Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [prognostic value of bone and marrow lesions in primary myeloid splenomegaly]. | the diagnosis of myelofibrosis depends on three fundamental criteria. myeloid metaplasia of the liver and spleen, absence of philadelphia chromosome and a variable degree of myelofibrosis. it is thus necessary to have available bone and marrow biopsies to make the diagnosis. the analysis of elementary lesions, together with their grouping, was at the origin of various pathological classifications, including those of hickling and jacquillat, chom and ripault. the latter, adopted by most authors, ... | 1997 | 175472 |
| neonatal diagnosis of familial type ii hyperlipoproteinemia. | cord serum prebeta-beta-lipoprotein concentration was measured in a radial immunodiffusion assay in 303 randomly selected, full-term infants whose parental phenotypes were unknown. six infants had elevated concentrations, that is above a cut-off limit of 197 mg/100 ml (97.5th percentile). three of these infants suffered from classic type ii hyperlipoproteinemia, and this diagnosis was confirmed by family studies at follow-up. the three other infants and their parents were shown to be normolipemi ... | 1997 | 175344 |
| on certain electrical phenomena for the interpretation of ch'i in chinese acupuncture. | the author describes a series of experiments on the "microelectric phenomenon" and tires to give new scientific interpretations of acupuncture. thus, the concept of "2-m-c" was developed, which may generate new hypotheses concerning the modus operandi of needle treatment. | 1997 | 164115 |
| artificial gut in gastrointestinal cancer. | 1997 | 499993 | |
| morbidity pattern in aged persons attending rural health centre in haryana. | 1997 | 2486987 | |
| characterization of shigella type 1 fimbriae: expression, fima sequence, and phase variation. | this study documents the presence of type 1 fimbriae on shigella and confirms these mannose-sensitive adherence structures to be bona fide components of the shigella surface. while laboratory-passaged shigella strains and lyophilized clinical isolates failed to express type 1 fimbriae, 6 of 20 recent clinical isolates, including 4 shigella flexneri strains, 1 shigella boydii strain, and 1 shigella dysenteriae strain, produced type 1 fimbriae as detected by mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (msh ... | 1997 | 9169792 |
| a household survey of dysentery in burundi: implications for the current pandemic in sub-saharan africa. | to characterize the epidemiology of dysentery (defined as bloody diarrhoea) in burundi, we reviewed national surveillance data and conducted a household cluster survey including two case--control studies: one at the household, the other at the individual level. we estimated that community incidences for dysentery (per 1000 residents) in kibuye sector were 15.3 and 27.3, and that dysentery accounted for 6% and 12% of all deaths, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. factors associated (p < or = 0.05) w ... | 1997 | 9141750 |
| [enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and its infection: from 1977 to 1995]. | in 1997, konowalchuk and coworkers reported a toxin produced by escherichia coli that was cytotoxic to vero cells. this toxin(vero toxin, vt) was subsequently found to be an important virulence factor of e. coli associated with an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis due to e. coli o157:h7 which occurred in the state of oregon and michigan in us. e. coli o157:h7 was then found to produce vt, which was cross-reactive with shiga toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae. vt(shiga-like toxin shiga toxin, s ... | 1997 | 9086772 |
| thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with shiga toxins. | 1997 | 9109212 | |
| epidemiology of shigellosis among children exposed to cases of shigella dysentery: a multivariate assessment. | we followed 1,756 young, rural bangladeshi children less than five years of age for one month after identification of sentinel shigella patients in their neighborhoods. two hundred nineteen (12%) children developed shigella diarrhea (shigellosis) and 227 (13%) developed culture-negative dysentery. shigella flexneri (60%) and s. dysenteriae, type 1 (15%) were the most common isolates among shigellosis cases. within individual neighborhoods, there was poor agreement (kappa = 0.21) between shigella ... | 1997 | 9129527 |
| epidemic shigella dysentery in children in northern kwazulu-natal. | to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, management and outcome of children with shigella dysenteriae type i infection admitted to a rural district hospital. | 1997 | 9063314 |
| influence of different rol gene products on the chain length of shigella dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide o antigen expressed by shigella flexneri carrier strains. | introduction of the rol genes of shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli k-12 into shigella flexneri carrier strains expressing the heterologous s. dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide resulted in the formation of longer chains of s. dysenteriae 1 o antigen. in bacteria producing both homologous and heterologous o antigen, this resulted in a reduction of the masking of heterologous o antigen by homologous lipopolysaccharide and an increased immune response induced by intraperitoneal immuniz ... | 1997 | 9079931 |
| approaches to limiting emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria in human populations. | infectious diseases continue to be major threats to human health around the world. within the past few years, several divergent groups of organisms have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality. included among these are bacteria that are refractory to therapy because of the development of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. multidrug resistance in strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococcus pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, and enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 8994792 |
| one-dose treatment with pefloxacin for infection due to multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in burundi. | 1997 | 8994771 | |
| haem iron-transport system in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7. | in this study, we identified the iron-transport systems of escherichia coli o157:h7 strain edl933. this strain synthesized and transported enterobactin and had a ferric citrate transport system but lacked the ability to produce or use aerobactin. it used haem and haemoglobin, but not transferrin or lactoferrin, as iron sources. we cloned the gene encoding an iron-regulated haem-transport protein and showed that this e. coli haem-utilization gene (chua) encoded a 69 kda outer membrane protein tha ... | 1997 | 9157252 |
| construction and characterization of a live attenuated vaccine candidate against shigella dysenteriae type 1. | vaccine candidates against shigella dysenteriae type 1, which is associated with the most severe cases of bacillary dysentery, were constructed. the rfp and rfb gene clusters, which code for s. dysenteriae 1 o antigen biosynthesis, were randomly integrated into either the chromosome or the virulence plasmid of the rough attenuated shigella flexneri arod strain sfl124-27 with a minitransposon carrying an arsenite resistance selection marker. the recombinant clones efficiently expressed the recomb ... | 1997 | 9169740 |
| antibiotic resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae and shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern africa region: 1994-1996. | between march 1994 and december 1996, 1797 rectal swabs were transported to the amref laboratory from sites in six countries in the eastern africa region: 1749 were cultured for vibrio cholerae and 48 for shigella/salmonella. culture, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized techniques. the isolates were categorized as sensitive or resistant based on standardized zones of inhibition. the rate of isolation of v. cholerae from rectal swabs i ... | 1997 | 9185422 |
| epidemic dysentery in western kenya. | this paper describes the epidemiology of a probable shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery epidemic in western kenya. a retrospective record review over 2 years of all cases of dysentery, amoebiasis and diarrhoea was carried out in 13 healthcare facilities in the rarieda division of nyanza province. of the 3301 cases recorded, 2191 were dysentery, giving a cumulative 2 years incidence rate for dysentery of 4%. the epidemic began in december 1994 and peaked in february 1995, coinciding with the ve ... | 1997 | 9463662 |
| construction and characterization of genetically-marked bivalent anti-shigella dysenteriae 1 and anti-shigella flexneri y live vaccine candidates. | bivalent vaccine candidates were developed against shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri, which are among the most frequent causative agents of shigellosis in developing countries. the rfp and rfb gene clusters, which code for s. dysenteriae serotype 1 o-antigen biosynthesis, were inserted into an arsenite resistance minitransposon and randomly integrated into the attenuated s. flexneri arod serotype y strain sfl124. nine recombinant clones that efficiently expressed both homologous and h ... | 1997 | 9188091 |
| examination of diarrheagenicity of cytolethal distending toxin: suckling mouse response to the products of the cdtabc genes of shigella dysenteriae. | some strains of escherichia coli, shigella spp., and campylobacter spp. that have been implicated in diarrheal disease produce cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). cdt induces unique morphological changes in chinese hamster ovary cells, but its association with diarrheal disease is unclear. we studied the diarrheagenicity of cdt using the cdt genes that we originally cloned from shigella dysenteriae. the cdt genes were subcloned into a high-copy-number plasmid in e. coli jm109 to achieve high-leve ... | 1997 | 9009292 |
| entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection in children in bangladesh. | the prevalence of infection by the invasive parasite entamoeba histolytica and the noninvasive parasite entamoeba dispar was determined in 2000 children in bangladesh. antigen detection identified more cases of e. histolytica-e. dispar infection than did culture or microscopy. microscopic identification of e. histolytica-e. dispar complex infection in stool did not equate with the diagnosis of amebic dysentery because most amebic infections in this population were due to e. dispar: urban childre ... | 1997 | 9041357 |
| in situ characterization of inflammatory responses in the rectal mucosae of patients with shigellosis. | shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa leading to colonic epithelial cell destruction and inflammation. for further analysis of local gut inflammation, morphological changes and the potential involvement of mediators in regulatory mechanisms of cell activation and cell proliferation were studied immunohistochemically in rectal mucosal biopsies taken from patients during the acute phase of shigellosis and at convalescence. rectal bi ... | 1997 | 9009337 |
| epidemic shigella dysentery in south africa. | 1997 | 9411815 | |
| nosocomial transmission of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | an outbreak of dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 occurred in a chronic care psychiatric institution in durban, south africa. of the 10 patients who developed dysentery, 4 (40%) died. s. dysenteriae type 1 was isolated from stool samples from two of the four patients tested and ribotyping showed that these isolates were identical but differed from other community acquired strains. the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. infection con ... | 1997 | 9421771 |
| antimicrobial resistance in organisms causing diarrheal disease. | antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of enteric infections, particularly those due to shigella, vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (associated with traveler's diarrhea), and salmonella typhi. the rate of antimicrobial resistance is highest in the developing world, where the use of antimicrobial drugs is relatively unrestricted. of greatest immediate concern is the need for an effective, inexpensive antimicrobial that can be used safely as tr ... | 1997 | 8994788 |
| quantitative assessment of igg and iga subclass producing cells in rectal mucosa during shigellosis. | to assess quantitatively both the morphological changes in the rectal mucosa and the changes in the relative frequency of iga and igg subclass producing cells found in the rectal mucosa during the acute phase of shigellosis and at convalescence. | 1997 | 9378821 |
| [how is hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood acquired in switzerland?]. | intestinal infections with shigatoxin-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae type i play a major role in the pathogenesis of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in childhood. escherichia coli has been repeatedly detected in the intestines of healthy cattle. twenty-seven children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome were treated at our hospital between june 1990 and march 1997. factors indicating a possible previous contact with bovine intestinal content were found in 18 out of the 27 patients: p ... | 1997 | 9333932 |
| detection of non-culturable shigella dysenteriae 1 from artificially contaminated volunteers' fingers using fluorescent antibody and pcr techniques. | epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hands may be an important vehicle for transmission of shigellosis. the present study was carried out to find out the survival potential of shigella dysenteriae 1 on fingers of volunteers. finger surface was inoculated with 10(5) cfu of s. dysenteriae 1 and then the bacteria were detected using conventional culture, pcr and fluorescent antibody (fa) techniques after different time intervals. it was found that s. dysenteriae 1 survived for up to one h ... | 1997 | 9360343 |
| antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of shigella isolates in kigali, rwanda (1983 to 1993): increasing frequency of multiple resistance. | the serotype distribution and susceptibility to nine antibiotics was determined for 2491 shigella isolates cultured in the medical laboratory of the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda, during 1983 to 1993. overall, shigella flexneri was the most frequent species, ranking before shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, and shigella dysenteriae. however, the relative frequency of the different shigella spp. showed an important variability over time. s flexneri increased from 40% in 1983 to 68% of the i ... | 1997 | 9327243 |
| involvement of a 43-kilodalton outer membrane protein in beta-lactam resistance of shigella dysenteriae. | a beta-lactam-sensitive strain (c152) of shigella dysenteriae showed two major outer membrane proteins (omps) with m(r)s of 43,000 and 38,000, while the clinical isolate m2 lacked the 43,000-mr omp, which acted as a channel for beta-lactam antibiotics. permeability of beta-lactams across the outer membrane (om) of m2 was lower than that across the om of c152. mutants deficient in the 43-kda omp could be selected in vitro from strain c152 in the presence of cefoxitin. all beta-lactam-resistant st ... | 1997 | 9333070 |
| an outbreak of shiga bacillus dysentery in kwazulu/natal, south africa. | an outbreak of shiga bacillus (shigella dysenteriae type 1) infection has been detected for the first time in south africa. forty-eight cases of this epidemic that presented to a referral hospital were clinically evaluated. patients presented with dysentery from all age groups and 16 (33%) were admitted to hospital. there were two geographical regions where 32 (67%) of the patients resided. the isolates were demonstrated to be pathogenic by in vitro testing for invasion and toxin production, and ... | 1997 | 9138132 |
| [the role of shigella dysenteriae toxin formation at different stages in the forming of the cellular immune response in experimental animals]. | the immunomodulating action of genetically related pairs of strains of s. dysenteriae 1, differing by the presence of high molecular plasmid with a mol. wt. of 140 md and transposon-mediated mutation in the tox-gene chromosome (4 phenotypes: inv+ tox+; inv+ tox-; inv- tox+; inv- tox-), was studied. the study was carried out with the use of the experimental intraperitoneal infection of cba mice with live shigella cells in a dose of 5x10(7) microbial cells. for the first time the role of shiga tox ... | 1997 | 9245145 |
| multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in rajbari district, bangladesh. | twenty-one shigellae isolates were obtained from bloody faecal specimens of diarrhoeal patients at rajbari district hospital from january 1994 to june 1995, and serogrouped. fourteen (67%) isolates belonged to the shigella dysenteriae serogroup and 7 (33%) to shigella flexneri serogroup. shigella dysenteriae strains were further serotyped; all were shigella dysenteriae 1. each strain was tested for resistance to 6 common antimicrobial agents. the two strains had different antibiotic susceptibili ... | 1997 | 9308296 |
| reactive arthritis associated with shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 causes the most severe form of bacillary dysentery. the spectrum of illness ranges from mild watery diarrhoea to severe bloody diarrhoea. shigellosis is often associated with intestinal complications, including intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, toxic dilatation of the colon, and prolapse of the rectum; systemic complications include septicaemia, hyponatraemia, hypoglycaemia, seizure, encephalopathy, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, and malnutrition. arthriti ... | 1997 | 9308297 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar isolated from imported diarrheal cases in japan]. | two shigella strains (93-119 and 95-619) isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in japan, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical to each other. both strains were positive in the serény test and other tests for invasiveness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis showed that they did ... | 1997 | 9209121 |
| a monoclonal antibody reacts with maltose-binding protein of escherichia coli and related enteric bacteria. | maltose-binding protein (mbp) encoded by male is essential for the energy-dependent translocation of maltose through the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. its property of specific binding to maltose has been used in constructing fusion proteins for easy affinity purification. a monoclonal antibody named mab sc1d7 was produced against escherichia coli mbp. this mab also bound to mbp-containing recombinant proteins in both western blotting and immunoprecipitation analysis. as a result, this mab ca ... | 1997 | 9212834 |
| to sting or be stung: bacteria-induced apoptosis. | 1997 | 9234503 | |
| shiga toxin induces medullary tubular injury in isolated perfused rat kidneys. | to investigate the potential direct nephrotoxicity of shiga toxin, a putative mediator for hemolytic uremic syndrome, purified toxin (10(-11) m) was added to isolated rat kidneys perfused for 160 min with a krebs-henseleit acellular medium enriched with albumin and amino acids. kidney function and morphology were examined after perfusion with the shiga toxin vs controls. shiga toxin did not significantly alter renal perfusion flow, glomerular filtration rate, or tubular sodium reabsorption, but ... | 1997 | 9215587 |
| renal problems in black south african children. | black south african children have an increased prevalence of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, focal glomerulosclerosis, hepatitis b-associated membranous nephropathy, congenital syphilis, congenital nephrotic syndrome with alport-like basement membrane changes and takayasu's arteritis, but a paucity of reflux nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease and non-shigella-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. however, in recent years, the haemolytic uraemic syndrome has become more prevalent ... | 1997 | 9260259 |
| nonserotypeable shigella dysenteriae isolated from a dutch patient returning from india. | 1997 | 9272399 | |
| [the adaptation of therapeutic standards as a function of antibiotic sensitivity of strains of shigella spp. isolated in rwanda in 1997]. | 1997 | 9612786 | |
| antimicrobial activity of terminalia macroptera root. | terminalia macroptera guill et perr. (combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in guinea-bissau and other west african countries to treat infectious diseases. the ethanol extract from t. macroptera decorticated root and their liquid-liquid partition fractions, were screened for antimicrobial activity, by the twofold serial microdilution assay against seven reference bacterial strains and against candida albicans. the extract and fractions showed some activity against at least one of the test micr ... | 1997 | 9292414 |
| post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during an epidemic of shigella dysentery in kwazulu/natal. | we report 81 of 107 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus), admitted between july 1994 and february 1996, following an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery in kwazulu/natal. all patients, excluding 1, were black with a mean age of 38 months (range 1-121); 50 (61.7%) were males. the mean duration of dysentery was 11.3 days (range 1-41) and hus 15 days (range 1-91). most patients had acute oliguric renal failure (90.1%), 42 (51.6%) required peritoneal dialysis. complications include ... | 1997 | 9323280 |
| [bacterial dysentery in 1995]. | 1997 | 9333867 | |
| assembly of a strong promoter following is911 circularization and the role of circles in transposition. | when supplied with high levels of the is911-encoded transposase, is911-based transposons can excise as circles in which the right and left terminal inverted repeats are abutted. formation of the circle junction is shown here to create a promoter, p(junc), which is significantly stronger than the indigenous promoter, pirl, and is also capable of driving expression of the is911 transposition proteins. high transposase expression from the circular transposon may promote use of the circle as an inte ... | 1997 | 9214651 |
| a new cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) from escherichia coli producing cnf2 blocks hela cell division in g2/m phase. | escherichia coli strain 1404, isolated from a septicaemic calf, carries a transferable plasmid called pvir which codes for the cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 (cnf2). a 4h interaction between strain 1404 and hela cells induced the formation of giant mononucleated cells blocked in g2/m phase. mating experiments between strain 1404 and a non-pathogenic recipient strain demonstrated that the factor(s) encoded by pvir mediated the cell-cycle arrest. a 3.3 kb dna fragment isolated from a dna bank ... | 1997 | 9220015 |
| evaluation of teknaf enteric agar (tea): a modified macconkey's agar for the isolation of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri. | to develop a better and selective medium for the isolation of shigella spp., macconkey's agar (mac) was modified by adding potassium tellurite (k2teo3) at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. the formulation designated teknaf enteric agar (tea) was studied for the inhibitory effect of potassium tellurite on the growth of different enteric bacteria, and as a medium for isolating shigella spp. from clinical stool samples (n = 3125). we observed that the growth of e. coli was effectively inhibited on ... | 1997 | 9364131 |
| structural studies on the shigella-like escherichia coli o121 o-specific polysaccharide. | the o-specific polysaccharide isolated from the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli o121 by mild acid hydrolysis has been studied using mainly nmr spectroscopy. the polysaccharide was treated with mild base to yield a o-deacetylated polysaccharide which contained d-glcnac, d-galnaca, d-galnacan (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide) and d-qui4nacgly (where d-qui4n is 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose) in equimolar proportions. the presence of the amide was confirmed by recording the 1h nmr ... | 1997 | 9373937 |
| identification of shua, the gene encoding the heme receptor of shigella dysenteriae, and analysis of invasion and intracellular multiplication of a shua mutant. | shua encodes a 70-kda outer membrane heme receptor in shigella dysenteriae. analysis of the shua dna sequence indicates that this gene encodes a protein with homology to tonb-dependent receptors of gram-negative bacteria. transport of heme by the shua protein requires tonb and its accessory proteins exbb and exbd. the shua dna sequence contains a putative fur box overlapping the -10 region of a potential shua promoter, and the expression of shua is repressed by exogenous iron or hemin in a fur-d ... | 1997 | 9393841 |
| involvement of a 70-kb plasmid of the epidemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 (dt66) strain in drug-resistance, lipopolysaccharide synthesis, and virulence. | the present work characterizes a 70 kb plasmid of the indian epidemic isolate shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain dt66 in relation to virulence and drug-resistance characters. curing of the plasmids of dt66 strain by acriflavine (af) yielded seven groups of af-cured derivatives. one group of derivatives containing 5 plasmids (70-2.5 kb) as against 6 (120-2.5 kb) in the wild type showed resistance to chloramphenicol, pivmecillinam, streptomycin, and tetracycline (cmrpivrsmrtcr) but sensitivity for ... | 1997 | 9442487 |
| evaluation of enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probes to identify enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli. | alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide probes were developed to detect the gene coding for vero toxin 1 (vt1) and vero toxin 2 (vt2). using these probes, 3 hr was enough to detect vt genes when suspicious colonies of enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) were obtained on an agar plate. the results of a hybridization test with 144 isolates of ehec o157 and one isolate of shigella dysenteriae type 1 agreed exactly with the immunological detection, reversed passive latex agglutination ... | 1997 | 9444330 |
| using epidemiologic tools to control an outbreak of diarrhoea in a textile factory, bulawayo, zimbabwe. | dysentery is endemic in zimbabwe. more than 260,000 cases and a case fatality of four per thousand were reported in 1993. in late july 1994, the health services department in bulawayo was informed of two cases of shigella dysenteriae type i at a textile factory that employs 138 workers. workers were interviewed at the factory regarding the date of the onset of illness, symptoms, food consumed, and treatment received. factory water supply, cooking, and sanitary facilities were inspected. stool an ... | 1997 | 9557445 |
| [studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995]. | a total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at osaka and kansai airport quarantine station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. isolated species were as follows: plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic escherichia coli (1,621 ... | 1997 | 9391324 |
| cloning and characterisation of the aroa and arod genes of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the aroa and arod genes from shigella dysenteriae type 1, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase and 3-dehydroquinase, respectively, were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). their nucleotide sequences were determined and predicted to code for 46 kda and 27.5 kda proteins, respectively. protein expressed from these genes using the minicell system, corresponded to the size of the predicted protein products. the cloned genes were shown to be functional by complementation of esc ... | 1997 | 9403507 |
| isolation of a fluoroquinolone resistant shigella dysenteriae 1 strain from calcutta. | fourteen strains of shigella spp. were isolated from patients aged 5-12 yr, hospitalized with dysentery during 1995-1996. the strains isolated were shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri and s.sonnei. all but one of the 14 strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. the mic of both the fluoroquinolones was 15 micrograms/ml for the resistant s.dysenteriae 1 strain (nrm4). therefore, the careful use of antimicrobials is required for therapy of shigellosis. | 1997 | 9439093 |
| occurrence in sudan of shigella dysenteriae type 1 with transferable antimicrobial resistance. | 1997 | 9425371 | |
| hydrophobicity and outer membrane proteins of shigella dysenteriae type 1 after treatment with subinhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides. | hydrophobicity and profiles of outer membrane proteins of shigella dysenteriae type 1 after treatment with subinhibitory concentrations (1/2 or 1/4 of the mic) of aminoglycosides were studied. the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics tested was 3.12 mg/l (amikacin, tobramycin) and 6.25 mg/l (gentamicin). the hydrophobicity of the cell surface of s. dysenteriae type 1 was decreased after exposure to all aminoglycosides at a concentration of 1/2 of the mics; 1/4 of the mics of the antibiotics ... | 1997 | 9438357 |
| sensitization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to shiga toxin: involvement of protein kinase c and nf-kappab. | infection of humans with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 and shigella dysenteriae 1 is strongly associated with vascular endothelial cell damage and the development of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the cytotoxic effect of shiga toxins on vascular endothelial cells in vitro is enhanced by prior exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) or either of the host cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf) and interleukin-1beta (il-1). the purpose of this study was to examine individua ... | 1997 | 9234795 |
| an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. | shigella dysenteriae type 2 is rare in the united states, and outbreaks associated with this pathogen are uncommon. | 1997 | 9244331 |
| release of interleukin-2 induced by a major antigenic outer membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae type 1 in natural infection. | an antigen specific modulation of peripheral blood lymphocyte function was examined in a patient-based study of shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. interleukin-2 (il-2) production by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from shigella-infected patients was correlated with the expression of host cellular immune responses. to evaluate the role of a 57 kd major antigenic outer membrane protein of s. dysenteriae 1 in the proliferation of pbmc and the production of il-2, the in vitro blast ... | 1997 | 9589610 |
| [infectious etiology of diarrheal morbidity in a senegalese region of high exposure to schistosoma mansoni]. | endemic schistosomiasis due to schistosoma mansoni has been observed in richard-toll (the senegal river basin) in senegal since 1990. because of its high prevalence, schistosomiasis is assumed to be the cause of most cases of diarrhea observed in the region. the purpose of the present study carried out within the framework of the espoir program for control of bilharziasis in the senegal river region was to confirm the exact etiology of diarrhea in the region. a total of 109 subjects presenting d ... | 1997 | 9612777 |
| a study on transferable r-plasmids among shigella species at lucknow. | a total of 500 shigella strains were included in the present study out of which 233 were isolated at national shigella centre of postgraduate department of microbiology, k.g. medical college, lucknow during last 5 years and 267 strains were received from different parts of the country. predominent serotypes were sheigella flexneri 292 (48.4%) followed by shigella dysenteriae 153 (30.6%), shigella boydii 32 (6.4%) and shigella sonnei 23 (4.6%). all the strains were sensitive to nalidix acid, gent ... | 1997 | 10085641 |
| the site-specific recombinase encoded by pind in shigella dysenteriae is due to the presence of a defective mu prophage. | the dna inversion systems are made up of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene. five systems are known in prokaryotes: the salmonella typhimurium h segment and hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, escherichia coli e14 p-pin, and shigella sonnei b-pinb systems. in this report a site-specific recombinase (pind) gene of shigella dysenteriae was cloned and sequenced. pind mediated inversion of five known segments at the same extent in e. coli. although one inv s ... | 1997 | 9202481 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 in zimbabwe. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) is an unusually virulent enteric pathogen which causes endemic or epidemic dysentery with high death rates. sd1 has been responsible for large-scale regional outbreaks of dysentery in africa, central america, and south asia. shigella dysentery epidemics have been reported in africa since the 1800s and overall, more than 250 million people in the african region are at risk and subject to a case fatality rate of possibly 1-10%. in zimbabwe, the 1994 national in ... | 1997 | 12292400 |
| synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines against shigella dysenteriae type 1. | syntheses of a hexadecasaccharide and smaller fragments corresponding to one-four repeating units of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 are reported in a reactive aglycon-linked from. two tetrasaccharide donor/acceptor repeating units were assembled from monosaccharide precursors in a stepwise fashion and used in a linear, iterative manner to construct the higher-membered saccharides using schmidt's glycosylation technique that proved superior to others tested. single-p ... | 1998 | 11672203 |
| predictors of mortality in children hospitalized with dysentery in harare, zimbabwe. | to document the pattern of complications and identify risk factors for subsequent mortality in a hospitalized paediatric population during a shigella dysenteriae type 1 epidemic. | 1998 | 10910572 |
| synthesis of tri- and tetrasaccharide fragments of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-antigen deoxygenated and fluorinated at position 3 of the methyl alpha-d-galactopyranoside terminus. | the blockwise synthesis of methyl alpha tri- and tetrasaccharide analogs of the biochemical repeating unit of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-polysaccharide is described. modifications include deoxygenation and deoxyfluorination at position 3 of the galactopyranoside residue. methyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-3-deoxy-alpha-d-xylo-hexopyranoside (8) and methyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (9) were condensed with (2,3,4-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1-->3) -2,4-d ... | 1998 | 9825517 |
| detection of shigellae from stools of dysentery patients by culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. | in bangladesh, the isolation rates of shigella spp. range from 11% to 12% by the conventional culture technique. since the sensitivity of this technique is low, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used for detecting small number of shigellae from patients' stools. sensitivity and specificity of the two techniques were also compared. stool samples were collected from 41 patients with dysentery who attended the clinical research and service centre of the icddr,b: centre for health an ... | 1998 | 10453122 |
| shigella infection in macaque colonies: case report of an eradication and control program. | a primate colony comprising three distinct but interrelated units had long-term history of undiagnosed diarrhea and associated deaths for many years. in 1989, the clinical problem was recognized as a confounding factor for the experimental work, and steps were taken to eradicate the disease. this was done by a combined approach involving improved sample collection techniques and microbiological methods, treatment of all animals in the colony, and improvement in management. these management chang ... | 1998 | 10090037 |
| the rediscovery of shiga toxin and its role in clinical disease. | 1998 | 10211432 | |
| the spread of shigella dysenteriae type i in africa. | 1998 | 10211435 | |
| shigella infections among children in andaman--an archipelago of tropical islands in bay of bengal. | shigellosis is common among children in the andaman and nicobar islands. our experience showed two distinct features of shigellosis within a span of 3 years in 1994-6: (i) changing patterns of serotype or subtype specific shigellosis and (ii) emergence of multidrug resistant isolates with changing r-patterns. the rate of isolation was 10.4-27.9% with the rate of isolation of shigella flexneri interchanging with s. dysenteriae alternately. in 1994, s. flexneri superseded s. dysenteriae (48.6% vs. ... | 1998 | 9747754 |
| major histocompatibility complex class i presentation of exogenous soluble tumor antigen fused to the b-fragment of shiga toxin. | targeting exogenous antigen into the mhc class i-restricted presentation pathway is a prerequisite for the induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) which have been shown to represent an important component of the protective and therapeutic immune response to viral infections and tumors. in this study, we produced recombinant proteins composed of the receptor-binding non-toxic b-fragment of bacterial shiga toxin derived from shigella dysenteriae associated with an epitope from a model tumor ant ... | 1998 | 9754560 |
| severe shigellosis in childhood. | a prospective study was performed on 20 bacteriologically proven pediatric cases of severe shigellosis admitted to the department of pediatrics, chulalongkorn hospital during march 1989 to march 1990. fourteen patients were male and six were female. shigella b was found in 85% and shigella d in 15% of cases. the major indications for admission were convulsions and dehydration. fifteen per cent of cases had underlying malignancies and 42.1% had malnutrition. most patients had a peak of fever betw ... | 1998 | 10437956 |
| characterization of shigella dysenteriae type 1 capsular polysaccharide by immunochemical methods. | we have isolated the capsular polysaccharide from the strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 8337. the product was purified by ultracentrifugation, treated with enzymes (proteinase k, dna-rnaase) and analyzed by immunochemical methods. polyclonal antibodies were obtained from rabbits immunized by whole cell antigens prepared from shigella by ultrasonic treatment and by purified capsular polysaccharide. crossed immunoelectrophoresis, page and western blot analysis showed that this product containi ... | 1998 | 10069017 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains possessing a new serovar (204/96) isolated from imported diarrheal cases in japan]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of imported diarrheal cases in japan, did not react to any antisera of the established shigella serovars. these strains had the typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae, and were biochemically identical. all strains were positive in the sereny test and other tests for invasivness; these indicate that they can cause shigellosis in humans. the results of antigenic analysis revealed that they did not belong to any of the recogniz ... | 1998 | 9642939 |
| shiga toxin attacks bacterial ribosomes as effectively as eucaryotic ribosomes. | several pathogenic bacteria, including shigelladysenteriae and certain strains of escherichia coli, produce potent class 2 ribosome inhibiting proteins (rips) termed shiga toxins (stx). the toxins are bipartite molecules composed of a single a chain (stxa) noncovalently associated with a pentamer of receptor-binding b subunits (stxb). stxa and stx1a from e. coli are protoxins. proteolysis generates an a1 enzyme (28 kda) and an a2 fragment (3 kda), which remain bound, inactivating the enzyme, unt ... | 1998 | 9649321 |
| surgical lessons learned from the shigella dysenteriae type i epidemic. | an epidemic of shigella dysenteriae type i is spreading through africa. it is a particularly infectious and virulent form of dysentery which can cause clinical confusion with other endemic diseases and may present to the surgeon as a result of its complications. a total of 140 children with shigella dysenteriae type i presented to the paediatricians at king edward viii hospital in 1995; 35 were referred to the surgeons because of abdominal tenderness, distension, peritonitis or perforation. ten ... | 1998 | 9654875 |
| shiga toxin type 1 activates tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transcription and nuclear translocation of the transcriptional activators nuclear factor-kappab and activator protein-1. | shiga toxins (stxs) produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli have been implicated in the pathogenesis of bloody diarrhea, acute renal failure, and neurologic abnormalities. the pathologic hallmark of stx-mediated tissue damage is the development of vascular lesions in which endothelial cells are swollen and detached from underlying basement membranes. however, in vitro studies using human vascular endothelial cells demonstrated minimal stx-induced cytopathic effects, unless the ta ... | 1998 | 9657756 |
| measurement of interglycosidic 3jch coupling constants of selectively 13c labeled oligosaccharides by 2d j-resolved 1h nmr spectroscopy. | tri-, tetra-, and penta-saccharide fragments of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 have been prepared in which a d-galactose residue of each oligosaccharide methyl glycoside derivative contains a 13c label at c-1. the interglycosidic coupling constants (3jch) of these 13c nuclei with the h-3 nuclei of the adjacent 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose residues have been measured by two-dimensional, j-resolved 1h nmr spectroscopy. the magnitudes of these coupling constants indic ... | 1998 | 9675362 |
| structure of the shigella dysenteriae haem transport locus and its phylogenetic distribution in enteric bacteria. | the ability to transport and use haemin as an iron source is frequently observed in clinical isolates of shigella spp. and pathogenic escherichia coli. we found that many of these haem-utilizing e. coli strains contain a gene that hybridizes at high stringency to the s. dysenteriae type 1 haem receptor gene, shua. these shua-positive strains belong to multiple phylogenetic groups and include clinical isolates from enteric, urinary tract and systemic infections. the distribution of shua in these ... | 1998 | 9680204 |
| antibacterial effects of n-sulfonated and n-sulfobenzoyl chitosan and application to oyster preservation. | the antibacterial effects of sulfonated and sulfobenzoyl chitosans were evaluated and compared with that of 69% deacetylated chitosan (dd69 chitosan). minimal inhibitory concentrations of sulfonated chitosan (sc1, 0.63% sulfur content) against shigella dysenteriae, aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella typhimurium, and bacillus cereus were found to be lower than those of dd69 chitosan. a high sulfur content in sulfonated chitosan adversely influenced its antibacterial effect. sulfobenzoyl chitosan (s ... | 1998 | 9766062 |
| epidemic shigella dysenteriae in mumias, western kenya. | 1998 | 9692143 | |
| alterations in high molecular mass penicillin-binding protein 1 associated with beta-lactam resistance in shigella dysenteriae. | beta-lactam resistance poses a major problem in the chemotherapy of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae. such resistance may arise from alterations in the affinities or amounts of the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) for beta-lactams, elaboration of beta-lactamases and reduced permeability across the outer membrane. the mechanisms of resistance in s. dysenteriae have not been studied in depth. this report describes a laboratory mutant, m19 which was characterized by the appearance of tw ... | 1998 | 9703984 |
| shiga toxin binds human platelets via globotriaosylceramide (pk antigen) and a novel platelet glycosphingolipid. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia that often follows infection by shiga toxin- or verotoxin-producing strains of escherichia coli. because thrombocytopenia and platelet activation are hallmark features of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, we examined the ability of shiga toxin to bind platelets by flow cytometry and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc) of isolated platelet glycosph ... | 1998 | 9712788 |
| binding of modified fragments of the shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide to monoclonal igm 3707 e9 and docking of the immunodeterminant to its modeled fv. | the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of shigella dysenteriae type 1 has been shown by others to have the structure-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alp ha-d- galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcpnac-(1-->. we have shown in the past that igm 3707 e9, an anti s. dysenteriae type 1 o-sp monoclonal antibody, binds specifically to the -alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp-determinant of the polysaccharide. in this report we show that determinant to have hydrogen bonds, necessary for binding to the ant ... | 1998 | 9742688 |
| human microvascular endothelial cells are strongly sensitive to shiga toxins. | we show here that the susceptibility of endothelial cells to shiga toxin (stx)s differs remarkably depending on their cellular origins. the concentration of stx-1 required to reduce cell viability by 50% as measured by mtt assay was 30 and 300 fm for neonatal and adult human microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec), respectively, and 30 pm for human coronary artery endothelial cells (hcaec). human umbilical venous endothelial cells (huvec) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (baec) showed no sens ... | 1998 | 9790920 |
| predictors of serum retinol in children with shigellosis. | low serum retinol can be useful as an indicator of depleted liver vitamin a stores, particularly in population-based studies. however, serum retinol concentrations decrease transiently during infection, independent of any changes in liver stores. the magnitude of the decrease in serum retinol is often proportional to indicators of disease severity. | 1998 | 9808227 |
| shigella at a wake in adelaide, june 1998. | 1998 | 9893341 | |
| age-related prevalence of shigella and salmonella antibodies and their association with diarrhoeal diseases in peruvian children. | shigella and salmonella antibodies in relation to diarrhoea were studied in a cohort of 413 children between 2 and 27 months of age in peri-urban lima, peru. blood samples were obtained at 2, 3 and 12 months of age. antibody titres against lipopolysaccharide from shigella flexneri serotype y, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, shigella sonnei, salmonella serogroups ao, bo, do, and shigella ipa and salmonella typhi vi antigens were measured by enzyme immunoassay. igg titres against s. flexneri and ... | 1998 | 9730303 |
| molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity. | cautious optimism has arisen over recent decades with respect to the long struggle against bacteria, viruses, and parasites. this has been offset, however, by a fatal complacency stemming from previous successes such as the development of antimicrobial drugs, the eradication of smallpox, and global immunization programs. infectious diseases nevertheless remain the world's leading cause of death, killing at least 17 million persons annually [61]. diarrheal diseases caused by vibrio cholerae or sh ... | 1998 | 9562989 |
| effect of subinhibitory concentrations of some quinolones on a strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) revealed that the outer membrane proteins of a strain of shigella dysenteriae exposed to four quinolone compounds (ciprofloxacin--cas 85721-33-1, ofloxacin--cas 83380-47-6, pefloxacin--cas 70458-95-6, and enoxacin--cas 74011-58-8) at subinhibitory concentrations of 1/4 or 1/8 of the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) showed no alterations as compared to the control. also the hydrophobicity of the cell surface of the test st ... | 1998 | 9541731 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1 toxin induced lipid peroxidation in enterocytes isolated from rabbit ileum. | to evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ros) in shigella dysenteriae 1 toxin (stx) mediated intestinal infection, the ligated rabbit small intestinal loops were injected with stx. the enterocytes isolated from stx treated rabbit ileal loops had a significantly higher level of lipid peroxidation as compared to enterocytes isolated from control rabbit ileum. to study the role of second messengers in stx mediated intestinal damage, the in vivo and in vitro effects of modulators of lipid pe ... | 1998 | 9546597 |
| shigellosis in children: a clinico-epidemiological comparison between shigella dysenteriae type i and shigella flexneri. | we reviewed the clinical and epidemiological features of 390 children under 5 years of age infected with either shigella dysenteriae type i or shigella flexneri attending a diarrhoea treatment centre from 1993 to 1995 in dhaka, bangladesh. older age (24 months or more), underweight and wasting but not stunting were the host factors significantly more associated with shigella dysenteriae type i infection than in shigella flexneri-infected children. moreover, use of antibiotics at home, use of wat ... | 1998 | 9924557 |
| [resistance of respiratory and enteral bacteria to antibiotics]. | 1998 | 9927887 | |
| [effect of hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the bacterium shigella dysenteriae 1 and antigens isolated from them]. | 1998 | 9949513 | |
| shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains are derived from distinct ancestral strains of e. coli. | the differentiation between shigella subspecies, and the phylogenetic position of shigella clones within escherichia coli clones was determined by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rdna (ribotyping). seventy-five shigella strains belonging to the four subspecies and 13 enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) strains were compared with the 72 e. coli strains of the ecor collection, which have been classified into four phylogenetic groups (a, b1, b2 and d). seventeen shigella dysenter ... | 1998 | 9782516 |
| disruption of an internal membrane-spanning region in shiga toxin 1 reduces cytotoxicity. | shiga toxin type 1 (stx1) belongs to the shiga family of bipartite ab toxins that inactivate eukaryotic 60s ribosomes. the a subunit of stxs are n-glycosidases that share structural and functional features in their catalytic center and in an internal hydrophobic region that shows strong transmembrane propensity. both features are conserved in ricin and other ribosomal inactivating proteins. during eukaryotic cell intoxication, holotoxin likely moves retrograde from the golgi apparatus to the end ... | 1998 | 9784530 |
| [ciprofloxacin in the treatment of dysentery caused by type 1 shigella dysenteriae during an epidemic in rwandan refugees in goma in 1994]. | there was an outbreak of dysentery caused by type i shigella dysenteriae among rwandan refugees at goma, in what was then zaire, in 1994. the causal organism was resistant to all antibiotics available from the public health authorities. the only effective antimicrobial agent available was ciprofloxacin. it was given to 326 inpatients at the médecins sans frontières (msf) center, mostly children under the age of 5, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. a standard dose schedule was used: ... | 1998 | 9794043 |
| inhibition of prokaryotic translation by the shiga toxin enzymatic subunit. | shiga toxin, produced by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, is a member of the large family of ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) which are primarily produced by plants. all rips are rrna n-glycosidases which inactivate ribosomes through the removal of a specific adenine residue from the well-conserved aminoacyl-trna-accepting loop of rrna. as a type ii rip, stx is believed to have little effect on prokaryotic ribosomes. however, we have demonstrated that over-expression of the stx enzymatic (a ... | 1998 | 9480794 |