp expresses at least three myosin heavy chain isoforms in fast skeletal muscle in an acclimation-temperature-dependent manner. cdnas were ...	1997	9023993
activity of long-wavelength cones under scotopic conditions in the cyprinid fish danio aequipinnatus.	in carp (cyprinus) and goldfish (carassius), long-wavelength cones are reported to be active under scotopic conditions. using the electroretinogram (erg), we tested another cyprinid fish, danio aequipinnatus, which contains a1-based visual pigments and for which we had previously measured the spectral sensitivities of individual cones. dark adaptation curves show a rod/cone break at about 45 min. when thoroughly dark-adapted, the spectral sensitivity function is broader than can be accounted for ...	1997	9373956
bioconcentration, elimination and metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in carps(cyprinus carpio l.).	bioconcentration curves of 2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-dnt) in carps (whole fish, liver, intestine and muscle) were investigated using semistatic system. for whole fish, its curve could be described as a gentle peak which began with a rise in concentration to summit or steady state, then declined and reached lower level followed by another steady state. for liver and intestine, their curves both contained two successive peaks, with the second peak followed by slight fluctuation. bioconcentration fact ...	1997	9353907
ether lipid composition and molecular species alterations in carp brain (cyprinus carpio l.) during normoxic temperature acclimation.	carp (cyprinus carpio l.) whole brain was used to investigate the thermal acclimation changes under normoxic conditions of three-subclasses (alkenylacyl-, alkylacyl- and diacyl-subclasses) of choline glycerophospholipids (cgp), ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (egp) and inositol glycerophospholipids (igp) as well as their acyl chain profiles and molecular species composition. the alkenylacyl subclass of cgp and igp and the alkylacyl subclass of cgp and egp varied significantly during summer (25 ...	1997	9342730
dual component in receptive field centre of bipolar cells in carp retina.	receptive field centre profiles of depolarizing (on-) and hyperpolarizing (off-) bipolar cells in dark adapted carp retina were determined by using a narrow slit of light. the spatial decline of the photoresponse was found to consist of double exponential function with small and large length constants, about 100 microns and 1 mm, respectively. these were only observed in dark adapted retinae where antagonistic surround responses were not observed. these findings suggest dual sites of electrical ...	1997	9381669
retinoids in eggs and embryos of birds fed fish from the great lakes.	retinoids were analyzed in 11-day chick embryos and eggs from white leghorn hens (gallus domesticus) fed environmentally-derived polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) in carp (cyprinus carpio) from saginaw bay. the yolks and the embryos contained all-trans-retinol, 3,4-didehydroretinol and retinyl esters. there was no significant difference in the total retinoid content in the yolks of 11-day incubated eggs among hens fed for 7 weeks diets containing 0.5-6.6 mg pcb/kg diet. however, the proportional a ...	1997	21781788
gonadotropin alpha-subunit glycoprotein from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and its expression during hormone-induced ovulation.	complementary dna (cdna) encoding the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) gonadotropin (gth) alpha-subunit glycoprotein was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from a plasmid library made from pituitary rna. complete cdna cloning was achieved by carrying out two pcr reactions: one with an upstream sense primer plus the universal sequencing primer, located downstream of the poly(a) sequence of the cdna in the plasmid vector, to amplify the downstream portion of the cdna; the other with a ...	1997	9284560
in vivo and in vitro effects of deltamethrin on cytochrome p450 monooxygenase activity in carp (cyprinus carpio l) liver.	the in vivo and in vitro effects of the insecticide deltamethrin (dm) on hepatic cytochrome p450 (cyt p450) monooxygenase were examined in adult carp. the in vivo experiments were carried out with 0.2 microgram/l dm at 20 degrees c. the changes in the hepatic microsomal cyt p450 content and the cyt p450-dependent monooxygenase activities were studied in dm-treated fish. although there were no changes in the cyt p450 content during the exposure time, after treatment for 24 h all the investigated ...	1997	9269084
rodlet cells in the epidermis of fish exposed to stressors.	rodlet cells (rc) were detected in the epidermis of carp (cyprinus carpio) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to stressors (e.g. acid water, heavy metals, thermal elevation, polluted water of the rhine river, water loaded with organic manure, and distilled water), as well as after wounding. these cells were not found in the epidermis of fish kept under control conditions, thus suggesting that the appearance of rc in the epidermis is stressor-related. immature rc, resembling mucous cells, we ...	1997	18627825
structure and expression of carp mitogen-activated protein kinases homologous to mammalian jnk/sapk.	two distinct stress-activated protein kinase (jnka and b) cdnas were isolated from a carp ovary cdna library. these cdnas contained a full-length open reading frame encoding 427 amino acid residues with a predicted mass of 48.6 kda. the deduced amino acid sequences of jnka and b were 95.8% identical, with 18 residues replaced, and showed a high degree of sequence similarity to mammalian jnk/sapk subgroup including the common dual phosphorylation motif of tpy. by northern blot analysis, the carp ...	1997	9378717
differential scanning calorimetry and cd spectrometry of acclimation temperature-associated types of carp light meromyosin.	differential scanning calorimetry and cd spectrometry were employed to study the thermal unfolding of light meromyosin (lmm) prepared from carp acclimated to different temperatures. the transition temperatures given by the major peaks at ph 8.0 in 0.6 m kcl for lmm from carp acclimated to 10 degrees c were 32.5 and 39.5 degrees c with the calorimetric enthalpies (deltahcal) of 269 and 52 kcal/mol, respectively. lmm from carp acclimated to 20 degrees c exhibited three peaks of transition temperat ...	1997	9230050
effects of extracellular environment on the osmotic signal transduction involved in activation of motility of carp spermatozoa.	the mechanism by which a hypo-osmotic shock activates motility of carp spermatozoa was studied. the direct role of osmolality at the axoneme was investigated after demembranation of spermatozoa with triton x-100 and reactivation in various ionic or anionic solutions containing mg-atp: demembranated spermatozoa remain motile in solutions of osmolality up to 550 mosm kg-1 while non-demembranated spermatozoa are immotile when osmolality rises above 250 mosm kg-1 with the same salt solutions as well ...	1997	9306986
desensitization of the gabaa receptor shifts the dynamic range of retinal horizontal cells due to light and dark adaptation.	the effects of the gabaergic pathway on the dynamic range of the light response of cone-driven horizontal cells (hcs) in the carp retina were investigated using conventional intracellular recordings and computer simulations. the amplitude of the hc responses to repetitive test flashes was altered by background illumination in control ringer's solution, but was not changed following the application of picrotoxin or bicuculline, which suggests that gabaa receptors mediate the subsequent change in ...	1997	9504129
comparative aspects on nitric oxide in brain and its role as a cerebral vasodilator.	histological studies have detected nitric oxide (no) synthase in the central nervous system of all vertebrates examined, from lampreys to mammals. however, there are still very few comparative physiological studies on the function of no synthase in the brain of non-mammalian vertebrates. so far, we know that acetylcholine can cause an no-dependent increase in brain blood flow in turtles and some fish species (crucian carp and rainbow trout), whereas some other fishes appear to lack such a mechan ...	1997	9505413
3-methylcholanthrene-induced erod activity and cytochrome p-450 in immune organs of carp (cyprinus carpio).	in this study, at first, we determined the optimal assay conditions for ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity and cytochrome p450 contents in the liver and two immune organs (spleen and head kidney) of carp. the km values of cytochrome p450 1a activity were identical in the three organs, demonstrating that the enzyme belongs to the same isoform. in a second step, we showed that carp contained endogenous cytochrome p450 and erod activity in two immune organs like in liver. these enzyme activities ...	1997	9490184
purification and characterization of cathepsin l from hepatopancreas of carp cyprinus carpio.	cathepsin l was purified from carp hepatopancreas by a method involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of column chromatographies, in which the enzyme had an affinity toward concanavalin a and cibacron blue f3ga. its homogeneity was established by native-page, but two protein bands corresponding to molecular masses of 30,000 (single chain) and 24,000 (heavy chain) migrated on sds-page. the enzyme exhibited a maximum activity for carbobenzoxy-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-4-methylcoumaryl ...	1997	9467867
anoxic depression of light-evoked potentials in retina and optic tectum of crucian carp.	the crucian carp is an exceptionally anoxia-tolerant vertebrate. for the brain, with its very high rate of atp use, depression of energy use is likely to be an important strategy for anoxic survival. this study shows that the light-evoked response of the retina and the corresponding evoked potential in optic tectum decrease in amplitude by 69 and 75%, respectively, during 38 min of anoxia, and by about 90% after 1 h in anoxia. both responses were restored upon reoxygenation. the length of light ...	1997	9453218
separation of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) thrombocytes by using a monoclonal antibody, and their aggregation by collagen.	a monoclonal antibody against carp peripheral blood leucocytes was produced, and its reactivity analysed by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. the antibody reacted positively with 10-35% of the cells in a fraction of lymphocytes and thrombocytes that was separated by flow cytometry. electron microscopy using immunogold labelling showed that this antibody reacted strongly with thrombocytes, but not with other leucocytes. by using a magnetic separator, leucocytes that were positive and negati ...	1997	9261970
cloning and characterization of pejerrey mitochondrial dna and its application for rflp analysis	probes were cloned, characterized, and developed for all regions of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of pejerrey odontesthes bonariensis to provide the basis for the study of genetic diversity of south american atherinopsinii and to enable species identification from small amounts of tissue. the mtdna was extracted from liver and cleaved with eco ri, producing four fragments (7·4, 3·4, 3·1 and 2·9 kb) which were cloned using puc118 plasmid vectors. sequence analysis from ...	1997	9236099
use of seasonally flooded marshes by fish in a mediterranean wetland: timing and demographic consequences	in the camargue (southern france), movements of fish between a canal and two seasonally flooded marshes were monitored continuously by fish traps for 3 years for one marsh and for 2 years for the other. the timing of the entry and exit of the main species was determined together with species annual demographic balance, defined as the difference between the number of fish leaving and the number of fish entering. only some of the species inhabiting the canal colonized the marshes. except those spe ...	1997	9236092
quantitative distributions of different cholinesterases and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by metidathion and paraquat in alimentary canal of common carp.	1. the cholinesterases play an important role in the innervation of organs. the ratio of solubilized to membrane-bound cholinesterase and the quantitative distributions of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were measured in different segments of the gut of carp (cyprinus carpio) connected with different types of nerve-muscle synapses in different parts of the alimentary tract. 2. the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ec 3.1.1.7.) by the herbicide paraquat and the insecticide metida ...	1997	9195193
effects of chelation on the bioconcentraton of cadmium and copper by carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		1997	9184051
spontaneous formation of intercellular bile canaliculi and hybrid biliary-pancreatic canaliculi in co-culture of hepatocytes and exocrine pancreas cells from carp.	when cultured together in a primary serum-free hormone-free system, hepatocytes and exocrine pancreas cells from the carp, cyprinus carpio, spontaneously establish unique morphological structures that do not occur in vivo. these structures include intercellular bile canaliculi between neighbouring hepatocytes and hybrid canaliculi between hepatocytes and pancreas cells. in vivo, carp hepatocytes form only unicellular bile canaliculi; hybrid canaliculi between hepatocytes and exocrine pancreas ce ...	1997	9182614
off pathway is preferentially suppressed by the activation of gaba(a) receptors in carp retina.	this study examines the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) on the on and off pathways in isolated, superfused carp retina. in most (76%) of amacrine cells bath-applied gaba preferentially suppressed the off response. the effect of gaba was blocked by bicuculline. baclofen did not cause a similar effect. furthermore, gaba produced a substantial suppression of the off bipolar cell response. we conclude that the preferential suppression of the off pathway may be due to a presynaptic inhibitio ...	1997	9219876
conservation of apoptosis as an immune regulatory mechanism: effects of cortisol and cortisone on carp lymphocytes.	this is the first study to show that apoptosis as an immune regulatory mechanism is conserved in fish, demonstrating its importance in maintaining immunological homeostasis. the data further show that this mechanism is subject to control by glucocorticosteroids. carp plasma cortisol concentrations increase from 20 to 434 ng/ml and cortisone from 5 to 50 ng/ml within 9 min of the onset of handling stress. at basal steroid concentrations in vitro, cortisol, but not its conversion product cortisone ...	1997	9299059
structural differences in the crossbridge head of temperature-associated myosin subfragment-1 isoforms from carp fast skeletal muscle.	we determined the primary structures of the three acclimation-temperature-associated isoforms of myosin subfragment-1 heavy chain from fast skeletal muscle of thermally acclimated carp. these isoforms were cloned by extending 5'-regions of cdnas that encode the rod part of myosin heavy chain specifically expressed in 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp, together with the region that encodes an intermediate structure [imai, j., hirayama, y., kikuchi, k., kakinuma, m. & watabe, s. (1997 ...	1997	9208928
melatonin levels in the gastrointestinal tissues of fish, amphibians, and a reptile.	melatonin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the gastrointestinal tract (git) of several species of fish (sturgeon, rainbow trout, carp), amphibians (axolotl, leopard frog, bullfrog), and one reptile (red-sided garter snake), which were sacrificed during the daytime. the highest levels of melatonin were detected in the snake [means = 1018 pg/g stomach, 328 pg/g proximal gut (pg), 511 distal gut (dg)] and carp (means = 102 pg/g stomach, 146 pg/g pg and 141 pg/g dg). lowest levels were found in t ...	1997	9204376
neuroendocrine effects on adrenal hormone secretion in carp (cyprinus carpio).	the responses of interrenal and chromaffin tissues of carp to acetylcholine (ach) and its agonists/antagonists were studied in an in vitro perifusion system of head kidney. there was a dose-dependent release of epinephrine and norepinephrine to ach between 0.01 and 100 mm added for 15 min to the incubation medium. cortisol secretion was also stimulated, but the response peaked at 1.0 mm ach and was attenuated with 10 or 100 mm ach. the maximal release occurred about 30 min after addition of the ...	1997	9204364
purification and cloning of carp nephrosin, a secreted zinc endopeptidase of the astacin family.	we have purified a secreted proteinase of 23 kda from carp head kidney by sequential column chromatography on a reactive blue 72-agarose dye affinity column and an fplc mono-p column. the secretion of this proteinase from carp head kidney can be stimulated by high concentrations of potassium. since the carp proteinase is present mainly in the head kidney, kidney, and spleen (all of which are lymphohematopoietic organs), it is named nephrosin. the carp nephrosin is most sensitive to metal chelato ...	1997	9153232
a second type of rod opsin cdna from the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	a second type of rhodopsin cdna from carp (crh-ii) shared 97.2% polynucleotide identity with the previously reported crh-i. the deduced amino acid sequences of crh-i and crh-ii exhibited 98.6% identity. the key difference between these two types of crh is that valine at position 169 of crh-i was replaced by glutamic acid in crh-ii. southern blot analysis of genomic dna showed that there were two types of crh gene. these two rod opsin genes were proven to be expressed in carp retinas by using rt- ...	1997	9177476
organophosphate effects on antioxidant system of carp (cyprinus carpio) and catfish (ictalurus nebulosus).	the effect of the organophosphate insecticide dichlorvos on antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative and redox parameters of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and catfish (ictalurus nebulosus) were studied. changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and in the case of carp acetylcholinesterase activities were studied in tissue homogenates. other parameters studied: changes of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and the amounts of two radicals, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals ...	1997	9206589
effects of nitric oxide on the horizontal cell network and dopamine release in the carp retina.	in the teleost retina the intercellular messenger nitric oxide can be synthesized by several cell types including cone photoreceptors and h1 horizontal cells, indicating a modulatory role within the outer plexiform layer, the first stage of the visual information processing. therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of nitric oxide on the physiology of cone horizontal cells in the intact retina. the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (0.5-2.5 mm) enhanced the light respo ...	1997	9196728