Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| recombinant truncated flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei as a molecular probe for diagnosis of melioidosis. | current serological tests for melioidosis, using impure or uncharacterized cell antigens from burkholderia pseudomallei, have problems in detection sensitivity and specificity. therefore, we designed and expressed the recombinant flagellin (truncated at both the n- and c-terminal ends), and used the antigen to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to diagnose melioidosis. comparison of the immunoreactivities of the full-length and truncated flagellins reveals that the tru ... | 2003 | 12738642 |
| transformation of azospirillum brasilense cd with an acc deaminase gene from enterobacter cloacae uw4 fused to the tet r gene promoter improves its fitness and plant growth promoting ability. | it has been reported that pgpb, containing acc deaminase, can cleave the plant ethylene precursor acc and thereby lower ethylene concentration in a developing or stressed plant, protecting it against the deleterious effects of stress ethylene and facilitating the formation of longer roots. in a previous work we have demonstrated expression of the acc deaminase gene ( acds) from enterobacter cloacae uw4 under the control of the lac promoter in azospirillum brasilense cd. with the inference that a ... | 2003 | 12739073 |
| crystal structure of thiamindiphosphate-dependent indolepyruvate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. | the thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzyme indolepyruvate decarboxylase catalyses the formation of indoleacetaldehyde from indolepyruvate, one step in the indolepyruvate pathway of biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. the crystal structure of this enzyme from enterobacter cloacae has been determined at 2.65 a resolution and refined to a crystallographic r-factor of 20.5% (rfree 23.6%). the subunit of indolepyruvate decarboxylase contains three domains of open alpha/beta topology ... | 2003 | 12752451 |
| studies on structure-function relationships of indolepyruvate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae, a key enzyme of the indole acetic acid pathway. | enterobacter cloacae, isolated from the rhizosphere of cucumbers, produces large amounts of indole-3-acetic acid. indolepyruvate decarboxylase, the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of indole-3-acetic acid, catalyses the formation of indole-3-acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide from indole-3-pyruvic acid. the enzyme requires the cofactors thiamine diphosphate and magnesium ions for catalytic activity. recombinant indolepyruvate decarboxylase was purified from the host escherichia coli strain jm ... | 2003 | 12752452 |
| evaluation of biotracers to monitor effluent retention time in constructed wetlands. | with concern surrounding the environmental impact of chemical tracers on the aquatic environment, this paper presents the initial evaluation of biotracers used to determine the effluent retention time, an important performance indicator, in a free water surface constructed wetland. | 2003 | 12753243 |
| the high-pathogenicity island is absent in human pathogens of salmonella enterica subspecies i but present in isolates of subspecies iii and vi. | in this study we tested 74 salmonella strains of all eight salmonella groups and were able to demonstrate the presence of two high-pathogenicity island types in strains of salmonella groups iiia, iiib, and vi. most high-pathogenicity island-positive isolates produced yersiniabactin under iron-limited conditions and were positive for the high-molecular-weight proteins hmwp1 and hmwp2. | 2003 | 12533488 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. | quinolone resistance encoded by the qnr gene and mediated by plasmid pmg252 was discovered in a clinical strain of klebsiella pneumoniae that was isolated in 1994 at the university of alabama at birmingham medical center. the gene codes for a protein that protects dna gyrase from quinolone inhibition and that belongs to the pentapeptide repeat family of proteins. the prevalence of the gene has been investigated by using pcr with qnr-specific primers with a sample of more than 350 gram-negative s ... | 2003 | 12543659 |
| in vivo acquisition of ceftriaxone resistance in salmonella enterica serotype anatum. | the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents within the salmonellas is a worldwide and severe problem. a case of treatment failure due to the emergence of resistance to ceftriaxone in salmonella enterica serotype anatum was studied. s. enterica serotype anatum and escherichia coli, both of which are susceptible to ceftriaxone, were initially isolated from a diabetic patient hospitalized for the treatment of wound and urinary tract infections. resistant s. enterica serotype anatum and e. c ... | 2003 | 12543660 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium bla(per-1)-carrying plasmid psti1 encodes an extended-spectrum aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase of type ib. | we have studied the aminoglycoside resistance gene, which confers high levels of resistance to both amikacin and gentamicin, that is carried by plasmid psti1 in the per-1 beta-lactamase-producing strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium previously isolated in turkey. this gene, called aac(6')-ib(11), was found in a class 1 integron and codes for a protein of 188 amino acids, a fusion product between the n-terminal moiety (8 amino acids) of the signal peptide of the beta-lactamase oxa-1 ... | 2003 | 12543680 |
| clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: prevalence of ctx-m-3 at a hospital in china. | the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains was demonstrated in 5 of 44 (11.4%) escherichia coli, 17 of 43 (39.5%) klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 of 50 (6.0%) enterobacter cloacae, and 2 of 25 (8.0%) citrobacter freundii strains at a teaching hospital in china. nineteen of these 27 strains expressed ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase (pi 8.6). a subset of the clinical isolates expressing the ctx-m-3 enzyme, tested by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, revealed multiple clones. five isolate ... | 2003 | 12543694 |
| levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in vitro activities against 4,003 clinical bacterial isolates collected in 24 italian laboratories. | levofloxacin showed comparable in vitro susceptibility to ciprofloxacin among enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, and staphylococcus aureus, while greater susceptibility was observed in stenotrophomonas maltophilia and staphylococcus epidermidis, mainly when oxacillin resistant. the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae to levofloxacin reached 99%. | 2003 | 12543701 |
| noti passporting to identify species composition of complex microbial systems. | we describe here a new method for large-scale scanning of microbial genomes on a quantitative and qualitative basis. to achieve this aim we propose to create noti passports: databases containing noti tags. we demonstrated that these tags comprising 19 bp of sequence information could be successfully generated using dna isolated from intestinal or fecal samples. such noti passports allow the discrimination between closely related bacterial species and even strains. this procedure for generating r ... | 2003 | 12527794 |
| in vitro activities of telithromycin and 10 oral agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | a study of the comparative in vitro activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, against 155 aerobic and 171 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed it to be active against a broad range of sinus pathogens. all pneumococci, including erythromycin-resistant strains, were susceptible to telithromycin at < or = 0.5 microg/ml; all haemophilus influenzae and eikenella corrodens strains were inhibited by < or = 4 microg of telithromycin/ml; all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevote ... | 2003 | 12760875 |
| immunity profiles of wild-type and recombinant shiga-like toxin-encoding bacteriophages and characterization of novel double lysogens. | the pathogenicity of shiga-like toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec), notably serotype o157, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, is based partly on the presence of genes (stx(1) and/or stx(2)) that are known to be carried on temperate lambdoid bacteriophages. stx phages were isolated from different stec strains and found to have genome sizes in the range of 48 to 62 kb and to carry either stx(1) or stx(2) genes. ... | 2003 | 12761125 |
| a new view of the mechanisms of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (aroa) derived from x-ray structures of their tetrahedral reaction intermediate states. | udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (aroa) constitute the small enzyme family of enolpyruvyl transferases, which catalyze the chemically unusual reaction of enolpyruvyl transfer. mura catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall; aroa is the sixth enzyme of the shikimate pathway leading to the synthesis of aromatic compounds in numerous microorganisms and plants. because both metabolic pathways are abse ... | 2003 | 13129913 |
| beta-lactamase stability of faropenem. | faropenem (far) is an orally available member of the penem class unique among carbapenems and other available beta-lactams. this study compared far to cephalosporins and imipenem with respect to beta-lactamase (bla) stability and emergence of resistance to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. bla stability was studied using enzyme preparations from sonicated/centrifuged 24-hour cultures of e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, klebsiella pneumoniae, s. aur ... | 2003 | 14504433 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients in four european countries, canada, and the united states in 2000-2001 to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and comparator antimicrobials: implications for therapy. | access to current antimicrobial agent surveillance data is an important prerequisite for the optimal management of patients with hospital-acquired infections. the present study used data collected in 2000 to 2001 from 670 laboratories in europe (france, germany, italy, and spain), canada, and the united states to report on the in vitro activities of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and comparative agents against >125,000 isolates of gram-negative bacteria from hospitalized patients. all but two isolates ... | 2003 | 14506014 |
| population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in pediatric and adolescent patients with acute infections. | the aim of the present study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in patients with and without cystic fibrosis ranging in age from 1 day to 24 years and to propose a limited sampling strategy to estimate individual pharmacokinetic parameters. patients were divided into four groups according to the treatment schedule. they received ciprofloxacin by intravenous infusion (30 min) or by the oral route. the number of samples collected from each patient ranged from 1 to ... | 2003 | 14506027 |
| the biological activity of antibacterial substance produced by enterobacter cloacae b8. | an antibacterial substance was extracted and purified from the culture of enterobacter cloacae b8 and the antagonistic activities of the extract to 229 clinical pathogen strains was tested by the k-b paper-dish method. the extract of enterobacter cloacae b8 showed strongly antagonistic activity to all 146 tested stains of staphylococcus spp.; the antagonistic diameter was about 18-32 mm, averaging about 26.5 mm; showing especially strong antagonistic activity to all 87 tested strains of methicil ... | 2003 | 14509942 |
| [prostate histopathology of nih category iv prostatitis detected by sextant prostate needle biopsy from the patients with high prostatic specific antigen]. | asymptomatic prostatitis is classified as category iv in nih classification of prostatitis syndrome (1999). no report concerning this category has been present. we investigated this category histopathologically and clinically, in order to clarify the histopathological distribution and its correlation to the clinical features, in this study. among 785 patients who were suspected prostate cancer because of their high prostatic specific antigen (psa) values and to have a sextant prostate needle bio ... | 2003 | 14515754 |
| crystal structure of enterobacter cloacae 908r class c beta-lactamase bound to iodo-acetamido-phenyl boronic acid, a transition-state analogue. | the structures of the class c beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae 908r alone and in complex with a boronic acid transition-state analogue were determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.1 and 2.3 a, respectively. the structure of the enzyme resembles those of other class c beta-lactamases. the structure of the complex with the transition-state analogue, iodo-acetamido-phenyl boronic acid, shows that the inhibitor is covalently bound to the active-site serine (ser64). binding of the inhibitor ... | 2003 | 14521155 |
| anaerobic degradation of flavonoids by clostridium orbiscindens. | an anaerobic, quercetin-degrading bacterium was isolated from human feces and identified as clostridium orbiscindens by comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the organism was tested for its ability to transform several flavonoids. the isolated c. orbiscindens strain converted quercetin and taxifolin to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; luteolin and eriodictyol to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; and apigenin, naringenin, and phloretin to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, respectively ... | 2003 | 14532034 |
| multiplex real-time pcr method to identify shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2 and escherichia coli o157:h7/h- serotype. | a multiplex real-time pcr method to simultaneously detect the stx1 and stx2 genes of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and a unique conserved single-nucleotide polymorphism in the e. coli o157:h7/h- uida gene has been developed. there is more than 98.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity for all three gene targets based on a panel of 138 isolates. the pcr efficiencies were >/= 1.89, and as few as 6 cfu/reaction could be detected. | 2003 | 14532101 |
| algorithm to determine cost savings of targeting antimicrobial therapy based on results of rapid diagnostic testing. | a rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia may allow the earlier use of narrow-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. it is unknown, however, whether rapid diagnostic testing of patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) admitted to hospital lowers costs. therefore, an algorithm to calculate the costs associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cap was formulated. subsequently, the algorithm was applied to clinical data for 122 consecutively admitted patients with cap whose sputu ... | 2003 | 14532208 |
| detection of yersinia pestis in sputum by real-time pcr. | a 5' nuclease pcr assay for detection of the yersinia pestis plasminogen activator (pla) gene in human respiratory specimens with simulated y. pestis infection was developed. an internal positive control was added to the reaction mixture in order to detect the presence of pcr inhibitors that are often found in biological samples. the assay was 100% specific for y. pestis. in the absence of inhibitors, a sensitivity of 10(2) cfu/ml of respiratory fluid was obtained. when inhibitors were present, ... | 2003 | 14532247 |
| are infections due to resistant pathogens associated with a worse outcome in critically ill patients? | to evaluate the outcome of critically ill patients infected with antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, and to analyse the factors involved in the development of antimicrobial resistance. | 2003 | 14556755 |
| potential uses of probiotics in clinical practice. | probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. there is now mounting evidence that selected probiotic strains can provide health benefits to their human hosts. numerous clinical trials show that certain strains can improve the outcome of intestinal infections by reducing the duration of diarrhea. further investigations have shown benefits in reducing the recurrence of urogenital infections in women, while promising ... | 2003 | 14557292 |
| [an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia (gnb), especially enterobacter cloacae, in patients with long-term tunnelled haemodialysis catheters]. | vascular access through a venous catheter for haemodialysis is associated with increased risk of thrombosis, central venous stenosis, short access survival and inadequate dialysis. the most important catheter-related complications, which determine method survival, are infection and dysfunction. in particular, infectious episodes are in some studies the leading cause for untimely catheter removal and for catheter-related morbidity but also for morbidity in dialysis patients. double-lumen central ... | 2003 | 14558333 |
| determination of decimal reduction time (d value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes. | prior to the selection of disinfectants for low, intermediate and high (sterilizing) levels, the decimal reduction time, d-value, for the most common and persistent bacteria identified at a health care facility should be determined. | 2003 | 14563217 |
| [yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2001--ii. gram-negative bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. a total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobact ... | 2003 | 14567255 |
| a low molecular weight enterotoxic hemolysin from clinical enterobacter cloacae. | seven of 50 enterobacter cloacae strains from clinical isolates produced small turbid zones of hemolysis in horse and sheep blood agar plates, and the culture supernatants were also positive for hemolytic activity. the hemolysin was partially purified from the culture supernatant of e. cloacae by ultrafiltration (pm-10 membrane) and extraction with acetone. semipurified hemolysin was stable to heating (100 degrees c, 30 min) and was soluble in organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol). t ... | 2003 | 14569289 |
| cefepime versus imipenem-cilastatin for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, evaluator-blind, prospective, randomized study. | in a randomized, evaluator-blind, multicenter trial, we compared cefepime (2 g three times a day) with imipenem-cilastatin (500 mg four times a day) for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in 281 intensive care unit patients from 13 centers in six european countries. of 209 patients eligible for per-protocol analysis of efficacy, favorable clinical responses were achieved in 76 of 108 (70%) patients treated with cefepime and 75 of 101 (74%) patients treated with imipenem-cilastatin. the 95% co ... | 2003 | 14576100 |
| bacteremia in hematological and oncological children with febrile neutropenia: experience in a tertiary medical center in taiwan. | a retrospective study of bacteremia in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to a medical center in taiwan from january 1999 to december 1999 was performed. there were 190 episodes of febrile neutropenia during this period and 46 pathogens were isolated from blood specimens in 38 bacteremic episodes (7 mixed infections). pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.4%), staphylococcus aureus (10.9%), klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9%), and enterobacter cloacae (10.9%) were the most common isolates. three of the 5 ... | 2003 | 14582565 |
| intestinal microflora in early infancy: composition and development. | the neonatal intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of numerous genera, species and strains of bacteria. this enormous cell mass performs a variety of unique activities that affect both the colonic and systemic physiology. its primary activities include nutritive, metabolic, immunological and protective functions. most studies of infants have been based on faecal samples using the classical plating techniques with culturing on specific media. the limitations of these methods must ... | 2003 | 14599042 |
| construction of escherichia coli strains for conversion of nitroacetophenones to ortho-aminophenols. | the predominant bacterial pathway for nitrobenzene (nb) degradation uses an nb nitroreductase and hydroxylaminobenzene (hab) mutase to form the ring-fission substrate ortho-aminophenol. we tested the hypothesis that constructed strains might accumulate the aminophenols from nitroacetophenones and other nitroaromatic compounds. we constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying nb nitroreductase (nbza) and hab mutase a (haba) genes, both from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes js45, and expressed the enzym ... | 2003 | 14602609 |
| application of an rrna probe matrix for rapid identification of bacteria and fungi from routine blood cultures. | one of the most important functions of the clinical microbiology laboratory is the identification of the etiology of sepsis. for this study, aliquots from 405 positive blood cultures were tested against a unique array of dna probes directed against rrna subsequences of bacteria and fungi for identification. another 280 samples that were negative after 5 days of incubation were also tested. blood culture bottles were incubated in a bact/alert3d instrument. for the rrna assay, a 0.4-ml aliquot was ... | 2003 | 14605149 |
| a simple method for semi-preparative-scale production and recovery of enterocin as-48 derived from enterococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens a-48-32. | production of enterocin as-48 by enterococcus faecalis a-48-32 was compared between standard and high-cell density batch fermentations. in high-cell density cultures, bacteriocin production was 2.47-fold higher, provided that the ph was controlled during the fermentation. a two-step procedure for recovery of milligram quantities of purified bacteriocin was developed, based on adsorption of the bacteriocin on carboxymethyl sephadex cm-25 followed by reversed-phase chromatography on a semi-prepara ... | 2003 | 14607403 |
| evaluation of parameters affecting quantitative detection of escherichia coli o157 in enriched water samples using immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence. | we report here the use of immunomagnetic (im) electrochemiluminescence (ecl) for quantitative detection of esherichia coli o157:h7 in water samples following enrichment in minimal lactose broth (mlb). im beads prepared in-house with four commercial anti-o157 monoclonal antibodies were compared for efficiency of cell capture. im-ecl responses for e. coli o157:h7 (strain sea13b88) were similar for all four commercial anti-o157 lps monoclonal antibodies. the ecl signal was linearly correlated with ... | 2003 | 14607414 |
| a new alginate-based rapid method for determining coliforms in milk. | a new rapid method for monitoring coliforms was developed on the basis of the instant gelling effects of alginate and calcium. the effectiveness of this new method in the detection of coliforms was evaluated. tests involving escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, total coliforms in milk, cold-injured coliforms, and total coliforms in raw milk were carried out. the bacterial samples were diluted in 0.2% peptone water containing 90 mm cacl2 and added into test tubes contain ... | 2003 | 14627297 |
| confirmation of escherichia coli and its distinction from klebsiella species by gas and indole formation at 44 and 44.5 degrees c. | in the enumeration of coliform bacteria, confirmation of escherichia coli has been based upon gas and indole production at the elevated incubation temperature. the test for gas production has recently been questioned. the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gas production test on the reliability of confirmation of e. coli. | 2003 | 14632997 |
| antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from infant formulas. | a total of 90 samples of infant formula (if) were collected from the lactary of a teaching hospital, during a 4-month period from july to august 1999. the sanitary conditions of the formulas were analyzed, and a physiological characterization of gram-negative bacillus isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed. colony counts were considered to be unacceptable for the majority of the if samples and the contamination rates were related to inadequate handling. coliforms (35 de ... | 2003 | 14638421 |
| selenate reduction by enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1 is catalysed by a molybdenum-dependent membrane-bound enzyme that is distinct from the membrane-bound nitrate reductase. | enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1 is capable of reducing selenium oxyanions to elemental selenium under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. in this study the enzyme that catalyses the initial reduction of selenate (seo4(2-)) to selenite (seo3(2-)) has been localised to isolated cytoplasmic membrane fractions. experiments with intact cells have shown that the putative selenate reductase can accept electrons more readily from membrane-impermeable methyl viologen than membrane-permeable benzyl violog ... | 2003 | 14638434 |
| carbapenem-resistant strain of klebsiella oxytoca harboring carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase kpc-2. | we investigated a klebsiella oxytoca isolate demonstrating resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. the mics of both imipenem and meropenem were 32 microg/ml. the beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated five beta-lactamases with pis of 8.2 (shv-46), 6.7 (kpc-2), 6.5 (unknown), 6.4 (probable oxy-2), and 5.4 (tem-1). the presence of the bla(shv) and ... | 2003 | 14638498 |
| prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae in the asia-pacific region: results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 1998 to 2001. | enterobacter cloacae strains from hospitalized patients with a range of infections were collected by 17 laboratories in the asia-pacific region and south africa. isolates for which ceftriaxone mics were above 1 microg/ml and/or ceftazidime mics were above 2 microg/ml, as well as 46 strains for which ceftriaxone and/or ceftazidime mics were at or below these values, were screened for levels of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production through the use of broth microdilution for the detect ... | 2003 | 14638518 |
| a molecular phylogeny of enteric bacteria and implications for a bacterial species concept. | a molecular phylogeny for seven taxa of enteric bacteria (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, hafnia alvei, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pneumoniae, and serratia plymuthica) was made from multiple isolates per taxa taken from a collection of environmental enteric bacteria. sequences from five housekeeping genes (gapa, groel, gyra, ompa, and pgi) and the 16s rrna gene were used to infer individual gene trees and were concatenated to infer a composite molecular phylogen ... | 2003 | 14640415 |
| novel mechanism of inhibiting beta-lactamases by sulfonylation using beta-sultams. | beta-sultams are the sulfonyl analogues of beta-lactams and n-acyl beta-sultams are novel inactivators of the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99. the rates of inactivation show a similar ph-rate dependence as that exhibited by the beta-lactam antibiotics and with esims data it is suggested that beta-sultams sulfonylate the active site serine residue to form a sulfonate ester. | 2003 | 14643353 |
| [infective pathogens and drug resistance in burned patients]. | to find out the changes in the infective pathogens and their drug resistance in burned patients. | 2003 | 14653131 |
| transduction of porcine enteropathogenic escherichia coli with a derivative of a shiga toxin 2-encoding bacteriophage in a porcine ligated ileal loop system. | in this study, we have investigated the ability of detoxified shiga toxin (stx)-converting bacteriophages phi3538 (deltastx(2)::cat) (h. schmidt et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 65:3855-3861, 1999) and h-19b::tn10d-bla (d. w. acheson et al., infect. immun. 66:4496-4498, 1998) to lysogenize enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains in vivo. we were able to transduce the porcine epec strain 1390 (o45) with phi3538 (deltastx(2)::cat) in porcine ligated ileal loops but not the human epec pro ... | 2003 | 14660372 |
| a double application approach to ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis. | to investigate if a second drop of 2.5% povidone-iodine ophthalmic solution placed within the first postnatal day would achieve better prophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum than a single drop applied at birth. | 2003 | 14660449 |
| multicenter validation of the analytical accuracy of salmonella pcr: towards an international standard. | as part of a major international project for the validation and standardization of pcr for detection of five major food-borne pathogens, four primer sets specific for salmonella species were evaluated in-house for their analytical accuracy (selectivity and detection limit) in identifying 43 salmonella spp. and 47 non-salmonella strains. the most selective primer set was found to be 139-141 (k. rahn, s. a. de grandis, r. c. clarke, s. a. mcewen, j. e. galán, c. ginocchio, r. curtiss iii, and c. l ... | 2003 | 12514007 |
| occurrence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among members of the family enterobacteriaceae at the tel-aviv medical center (israel) and evaluation of diagnostic tests. | we assessed the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers among cefuroxime-resistant (cxm-r) (mic > or = 32 micro g/ml) members of the family enterobacteriaceae in our institution. the 438 cxm-r clinical isolates obtained from nonurine sources among inpatients were screened. esbl production was confirmed by disk diffusion assay using cefpodoxime (cpd), cefotaxime (ctx), and ceftazidime (ctz) with and without clavulanate (clav). a difference of ... | 2003 | 12517841 |
| comparison of recovery of blood culture isolates from two bact/alert fan aerobic blood culture bottles with recovery from one fan aerobic bottle and one fan anaerobic bottle. | traditionally, a routine blood culture for adult patients consisted of paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles, but the routine use of an anaerobic blood culture bottle has been challenged in recent years. in this study, we compared the recovery of two fan aerobic bottles with one fan aerobic and one fan anaerobic bottle. each pair of bottles was collected by a separate collection procedure, and each bottle held a recommended 8- to 12-ml draw. a total of 704 clinically significant isolates were rec ... | 2003 | 12517851 |
| rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from sterile or nonsterile clinical samples by a new molecular assay. | a rapid procedure was developed for detection and identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) directly from sterile sites or mixed flora samples (e.g., nose or inguinal swabs). after a rapid conditioning of samples, the method consists of two main steps: (i) immunomagnetic enrichment in s. aureus and (ii) amplification-detection profile on dna extracts using multiplex quantitative pcr (5'-exonuclease qpcr, taqman). the triplex qpcr assay measures simultaneously the follo ... | 2003 | 12517857 |
| evaluation of a novel automated chemiluminescent assay system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | the newly developed rapid lumi eiken/is60 (rl/is60) system automatically determines mics by detecting chemiluminescence produced in the reaction of a chemiluminescent probe and oxygen metabolites from living microorganisms. the present study evaluated this system for accuracy in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. chemiluminescence intensities after 4 h of cultivation of clinically important strains were plotted against various concentrations of antimicrobial agents, which resulted in curves r ... | 2003 | 12517861 |
| performance evaluation of the versant hcv rna qualitative assay by using transcription-mediated amplification. | a preclinical evaluation of a qualitative assay for the detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna by transcription-mediated amplification (tma) was conducted according to the guidelines of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards and the u.s. food and drug administration. our results showed that this assay, hcv tma, detected 95% of samples with hcv rna concentrations of 5.3 iu/ml and 29 copies/ml. hcv tma showed an overall specificity of 99.6% and was highly reproducible, detectin ... | 2003 | 12517866 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of carbapenems: multicenter validity testing and accuracy levels of five antimicrobial test methods for detecting resistance in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. | from january 1996 to may 1999, project icare (intensive care antimicrobial resistance epidemiology) received 448 nonduplicate clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa that were reported to be imipenem intermediate or resistant. however, broth microdilution (bmd) confirmatory testing at the project icare central laboratory confirmed this result in only 11 of 123 (8.9%) enterobacteriaceae isolates and 241 of 325 (74.2%) p. aeruginosa isolates. to investigate this overdete ... | 2003 | 12517872 |
| evaluation of microscan autoscan for identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. | accurate identification of gram-negative bacilli from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients is essential. only 57% (108 of 189) of nonmucoid strains and 40% (24 of 60) of mucoid strains were definitively identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa with microscan autoscan. most common misidentifications were pseudomonas fluorescens-pseudomonas putida (i.e., the strain was either p. fluorescens or p. putida, but the system did not make the distinction and yielded the result p. fluorescens/putida) and alcaligenes ... | 2003 | 12517904 |
| activities of the glycylcycline tigecycline (gar-936) against 1,924 recent european clinical bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activities of tigecycline against 1,924 clinical isolates were examined. the new glycylcycline exhibited excellent activity against all gram-positive cocci (mics at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited [mic(90)s], <or=1 microg/ml). in addition, it was also very potent against most members of the enterobacteriaceae, with most mic(90)s being <or=2 microg/ml. among the nonfermenters, acinetobacter spp. and stenotrophomonas maltophilia are included in the in vitro spectrum of ... | 2003 | 12499224 |
| microbiology of choledochal bile in patients with choledocholithiasis admitted to a tertiary hospital. | the present study was designed to investigate the microbiology of choledochal bile of patients with cholangitis and choledocholithiasis. | 2003 | 12603536 |
| in vitro activity of s-3578, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of s-3578, a new parenteral cephalosporin, against clinical isolates was evaluated. the mics of the drug at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited were 4 micro g/ml for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and 2 micro g/ml for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, which were fourfold higher than and equal to those of vancomycin, respectively. the anti-mrsa activity of s-3578 was considered to be due to its high affinity for penicill ... | 2003 | 12604523 |
| production of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and imp-1 metallo beta-lactamase by five gram-negative bacilli: survey of clinical isolates from seven laboratories collected in 1998 and 2000, in the kinki region of japan. | the aim of this study was to research the distribution in the kinki region of japan of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and metallo beta-lactamase (mbl). one thousand isolates, 200 of each of four enterobacterial species (i.e. escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens) and 200 of p. aeruginosa, were collected from seven different laboratories during two 2 month periods, one in 1998 and o ... | 2003 | 12615865 |
| identification of an unknown promoter, outiip, within the is10r element. | a novel promoter in is10r (outiip) has been found in one of its ends in an inverted position relative to promoter pout. outiip shows characteristics similar to those of rpos-dependent promoters such as a gearbox expression pattern. it is under catabolite repression and positively regulated by ppgpp or conditioned media. this opens new challenges in is10r transposition. | 2003 | 12618473 |
| a real-time pcr assay for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. | a real-time pcr assay was developed for the quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. the specificity of the assay for c. jejuni was demonstrated with a diverse range of campylobacter species, related organisms, and unrelated genera. the assay had a linear range of quantification over six orders of magnitude, and the limit of detection was approximately 12 genome equivalents. the assay was used to detect c. jejuni in both naturally and artificially contami ... | 2003 | 12620820 |
| comparison of methods for dna isolation from food samples for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by real-time pcr. | in this study, food samples were intentionally contaminated with escherichia coli o157:h7, and then dna was isolated by using four commercial kits. the isolated dna samples were compared by using real-time pcr detection of the shiga toxin genes. the four kits tested worked similarly. | 2003 | 12620880 |
| an improved enrichment broth for isolation of escherichia coli o157, with specific reference to starved cells, from radish sprouts. | an enrichment broth was developed for the efficient isolation of escherichia coli o157 from radish sprouts. the broth was buffered peptone water containing 0.5% sodium thioglycolate (stg-bpw), which was designed to allow growth of e. coli o157 in starved and unstarved states. however, this medium suppressed the growth of non-carbohydrate-fermenting obligate aerobes whose colonial appearance on sorbitol macconkey agar containing cefixime and tellurite (ct-smac) resembled that of e. coli o157. bot ... | 2003 | 12620883 |
| purification and characterization of prba, a new esterase from enterobacter cloacae hydrolyzing the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). | the esterase prba from enterobacter cloacae strain em has previously been shown to confer additional resistance to the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) to two species of enterobacter. the prba protein has been purified from e. cloacae strain em using a three-step protocol resulting in a 60-fold increase in specific activity. the molecular mass of the mature enzyme was determined to be 54,619 +/- 1 da by mass spectrometry. it is highly active against a series of parabens with alkyl grou ... | 2003 | 12556461 |
| novel antibiotic-resistance markers in pgk12-derived vectors for borrelia burgdorferi. | extension of molecular genetics studies in borrelia burgdorferi has been hampered by a lack of a variety of antibiotic resistance selective markers. such markers are critical for isolation of b. burgdorferi strains with multiple mutants, for complementation with different cloning vectors, and for methods such as negative selection and reporter genes. to remedy this lack, resistance to various antibiotics of non-infectious (b31, 297) and infectious (n40) b. burgdorferi strains was examined and ve ... | 2003 | 12559574 |
| characterization of a new integron containing vim-2, a metallo- beta-lactamase gene cassette, in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae. | we report the first description of a new integron containing bla(vim-2), a metallo-beta-lactamase gene from enterobacter cloacae ku680, which was isolated from peritoneal fluid of a liver cirrhosis patient in south korea. antibiotic susceptibility testing, and modified hodge and edta-disc synergy tests, were carried out to screen for metallo-beta-lactamase-producing strains. pcr and sequence analysis were used to identify and analyse the bla(vim-2)-containing integron. the isolate was resistant ... | 2003 | 12562709 |
| differential inactivation of seed exudate stimulation of pythium ultimum sporangium germination by enterobacter cloacae influences biological control efficacy on different plant species. | this study was initiated to understand whether differential biological control efficacy of enterobacter cloacae on various plant species is due to differences in the ability of e. cloacae to inactivate the stimulatory activity of seed exudates to pythium ultimum sporangium germination. in biological control assays, e. cloacae was effective in controlling pythium damping-off when placed on the seeds of carrot, cotton, cucumber, lettuce, radish, tomato, and wheat but failed to protect corn and pea ... | 2003 | 12571037 |
| optimum detection times for bacteria and yeast species with the bactec 9120 aerobic blood culture system: evaluation for a 5-year period in a turkish university hospital. | we tracked and documented the time of positivity of blood cultures by using the bactec 9120 (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems) blood culture system over a 5-year study period. a 7-day protocol of the incubation period was selected, and a total of 11156 blood cultures were evaluated. the clinically significant microorganisms (32.95%) were isolated in 3676 specimens. gram-positive and -negative bacterial isolation rates were found to be 41.07 and 44.88%, respectively. yeasts were fou ... | 2003 | 12574291 |
| inhibition of beta-lactamases by monocyclic acyl phosph(on)ates. | the cyclic acyl phosph(on)ates, 1-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2,6-dioxaphosphorinone(3)-1-oxide, its 4-phenyl isomer, and the phosphonate (2-oxo) analogue of the latter inhibited typical class a (tem-2) and class c (enterobacter cloacae p99) beta-lactamases in a time-dependent fashion. no enzyme-catalyzed turnover was detected in any case. the interactions occurring were interpreted in terms of the reaction scheme e + i left arrow over right arrow ei left arrow over right arrow ei', where ei is a reversibl ... | 2003 | 12578365 |
| relish-mediated immune deficiency in the transgenic mosquito aedes aegypti. | the lack of genetic means has been a serious limitation in studying mosquito immunity. we generated relish-mediated immune deficiency (rmid) by transforming aedes aegypti with the delta rel transgene driven by the vitellogenin (vg) promoter using the pbac[3xp3-egfp, afm] vector. a stable transformed line had a single copy of the vg-delta rel transgene. the vg-delta rel transgene expression was highly activated by blood feeding, and transgenic mosquitoes were extremely susceptible to the infectio ... | 2003 | 12594340 |
| altered substrate selection of the melibiose transporter (mely) of enterobacter cloacae involving point mutations in leu-88, leu-91, and ala-182 that confer enhanced maltose transport. | we isolated mutants of escherichia coli hs4006 containing the melibiose-h(+) symporter (mely) from enterobacter cloacae that had enhanced fermentation on 1% maltose macconkey plates. dna sequencing revealed three site classes of mutations: l-88-p, l-91-p, and a-182-p. the mutants l-88-p and l-91-p had 3.6- and 5.1-fold greater maltose uptake than the wild type and enhanced apparent affinities for maltose. energy-coupled transport was defective for melibiose accumulation, but detectable maltose a ... | 2003 | 12775706 |
| new substrates for beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes: aryl malonamates. | aryl malonamates are demonstrated to be novel substrates of a broad range of beta-lactam-recognizing enzymes. these compounds are isomers of the aryl phenaceturates, which are well-known substrates of these enzymes, but the new compounds contain a retro-amide side chain. several lines of evidence, including comparisons of steady-state kinetic parameters between enzymes and a detailed investigation of the methanolysis kinetics, solvent deuterium isotope effects, and ph-rate profile for turnover o ... | 2003 | 12779326 |
| oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases nfsa and nfsb of escherichia coli function under anaerobic conditions as lawsone-dependent azo reductases. | quinones can function as redox mediators in the unspecific anaerobic reduction of azo compounds by various bacterial species. these quinones are enzymatically reduced by the bacteria and the resulting hydroquinones then reduce in a purely chemical redox reaction the azo compounds outside of the cells. recently, it has been demonstrated that the addition of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) to anaerobically incubated cells of escherichia coli resulted in a pronounced increase in the reductio ... | 2003 | 12788749 |
| secondary metabolites of flustra foliacea and their influence on bacteria. | the north sea bryozoan flustra foliacea was investigated to determine its secondary metabolite content. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a dichloromethane extract of the bryozoan enabled 11 compounds to be identified. preparative high-performance liquid chromatography of the extract resulted in the isolation of 10 brominated alkaloids (compounds 1 to 10) and one diterpene (compound 11). all of these compounds were tested to determine their activities in agar diffusion assays agai ... | 2003 | 12788752 |
| rapid detection of campylobacter coli, c. jejuni, and salmonella enterica on poultry carcasses by using pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | contamination of retail poultry by campylobacter spp. and salmonella enterica is a significant source of human diarrheal disease. isolation and identification of these microorganisms require a series of biochemical and serological tests. in this study, campylobacter ceue and salmonella inva genes were used to design probes in pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), as an alternative to conventional bacteriological methodology, for the rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter ... | 2003 | 12788755 |
| dissemination of shv-12 and characterization of new ampc-type beta-lactamase genes among clinical isolates of enterobacter species in korea. | to determine the prevalence and genotype of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and new chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacter species, we performed antibiotic susceptibility testing, pi determination, induction tests, transconjugation, enterobacterial repetitive consensus (eric) pcr, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. among the 51 clinical isolates collected from a university hospital in korea, 6 isolates have been shown to produce shv-12 and inducible ampc ... | 2003 | 12791868 |
| detection and identification of mycobacterium species isolates by dna microarray. | rapid identification of mycobacterium species isolates is necessary for the effective management of tuberculosis. recently, analysis of dna gyrase b subunit (gyrb) genes has been identified as a suitable means for the identification of bacterial species. we describe a microarray assay based on gyrb gene sequences that can be used for the identification of mycobacteria species. primers specific for a gyrb gene region common to all mycobacteria were synthesized and used for pcr amplification of dn ... | 2003 | 12791887 |
| quality control in colorectal cancer screening: systematic microbiological investigation of endoscopes used in the norccap (norwegian colorectal cancer prevention) trial. | endoscopic colorectal cancer (crc) screening is currently implemented in many countries. since endoscopes cannot be sterilised, the transmission of infectious agents through endoscopes has been a matter of concern. we report on a continuous quality control programme in a large-scale randomised controlled trial on flexible sigmoidoscopy screening of an average-risk population. continuously, throughout a two-year screening period, series of microbiological samples were taken from cleaned ready-to- ... | 2003 | 12803654 |
| occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated in haemodialysis water and dialysate of renal units: results of a greek multicentre study. | to evaluate the occurrence, identity and antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from municipal water supplies, treated water, and dialysate of all 85 greek haemodialysis centres. | 2003 | 12807469 |
| bacterial keratitis: predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological review of 300 cases. | to identify predisposing factors and to define clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacterial keratitis in current practice. | 2003 | 12812878 |
| the c-terminal domain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ompa is an immunodominant antigen in mice but appears to be only partially exposed on the bacterial cell surface. | we examined the way the major outer membrane protein ompa of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is recognized by the mouse immune system, by raising a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this protein. interaction between ompa and these mabs is competitively inhibited with several-hundredfold dilutions of mouse polyclonal sera obtained by immunization with live or heat-killed whole cells, suggesting that ompa is one of the immunodominant antigens of serovar typhimurium. all of t ... | 2003 | 12819080 |
| production of cellulose and curli fimbriae by members of the family enterobacteriaceae isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. | citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., and klebsiella spp. isolated from the human gut were investigated for the biosynthesis of cellulose and curli fimbriae (csg). while citrobacter spp. produced curli fimbriae and cellulose and enterobacter spp. produced cellulose with various temperature-regulatory programs, klebsiella spp. did not show pronounced expression of those extracellular matrix components. investigation of multicellular behavior in two citrobacter species and enterobacter sakazakii sh ... | 2003 | 12819107 |
| [continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli from intensive care units in china]. | to investigate the change of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative bacilli, especially those of enterobacteriaceae isolated from intensive care units from 1994 to 2001 in china. | 2003 | 12820912 |
| persistent bacteremia in rabbit fetuses despite maternal antibiotic therapy in a novel intrauterine-infection model. | the effect of optimized maternal therapy by bactericidal agents was evaluated in a reproducible rabbit model of escherichia coli maternofetal infection simulating human pharmacokinetics. intravenous antibiotic therapy was begun in the pregnant rabbit 12 h after bacterial intrauterine inoculation, using a computer-controlled pump to simulate human pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone (1 g/day) associated or not with gentamicin (3 mg/kg of body weight/day). data were compared for fetal survival, quanti ... | 2003 | 12821457 |
| survey of plasmid-associated genetic markers in enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibilities to cephalosporins. | clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibilities to cephalosporins were collected from 1993 to 2000. the organisms were screened for the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) phenotype, and plasmid extracts were screened for genetic markers by hybridization. a bla(tem) probe was derived from puc19; other probes were derived from pacm1, the plasmid responsible for the first known appearance of an esbl in our institution. these probes included bla(shv), int, aac(3)-ia, dfra1 ... | 2003 | 12821465 |
| sfh-i, a subclass b2 metallo-beta-lactamase from a serratia fonticola environmental isolate. | an environmental isolate of serratia fonticola resistant to carbapenems was shown to contain a genetic determinant encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase of the subclass b2. the sfh-i enzyme exhibits some divergence from the previously characterized enzymes of this subclass. this is the first example of a naturally occurring metallo-beta-lactamase in enterobacteriaceae. | 2003 | 12821491 |
| annotation and evolutionary relationships of a small regulatory rna gene micf and its target ompf in yersinia species. | micf rna, a small regulatory rna found in bacteria, post-transcriptionally regulates expression of outer membrane protein f (ompf) by interaction with the ompf mrna 5'utr. phylogenetic data can be useful for rna/rna duplex structure analyses and aid in elucidation of mechanism of regulation. however micf and associated genes, ompf and ompc are difficult to annotate because of either similarities or divergences in nucleotide sequence. we report by using sequences that represent "gene signatures" ... | 2003 | 12834539 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium, uriselect 4, for the isolation and identification of urinary tract pathogens. | to compare the performance of a new chromogenic medium, uriselect 4, with cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (cled) agar and an established chromogenic agar, cps id 2 medium, for detection of urinary tract pathogens. | 2003 | 12835299 |
| freshwater bacteria can methylate selenium through the thiopurine methyltransferase pathway. | involvement of the bacterial thiopurine methyltransferase (btpmt) in natural selenium methylation by freshwater was investigated. a freshwater environment that had no known selenium contamination but exhibited reproducible emission of dimethyl selenide (dmse) or dimethyl diselenide (dmdse) when it was supplemented with an organic form of selenium [(methyl)selenocysteine] or an inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite) was used. the distribution of the btpmt gene (tpm) in the microflora was st ... | 2003 | 12839745 |
| detection and diversity assessment of xylella fastidiosa in field-collected plant and insect samples by using 16s rrna and gyrb sequences. | the causal agent of diseases in many economically important plants is attributed to the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidiosa. the detection of this plant pathogen has been hampered due to its difficult isolation and slow growth on plates. nearly complete nucleotide sequences of the 16s rrna gene and partial sequences of the gyrb gene were determined for 18 strains of x. fastidiosa isolated from different plant hosts. a phylogenetic analysis, based on gyrb, grouped strains in three clusters ... | 2003 | 12839807 |
| comparison of salmonella chromogenic medium with dcls agar for isolation of salmonella species from stool specimens. | salmonella chromogenic medium (scm; oxoid, basingstoke, united kingdom), a new selective chromogenic medium, was compared to dcls agar (oxoid) for the detection and presumptive identification of salmonella species from stool samples. this medium contains two chromogenic substrates, magenta-cap (5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indolylcaprylate), which is hydrolyzed by salmonella species to give magenta colonies, and x-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside), which is incorporated to visualiz ... | 2003 | 12843068 |
| comparison of four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to determine the in vitro activities of piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | susceptibility to piperacillin was similar to that to piperacillin-tazobactam (<1% difference) for 6,938 isolates of enterobacter aerogenes and 13,954 isolates of enterobacter cloacae tested using a vitek system; for the same species, in contrast, susceptibility rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 5.9 to 13.9% higher than to piperacillin using disk diffusion, microscan, and vitek 2 testing. unprecedented phenotypes (piperacillin susceptible and piperacillin-tazobactam intermediate; piperacilli ... | 2003 | 12843088 |
| lower respiratory tract infections in patients during hospital stay after heart transplantation. | a retrospective analysis was performed on the records of 95 pts who underwent heart transplantation at dept. of cardiac surgery & transplantation in 1999 and 2000 y. in 34 pts lower respiratory tract infections were observed. in all cases bacterial factor was detected in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage. in study population we analysed influence of such factors as age of the patients, the intensity and duration of immunosuppression, pre-existing diseases and timing after transplantation on the i ... | 2003 | 12848381 |
| the influence of inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment on patients with bloodstream infections in an intensive care unit. | to determine the occurrence of inadequate antimicrobial therapy among critically ill patients with bacteremia and the factors associated with it, to identify the microorganisms that received inadequate antimicrobial treatment, and to determine the relationship between inadequate treatment and patients outcome. | 2003 | 12848754 |
| suppression of leaf feeding and oviposition of phytophagous ladybird beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) by chitinase gene-transformed phylloplane bacteria and their specific bacteriophages entrapped in alginate gel beads. | the chitinase gene-transformed strain kpm-007e/chi of enterobacter cloacae was vitally entrapped in sodium alginate gel beads with its specific virulent bacteriophage ecp-01 to provide a new method for microbially digesting chitinous peritrophic membranes of phytophagous ladybird beetles epilachna vigintioctopunctata. first, chitinase sh1 from a gram-positive bacterium kurthia zopfii was overproduced by escherichia coli cells and purified by affinity column chromatography. the purified enzyme ef ... | 2003 | 12852588 |
| a hospitalwide intervention program to optimize the quality of antibiotic use: impact on prescribing practice, antibiotic consumption, cost savings, and bacterial resistance. | several findings from argentina provide compelling evidence of the need for more rational use of antimicrobial agents. thus, a multidisciplinary antimicrobial treatment committee for the development of a hospital-wide intervention program was formed to optimize the quality of antibiotic use in hospitals. four successive steps were developed during 6-month periods: baseline data collection, introduction of a prescription form, education, and prescribing control. sustained reduction of drug consum ... | 2003 | 12856209 |
| identification of residues critical for catalysis in a class c beta-lactamase by combinatorial scanning mutagenesis. | despite their clinical importance, the mechanism of action of the class c beta-lactamases is poorly understood. in contrast to the class a and class d beta-lactamases, which contain a glutamate residue and a carbamylated lysine in their respective active sites that are thought to serve as general base catalysts for beta-lactam hydrolysis, the mechanism of activation of the serine and water nucleophiles in the class c enzymes is unclear. to probe for residues involved in catalysis, the class c be ... | 2003 | 12876313 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel 2-(thiazol-2-ylthio)-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against multiresistant gram-positive bacteria. | sm-197436, sm-232721, and sm-232724 are new 1beta-methylcarbapenems with a unique 4-substituted thiazol-2-ylthio moiety at the c-2 side chain. in agar dilution susceptibility testing these novel carbapenems were active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and staphylococcus epidermidis (mrse) with a mic(90) of </=4 micro g/ml. furthermore, sm-232724 showed strong bactericidal activity against mrsa, in contrast to linezolid, which was bacteriostatic up to four times the mic. ... | 2003 | 12878507 |