Publications

a review on the structure-function relationship aspect of polysaccharides from tea materials.	tea (camellia sinensis) has a long history of medicinal use in the world. the chemical components of tea mainly consist of polyphenols (tpp), proteins, polysaccharides (tps), chlorophyll, alkaloids, and so on. great advances have been made in chemical and bioactive studies of catechins and tpp from tea in recent decades. however, the tps from tea materials have received much less consideration than that of tpp. the number of relevant publications on the tps from tea leaves and flowers has increa ...	2015	24915319
aluminium dynamics from soil to tea plant (camellia sinensis l.): is it enhanced by municipal solid waste compost application?	application of municipal solid waste compost (mswc) in tea (camellia sinensis l.) cultivation can increase the fertility status of soils and thus enhance the plant growth. the present study attempts at application of mswc in tea (tv1 and tv23 clones) cultivation to assess the effect of different doses of mswc on growth and translocation potential of al on this plant as well as fate of al in soil, through the calculation of a risk assessment code (rac). the sequential extraction of al in mswc ame ...	2015	25259883
tooth staining potential of experimental amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouth rinse formulations-a randomized crossover forced staining study.	it was the aim to investigate experimental mouth rinses concerning their tooth and tongue staining potential using the standardized short-term forced staining model.	2015	25257686
a natural solution for obesity: bioactives for the prevention and treatment of weight gain. a review.	obesity and obesity-related disorders are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. in this review, we summarize the accumulating studies that have emerged in the last few decades demonstrating that bioactives from different natural sources could potentially have anti-obesity effects.	2015	24621068
green tea (camellia sinensis) alleviates arsenic-induced damages to dna and intestinal tissues in rat and in situ intestinal loop by reinforcing antioxidant system.	this study elucidates the protective role of green tea (camellia sinensis or cs) against arsenic-induced mutagenic dna-breakage/intestinal (small) damages in female rats. intestinal epithelial cells receive ingested arsenic initially. though, the possibility of damages in this tissue is immense and the therapeutic strategies against this damage are of great concern, reports on either issue are scanty. our earlier study on arsenic-exposed human unveils a link between carcinogenesis and mutagenic ...	2015	24615952
serum adiponectin concentration in relation to macronutrient and food intake in young japanese women.	little is known about the relation of modifiable dietary factors to circulating adiponectin concentrations, particularly in young adults and non-western populations. the aim of this study was to determine the association between macronutrient and food intake and serum adiponectin concentration in a group of young japanese women.	2015	24012281
the teratogenicity and the action mechanism of gallic acid relating with brain and cervical muscles.	gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) (ga) and other flavanoids are extensively used in nutraceuticals because of their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. while examining whether ga is effective in alleviating valproic-acid-induced teratogenesis in a chicken embryo model (cem), we observed embryo hemorrhage and liposis in the musculi longissimus cervicis. we conducted this study to determine whether ga is inherently teratogenic and the extent to which the risk can be transferred t ...	2015	26030624
effects of blending wheatgrass juice on enhancing phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of traditional kombucha beverage.	traditional kombucha is a fermented black tea extract and sugar. sweetened black tea (10% w/v) and wheatgrass juice (wgj) were mixed in various ratios and used as fermentation substrate for enhancing phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. starter, comprising of yeast (dekkera bruxellensis) and acetic acid bacteria (gluconacetobacter rhaeticus and gluconobacter roseus), was inoculated at 20% (v/v), and fermented statically at 29 ± 1°c for 12 days. the results showed that the total phenolic ...	2015	28911487
concentrations and solubility of selected trace metals in leaf and bagged black teas commercialized in poland.	the objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in bagged and leaf black teas of the same brand and evaluate the percentage transfer of metals to tea infusion to assess the consumer exposure. ten leaf black teas and 10 bagged black teas of the same brand available in poland were analyzed for zn, mn, cd, pb, ni, co, cr, al, and fe concentrations both in dry material and their infusion. the bagged teas contained higher amounts of pb, mn, fe, ni, al, and cr compared ...	2015	28911707
beverage-induced enhanced bioavailability of carbamazepine and its consequent effect on antiepileptic activity and toxicity.	the present study was undertaken to investigate the food-drug interaction of carbamazepine (cbz). common fruit juices [grapefruit juice (gfj), lime juice (lj)], known to inhibit the enzyme cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4), and some widely consumed beverages [milk (m), black tea (bt)] were involved in this study in the presence of cbz, as might happen during clinical therapy. the effects of the beverages on the pharmacokinetics and drug-induced toxicity of cbz was observed after concomitant administr ...	2015	28911389
development and validation of uhplc-ms/ms method for determination of eight naturally occurring catechin derivatives in various tea samples and the role of matrix effects.	a complete analytical procedure combining optimized tea infusion preparation and validated uhplc-ms/ms method was developed for routine quantification of eight naturally occurring catechin derivatives in various tea samples. the preparation of tea infusions was optimized in terms of temperature, time and water-to-tea ratio in green, white and black teas. the catechins were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in a run of onl ...	2015	26025813
rapid determination of total polyphenolic content in tea samples based on caffeic acid voltammetric behaviour on a disposable graphite electrode.	the present paper describes the voltammetric behaviour and the quantitative determination of caffeic acid (ca) on a disposable pencil graphite electrode (pge). the anodic peak current of ca recorded by differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) varies linearly with ca concentration in the range 1×10(-7)-3×10(-3) m. the detection and quantification limits were 8.83×10(-8) m and 2.94×10(-7) m caffeic acid, respectively. the mean recoveries of ca from turkish green, white and black teas were 98.30%, 99.5 ...	2015	25466125
application of a nanostructured platform and imprinted sol-gel film for determination of chlorogenic acid in food samples.	chlorogenic acid (cga) is a polyphenol derivative that widely exists in higher plants like fruits, vegetables, black teas, and some traditional chinese medicines. in this work, we have proposed a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for detection of cga. the sensor was based on a glassy carbon electrode (gce) modified with a functional platform by grafting vinyltrimethoxysilane (vtms) in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and covered by a molecularly imprinted siloxane (mis) film p ...	2016	27260443
extraction, purification, and partial characterization of a tea metalloprotein and its role in the formation of black tea aroma constituents.		2016	838962
a study on tea aroma formation mechanism: alcoholic aroma precursor amounts and glycosidase activity in parts of the tea plant.	we have shown in molecular basis that alcoholic tea aroma is mainly formed by endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic aroma precursors during manufacturing. amounts of alcoholic aroma precursor and glycosidase activity in each part of the tea shoot (camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv yabukita and a hybrid of var. assamica & var. sinensis cv izumi) were indirectly measured by means of a crude enzyme assay. the aroma precursors were abundant in young leaves and decreased as the leaf aged. gl ...	2016	7546039
[photoprotective properties of melanins from grape (vitis vinifera) and black tea (thea sinensis)].	dark pigments of melanin type were extracted from the rind of ripe grapes vitis vinifera (ring "alfa") and pack tea (thea sinensis). the study of photoprotection activity of the extracted pigments have shown that they intensively absorb radiation in the uv and visible. the increase of the photoprotection effect correlates with the concentration of paramagnetic centers in the melanins. the pigments reduce the number of damaged molecules of plasmid dna pbr-322 and inhibition the iuv-induced lipid ...	2016	11785308
inhibition of xanthine oxidase by catechins from tea (camellia sinensis).	some epidemiological studies have associated tea drinking with several health benefits, while other such studies have been inconclusive. the liver enzyme, xanthine oxidase (xo) produces uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ros) during the catabolism of purines. excess of the former can lead to gout and of the latter to increased oxidative stress, mutagenesis and possibly cancer. polyphenols are antioxidants, and it has been suggested that they can reduce oxidative stress by their antioxidant p ...	2016	9494537
antibacterial and laxative activities of strictinin isolated from pu'er tea (camellia sinensis).	strictinin, the major phenolic compound in pu'er teas produced from young leaves and buds of wild trees, was isolated to evaluate its antibacterial and laxative activities. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of strictinin against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis were determined as 250 μm and 2000 μm, respectively, apparently higher than those of several antibiotics commonly used for bacterial infections. the additive and synergistic effects on the inhibitory activities o ...	2016	28911609
effects of thermocycling and various drinks on the color stability of heat-polymerized acrylic resin.	the discoloration of acrylic resin denture bases may lead to significant esthetic problems. the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of frequently consumed drinks on the color changes of fresh and aged, heat-polymerized, conventional acrylic resin.	2016	28955571
effects of adjacent land-use types on the distribution of soil organic carbon stocks in the montane area of central taiwan.	soil organic carbon (soc) stocks can be altered through reforestation and cropping. we estimated the effects of land use on soc stocks after natural deciduous forests replaced by crops and coniferous plantations by examining the vertical distribution of soc stocks at different depth intervals in an adjacent oolong tea (camellia sinensis l.) plantation, moso bamboo (phyllostachys pubescens) forest, japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica) forest, and taiwania (taiwania cryptomerioides) forest in cen ...	2016	28597442
accumulation of catechins and expression of catechin synthetic genes in camellia sinensis at different developmental stages.	catechins are the main polyphenol compounds in tea (camellia sinensis). to understand the relationship between gene expression and product accumulation, the levels of catechins and relative expressions of key genes in tea leaves of different developmental stages were analyzed.	2016	28597441
antimicrobial properties of teas and their extracts in vitro.	tea has recently received the attention of pharmaceutical and scientific communities due to the plethora of natural therapeutic compounds. as a result, numerous researches have been published in a bid to validate their biological activity. moreover, major attention has been drawn to antimicrobial activities of tea. being rich in phenolic compounds, tea has the preventive potential for colon, esophageal, and lung cancers, as well as urinary infections and dental caries, among others. the venture ...	2016	25675116
thearubigins protect against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal injury in mice: biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometry study.	acetaminophen toxicity is used as a model for studying chemical toxicity. n-acetylcysteine (nac) is used for the treatment of hepatotoxicity; however, there is no specific therapy for nephrotoxicity.	2016	26234406
ameliorating effect of black tea extract on cadmium chloride-induced alteration of serum lipid profile and liver histopathology in rats.	cadmium is one among the most environmental pollutants that affects many organs like kidney, liver and testis. the present study was aimed to assess the simultaneous effects of black tea extracts (bte) on cadmium chloride induced alterations in lipid profile and liver histology. adult rats were divided into four groups (n=6/group), group i (normal saline), group ii (cdcl2, 1.0 mg/kg, b.wt; i.p), group iii (black tea extract, 2.5 gm tea leaf/dl of water that is 2.5% of aqueous bte) and group iv ( ...	2016	25509961
content variation of catechin markers, total phenolics and caffeine in green tea dietary supplements.	green tea (camellia sinensis) preparations are among the top selling products in the united states dietary supplements market. numerous manufacturers claim different levels of specific catechin markers in their products while many others use total phenolic concentration instead, or not at all. limited quality control results have been published for green tea dietary supplements over the past seven years. thus, the goal of this work was to correlate determined levels of phenolics, catechins, and ...	2016	25299974
new ethanol extraction improves the anti-obesity effects of black tea.	black tea has been reported to have anti-obesity effects in both rodents and humans. gallic acid, an active component of black tea, decomposes quickly into pyrogallol in high-temperature solutions. this study introduced a new, aqueous ethanol extraction of black tea, which resulted in extracts with higher concentrations of gallic acid than conventional black tea extracts prepared by hot-water extraction or hot-ethanol extraction. we confirmed that, compared with the hot-water extract of black te ...	2016	26604105
altering the phenolics profile of a green tea leaves extract using exogenous oxidases.	transformation from green tea leaves into black tea involves oxidation of catechins into theaflavins and other complex phenolics by endogenous enzymes in tea leaves. by employing tyrosinase and laccase, both from agaricus bisporus, on green tea catechins, the oxidation process was directed towards a higher theaflavins content, which is considered an important quality parameter in tea. the main tea catechins were incubated with tyrosinase and laccase, and product formation was monitored by rp-uhp ...	2016	26593607
antioxidant activities of distiller dried grains with solubles as protein films containing tea extracts and their application in the packaging of pork meat.	distiller dried grains with solubles (ddgs) as protein (dp) films were prepared. additionally, to prepare anti-oxidant films, green tea extract (gte), oolong tea extract (ote), and black tea extract (bte) were incorporated into the dp films. consequently, the incorporation of the tea extracts did not alter the physical properties of the films much, whereas the antioxidant activities, such as abts and dpph radical scavenging activities were observed. to apply the dp films containing tea extracts ...	2016	26593480
temperature and time of steeping affect the antioxidant properties of white, green, and black tea infusions.	tea (camellia sinensis) is the most highly consumed beverage in the world next to water. the common way of preparation is steeping in hot water which is varying for different type of tea. we investigated the antioxidant properties of 6 type of tea leaves under different time and temperatures of extraction method used. in general, all samples tested in this study demonstrated high levels of antioxidant capacity and antioxidant activity. the results indicate that the antioxidants activity is signi ...	2016	26613545
a bibliometric study of scientific literature in scopus on botanicals for treatment of androgenetic alopecia.	in androgenetic alopecia, a number of botanicals are available that can effectively slow or reduce hair loss and inflammation or stimulate partial hair regrowth. the aim of this study was to provide a descriptive overview of the impact and production of literature on botanicals used for androgenetic alopecia and to perform a citation analysis of the related research articles.	2016	26608588
theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate decreases human ovarian carcinoma ovcar-3 cell-induced angiogenesis via akt and notch-1 pathways, not via mapk pathways.	theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (tf3) is a black tea polyphenol produced from polymerization and oxidization of the green tea ployphenols epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) during fermentation of fresh tea leaves. tf3 has been reported to have anticancer properties. however, the effect of tf3 on tumor angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. in the present study, tf3 was verified to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. compared with egcg, tf3 was more potent. tf3 in ...	2016	26648098
analysis of naturally occurring fluoride in commercial teas and estimation of its daily intake through tea consumption.	the aim of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride in commercial teas and to estimate the contribution of tea consumption to the fluoride recommended daily allowance. a total of 558 tea products in 6 categories, green tea, black tea, oolong tea, pu'er tea, white tea, and reprocessed tea, were collected in the period from 2010 to 2013. the levels of fluoride in infusions of these teas were determined by a fluoride-ion selective electrode. the mean fluoride level in all of the tea sampl ...	2016	26647101
identification and expression profiling of the auxin response factors (arfs) in the tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) under various abiotic stresses.	auxin response factor (arf) proteins are a multigene family of regulators involved in various physiological and developmental processes in plants. however, their modes of action in the tea plant (camellia sinensis) remain largely unknown. in this study, we identified 15 members of the tea arf gene family, using the public information about c. sinensis, both in our laboratory, as well as in other laboratories, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, conserved domains and the compositions o ...	2016	26637949
effect of resin and photoinitiator on color, translucency and color stability of conventional and low-shrinkage model composites.	to study the effect of a low-shrinkage methacrylate monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator on color, translucency, and color stability of model resin-based composites (rbcs).	2016	26743968
anion channel inhibitor nppb-inhibited fluoride accumulation in tea plant (camellia sinensis) is related to the regulation of ca²⁺, cam and depolarization of plasma membrane potential.	tea plant is known to be a hyper-accumulator of fluoride (f). over-intake of f has been shown to have adverse effects on human health, e.g., dental fluorosis. thus, understanding the mechanisms fluoride accumulation and developing potential approaches to decrease f uptake in tea plants might be beneficial for human health. in the present study, we found that pretreatment with the anion channel inhibitor nppb reduced f accumulation in tea plants. simultaneously, we observed that nppb triggered ca ...	2016	26742036
in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of limonium algarvense flowers' infusions and decoctions: a comparison with green tea (camellia sinensis).	this work reports the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity of infusions and decoctions of limonium algarvense flowers, and green tea. the total contents in different phenolic groups and the quantification of individual phenolics by hplc are also reported. l. algarvense and green tea had similar antioxidant properties, except for hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, higher on green tea, and iron chelating potential, higher on l. algarvense. the later species also ha ...	2016	26830595
healing mechanisms of the hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of green tea (camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze) on chronic gastric ulcers.	green tea is an infusion of unfermented leaves of camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (theaceae), traditionally used for the treatment of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and gastric complaints. this study evaluated the mechanisms involved in the gastric ulcer healing of the hydroalcoholic extract from green tea (get), its ethyl acetate fraction, (geac) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) using the model of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. the chronic gastric ulcer was induced by application o ...	2016	26715119
time series changes in radiocaesium distribution in tea plants (camellia sinensis (l.)) after the fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident.	radiocaesium ((134)cs and (137)cs) release following the accident at the fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant, belonging to the tokyo electric power company caused severe contamination of new tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.)) shoots by radiocaesium in many prefectures in eastern japan. because tea plants are perennial crops, there is the fear that the contamination might last for a long time. the objectives of this study were to reveal time series changes in the distribution of radiocaesium i ...	2016	26695880
effect of black tea consumption on intracellular cytokines, regulatory t cells and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients.	the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of black tea intake on inflammatory cytokines and metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). thirty patients with t2dm were randomly assigned either to a high intake (hi) group, consuming three cups (600 ml) of black tea per day; and a low intake (li) group, administered 1 cup (200 ml) per day, each during a 12-week period. intracellular cytokine expression, regulatory t cells (treg), glycemic and lipid profiles were measured ...	2016	26692322
extraction and free radical scavenging activity of polysaccharide from 'anji baicha' (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze).	in this study, the optimization of the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from 'anji baicha' (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) (ap) was investigated by response surface methodology (rsm). three main independent variables (extraction temperature, time, ratio of water to raw material) were taken into consideration. and then the free radical scavenging activities of the sample were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. the rsm analysis showed good corr ...	2016	26691382
stereochemistry of the black tea pigments theacitrins a and c.	theacitrins a-c are yellow pigments of black tea that are produced by oxidative coupling of gallocatechins, i.e., flavan-3-ols with pyrogallol-type b-rings. however, their stereostructures have not yet been determined. in this study, dft calculations of nmr chemical shifts of theacitrin c (1) and tddft calculations of the ecd spectra of theacitrinin a (5), a degradation product of theacitrin c (1), were used to determine the stereostructure of the theacitrins. furthermore, the preparation of the ...	2016	26689950
a pilot study testing a natural and a synthetic molluscicide for controlling invasive apple snails (pomacea maculata).	pomacea maculata (formerly p. insularum), an apple snail native to south america, was discovered in louisiana in 2008. these snails strip vegetation, reproduce at tremendous rates, and have reduced rice production and caused ecosystem changes in asia. in this pilot study snails were exposed to two molluscicides, a tea (camellia sinensis) seed derivative (tsd) or niclosamide monohydrate (pestanal(®), 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, cas #73360-56-2). mortality was recorded after exposure to ...	2016	26687501
evaluation of trace metal and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in tea brands of different origin commercialized in italy.	the objectives of this study were to investigate the trace element (hg, cd, pb, cu, zn, ni, fe, cr and se) and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcbs) content of several commercially available brands of green and black tea marketed in italy. the concentrations these chemicals were found to be variable and largely dependent upon the type and brand of analysed tea. the most abundant element among the essential elements was fe, followed by zn, cu, se, ni and cr, whereas pb was the predominant among the tes ...	2016	26683308
al(3+) -promoted fluoride accumulation in tea plants (camellia sinensis) was inhibited by an anion channel inhibitor dids.	generally, tea plants are grown in acid soil which is rich in aluminum (al) and fluoride (f). a recent publication showed that pretreatment with al(3+) promoted f accumulation in tea plants by increasing endogenous ca(2+) and calmodulin (cam). a high level of f in tea leaves not only impairs tea quality but also might pose a health risk for people drinking tea regularly. therefore it is important to try to find some clues which might be beneficial in controlling f accumulation in tea plants grow ...	2016	26777729
lifestyle factors and risk of leukemia and non-hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study.	risk factors for leukemia and lymphomas in adults are largely unknown. this study was aimed at evaluating the association between lifestyle factors and the risk of hematological malignancies in an adult population.	2016	26759332
effect of cinnamon, cardamom, saffron and ginger consumption on blood pressure and a marker of endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial.	herbal medicines with high amounts of phytochemicals have been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure (bp), endothelial function and anthropometric measures. this study aimed to determine the effect of herbal treatment on bp, endothelial function and anthropometric measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). this clinical trial included 204 t2dm patients randomly assigned to four intervention groups receiving 3 g cinnamon, 3 g cardamom, 1 g saffron or 3 g ginger with t ...	2016	26758574
selection of suitable reference genes for qrt-pcr normalization during leaf development and hormonal stimuli in tea plant (camellia sinensis).	tea plant (camellia sinensis) leaf is an important non-alcoholic beverage resource. the application of quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) has a profound significance for the gene expression studies of tea plant, especially when applied to tea leaf development and metabolism. in this study, nine candidate reference genes (i.e., csact7, csef-1α, cseif-4α, csgapdh, cspp2a, cssand, cstbp, cstip41, and cstub) of c. sinensis were cloned. the quantitative expression data of thes ...	2016	26813576
characteristic fluctuations in glycosidically bound volatiles during tea processing and identification of their unstable derivatives.	a recently developed method enabled us to simultaneously characterize and quantitate glycosidically bound volatiles (gbvs) at picomole levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms). on the basis of the analytical data it is possible to screen tea varieties most suitable for black tea processing, in which higher concentrations of primeverosides accumulate. the primeverosides decreased at the rolling step in black tea processing, whereas the glucopyranosides did not change much. the ...	2016	26805704
pu-erh tea extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance by modulating hepatic il-6/stat3 signaling in mice.	pu-erh tea, made from the leaves of camellia sinensis, possesses activities beneficial for human health, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-obesity properties.	2016	26794005
synergistic application of black tea extracts and lactic acid bacteria in protecting human colonocytes against oxidative damage.	in view of the potential of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to enhance the antioxidant activity of food products, this work explored the effectiveness of lab fermented black tea samples in alleviating h2o2-induced oxidative stress in human colonocytes. the antioxidant capacity of tea samples was evaluated in terms of cyto-protectiveness, mitochondria membrane potential (δψm)-stabilizing activity, ros-inhibitory effect, and antioxidant enzyme-modulating activity. the effect on oxidative dna damage and ...	2016	26790920
transcriptomic analysis of tea plant responding to drought stress and recovery.	tea plant (camellia sinensis) is an economically important beverage crop. drought stress (ds) seriously limits the growth and development of tea plant, thus affecting crop yield and quality. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of tea plant responding to ds, we performed transcriptomic analysis of tea plant during the three stages [control (ck) and during ds, and recovery (rc) after ds] using rna sequencing (rna-seq). totally 378.08 million high-quality trimmed reads were obtained and assembled ...	2016	26788738
evaluation of seven different drying treatments in respect to total flavonoid, phenolic, vitamin c content, chlorophyll, antioxidant activity and color of green tea (camellia sinensis or c. assamica) leaves.	the effect of seven drying treatments (sun, shade, oven 60 °c, oven 80 °c, oven 100 °c, microwave and freeze-drying) were evaluated with respect total flavonoid (tfc), phenolic (tpc), antioxidant activity, vitamin c and color characteristics of green tea. in general, drying increased antioxidant activity, tpc, tfc and chlorophyll content, while it led to a decrease in vitamin c. the highest tpc (209.17 mg gallic acid/gdw) and tfc (38.18 mg quercitin/gdw) were obtained in oven drying at 60 and 10 ...	2016	26787992
molecular evidence for multiple phylogenetic groups within two species of invasive spiny whiteflies and their parasitoid wasp.	the invasive orange spiny whitefly (osw) aleurocanthus spiniferus has extended its distribution to non-native areas since the early 20th century. in a similar manner, the invasive tea spiny whitefly (tsw) a. camelliae has been expanding over east asia in recent decades. in this study, the genetic diversity of osw and tsw and of their important parasitoid wasp encarsia smithi was investigated in china and japan to enable more efficient biological control policies. we detected two phylogenetic gro ...	2016	26782948
application of l-cystine modified zeolite for preconcentration and determination of ultra-trace levels of cadmium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.	a very convenient, sensitive and precise solid phase extraction (spe) system was developed for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace of cadmium ion in water and plant samples. this method was based on the retention of cadmium(ii) ions by l-cystine adsorbed in y-zeolite and carry out in a packed mini-column. the retained cadmium ions then were eluted and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the scanning electron microscopy (sem), powder x-ray diffraction (xrd) and fourier tra ...	2016	26852265
inhibitory effects of the four main theaflavin derivatives found in black tea on ovarian cancer cells.	some polyphenols induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis. consumption of black tea, rich in polyphenols, has been found to reduce ovarian cancer risk. theaflavin (tf1), theaflavin-3-gallate (tf2a), theaflavin-3'-gallate (tf2b) and theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (tf3) are four main theaflavin derivatives found in black tea.	2016	26851019
acute effects of theanine, caffeine and theanine-caffeine combination on attention.	l-theanine is a constituent of tea which is claimed to enhance cognitive functions. we aimed to determine whether theanine and theanine-caffeine combination have acute positive effects on cognitive and neurophysiological measures of attention, compared to caffeine (a positive control) and a placebo in healthy individuals.	2016	26869148
chemical characterization of heteropolysaccharides from green and black teas (camellia sinensis) and their anti-ulcer effect.	in order to obtain polysaccharides from green and black teas (camellia sinensis), commercial leaves were submitted to infusion and then to alkaline extraction. the extracts were fractionated by freeze-thawing process, giving insoluble and soluble fractions. complex arabinogalactan protein from the soluble fractions of both teas (gtps and btps) were determined by methylation analysis and (1)h/(13)c-hsqc spectroscopy, showing a main chain of (1→3)-β-galp, substituted at o-6 by (1→6)-linked β-galp ...	2016	26861826
development of caps markers to identify indian tea (camellia sinensis) clones with high catechin content.	tea leaves are rich in plant secondary phenolics, especially flavonoids. catechins are considered to be the most valuable flavonoids, and the catechin content in tea is an important trait for determining its quality. we have developed cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps)-based markers for evaluating total catechin content that target two important secondary metabolite pathway genes, pal (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and chs (chalcone synthase). catechin content levels in the tea samples ...	2016	27323162
subcellular localization of galloylated catechins in tea plants [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] assessed via immunohistochemistry.	galloylated catechins, as the main secondary metabolites in the tea plant, including (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, comprise approximately three-quarters of all the tea plant catechins and have stronger effects than non-galloylated catechins, both on the product quality in tea processing and the pharmacological efficacy to human beings. the subcellular localization of galloylated catechins has been the primary focus of studies that assess biosynthesis and physiolog ...	2016	27303422
principles of biomedical agriculture applied to the plant family theaceae to identify novel interventions for cancer prevention and control.	plant materials from the family theaceae have been used for over a thousand years as integral components within the food systems of many globally distributed cultures and to treat a variety of human ailments. these markedly different uses remain of considerable interest in the 21st century. this perspective draws heavily from the agricultural and biomedical literature published using plant materials from the genus camellia. our objective is to provide a rationale and framework for broadening the ...	2016	27011038
investigation of free amino acid, total phenolics, antioxidant activity and purine alkaloids to assess the health properties of non-camellia tea.	to find novel functional beverages from folk teas, 33 species of frequently used non-camellia tea (plants other than camellia) were collected and compared with camellia tea (green tea, pu-erh tea and black tea) for the first time. data are reported here on the quantities of 20 free amino acids (faas) and three purine alkaloids (measured by uhplc), total polyphenols (measured by folin-ciocalteu assay), and antioxidant activity (dpph). the total amounts of faas in non-camellia tea (0.62-18.99 mg/g ...	2016	27006902
rapid and direct volatile compound profiling of black and green teas (camellia sinensis) from different countries with ptr-tof-ms.	volatile profiles of 63 black and 38 green teas from different countries were analysed with proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ptr-tof-ms) both for tea leaves and tea infusion. the headspace volatile fingerprints were collected and the tea classes and geographical origins were tracked with pattern recognition techniques. the high mass resolution achieved by tof mass analyser provided determination of sum formula and tentative identifications of the mass peaks. the results ...	2016	26992494
lc-dad-esi-ms/ms characterization of phenolic constituents in turkish black tea: effect of infusion time and temperature.	the influence of different infusion times and temperatures on phenolic, antioxidant, and color properties of black teas (camellia sinensis l.) was investigated in the present study. the teas were prepared using infusion times of 3, 6, and 10min at 80 and 100°c. liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (lc-dad-esi-ms/ms), whereby the two purine alkaloids were detected using positive esi, and the other 33 phenolic compounds were de ...	2016	26988497
contents and compositions of policosanols in green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves.	policosanol (pc) is a mixture of health promoting bioactive long-chain aliphatic alcohols. here, we report that green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves are the exceptionally rich plant-sources of pc. young and tender leaves and old and turf leaves of c. sinensis were hand-picked in spring and autumn. the total contents of pc in the leaves were in the range of 726.2-1363.6mg/kg as determined by a gc-ms/ms. the compositions of pc in the leaves were different with harvest season and types. the total c ...	2016	26988480
evaluation of safety and antioxidant activity of yellow tea (camellia sinensis) extract for application in food.	the article presents an evaluation of the safety of yellow tea (camellia sinensis) extract consumption and its antioxidant activity in an animal model. wistar rats were exposed through diet to 2, 6, and 10 g yellow tea extract/kg feed for 90 days. no signs of toxicity and no differences in mean body weight gain in the treated and control rats were recorded throughout the experiment. no statistically significant differences in hematology findings and clinical chemistry parameters were observed be ...	2016	26987026
cssad: a fatty acid desaturase gene involved in abiotic resistance in camellia sinensis (l.).	tea (camellia sinensis l.) is a thermophilic evergreen woody plant that has poor cold tolerance. the sad gene plays a key role in regulating fatty acid synthesis and membrane lipid fluidity in response to temperature change. in this study, full-length sad cdna was cloned from tea leaves using rapid amplification of cdna ends and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based methods. sequence analysis demonstrated that cssad had a high similarity to other corresponding cdnas. at 25°c, the cssad transcrip ...	2016	26985937
antioxidant and antifungal activities of camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze leaves obtained by different forms of production.	the antioxidant and anticandidal activities of leaves obtained from camellia sinensis by non-fermentation (green and white teas), semi-fermentation (red tea) and fermentation method (black tea) were investigated. it was evaluated the total phenolic content by folin-ciocalteau assay; antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro using dpph and abts radicals, hypochlorous acid and superoxide anion scavenger assays, induced hemolysis, lipid peroxidation by conjugated diene formation and myeloperox ...	2016	26983085
understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by dietary phytochemicals: from experimental models to clinical trials.	chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. this compilation ...	2016	26981198
recent advances in volatiles of teas.	volatile compounds are important components of tea aroma, a key attribute of sensory quality. the present review examines the formation of aromatic volatiles of various kinds of teas and factors influencing the formation of tea volatiles, including tea cultivar, growing environment and agronomic practices, processing method and storage of tea. the determination of tea volatiles and the relationship of active-aroma volatiles with the sensory qualities of tea are also discussed in the present pape ...	2016	26978340
quantitative analysis of major phytochemicals in orthodox tea (camellia sinensis), oxidized under compressed air environment.	this study describes major changes in phytochemical composition of orthodox tea (camellia sinensis var. assamica) oxidized under compressed air (ca). the experiments for oxidation were conducted under air pressure (101, 202, and 303 kpa) for 150 min. relative change in the concentrations of caffeine, catechins, theaflavins (tf), and thearubigins (tr) were analyzed. effect of ca pressure was found to be nonsignificant in regulating caffeine concentration during oxidation. but degradation in diffe ...	2016	26970442
genetic divergence between camellia sinensis and its wild relatives revealed via genome-wide snps from rad sequencing.	tea is one of the most popular beverages across the world and is made exclusively from cultivars of camellia sinensis. many wild relatives of the genus camellia that are closely related to c. sinensis are native to southwest china. in this study, we first identified the distinct genetic divergence between c. sinensis and its wild relatives and provided a glimpse into the artificial selection of tea plants at a genome-wide level by analyzing 15,444 genomic snps that were identified from 18 cultiv ...	2016	26962860
adverse effects of plant food supplements and plants consumed as food: results from the poisons centres-based plantlibra study.	plant food supplements (pfs) are products of increasing popularity and wide-spread distribution. nevertheless, information about their risks is limited. to fill this gap, a poisons centres-based study was performed as part of the eu project plantlibra. multicentre retrospective review of data from selected european and brazilian poisons centres, involving human cases of adverse effects due to plants consumed as food or as ingredients of food supplements recorded between 2006 and 2010. ten poison ...	2016	26948409
identification of udp-glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of astringent taste compounds in tea (camellia sinensis).	galloylated catechins and flavonol 3-o-glycosides are characteristic astringent taste compounds in tea (camellia sinensis). the mechanism involved in the formation of these metabolites remains unknown in tea plants. in this paper, 178 ugt genes (csugts) were identified inc. sinensis based on an analysis of tea transcriptome data. phylogenetic analysis revealed that 132 of these genes were clustered into 15 previously established phylogenetic groups (a to m, o and p) and a newly identified group ...	2016	26941235
quantification of flavonol glycosides in camellia sinensis by mrm mode of uplc-qqq-ms/ms.	phenolic compounds are major components of tea flavour, in which catechins and flavonol glycosides play important roles in the astringent taste of tea infusion. however, the flavonol glycosides are difficult to quantify because of the large variety, as well as the inefficient seperation on chromatography. in this paper, a total of 15 flavonol glycosides in the tea plant (camellia sinensis) were identified by the high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled to a time-of-flight mass spect ...	2016	26937589
adverse effects of plant food supplements self-reported by consumers in the plantlibra survey involving six european countries.	the use of food supplements containing botanicals is increasing in european markets. although intended to maintain the health status, several cases of adverse effects to plant food supplements (pfs) have been described.	2016	26928206
risk assessment of fluoride intake from tea in the republic of ireland and its implications for public health and water fluoridation.	the republic of ireland (roi) is the only european country with a mandatory national legislation requiring artificial fluoridation of drinking water and has the highest per capita consumption of black tea in the world. tea is a hyperaccumulator of fluoride and chronic fluoride intake is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. in this study, fifty four brands of the commercially available black tea bag products were purchased and the fluoride level in tea infusions tested by an ion-sel ...	2016	26927146
structure determination of novel oxidation products from epicatechin: thearubigin-like molecules.	following the oxidation of epicatechin (ec), three novel compounds and two known compounds were isolated. the chemical structures of these oxidation products were determined by mass spectrometry (ms) and various nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) experiments, and the a-ring-b-ring linkage that is characteristic of catechin was found in each molecule. three compounds showed similar ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) spectra to ec, whereas two compounds showed different spectral absorption in the region b ...	2016	26927046
green tea compound epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (egcg) increases neuronal survival in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro.	epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (egcg), found in the leaves of camellia sinensis (green tea), has antioxidant- and scavenger-functions and acts neuroprotectively. it has been publicized as anti-aging remedy but data on potential cellular mechanisms are scarce. recent studies claimed that egcg specifically promotes neural precursor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of c57bl/6 mice, without changes at the level of immature and mature new neurons. we here analyzed the effects of egcg on adult hip ...	2016	26917271
allergic contact dermatitis to substitute hair dyes in a patient allergic to para-phenylenediamine: pure henna, black tea and indigo powder.	we report a case of a 50-year-old lady with allergic contact dermatitis to para-phenylenediamine, who in her quest to find a substitute hair dye, subsequently reacted to a number of plant-based hair dyes, including pure henna, black tea and indigo powder respectively. while these substances all contain tannins, testing to possible constituents tannic acid and gallic acid was negative.	2016	26916211
the single and synergistic effects of the major tea components caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and l-theanine on rat sperm viability.	caffeine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and l-theanine are the major components of tea (camellia sinensis l.) and the main representatives of the classes of methylxanthines, catechins and free amino acids present in this beverage. there are many studies reporting tea's health benefits, however it is not clear if those effects are mediated by a single component or a synergistic action. this study aimed to evaluate the individual and synergistic effects of tea's major components on rat epididy ...	2016	26902467
determination of heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and in fresh and processed tea leaves: an evaluation of six digestion methods.	the aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (cd), chromium (cr), lead (pb), arsenic (as) and selenium (se) in (1) fresh tea leaves, (2) processed (black) tea leaves and (3) soils from tea plantations originating from bangladesh.	2016	26900397
aluminum induced metabolic responses in two tea cultivars.	tea [camellia sinensis (l.)], is an aluminum (al(3+)) hyperaccumulator plant and grows well in acid soils. in the present study, roots of two tea cultivars, jhc and ys were treated with different concentrations of al(3+). after treatments, the root length, dry matter, root activity and chlorophyll content (spad value) of jhc had greater increase than that of ys. we also detected metabolic changes of two varieties using gc-ms method. comparison between two cultivars indicated that shikimic pathwa ...	2016	26895429
synthesis and application of a nanoporous ion-imprinted polymer for the separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of vanadium from food samples before determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.	a vanadium ion-imprinted polymer was synthesized in the presence of v(v) and n-benzoyl-n-phenyl hydroxyl amine using 4-vinyl pyridine as the monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross linker and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator. the imprinted v(v) ions were completely removed by leaching the polymer with 5 mol/l nitric acid, and the polymer structure was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. the ion-imprinted polymer wa ...	2016	26891590
fecal lipid excretion after consumption of a black tea polyphenol containing beverage-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study.	obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide. inhibition of lipid absorption is very important in preventing obesity. in a previous study, we found that postprandial elevation of triacylglycerol was suppressed by the intake of black tea polyphenol (btp). we also reported that btp caused lipid excretion into feces in an animal study. the present study is a clinical trial that examined lipid excretion. in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, in the first test per ...	2016	26887502
a case of hepatotoxicity related to kombucha tea consumption.	the use of herbal and dietary supplements (hdss) is widespread and growing due to the popular notion that these products are of natural origins and safe. kombucha (or "mushroom") tea is one hds that is consumed by people for various perceived health benefits. kombucha tea is a well-known health beverage made by fermenting sweet black tea with a round, flat, gray fungus for a week or longer. there is concern, however, from the evidence of a few case reports currently available, that it may pose l ...	2016	26882579
absolute quantification of micrornas in green tea (camellia sinensis) by stem-loop quantitative real-time pcr.	there are some studies to show that food-derived plant micrornas (mirnas) may be detected in mammals. the research evidence has provoked a considerable debate whether plant-derived mirnas exert the same regulatory functions as endogenous animal mirnas. to test the hypothesis, methods of highly sensitive absolute quantification mirnas have been developed. however, absolute mirna quantification of green tea has not yet been reported. this study is the first to build an absolute quantification meth ...	2016	27861949
colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents.	the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the colour stabilities of three types of orthodontic clear aligners exposed to staining agents in vitro. sixty clear orthodontic aligners produced by three manufacturers (invisalign, angelalign, and smartee) were immersed in three staining solutions (coffee, black tea, and red wine) and one control solution (distilled water). after 12-h and 7-day immersions, the aligners were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner and measured with a colourimeter. the c ...	2016	27660048
soil fluoride fractions and their bioavailability to tea plants (camellia sinensis l.).	drinking teas containing high fluoride (f) imposes fluorosis risk. the soil f bioavailability is an important factor influencing its uptake and contents in teas. the present work was conducted to investigate f fractions in soil and their bioavailability to tea plants. tea seedlings were cultivated on 6 typical soils treated with a mixture consisting of dolomite, lime, peat and kcl at variable rates in the pot experiment. soils and young shoots were collected in pairs from 63 sites of 21 plantati ...	2016	27591762
multivariate data reduction and discrimination of black and green teas due to the physical fractionation pattern of selected metals determined in their infusions.	an analytical scheme for the physical fractionation of al, ba, ca, cr, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, na, ni, sr and zn in black and green teas infusions was proposed. it was based on the ultrafiltration/centrifugation through five membranes having molecular weight cut-offs of 100, 50, 30, 10 and 5kda. the concentrations of the studied metals in the highest and the lowest molecular weight fractions were found to classify and discriminate the analyzed teas infusions much better than the total metals concentr ...	2016	27591619
simultaneous determination of eight catechins and four theaflavins in green, black and oolong tea using new hplc-ms-ms method.	a simple, rapid and accurate analytical method was developed for the analysis of eight tea catechins and four theaflavins simultaneously in three types of tea (green, black and oolong tea), using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms-ms) in multiple-reaction monitoring (mrm) mode. this method using hplc-ms-ms in positive mode was performed on a capcell pak c18 mgiii (2.0mm×100mm, 3μm) column (shiseido) with the mobile phase ...	2016	27589031
purple foliage coloration in tea (camellia sinensis l.) arises from activation of the r2r3-myb transcription factor csan1.	purple foliage always appears in camellia sinensis families; however, the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is unknown. the tea bud sport cultivar 'zijuan' confers an abnormal pattern of anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in a mutant phenotype that has a striking purple color in young foliage and in the stem. in this study, we aimed to unravel the underlying molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthetic regulation in c. sinensis. our results revealed that activation of th ...	2016	27581206
spectroscopic fingerprint of tea varieties by surface enhanced raman spectroscopy.	the fingerprinting method is generally performed to determine specific molecules or the behavior of specific molecular bonds in the desired sample content. a novel, robust and simple method based on surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) was developed to obtain the full spectrum of tea varieties for detection of the purity of the samples based on the type of processing and cultivation. for this purpose, the fingerprint of seven different varieties of tea samples (herbal tea (rose hip, chamom ...	2016	27570296
the odorant (r)-citronellal attenuates caffeine bitterness by inhibiting the bitter receptors tas2r43 and tas2r46.	sensory studies showed the volatile fraction of lemon grass and its main constituent, the odor-active citronellal, to significantly decrease the perceived bitterness of a black tea infusion as well as caffeine solutions. seven citronellal-related derivatives were synthesized and shown to inhibit the perceived bitterness of caffeine in a structure-dependent manner. the aldehyde function at carbon 1, the (r)-configuration of the methyl-branched carbon 3, and a hydrophobic carbon chain were found t ...	2016	27569025
anti-adenovirus activity, antioxidant potential, and phenolic content of black tea (camellia sinensis kuntze) extract.	backgroundadenovirus (adv) causes a number of diseases in human, and to date, no specific antiviral therapy is approved against this virus. thus, searching for effective anti-adv agents seems to be an urgent requirement. many studies have shown that components derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-adv activity and also antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of black tea (camellia sinensis) crude extract ...	2016	27567600
elucidation of differential accumulation of 1-phenylethanol in flowers and leaves of tea (camellia sinensis) plants.	1-phenylethanol (1pe) is a major aromatic volatile in tea (camellia sinensis) flowers, whereas it occurs in a much smaller amounts in leaves. enzymes involved in the formation of 1pe in plants and the reason why 1pe differentially accumulates in plants is unknown. in the present study, enzymes in the last step leading from acetophenone to 1pe were isolated from tea flowers by traditional biochemical chromatography. the two types of partially purified enzymes were proposed to be responsible for f ...	2016	27563859
isolation and dynamic expression of four genes involving in shikimic acid pathway in camellia sinensis 'baicha 1' during periodic albinism.	flavonoids are the main flavor components and functional ingredients in tea, and the shikimic acid pathway is considered as one of the most important pathways in flavonoid biosynthesis, but little was known about the function of regulatory genes in the metabolism phenolic compounds in tea plant (camellia sinensis), especially related genes in shikimic acid pathway. the dynamic changes of catechin (predominant flavonoid) contents were analyzed in this study, and four genes (csppt, csdahps, cssdh ...	2016	27553670
impact of polyphenol-rich sources on acute postprandial glycaemia: a systematic review.	increasingly, evidence suggests a role for polyphenols in blood glucose control. the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of polyphenol-rich sources in combination with carbohydrate sources on resulting postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses. a literature search was conducted using medline, cinhal and web of science databases. selected studies included randomised controlled trials in which the association of polyphenol-containing food or beverage consumption with ...	2016	27547387
nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics investigation of glycosylated secondary metabolites in tea (camellia sinensis l.) based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.	glycosylation on small molecular metabolites modulates a series of biological events in plants. however, a large number of glycosides have not been discovered and investigated using -omics approaches. here, a general strategy named "nontargeted modification-specific metabolomics" was applied to map the glycosylation of metabolites. the key aspect of this method is to adopt in-source collision-induced dissociation to dissociate the glycosylated metabolite, causing a characteristic neutral loss pa ...	2016	27541009
identification of the invertase gene family (invs) in tea plant and their expression analysis under abiotic stress.	fourteen invertase genes were identified in the tea plant, all of which were shown to participate in regulating growth and development, as well as in responding to various abiotic stresses. invertase (inv) can hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and fructose, which plays a principal role in regulating plant growth and development as well as the plants response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. however, currently, there is a lack of reported information, regarding the roles of invs in either tea ...	2016	27538912
immobilized tannase treatment alters polyphenolic composition in teas and their potential anti-obesity and hypoglycemic activities in vitro.	the aim of this work was to assess the effect of immobilized-tannase treatment on black, green, white and mate tea components and on their bioactivities relevant to obesity. tannase treatment caused predictable changes in polyphenol composition with substantial reduction in galloylated catechins in green, white and black tea. mate tea, which is rich in chlorogenic acids, was much less affected by tannase treatment although some degradation of caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives was noted. the origi ...	2016	27528497