Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| lepromin conversion induced by a 'sub-unit' vaccine from icrc bacilli. | 1988 | 3071521 | |
| particular matrix for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of phenolic glycolipid antigens isolated from pathogen mycobacteria. | phenolic glycolipids play a key role as an antigenic probe for serodiagnosis of some human pathogen mycobacterial infections. the lipidic part which corresponds to a phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosate molecule, and the presence of partial o-methylated sugars, confer a high hydrophobicity to this kind of molecule. fast atom bombardment (fab) mass spectrometric analysis with standard matrices such as glycerol or thioglycerol was unsuccessful. using a new matrix--monobutyltriethylene glycol--fab anal ... | 1988 | 3072032 |
| monitoring of bacterial drug response by mass spectrometry of single cells. | the application of the laser microprobe mass analyser lamma 500 to the solution of problems in the field of microbiology is reported. the special features of this instrument allow the analysis of single bacterial cells, and questions can be answered which are not accessible to the normally applied integral methods. thus it is possible to establish distributions of, for instance, elemental concentrations within a bacterial population and of correlations between measured characteristics of a bacte ... | 1988 | 3072034 |
| dermal characteristics of the hereditary hairless-athymic mouse and the multiplication at early stage of mycobacterium leprae inoculated into the right hind foot. | 1988 | 3072329 | |
| [epidemiological immunological studies on leprosy in okinawa. iii. reactivity to the standard and diluted lepromins of leprosy patients in the mainland and okinawa]. | 1988 | 3072330 | |
| mucosal immunity to mycobacteria in leprosy patients and their contacts. | 1988 | 3072455 | |
| use of soluble antigens in leprosy epidemiology. | 1988 | 3072456 | |
| a concentration method for detection and quantitation of bacillaemia in leprosy and its comparison with other techniques. | 1988 | 3072457 | |
| slit-skin smears from the fingers in leprosy. | 1988 | 3072458 | |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of macrolides against mycobacterium leprae. | we previously demonstrated the potent in vitro activity of erythromycin against mycobacterium leprae as determined by its effect on atp pools and rates of palmitate oxidation and phenolic glycolipid i synthesis. in the present study, the relative in vitro activities of a number of new macrolides with superior pharmacokinetic properties were assessed. in addition, for the most active compounds, concentrations in serum were determined by bioassay during continuous administration in the feed of mic ... | 1988 | 3072920 |
| the effects of chemotherapy on antibody levels in lepromatous patients. | 1988 | 3073284 | |
| the influence of antimycobacterial chemotherapy on delayed hypersensitivity skin-test reactions in leprosy patients. | 1988 | 3073285 | |
| rifampicin monotherapy in paucibacillary leprosy. | 1988 | 3073286 | |
| inefficacy of thalidomide on rat adjuvant-induced arthritis and lack of arthrogenicity of hansen bacilli. | 1988 | 3074967 | |
| demonstration of acid fast bacilli in the circulating immune complex of leprosy cases and contacts. | 1988 | 3075597 | |
| correlation of in vitro fc receptor assay with in vivo mouse foot pad method. | resistant strains of m. leprae have been reported to the various antileprosy drugs. there is currently no accepted test to identify the susceptibility pattern of m. leprae to the drugs in a short period. the only accepted test is the mouse foot method which takes a long period to yield results. the fc receptor assay using the ability of viable m. leprae to alter the membrane of the macrophage is well established. it takes only ten days and is inexpensive. in 6 cases of leprosy patients the susce ... | 1988 | 3075631 |
| detection of leprosy antigenuria through dot-elisa. | fifty-five samples of urine from different grades of leprosy patients and normal persons were processed for detection of pgl-1 antigen through dot-elisa on nitrocellulose paper strips using anti-human igg horse raddish peroxidaseconjugate. about 66.6% of the paucibacillary and 100% of the multibacillary leprosy cases were detectable through this technique on the basis of differential colour development on the strips. possibility of its use in the field conditions has been discussed. | 1988 | 3075632 |
| bacillaemia in leprosy: correlation with slit-skin and nasal smears. | twenty five multibacillary patients (bl/ll) were studied for bacillaemia. majority (76%) showed acid fast bacilli in peripheral blood. there was good correlation between bacillary load in peripheral blood and bacteriological index (bi) but poor correlation with morphological index (mi) of skin slit smear and bi/mi of nasal smear. | 1988 | 3075633 |
| detection of lepromatous leprosy patients shedding m. leprae in nasal droppings by enzyme immunoassay. | enzyme immunoassays (eias) for detection of lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients harbouring m. leprae in nasal mucosa are described. one eia measures igm antibodies against the synthetic disaccharide (nd-bsa) residue of phenolic glycolipid i of m. leprae, whereas the other titrates primarily igg antibodies against sonicate supernatant antigens of mycobacterium w. (m.w.). fifty coded leprosy sera were analysed by eias under a double blind code. amongst the 20 ll patients with positive nasal smear, 1 ... | 1988 | 3075634 |
| reliability of direct skin smear microscopy in leprosy. | skin smear direct microscopy is an important tool for diagnosis of leprosy. the study was planned to understand the reproducibility of skin smear reading by a trained technician. skin smears were collected from known patients of leprosy from the field area. they were stained for acid fast bacilli following the standard cold staining procedure and were read following the ridley scale. a sample of smears was re-examined on two occasions by the same technician, following blind procedure. there was ... | 1988 | 3075636 |
| use of non-conventional antigen: m. habana in detecting m. leprae antibodies from leprosy patients and contacts in fla-abs test. | an indirect immunofluorescent (fla-abs) test has been developed to detect m. leprae specific antibodies in the active and subclinical cases of leprosy. an antigenically related mycobacterium, m. habana, was used as an antigen to detect m. leprae specific antibodies in the sera samples of leprosy patients. a comparison was made with m. leprae antigen using same set of sera samples. m. habana is capable of detecting anti-m. leprae antibodies in the serum samples of leprosy patients, previously abs ... | 1988 | 3075637 |
| use of carbon sources for lipid biosynthesis in mycobacterium leprae: a comparison with other pathogenic mycobacteria. | carbon from glycerol and palmitate, but not significantly from five other carbon sources tested, was incorporated into lipids by suspensions of non-growing mycobacterium leprae organisms. however, of the five other substrates three-citrate, glucose and pyruvate-were taken up. nongrowing mycobacterium microti and mycobacterium avium incorporated carbon into lipids from most simple carbon sources tested unless they were obtained from growth media including palmitate or from experimentally infected ... | 1988 | 3075652 |
| a component of mycobacterium leprae as a serodiagnostic tool for leprosy. | 1988 | 3076580 | |
| leprosy in malawi. 2. background, design and prospects of the karonga prevention trial, a leprosy vaccine trial in northern malawi. | the karonga prevention trial is the largest vaccine trial ever mounted in africa. it is designed to test two hypotheses: (i) whether the addition of killed mycobacterium leprae can increase the protection against leprosy (and tuberculosis) imparted by bcg alone; and (ii) whether repeating a bcg vaccination can increase upon the protection provided by an initial dose. the rationale and design of the trial are discussed in relation to the history of vaccination against leprosy and to several conte ... | 1988 | 3076995 |
| the experimental inoculation with leprosy bacillus in various hybrid nude mice (continued): the results of cd-1(icr) hybrid nude mice. | 1988 | 3077621 | |
| [cultivation trial of mycobacterium leprae by transformation with deoxyribonucleic acid from cultivable acid-fast bacilli]. | 1988 | 3077623 | |
| successful preparations and characterizations of monoclonal antibodies to a 65,000 dalton protein of mucobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 3077624 | |
| [the malta project (a program for the eradication of leprosy)]. | 1988 | 3078224 | |
| stress-induced proteins and the immune response to leprosy. | mycobacterial antigens which play a major role in humoral and cell-mediated immune recognition are related to proteins which are induced in response to stress stimuli. the potential involvement of stress-induced proteins in infectious disease and in autoimmune responses is discussed. | 1988 | 3079230 |
| pathogenesis of a third world disease: lessons from leprosy. | 1988 | 3079280 | |
| [mycobacteria isolated from armadillos dasypus novemcinctus inoculated with mycobacterium leprae]. | the authors report the isolation of two mycobacteria from armadillos livers and spleens, inoculated with mycobacterium leprae in the kato medium. they discuss this results. | 1988 | 3079304 |
| efficacy of a cell-mediated reaction to the purified protein derivative of tuberculin in the disposal of mycobacterium leprae from human skin. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a delayed-type cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen on the mycobacterium leprae load in the skin of leprosy patients. twelve patients with the lepromatous form of leprosy have been injected intradermally with 5 units of the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd). ten individuals responded with areas of induration ranging from 12 to 21 mm in diameter, and two were unresponsive (less than 10 mm). twent ... | 1988 | 2969108 |
| genetic control of murine t cell proliferative responses to mycobacterium leprae. v. evidence for cross-reactivity between host antigens and mycobacterium leprae. | t cell proliferative responses to mycobacterium leprae were measured by immunization of mice at the base of the tail with ag and challenging lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes in culture with m. leprae. c57bl/10j and b10.br mice were identified as low responder mice and the congenic strains b10.m, b10.q, and b10.akm as high responders whereas f1 (high x low) hybrid mice were found to be low responders. the cellular basis of low responsiveness did not appear to result from a defect in ag-prese ... | 1988 | 2970509 |
| [study on short-term clinical trial of r-77-3 [3-(4-cyclo-pentyl-l-piperazinyl) imino methyl rifamycin sv] by mouse foot-pad technique]. | 1988 | 2978259 | |
| human monoclonal antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-1 from leprosy patients cross react with poly(adp-ribose), polynucleotides and tissue bound antigens. | antibodies which bind to poly(adp-ribose) have been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and a variety of infectious diseases. two igm kappa human monoclonal antibodies (mabs), th3 and pr4, produced from the fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes of leprosy patients with the gm4672 lymphoblastoid cell line, were found to bind to poly(adp-ribose) in direct binding and inhibition elisas. significant inhibition of binding of these mabs to poly(adp-ribose) occurred with phenolic glycolipi ... | 1988 | 2979617 |
| defective activation of granuloma macrophages from mycobacterium leprae-infected nude mice. | we have previously demonstrated that granuloma macrophages from the foot pads of mycobacterium leprae-infected nude mice are functionally normal despite heavy intracellular burdens of bacilli. however, unlike peritoneal macrophages, these macrophages fail to restrict the intracellular growth of toxoplasma gondii when stimulated with recombinant murine gamma interferon (mu ifn-gamma) and thus appear defective in their response to macrophage-activating factor(s). in further characterizing this def ... | 1988 | 2826628 |
| the effect of phenolic glycolipid-1 from mycobacterium leprae on the antimicrobial activity of human macrophages. | purified pgl-1 and dpgl from m. leprae can prevent bacterial killing by intact phagocytes and cell-free antimicrobial systems. both glycolipids completely abolished the antimicrobial effect of the acetaldehyde-xo-fe2+ system. because the cytotoxicity of this system is inhibited by catalase, sod, mannitol, and ethanol, but not by heated sod or catalase, these data suggest that toxicity is due to oh. generated by the haber-weiss reaction. that the antimicrobial killing in the xo system is complete ... | 1988 | 2826638 |
| dna methylation in leprosy-associated bacteria: mycobacterium leprae and corynebacterium tuberculostearicum. | the dnas of two kinds of microorganisms from human leprosy lesion, mycobacterium leprae and corynebacterium tuberculostearicum (also known as "leprosy-derived corynebacterium" or ldc), have been analysed and compared with the genomes of reference bacteria of the cmn group (genera corynebacterium, mycobacterium and nocardia). the guanine-plus-cytosine content (% gc) of dna was determined by a double-labelling procedure, which is unaffected by the presence of modified and unusual bases (that alter ... | 1988 | 2828900 |
| t cell epitopes on the 36k and 65k mycobacterium leprae antigens defined by human t cell clones. | to identify the molecular localization and specificity of mycobacterium leprae antigenic determinants inducing t cell activation, we studied the reactivity of m. leprae-reactive t cell clones from two tuberculoid leprosy patients towards a battery of different mycobacterial strains and purified mycobacterial antigens. of the 38 t cell clones tested 8 appeared to be m. leprae specific (specificity a), another 8 were cross-reactive with at least one of the three mycobacterial strains, m. lepraemur ... | 1988 | 2454825 |
| specific lysis by cd8+ t cells of schwann cells expressing mycobacterium leprae antigens. | in vitro cultured murine schwann cells which were devoid of class i and class ii gene products of the major histocompatibility complex expressed class i, though not class ii, antigens after stimulation with recombinant interferon-gamma. recombinant ifn-gamma-stimulated schwann cells after priming with m. leprae were lysed by antigen-specific cd8+ t lymphocytes in vitro. these findings suggest that specific lysis of m. leprae-infected schwann cells by cd8+ ctl plays a role in leprosy. | 1988 | 2454827 |
| exact definition of species-specific and cross-reactive epitopes of the 65-kilodalton protein of mycobacterium leprae using synthetic peptides. | with the use of solid phase synthesis of peptides corresponding to major and minor peaks in a hopp-woods hydrophilicity plot, the epitopes for 10 of 14 known different mab to the mycobacterium leprae 65-kda protein, a prominent t and b cell ag of this bacillus, have been located in the primary structure. five epitopes have been precisely mapped by using the synthetic peptides in inhibition elisa experiments, and five others have been located on peptides of 22 amino acids or less in length. the e ... | 1988 | 2454997 |
| a passive hemagglutination test for leprosy using a synthetic disaccharide antigen. | there is a need for a simple, sensitive, and specific test for the serodiagnosis of leprosy. a passive hemagglutination (pha) test for leprosy was developed to meet these requirements. a synthetic disaccharide, conjugated to bovine serum albumin and specific for the phenolic glycolipid of mycobacterium leprae, was sensitized to aldehyde preserved and tanned sheep erythrocytes (srbc). the sensitized srbc were used for testing sera from leprosy and tuberculosis cases and normal controls at 1: 64 a ... | 1988 | 2457641 |
| molecular-genetic evidence for the relationship of mycobacterium leprae to slow-growing pathogenic mycobacteria. | a total of 1170 nucleotides of the 16s rrna from mycobacterium leprae were compared to the homologous regions of m. tuberculosis, m. bovis vallée, m. avium, m. scrofulaceum, m. phlei, m. fortuitum and one representative each of the genera corynebacterium, nocardia, and rhodococcus. homology values were calculated and a phylogenetic tree was constructed from the evolutionary distance values. despite differences in dna g + c content and genome size, m. leprae is a true member of the slow-growing p ... | 1988 | 2458422 |
| evidence that the mitsuda reaction to mycobacterium leprae can be mediated by lymphocytes responsive to mycobacterium tuberculosis. | a positive mitsuda skin test for delayed type hypersensitivity to mycobacterium leprae is associated with a high level of protection against lepromatous leprosy, while the value of tuberculin sensitivity in leprosy is less pronounced. cutaneous lymphocytes, isolated from the mitsuda reaction of a ppd-positive individual not previously exposed to m. leprae, were cloned with dharmendra lepromin and analysed for antigen specificity. thirteen lepromin-responsive cell lines were derived, with greater ... | 1988 | 2458870 |
| gene isolation with human t lymphocyte probes. isolation of a gene that expresses an epitope recognized by t cells specific for mycobacterium bovis bcg and pathogenic mycobacteria. | we have used human cd4+ t lymphocyte clones as primary probes to identify and isolate lambda gt11 rdna clones that express epitopes recognized by t cells. the method that we describe here permits a direct survey of t cell epitope coding sequences in genomic dna or cdna libraries. a lambda gt11 library of mycobacterium leprae dna was screened with m. leprae-reactive human t cell clones as probes, allowing the isolation of a m. leprae dna clone encoding the unidentified ag. this dna clone differs ... | 1988 | 2459226 |
| epitopes of the mycobacterium tuberculosis 65-kilodalton protein antigen as recognized by human t cells. | a synthetic peptide approach has been used to identify the epitopes recognized by clonal and polyclonal human t cells reactive to the recombinant mycobacterial 65-kda protein ag. three of the four epitopes identified were recognized as cross-reactive between mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, although their amino acid sequence in two of three cases was not identical. the peptide (231-245) defining an epitope recognized as specific to the m. tuberculosis complex contains two sub ... | 1988 | 2459228 |
| a mycobacterium leprae-specific human t cell epitope cross-reactive with an hla-dr2 peptide. | mycobacterium leprae induces t cell reactivity and protective immunity in the majority of exposed individuals, but the minority that develop leprosy exhibit various types of immunopathology. thus, the definition of epitopes on m. leprae antigens that are recognized by t cells from different individuals might result in the development of an effective vaccine against leprosy. a sequence from the 65-kd protein of this organism was recognized by two hla-dr2-restricted, m. leprae-specific helper t ce ... | 1988 | 2459778 |
| [bacterial sampling using lymph node puncture-aspiration. a study of 50 patients with leprosy]. | fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes was performed in 50 leprosy patients and was compared with usual techniques of bacillary smears taken from nasal mucosa, ear lobule and cutaneous lesion we found that the former was more sensible (30%) regarding bacteriologic and morphologic (34%) indices; moreover this proceeding was more sensible (50%) en patients with type ii leprosy reaction. after 6 month-multi-therapy schedule in 3 patients, the morphologic index decreases 2 points (sfg) and bacteriolo ... | 1988 | 2459893 |
| a comparative evaluation of serological assays for lepromatous leprosy. | 1988 | 2462146 | |
| auramine staining in detecting small number of bacilli in skin smears. | auramine staining has been compared with ziehl-neelsen's staining of m. leprae in skin smear slide. the auramine method was found to be more sensitive than ziehl-neelsen's method and may be useful in detecting small number of m. leprae in skin smears. the inter-observer variance was minimal with auramine staining. | 1988 | 2462604 |
| serologic responses to mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid-i antigen in sooty mangabey monkeys with experimental leprosy. | four pairs of sooty mangabey monkeys (cercocebus atys) were inoculated with serial, 10-fold dilutions of mycobacterium leprae. the highest-dose pair received 4.8 x 10(10) m. leprae. serum samples were obtained and clinical signs of leprosy were recorded at intervals of 35 months. longitudinal serum samples were assayed by an elisa method for the presence of igg and igm antibodies to the m. leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) antigen. in general, the onset of disease symptoms paralleled ... | 1988 | 2464657 |
| partial nucleotide sequence of 16s ribosomal rna isolated from armadillo-grown mycobacterium leprae. | ribosomal rna (rrna) was isolated from mycobacterium leprae recovered from infected tissue of the nine-banded armadillo, and nucleotide sequences near the 3' end of the 16s species were determined by primer extension in the presence of dideoxynucleotides. previously published data for bacterial 16s rrnas show a pattern of conserved and non-conserved sequences that fit a common secondary structure. our data for m. leprae fits this general pattern. | 1988 | 2464663 |
| histopathologic observations on the persistence of mycobacterium leprae in the skin of multibacillary leprosy patients under chemotherapy. | 1988 | 2468983 | |
| in vitro methods for determination of viability of mycobacteria: comparison of atp content, morphological index and fda-eb fluorescent staining in mycobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 2469924 | |
| induction of unresponsiveness to gamma interferon in macrophages infected with mycobacterium leprae. | we have previously demonstrated that mycobacterium leprae-burdened granuloma macrophages isolated from infected nude mice are refractory to activation by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). to explore further both the afferent and efferent functional capacity of m. leprae-infected macrophages, we examined the ifn-gamma-mediated activation of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro with live or dead m. leprae. when ifn-gamma was administered within 24 h of m. leprae infection, macrophag ... | 1988 | 2840398 |
| nerve damage induced by mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig sciatic nerves. | a possible model for nerve damage in leprosy has been developed in the sciatic nerve of the guinea pig. intraneural injection of 10(7) bcg organisms into an unsensitized animal induces an epithelioid cell granuloma in 2 weeks similar to that found in tuberculoid leprosy patients. in contrast, intraneural injection of 10(9) cobalt-irradiated mycobacterium leprae organisms induces a macrophage granuloma in 5 weeks, similar to that found in lepromatous leprosy patients. histological, immunohistoche ... | 1988 | 2842415 |
| [the critical study of vaccine therapy of leprosy. the active life of mycobacteria in the long development cycle]. | 1988 | 2845696 | |
| ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerves in lepromatous leprosy patients. | ultrathin sections of the peripheral nerves taken from three lepromatous leprosy patients (one untreated, other treated and third in enl reaction) was examined in the electronmicroscope. in the untreated patient, solid m. leprae organism inside the schwann cell and the degeneration of schwann cell was seen. in contrast, the treated patient showed the degeneration of bacilli and myelinated fibres. however, the characteristics of cells in the enl reaction showed close similarities with the untreat ... | 1988 | 2848907 |
| specificity of mycobacterium tuberculosis phenolic glycolipid (pgl-tb1) antiserum. | the specificity of mycobacterium tuberculosis anti-pgl-tb1 antiserum prepared in rabbits was evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. it was found that the antiserum immunoreacted with its homologous antigen but not with purified phenolic glycolipids from m. bovis bcg (mycoside b), m. kansasii (mycoside a), m. leprae (pgl-i) or m. marinum (mycoside g). the analysis of chloroform/methanol extracts from 15 strains of m. tuberculosis showed that all formed the antigen except the type stra ... | 1988 | 2472828 |
| the recombinant 65-kd heat shock protein of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin/m. tuberculosis is a target molecule for cd4+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes that lyse human monocytes. | since little is known about tc cells in the human immune response to intracellular parasites, we have studied the role of tc cells in response to m. bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). donors whose pbmc responded to bcg, purified protein derivative (ppd), and the recombinant 65-kd heat shock protein (hsp) of bcg generated bcg/ppd-specific cd4+ effector t lymphocytes that lysed ppd as well as recombinant 65-kd-pulsed monocytes. nonpulsed or irrelevant antigen-pulsed target cells were lysed to a ... | 1988 | 2903217 |
| the classical and alternate pathways of t cell activation are impaired in leprosy. | the proliferative response of circulating t lymphocytes from bacterial index-positive lepromatous patients to mitogenic anti-cd3 and pairs of anti-cd2 monoclonal antibodies was significantly reduced. in these patients, the cd2 but not cd3 receptor expression was down-regulated. further, the cd2 modulation and the associated suppression of proliferative response to monoclonals was brought about in t cells of healthy subjects by prior incubation of mononuclear cells in vitro with mycobacterium lep ... | 1988 | 2903849 |
| implications of genetics for the epidemiology and control of leprosy. | this paper reviews the rationale and history of genetic studies related to leprosy, and considers their implications for the epidemiology and control of the disease. a long tradition of genetic studies in leprosy was initiated by early impressions that the disease clusters within families. investigations were first motivated by an attempt to understand population patterns, and the focus shifted from investigations of racial differences to investigations of families, of twins and ultimately of ge ... | 1988 | 2907149 |
| leukocyte subsets in the granulomatous response produced after inoculation with mycobacterium leprae-bcg in lepromatous patients. | leukocyte subsets present in the granulomatous response produced after the inoculation of a mixture of mycobacterium leprae and bcg in lepromatous leprosy patients were characterized in situ using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. the granuloma produced after m. leprae-bcg inoculation showed a distribution pattern similar to tuberculoid granulomas. t lymphocytes bearing the cd8 phenotype (t cytotoxic/suppressor) were sequestered to the periphery of the epithelioid tubercle ... | 1988 | 2908581 |
| [recent advances in hansen's disease]. | 1988 | 2453134 | |
| use of recombinant antigens expressed in escherichia coli k-12 to map b-cell and t-cell epitopes on the immunodominant 65-kilodalton protein of mycobacterium bovis bcg. | in gene libraries of mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and mycobacterium leprae, recombinants were frequently encountered that expressed an immunodominant 65-kilodalton (kda) protein antigen that was shown to react with a high proportion of mycobacterium-reactive human and murine t cells and murine monoclonal antibodies. in this study, recombinant antigens were used to map t-cell and b-cell epitopes on the m. bovis bcg 65-kda protein that was previously designated mbaa. four d ... | 1988 | 2453469 |
| antigenic proteins of mycobacterium leprae. complete sequence of the gene for the 18-kda protein. | recombinant clones expressing antigenic determinants of the 18-kda protein antigen from mycobacterium leprae recognized by the l5 monoclonal antibody were isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library and their nucleotide sequences determined. all clones expressed the m. leprae-specific determinant as part of a large fusion protein with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. the deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region indicated that all the lambda gt11 recombinant clones contained an inc ... | 1988 | 2447183 |
| structure of mycobacterial antigens. | 1988 | 2476193 | |
| detection of major genes for susceptibility to leprosy and its subtypes in a caribbean island: desirade island. | to determine the nature of the genetic component controlling susceptibility to leprosy and its subtypes, complex segregation analysis, by means of the pointer strategy, was performed on 27 multigenerational pedigrees from desirade, a caribbean island where leprosy is highly prevalent. the results are consistent with the presence of a recessive or codominant major gene controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se and nonlepromatous leprosy, respectively. under the major-gene model, tests of homog ... | 1988 | 3341381 |
| comparison of synthetic antigens for detecting antibodies to phenolic glycolipid i in patients with leprosy and their household contacts. | three synthetic antigens related to the natural antigen phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i) were compared for their efficacy in detecting leprosy when used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for igm antibody to pgl-i. absorbance values for elisas using the three antigens correlated well (.79 less than r less than .99) and had a high rate of agreement (89.5% less than a less than 98.4%). of three subjects (household contacts of patients with leprosy) who later developed the dis ... | 1988 | 3346568 |
| a second sooty mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy: first reported possible monkey-to-monkey transmission. | the existence of naturally acquired leprosy in a second sooty mangabey monkey has been documented. the disease has the clinical and histopathological characteristics of subpolar lepromatous leprosy (lls), and microbiological studies thus far confirm the etiologic agent as mycobacterium leprae. this mangabey had been housed in direct contact with the first mangabey in which naturally acquired leprosy was diagnosed in 1979. clinical symptoms appeared in the second mangabey in 1986, almost 7 years ... | 1988 | 3373087 |
| a possible mode of entry to the body of mycobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 3398684 | |
| lepromatous meningoencephalitis in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the brains from 10 nine-banded armadillos with lepromatous leprosy were studied histopathologically. all of them showed evidence of lepromatous meningitis. in two there was invasion by mycobacterium leprae into the brain tissue, with neuronal cells and glial cells containing intracellular bacilli. to our knowledge, this is the first report of meningoencephalitis in a lepromatous nine-banded armadillo. | 1988 | 3411167 |
| immunogenic "subunit" of the icrc antileprosy vaccine. | the administration of a vaccine containing icrc bacilli, which is currently undergoing clinical trials in india, induces persistent lepromin conversion in lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients and lepromin-negative healthy subjects, with "upgrading" of tissue response in the former. a sonicate of icrc bacilli, when subjected to gel-filtration chromatography using high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc), yields a high molecular weight glycolipoprotein (pp-i) with an apparent molecular weight of 10 ... | 1988 | 3131465 |
| serological activity of natural disaccharide octyl bovine serum albumin (nd-o-bsa) in sera from patients with leprosy, tuberculosis, and normal controls. | we studied the natural disaccharide-octyl-bovine serum albumin (nd-o-bsa) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in sera from 151 leprosy patients, 20 tuberculosis patients, and 42 normal persons from a nonendemic area. the three elisas, whole mycobacterium leprae (wml), phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i), and nd-o-bsa, are all highly sensitive for detecting antibodies against m. leprae. the results indicate that the serological activity has highly significant, positive correlations among the thre ... | 1988 | 3131466 |
| cellular, humoral, and gamma interferon responses to mycobacterium leprae and bcg antigens in healthy individuals exposed to leprosy. | protective immunity against mycobacteria is dependent on antigen-specific t cells. the antibodies induced upon immunization with mycobacteria have no apparent role in host protection. serological techniques have detected some antigens that are also recognized by human t cells but may fail to recognize others. potentially, there may be differences in the epitopes seen by the t and b cell anti-mycobacterial antigen repertoires. we have screened the different components of sonicated bcg or mycobact ... | 1988 | 3131867 |
| stress proteins are immune targets in leprosy and tuberculosis. | to understand the immune response to infection by tuberculosis and leprosy bacilli and to develop improved vaccines, the nature of antigens that are involved in humoral and cell-mediated immunity was investigated. we have determined that five immunodominant protein antigens under study are homologues of stress proteins. this finding and observations with other pathogens suggest that infectious agents may respond to the host environment by producing stress proteins and that these proteins can be ... | 1988 | 3132709 |
| evidence of cell-mediated immune contrasuppression in lepromatous leprosy: modulation of a putative t contrasuppressor cell-subset. | some lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients are characterized by the presence of activated suppressor t cells that specifically inhibit the immune response to mycobacterium leprae antigens. immune contrasuppressor (cs) cell activity antagonize suppressor function. whereas the former function has been extensively studied in leprosy, the latter has not been explored. we studied the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmnc) of 20 patients with leprosy (10 lepromatous and 10 tuberculoid) and six healthy ... | 1988 | 3133142 |
| limited in vitro multiplication of mycobacterium leprae. | the inability to cultivate mycobacterium leprae in vitro has been a major bottleneck in leprosy research. there have been numerous reports on successful in vitro cultivation of this organism, but these reports could not be confirmed by others in the field. hence, in vitro multiplication of m. leprae was evaluated in various culture media. only 2 media supported limited multiplication of m. leprae. one medium was used previously by one of the authors (amd) for in vitro growth of m. lepraemurium a ... | 1988 | 3136783 |
| human phagocytic cell responses to mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin. an in vitro comparison of leprosy vaccine components. | components of current vaccines for hansen's disease include mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) and killed mycobacterium leprae. bcg infections in humans are rare and most often occur in immune-compromised individuals. m. leprae on the other hand, although not causing clinical disease in most exposed individuals, is capable of infecting and replicating within mononuclear phagocytes. lymphocytes from patients with the lepromatous form of hansen's disease exhibit defective lymphokin ... | 1988 | 3137262 |
| who expert committee on leprosy. | 1988 | 3140498 | |
| serological responses of patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy to 30-, 31-, and 32-kilodalton antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | sera from patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy were examined in immunoblot assays for antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate antigens. antibodies to 30- and 31-kilodalton proteins were present in 88 and 81%, respectively, of 16 patients with lepromatous disease and absent in 16 patients with tuberculoid disease. antibodies to a 32-kilodalton protein were found in 12 and 38% of lepromatous and tuberculoid patients, respectively. these reactivities may be useful for ... | 1988 | 3141462 |
| relative cross reactivity of habanin, lepromin and tuberculin in guinea pigs sensitized with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria. | an atypical strain mycobacterium habana has been studied for its antigenic cross reactivity with delayed type of hypersensitivity responses in guinea pigs. guinea pigs sensitized with m. habana, m. leprae and m. tuberculosis when challenged with habanin, lepromin and tuberculin in criss-cross fashion have demonstrated strong cross reactivity with each other. possibilities of developing m. habana as a vaccine against tuberculosis and/or leprosy has been discussed. | 1988 | 3143770 |
| [correlation of skin tests and the production of gamma-interferon in leprosy patients]. | the responsiveness of 25 leprosy patients to an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity to m. leprae antigen, (the production of y-ifn by peripheral blood mononuclear cells) was compared to their response to skin tests routinely used to evaluate cell-mediated immunity to a number of antigens including m. leprae. the results indicate that among the polar lepromatous patients (ll) there was a clear correlation between low responses in the in vitro assay (y-ifn production), negative skin test ... | 1988 | 3143869 |
| antigenic relatedness of a strongly immunogenic 65 kda mycobacterial protein antigen with a similarly sized ubiquitous bacterial common antigen. | in gene libraries of mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae recombinants were frequently found expressing an immunodominant 65 kda protein antigen. in this study polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the 65 kda antigen were found to react with a variety of different bacteria. furthermore it is shown that the 65 kda mycobacterial protein belongs to the family of antigens previously designated 'common antigen' due to their presence in a large variety of ... | 1988 | 3143894 |
| antibodies to hiv-1 in sera from patients with mycobacterial infections. | sera from 478 persons (348 leprosy patients, 33 tuberculosis patients, 29 healthy contacts of leprosy patients, 38 normal healthy indians, and 30 normal healthy europeans) were screened for anti-hiv-1 igg antibodies by elisa. none was positive. in addition, 132 samples (from 43 leprosy patients, 21 tuberculosis patients, 5 healthy contacts of leprosy patients, 33 normal healthy indians, and 30 normal healthy europeans) were also tested by western blot assay for anti-hiv-1 igg antibodies. only 1 ... | 1988 | 3146610 |
| mechanisms of mycobacterium leprae-specific t-cell deficiency in lepromatous leprosy. | patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy fail to develop an efficient cell-mediated immunity towards mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent. the mechanism of such a specific t-cell tolerance to the bacillus remains a key question in the pathophysiology of leprosy. macrophages do not show any intrinsic defect in phagocytizing and killing m. leprae or in presenting antigen to helper t-cells. on the other hand, m. leprae-reactive helper t-cells do persist in lepromatous patients, but their ac ... | 1988 | 3147697 |
| immunological responsiveness to m. leprae and bcg antigens in 98 leprosy patients and their household contacts. | 1. the cellular immune response to m. leprae and bcg antigens was evaluated in 98 leprosy patients and 143 household contacts lacking clinical manifestation of the disease. 2. the proliferative responses and release of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed and both patients and contacts were classified as low or high responders to m. leprae. 3. the high responder contacts constituted 54.8% of the population analyzed, a three times higher proportion when compared to ... | 1988 | 3147795 |
| mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan inhibits gamma interferon-mediated activation of macrophages. | the principal efferent role of the macrophage in acquired resistance to intracellular pathogens depends on activation by t-cell lymphokines, primarily gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). however, mouse macrophages that are heavily burdened with mycobacterium leprae are refractory to activation by ifn-gamma and are thus severely compromised in their capacity for both enhanced microbicidal and tumoricidal activities. we report here that lipoarabinomannan (lam), a highly immunogenic lipopolysaccharide th ... | 1988 | 3128482 |
| analysis of hla-dr glycoproteins by dna-mediated gene transfer. definition of dr2 beta gene products and antigen presentation to t cell clones from leprosy patients. | we have used dna-mediated gene transfer to express hla class ii molecules in mouse l cells for serological, biochemical, and functional analysis. cdna clones encoding the dr2 beta a and dr2 beta b products of the dr2dw2 haplotype were subcloned into a mouse moloney leukemia virus-based expression vector (pj4) and transfected separately into mouse l cells together with a hla-dr alpha/pj4 construct. these transfectants have allowed differential analysis of the two dr2 beta products in a manner nor ... | 1988 | 3128633 |
| serum antibody responses to mycobacteria in leprosy patients and their contacts. | 1988 | 3149706 | |
| distribution of phthiocerol diester, phenolic mycosides and related compounds in mycobacteria. | among 28 mycobacterial species studied, only mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. africanum, m. marinum, m. kansasii, m. gastri and m. ulcerans produced waxes yielding long-chain beta-diol components (called phthiocerol and companions) and polymethyl-branched fatty acids on saponification. the same mycobacterial species also produced diesters of phenol phthiocerol and companions. fatty acids esterifying these fatty alcohols in m. marinum and m. ulcerans were found to belong to the phthiocera ... | 1988 | 3149973 |
| diphenoloxidase of mycobacterium leprae: discovery, applications and prospects. | 1988 | 3150974 | |
| metabolism in mycobacterium leprae, m. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria. | 1988 | 3151445 | |
| the mapping of epitopes of the 18-kda protein of mycobacterium leprae recognized by murine t cells in a proliferation assay. | the 18-kda protein of mycobacterium leprae was purified from recombinant plasmids pul108 and pml-3 grown in saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli, respectively. significant lymphoproliferative responses were observed when t cells from immunized mice were challenged in culture with purified 18-kda protein. synthetic peptides have been prepared that span most of the 148 amino acid residues that constitute the sequence of the 18-kda protein and used to map epitopes recognized by t cells. wh ... | 1989 | 2476491 |
| effect of chemotherapy on viability of mycobacterium leprae as determined by atp content, morphological index and fda-eb fluorescent staining. | viable bacterial populations were estimated in bacilli purified from 105 biopsies from 40 untreated and 65 multibacillary leprosy patients treated with multidrug therapy (mdt) for varying periods. the bacilli were purified and viability was determined by atp content, morphological index (mi), and fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide (fda-eb) staining. viable populations were calculated, taking 3.58 x 10(-15) g/solid bacillus as the mean atp content of a viable unit of mycobacterium leprae. the ... | 1989 | 2476522 |
| susceptibilities of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium complex to the h2o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with antimicrobial agents. | the susceptibilities of mycobacterium leprae and m. avium complex (mac) to the h2-o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with antimicrobial agents were evaluated by fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide (fda/eb) staining. in the case of m. leprae, the number of greenstained bacteria (intact cells) was reduced in the presence of the h2o2-fe-mediated halogenation system supplemented with agents possessing antileprosy activity, such as rifampin, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone), clof ... | 1989 | 2476523 |
| analysis of human antibody epitopes on the 65-kilodalton protein of mycobacterium leprae by using synthetic peptides. | in order to study antibody reactivity to the mycobacterium leprae 65-kilodalton (kda) antigen, peptides representing overlapping sequences of the 65-kda protein were synthesized, and a recombinant protein expression system for r65-kda was constructed. mouse monoclonal antibodies and leprosy patient seroreactivity to peptides and r65-kda were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. all seven of the monoclonal antibodies used in this study reacted with their previously defined epitopes whe ... | 1989 | 2478477 |
| reliability of skin smear results: experiences with quality control of skin smears in different routine services in leprosy control programmes. | the quality control of skin smears is an important tool in improving the diagnosis of leprosy. we evaluated the skin smears sent to us by 50 laboratory technicians of 29 projects in asia, africa and south america. the skin smears were judged according to taking, staining and reading. the correlation was altogether satisfactory. in reading, a low correlation was found in 11% (42 slides) and it was seen that the highest percentage of low correlations was found in the false negative smears. the eva ... | 1989 | 2478853 |
| dr3-restricted t cells from different hla-dr3-positive individuals recognize the same peptide (amino acids 2-12) of the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein. | studies in experimental animals have demonstrated that the t cell response to immunogenic proteins is limited to one or a few epitopes on such proteins and that the mhc haplotype of the responder is an important factor in determining which epitope is recognized (immune response gene effect). however, if and to what extent mhc genes control the immune response to pathogens in man is virtually unknown. we have studied the human t cell response to the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein, a majo ... | 1989 | 2480902 |
| leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine design. | tuberculosis and leprosy are bacillary infectious diseases which cause severe global health problems with approximately 50 to 60 million people suffering from tuberculosis and 10 to 15 million from leprosy. in the developing countries the currently available vaccine, bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) was found to be less effective than originally thought. this disappointment, as well as recent achievements in biotechnology, has led several researchers to embark on novel avenues towards a rational va ... | 1989 | 2482532 |