Publications

mutants that show increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide reveal an important role for the pentose phosphate pathway in protection of yeast against oxidative stress.	we have isolated several mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae that are sensitive to oxidative stress in a screen for elevated sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. two of the sixteen complementation groups obtained correspond to structural genes encoding enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. allelism of the pos10 mutation (pos for peroxide sensitivity) to the zwf1/met1 mutants in the structural gene for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was reported previously. the second mutation, pos18, was com ...	1996	8879247
achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia: report of four cases and review of the literature.	seventy-seven cases of bacteremia due to achromobacter xylosoxidans were reviewed, and susceptibility studies were performed on 11 clinical isolates of a. xylosoxidans. nosocomial bacteremia was noted in 54 of 77 patients (70%), and 28 (36%) had infection associated with an outbreak or acquired from a discrete point source. the most common underlying illnesses were malignancies (30%) and cardiac disease (21%); immunosuppression affected 27%. the most common clinical syndromes were primary and ca ...	1996	8879782
the effect of cyclosporin-a on the oral microflora at gingival sulcus of the ferret.	the effect of cyclosporin-a (cya) on the dentogingival flora of ferrets with healthy and experimentally induced periodontal breakdown was studied. five animals were given 10 mg/kg/d cya. at the start of the experiments (day 0), ligatures were placed around 4 teeth in the right upper and lower jaws; corresponding contralateral teeth on the left side served as control. on days 0 and 28 (end of the experiment), microbiological samples were collected from the gingival sulcus of the experimental and ...	1996	8891937
degradation of crude oil by acinetobacter calcoaceticus and alcaligenes odorans.	two types of indian crude oil (bombay high and gujarat) were tested for their biodegradability by acinetobacter calcoaceticus and alcaligenes odorans. acinetobacter calcoaceticus s30 and alc. odorans p20 degraded bombay high crude oil by 50% and 45%, while only 29% and 37% of gujarat crude oil (heavy crude oil) was degraded by these isolates, respectively. acinetobacter calcoaceticus and alc. odorans in combination degraded 58% and 40% of bombay high and gujarat crude oils, respectively, which w ...	1996	8896350
is1394 from pseudomonas alcaligenes n.c.i.b. 9867: identification and characterization of a member of the is30 family of insertion elements.	a new insertion sequence designated is1394 was isolated from pseudomonas alcaligenes ncib 9867 (p25x) by entrapment in plasmid pucd800 which carries the bacillus subtilis sacb and sacr genes. the 1100-bp sequence contains 27-bp inverted repeats with 4 bp mismatch and has one long open reading frame, spanning 92.1% of the entire is. the deduced 338 amino-acid sequence demonstrated homology (varying from 65% to 78% similarity and 36-67% identity) to transposases encoded by the is30 family of is el ...	1996	8917085
siderophore-mediated iron uptake in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34 and identification of aleb encoding the ferric iron-alcaligin e receptor.	siderophore production in response to iron limitation was observed in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34, and the corresponding siderophore was named alcaligin e. alcaligin e was characterized as a phenolate-type siderophore containing neither catecholate nor hydroxamate groups. alcaligin e promoted the growth of siderophore-deficient a. eutrophus mutants under iron-restricted conditions and promoted 59fe uptake by iron-limited cells. however, the growth of the sid- mutant ae1152, which was obtained fro ...	1996	8808942
expression and analysis of a bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase in insect cells using a baculovirus system.	an improved method for expression of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from alcaligenes eutrophus has been developed using the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) in bti-tn-5b1-4 trichoplusia ni cells which results in high level production of active pha synthase. confirmation of expression of authentic pha synthase was obtained by western analysis which also revealed the presence of several apparent proteolytic cleavage products. n-terminal sequence dat ...	1996	8812862
in vitro activities of quinolones, beta-lactams, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli.	from 1991 to 1995, 8,975 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli were isolated from patients at the ohio state university medical center: 71% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 14% stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 7.6% acinetobacter baumannii, and < 2% each of 25 other species. the mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219), ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, imipenem, tobramycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) were ...	1996	8726011
isolation of periplasmic nitrate reductase genes from rhodobacter sphaeroides dsm 158: structural and functional differences among prokaryotic nitrate reductases.	the phototrophic bacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides dsm 158 has a periplasmic nitrate reductase which is induced by nitrate and it is not repressed by ammonium or oxygen. in a tn5 mutant lacking nitrate reductase activity, transposon insertion is localized in a 1.2 kb ecori fragment. a 0.6 kb bamhi-ecori segment of this region was used as a probe to isolate, from the wild-type strain, a 6.8 kb psti fragment carrying the putative genes coding for the periplasmic nitrate reductase. in vivo protein ...	1996	8730872
purification, spectroscopic analysis and biological activity of the macrocyclic dihydroxamate siderophore alcaligin produced by bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica.	hydroxamate siderophores of virulent bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica strains were purified using a simple large-scale isolation procedure, and identified by various spectroscopic techniques as the macrocyclic dihydroxamate siderophore trivially known as alcaligin, 1,8(s),11,18(s)- tetrahydroxy-1,6,11,16-tetraazacycloeicosane-2,5,12,15-tetrone+ ++, which was previously isolated from the taxonomically-related bacterial species alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans. alcal ...	1996	8744901
gene transfer of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 plasmid pjp4 to indigenous soil recipients.	this study evaluated the potential for gene transfer of a large catabolic plasmid from an introduced organism to indigenous soil recipients. the donor organism alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 contained the 80-kb plasmid pjp4, which contains genes that code for mercury resistance. genes on this plasmid plus chromosomal genes also allow degradation of 2,4-dichloruphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). when jmp134 was inoculated into a nonsterile soil microcosm amended with 1,000 micrograms of 2,4-d g-1, signifi ...	1996	8779592
production of a polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer in insect cells with a modified eucaryotic fatty acid synthase.	a novel pathway for the synthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate has been engineered by simultaneous delivery of two genes into insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda) by use of individual baculovirus vectors. this system includes expression of a dehydrase-domain mutant rat fatty acid synthase cdna and the phbc gene encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase from alcaligenes eutrophus. the dehydrase-deficient fatty acid synthase provides de novo synthesis of r-(-)-3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme a as a premature ...	1996	8779593
effects of atrazine on ochrobactrum anthropi membrane fatty acids.	ochrobactrum anthropi is a gram-negative bacillus recognized as a human opportunist pathogen isolated in clinical specimens and not of clinical significance. we report a new aspect of this bacterium, that it has been isolated from activated sludge. in fact, it is able to grow on atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropyl-amine-s-triazine) by utilizing it as the only source of carbon. our results show that atrazine (0.03 g/liter) causes a dramatical increase in the degree of saturation of membra ...	1996	8779602
adsorption kinetics of bacterial phb depolymerase on the surface of polyhydroxyalkanoate films.	the kinetics of adsorption and hydrolysis by an extracellular phb depolymerase from alcaligenes faecalis were studied at 37 degrees c on the surface of five types of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) films. the films of poly[(r)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (p(3hp)), poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (p(3hp)), and poly(4-hydroxybutyrate)(p(4hb)) were hydrolyzed by the enzyme, while the films of poly[(s)-2-hydroxypropionate)(p(2hp)) and poly(6-hydroxyhexanoate)(p(6hh)) were not eroded. the phb depolymerase with binding a ...	1996	8782717
constitutive expression of the cloned phenol hydroxylase gene(s) from alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 and concomitant trichloroethylene oxidation.	given the demonstrated phenol-dependent trichloroethylene (tce) degradation in alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 (a. r. harker and y. kim, appl. environ. microbiol. 56:1179-1181, 1990), this work represents a purposeful effort to create a constitutive degrader of tce. genes responsible for phenol hydroxylase activity were identified by tn5 transposon mutagenesis. mutants lacked both phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities. southern blot analysis of total dna showed that all mutants ...	1996	8795212
purification and characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus.	dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from alcaligenes eutrophus was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on phenyl-sepharose, monoq-sepharose, and 2,5-adp-sepharose. the enzyme is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular mass of 52 kda. the absorption spectrum of the bacterial dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase has maxima in the 300- and 400-nm region, suggesting a flavoprotein. the enzyme contains 4 mol fmn, about 24 mol iron and acidlabile sulfide per mole of ...	1996	8806723
characterization of the gene encoding catechol 2,3-dioxygenase of alcaligenes sp. kf711: overexpression, enzyme purification, and nucleotide sequencing.	catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23o) is an extradiol-type dioxygenase that catalyzes the aromatic ring fission of catechol to form 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. the c23o gene of alcaligenes sp. kf711 was overexpressed in escherichia coli hb101 by using the lac promoter of puc18, and its gene product was purified by using immunoaffinity chromatography. the purified c23o exhibited a 35-kda single band on an sds-polyacrylamide gel, and its ring-fission activity on dihydroxylated aromatics was 4-methylc ...	1996	8806732
oxygen-controlled regulation of the flavohemoglobin gene in bacillus subtilis.	a gene, hmp, which encodes a ubiquitous protein homologous to hemoglobin was isolated among genes from bacillus subtilis that are induced under anaerobic conditions. the hmp protein belongs to the family of two-domain flavohemoproteins, homologs of which have been isolated from various organisms such as escherichia coli, alcaligenes eutrophus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. these proteins consist of an amino-terminal hemoglobin domain and a carboxy-terminal redox active site domain with potential ...	1996	8682784
uterine, cervical and vaginal microflora of the normal bitch throughout the reproductive cycle.	samples for microbiological culture were collected from the uterus of bitches using transcervical uterine cannulation (31 samples, 23 bitches) and from the uterus, cervix and vagina post mortem (19 bitches) at all stages of the reproductive cycle. samples were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and for aerobic mycoplasmas. bacteria were always found in the uterus during pro-oestrus and oestrus (12 positive in 12 cultures) and rarely at other stages of the reproductive cycle: during anoe ...	1996	8656593
alcaligenes xylosoxidans neonatal meningitis: a case report.	neonatal meningitis caused by alcaligenes xylosoxidans is associated with a high mortality rate. the causative microorganism is resistant to most antimicrobials. generally, once the organism has been isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of the infected neonate, initial therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is recommended before determining its susceptibility to antimicrobials. there present this is the first of neonatal meningitis with transient diabete ...	1996	8705885
characterization of bacterial communities from activated sludge: culture-dependent numerical identification versus in situ identification using group- and genus-specific rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes	the structures of bacterial communities were studied in activated sludge samples obtained from the aerobic and anaerobic zones of a wastewater treatment plant showing enhanced phosphorous removal. samples were analyzed by in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes complementary to selected regions of the 16s and 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) characteristic for defined phylogenetic entities (genera and larger groups). the microbial community structures revealed by molecular techniques were comp ...	1996	8688004
ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmitis after uncomplicated cataract surgery.	to treat a case of ochrobactrum anthropi endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgery.	1996	8694102
determination of the active sites serine of the poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases of pseudomonas lemoignei (phaz5) and of alcaligenes faecalis.	mutational analysis of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) depolymerase a of pseudomonas lemoignei and of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase of alcaligenes faecalis revealed that s138 (p. lemoignei) and s139 (a. faecalis) are essential for activity. both serines are part of a strictly conserved pentapeptide sequence which is present in all poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases analyzed so far (g-l-s-s(a)-g) and which resembles the lipase box of lipases and other serine hydrolases (g-x-s-x-g) ...	1996	8764515
ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis associated with cadaveric pericardial tissue processed with a contaminated solution--utah, 1994.	from october 22 through november 3, 1994, three cases of ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis were diagnosed among pediatric patients at a hospital in utah (hospital a). the three patients had undergone neurosurgical procedures in which pericardial grafts processed at hospital b were used to close defects of the dura mater. this report summarizes the case investigations, which document that the cases resulted from human pericardial tissue grafts contaminated with o. anthropi.	1996	8769657
from the centers for disease control and prevention. ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis associated with cadaveric pericardial tissue processed with a contaminated solution--utah, 1994.		1996	8773623
keratitis caused by alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans.		1996	8776574
overproduction of d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6 in escherichia coli and its purification.	we constructed the high-expression plasmid for d-aminoacylase from alcaligenes xylosoxydans subsp. xylosoxydans a-6. the appropriate shine-dalgarno sequence (aaggag) was introduced to the eight bases upstream of start codon (atg) of d-aminoacylase structural gene by site-directed mutagenesis, and then the 1.75-kb dna fragment including the open reading frame was inserted into the downstream of the tac promoter of plasmid vector pkk223-3. the resultant plasmid, which was named pknsd2, showed a hi ...	1996	8776758
nitrous oxide production by alcaligenes faecalis under transient and dynamic aerobic and anaerobic conditions.	nitrous oxide can be a harmful by-product in nitrogen removal from wastewater. since wastewater treatment systems operate under different aeration regimens, the influence of different oxygen concentrations and oxygen fluctuations on denitrification was studied. continuous cultures of alcaligenes faecalis tud produced n2o under anaerobic as well as aerobic conditions. below a dissolved oxygen concentration of 5% air saturation, the relatively highest n2o production was observed. under these condi ...	1996	8779582
isolation of alcaligenes sp. strain l6 at low oxygen concentrations and degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate via a pathway not involving (chloro)catechols.	isolations of 3-chlorobenzoate (3cba)-degrading aerobic bacteria under reduced o2 partial pressures yielded organisms which metabolized 3cba via the gentisate or the protocatechuate pathway rather than via the catechol route. the 3cba metabolism of one of these isolates, l6, which was identified as an alcaligenes species, was studied in more detail. resting-cell suspensions of l6 pregrown on 3cba oxidized all known aromatic intermediates of both the gentisate and the protocatechuate pathways. ne ...	1996	8779583
purification and characterization of the hydrogenase from thiobacillus ferrooxidans.	hydrogenase of thiobacillus ferrooxidans atcc 19859 was purified from cells grown lithoautotrophically with 80% hydrogen, 8.6% carbon dioxide, and 11.4% air. hydrogenase was located in the 140,000 x g supernatant in cell-free extracts. the enzyme was purified 7.3-fold after chromatography on procion red and q-sepharose with a yield of 19%, resulting in a 85% pure preparation with a specific activity of 6.0 u (mg protein)-1. with native page, a mol. mass of 100 and 200 kda was determined. with sd ...	1996	8661919
hydrogen oxidation by membranes from autotrophically grown alcaligenes eutrophus h16: role of the cyanide-resistant pathway in energy transduction.	eighty percent of the atp and proton electrochemical gradient (-zdeltaph) formed during h2 oxidation in membranes from autotrophically grown exponential-phase cells of alcaligenes eutrophus h16 was derived from a redox pathway that includes the membrane-bound hydrogenase complex and the cyanide-resistant (bo-type) oxidase. the h2/ubiquinone-1 oxidoreductase activity was coupled to energy transduction and was fully inhibited by the quinone along 2-n-hepthyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide. we conclude ...	1996	8661937
characterisation of a chromosomally encoded catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (e.c. 1.13.11.1) from alcaligenes eutrophus ch34.	alcaligenes eutrophus ch34 used benzoate as a sole source of carbon and energy, degrading it through the 3-oxoadipate pathway. all the enzymes required for this degradation were shown to be encoded by chromosomal genes. catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity was induced by benzoate, catechol, 4-chlorocatechol, and muconate. the enzyme is most likely a homodimer, with an apparent molecular weight of 76,000 +/- 500. according to several criteria, its properties are intermediate between those of catecho ...	1996	8661943
studies on protein-protein interaction between copper-containing nitrite reductase and pseudoazurin from alcaligenes faecalis s-6.	site-directed mutagenesis of a copper-containing nitrite reductase (nir) from alcaligenes faecalis s-6 was carried out to identify the amino acid residues involved in interaction with its redox partner, pseudoazurin, in which four positively charged residues were previously shown to be important in the interaction. ten negatively charged residues located on the surface of nir were replaced independently by alanine or serine. all the altered nirs showed cd spectra and optical spectra identical to ...	1996	8662745
a tectorial membrane fovea in the cochlea of the mustached bat.		1996	8668230
reactor comparisons for the biodegradation of thiodiglycol, a product of mustard gas hydrolysis.	an environmentally benign method for the mineralization of sulfur mustard has been proposed involving chemical hydrolysis of sulfur mustard to thiodiglycol, and then the biological degradation of thiodiglycol to generate biomass and gaseous carbon dioxide. alcaligenes xylosoxidans (sh91) was isolated based on its ability to utilize thiodiglycol as a sole carbon source. this article compares different biological reactor designs and experimentally assesses their relative effectiveness in degrading ...	1996	8669917
growth and viability of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 in seawater as affected by substrate and nutrient amendment.	growth and viability of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 was studied in laboratory microcosms with 0.2 microns-filtered seawater prior to release in field-based mesocosms. in unamended systems jmp134 did not grow and viability, measured as direct viable counts combined with immunofluorescence microscopy, was 40-50%. addition of a nitrogen + phosphorus nutrient mixture caused a greater growth response than amendment with a carbon substrate. amendment with substrate and/or nutrients caused an increase ...	1996	8672276
infection by alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans in neutropenic patients.	alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans (a. x. xylosoxidans) is a nonfermenting gram-negative peritrichous rod and opportunistic pathogen. the organism is frequently found in an aqueous environment. in the past few years, nosocomial infections caused by a. x. xylosoxidans have become more evident. the literature suggests that systemic infections are severe and often lethal and an optimal antibiotic therapy is not well established. this report describes nosocomial infections in 11 patients o ...	1996	8643231
muconolactone isomerase of the 3-oxoadipate pathway catalyzes dechlorination of 5-chloro-substituted muconolactones.	an enzyme of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134 which catalyzes dechlorination of (4r, 5r)- and (4r,5s)-5-chloro-3-methyl- and (4r, 5s)-5-chloromuconolactone of principally 3-methyl-trans-, 3-methyl-cis-dienelactone and cis-dienelactone, respectively, was purified to homogeneity. the enzyme was identified as muconolactone isomerase on the basis of its high activity with muconolactone and on its high degree of sequence similarity with previously described muconolactone isomerases. molecular mass deter ...	1996	8647072
metabolism of 5-chlorosubstituted muconolactones.	the stereochemistry of the four stereoforms of 5-chloro-3-methylmuconolactones could be deduced from nmr and stability data, and from the comparison with authentic (4r, 5s)-5-chloromuconolactone. muconolactone isomerase of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134 was shown to catalyze syn-elimination of hydrogen chloride from (4r, 5r)-5-chloro-3-methylmuconolactone, (4r, 5s)-5-chloro-3 -methylmuconolactone and (4r, 5s)-5-chloromuconolactone to form 3-methyl-trans-dienelactone, 3-methyl-cis-dienelactone and ...	1996	8647073
alcaligenes eutrophus possesses a second pyruvate dehydrogenase (e1).	two gene loci, which hybridized with pdha, the structural gene of the e1 component of the alcaligenes eutrophus pyruvate dehydrogenase complex [hein, s. & steinbüchel, a. (1994) j. bacteriol. 176, 4394-4408], were identified on two nonrelated a. eutrophus chromosomal bamhi fragments by using a pdha-specific dna probe. these data indicated that a. eutrophus possesses, beside pdha, two additional distinct pyruvate dehydrogenases (e1). a 6.8-kbp genomic bamhi fragment of a. eutrophus was cloned, an ...	1996	8647112
[introduction of mutator phage d3112 of pseudomonas aeruginosa into alcaligenes eutrophus var. metallotollerans (strain ch34)].	it is demonstrated that the intact genome of a d3112 tranposable phage (tp) of pseudomonas aeruginosa, integrated into a recombinant plasmid rp4 :: d3112, can be transferred by means of conjugation from p. putida ppg1 (rp4npt :: d3112) donor cells into alcaligenes eutrophus var. metallotollerans cells. p. aeruginosa strains are unacceptable as donors because they have a bactericidal effect on a. eutrophus. rp4npt :: d3112 plasmid is stably inherited by a. eutrophus with d3112 being expressed and ...	1996	8647419
hydroxylation of quinaldic acid: quinaldic acid 4-monooxygenase from alcaligenes sp. f-2 versus quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductases.	the n-heterocycles quinaldic acid (quinoline 2-carboxylic acid), kynurenic acid (4-hydroxyquinoline 2-carboxylic acid), 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline, and xanthine are utilized by alcaligenes sp. f-2 as sole source of carbon and energy. although quinoline did not serve as growth substrate, 8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 8-hydroxycoumarin, metabolites of the 'coumarin pathway' of quinoline catabolism, were isolated from the culture fluid during growth on 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline. contrar ...	1996	8652626
heterotrophic bacteria in the ross sea (terra nova bay, antarctica).	microbial research on temporal variation of bacterial densities was carried out on seawater samples collected from two field stations at different depths during the antarctic summer (oceanographic campaign 1989/1990). bacterial densities evaluated on marine agar 2216 (difco) and on tcbs agar (difco) after incubation at +4 degrees c for 21 days respectively ranged from 0 to 7.9 x 10(2) cfu/ml for heterotrophic bacteria and from 0 to 5.7 x 10(2) cfu/100ml for "presumptive vibrios". during the peri ...	1996	8673854
an iron dioxygenase from alcaligenes faecalis catalyzing the oxidation of pyruvic oxime to nitrite.	an enzyme which participated in the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite from was partially purified alcaligenes faecalis, and some of its properties were studied. the enzyme oxidized aerobically pyruvic oxime to nitrite in the presence of hydroxylamine or ascorbate. as molecular oxygen equimolar to nitrite formed was consumed in the enzymatic oxidation of pyruvic oxime to nitrite, the enzyme was thought to be a dioxygenase. it was an iron protein, and a reducing reagent was required to keep th ...	1996	8674977
high-resolution crystal structures of two polymorphs of cytochrome c' from the purple phototrophic bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus.	the structures of two polymorphs of cytochrome c' from rhodobacter capsulatus (rccp) strain m110 have been determined by the molecular replacement method. iron anomalous scattering data were used to confirm the molecular replacement solution. the structures were refined at 1.72 angstrom and 2.0 angstrom resolution to r-values of 15.0% and 16.3%, respectively. the rccp molecule is a dimer and each of the identical 129 residue subunits folds as a four-helical bundle with a covalently bound heme gr ...	1996	8676382
primary structure and phylogeny of the calvin cycle enzymes transketolase and fructosebisphosphate aldolase of xanthobacter flavus.	xanthobacter flavus, a gram-negative facultatively autotrophic bacterium, employs the calvin cycle for the fixation of carbon dioxide. cells grown under autotrophic growth conditions possess an fe(2+)-dependent fructosebisphosphate (fbp) aldolase (class ii) in addition to a class i fbp aldolase. by nucleotide sequencing and heterologous expression in escherichia coli, genes encoding transketolase (ec 2.2.1.1.; cbbt) and class ii fbp aldolase (ec 4.1.2.13; cbba) were identified. a partial open re ...	1996	8550527
sutterella wadsworthensis gen. nov., sp. nov., bile-resistant microaerophilic campylobacter gracilis-like clinical isolates.	campylobacter gracilis (formerly bacteroides gracilis) is an asaccharolytic, nitrate-positive, urease-negative organism that requires formate and fumarate or hydrogen as a growth additive and may pit agar media. clinical isolates that were obtained primarily from appendiceal and peritoneal fluid specimens and initially were identified in our laboratory as b. gracilis were later found to include "unusual" strains that could be distinguished by biochemical and genetic criteria. these unusual c. gr ...	1996	8573504
globins in nonvertebrate species: dispersal by horizontal gene transfer and evolution of the structure-function relationships.	using a new template based on an alignment of 145 nonvertebrate globins we examined several recently determined sequences of putative globins and globin-like hemeproteins. we propose that all globins have evolved from a family of ancestral, approx. 17-kda hemeproteins, which displayed the globin fold and functioned as redox proteins. once atmospheric o2 became available the acquisition of oxygen-binding properties was initiated, culminating in the various highly specialized functions known as pr ...	1996	8587498
polynucleobacter necessarius, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont of the hypotrichous ciliate euplotes aediculatus, is a member of the beta-subclass of proteobacteria.	an almost full length 16s rrna gene of the obligate bacterial endosymbiont polynucleobacter necessarius was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction in combination with site-specific primers. the amplified dna was directly sequenced and compared with other bacterial 16s rrna sequences. p. necessarius belongs to the beta-subclass of proteobacteria and shows the closest relationship to alcaligenes eutrophus, burkholderia solanacearum, and b. pickettii. in proteobacteria and shows the closest ...	1996	8595875
occurrence of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid granule-associated proteins related to the alcaligenes eutrophus h16 ga24 protein in other bacteria.	fifty different polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha)-accumulating bacterial strains were investigated for the occurrence of phasin proteins bound to pha granules and related to the ga24 protein of alcaligenes eutrophus h16, by isolating pha granules and western blot analysis of granule-associated proteins employing antibodies raised against the ga24 protein. it could be demonstrated that th pha granules of many poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-accumulating bacteria exhibited a similar protein pattern, and a pr ...	1996	8598273
identification and analysis of the dissimilatory nitrous oxide reduction genes, nosrzdfy, of rhizobium meliloti.	the complete nos region essential for dissimilatory nitrous oxide reduction by the endosymbiotic diazotroph rhizobium meliloti was identified in a cosmid (pyc7) carrying a 10.1-kb ecori fragment of the nod megaplasmid. this gene region was localized by southern hybridization and tn5 mutagenesis to within 8 kb downstream from the fixghis cluster. nucleotide sequence determination of a 4.6-kb dna segment including the structural gene nosz and its flanking regions showed sequence homology and simil ...	1996	8626275
kalimantacins a, b and c, novel antibiotics from alcaligenes sp. yl-02632s. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological properties.	novel antibacterial antibiotics, kalimantacins a, b and c, have been isolated from the fermentation broth of alcaligenes sp. yl-02632s. in this paper, the taxonomy of the producing strain, fermentation, isolation and biological activities of kalimantacins are reported. kalimantacins inhibit the growth of staphylococcus aureus and s. epidermidis including multiple-drug resistant strains.	1996	8621352
kalimantacin a, b, and c, novel antibiotics produced by alcaligenes sp. yl-02632s. ii. physico-chemical properties and structure elucidation.	kalimantacin a, b and c are new antibiotics produced by alcaligenes sp. yl-02632s. their structures were elucidated to be novel long chain structure compounds containing o-carbamoyl, amide and carboxylic acid moieties based on various 2d nmr experiments and ms analysis.	1996	8621353
cloning, characterization, and expression of the nitric oxide-generating nitrite reductase and of the blue copper protein genes of achromobacter cycloclastes.	the nitrite reductase (nir) and blue copper protein (bcp) genes have been cloned from achromobacter cycloclastes and characterized. nir gene encodes a protein of 378 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide of 37 residues. bcp gene encodes a protein of 148 residues with a 24-residue signal peptide. the dna-derived amino acid sequence of nir is in complete agreement with that from edman degradation and the dna coding sequence of bcp is also consistent with its partial n-terminal am ...	1996	8605003
nucleotide sequence of the nar beta gene encoding assimilatory nitrate reductase from the cyanobacterium oscillatoria chalybea.	the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene of nitrate reductase (n ar beta) has been determined from the filamentous, non-heterocystous cyanobacterium oscillatoria chalybea. the nar beta gene encodes a protein of 737 amino acid residues, which shows 61% identity to nitrate reductase of the unicellular cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. pcc 7942 and only weak homologies to different bacterial molybdoenzymes, such as nitrate reductases or formate dehydrogenases.	1996	8605243
the legionella pneumophila hel locus encodes intracellularly induced homologs of heavy-metal ion transporters of alcaligenes spp.	we continued characterization of the legionella pneumophila hel locus. mutagenesis and dna sequencing identified three genes similar to the czc and cnr loci of alcaligenes eutrophus and the ncc locus of alcaligenes xylosoxidans. on the basis of their similarity to these loci, we designated the l. pneumophila genes helc, helb, and hela. mutations in the hel genes led to reduced cytopathicity towards u937 cells, although the mutant strains did not appear defective in other assays of virulence. tra ...	1996	8613357
isolation and characterization of resin acid degrading bacteria found in effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill.	thirteen resin acid degrading bacteria enriched on abietic or dehydroabietic acids were isolated from waste water from the aerated stabilization basin of a bleached kraft pulp mill. standard biochemical tests were used to characterize each isolate. each isolate was tested for its ability to degrade six abietane- and pimarane-type resin acids. resin acid concentrations were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and uv absorbance. cluster analysis based on phenotypic characteristics id ...	1996	8640603
ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis in pediatric pericardial allograft transplant recipients.	an epidemiologic investigation was done after 3 patients contracted ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis at one hospital in october 1994. neurosurgical patients with pericardial tissue implants were at greater risk of infection than other neurosurgical patients (3/14 vs. 0/566; p<.001). cultures of implants removed from 2 case-patients, an implant at implantation, a nonimplanted pericardial tissue, and an unwrapped but unopened bottle of hank's balanced salt solution (hbss) grew o. anthropi. patient ...	1996	8627029
identification of a partition and replication region in the alcaligenes eutrophus megaplasmid pmol28.	a 4.64 kb region of the 180 kb heavy metal resistance plasmid pmol28 of alcaligenes eutrophus ch34, previously shown to be able to replicate autonomously, was sequenced and analyzed. three genes involved in plasmid maintenance were identified: para28 and parb28 are involved in plasmid partitioning and stability, while repa28 encodes a protein required for replication. in addition to the par ab28 genes, a third locus, pars28, required in cis active partitioning was identified. the parabs28 locus ...	1996	8628216
carboxyl-terminal processing of the cytoplasmic nad-reducing hydrogenase of alcaligenes eutrophus requires the hoxw gene product.	two open reading frames (orfs) were identified immediately downstream of the four structural genes for the soluble hydrogenase (sh) of alcaligenes eutrophus h16. while a mutation in orf2 had no obvious effect on hydrogen metabolism, an in-frame deletion in orf1, subsequently designated hoxw, led to a complete loss of sh activity and hence a significant retardation of autotrophic growth on hydrogen. hydrogen oxidation in the hoxw mutant was catalyzed by the second hydrogenase, a membrane-bound en ...	1996	8636040
alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp xylosoxidans in children with chronic otorrhea.	because other known pathogens are frequently isolated with axx, its clinical significance may be overlooked. axx should not be considered a colonizer or contaminant, particularly in the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of infection. for a pediatric patient with axx in the ear fluid, the choice of an antibiotic regimen should be based on in vitro activity of both axx and other concurrent pathogens. although the sensitivity of axx may be highly variable, a number of antibiotics appear to be ...	1996	8637765
adaptation of pseudomonas sp. gj1 to 2-bromoethanol caused by overexpression of an nad-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase with low affinity for halogenated aldehydes.	pseudomonas sp. gj1 is able to grow with 2-chloroethanol as the sole carbon and energy source, but not with 2-bromoethanol, which is toxic at low concentrations (1 mm). a mutant that could grow on 2-bromoethanol with a growth rate of 0.034 h-1 at concentrations up to 5 mm was isolated and designated strain gj1m9. measurement of enzyme activities showed that mutant and wild-type strains contained a pms-linked alcohol dehydrogenase that was active with halogenated alcohols and that was threefold o ...	1996	8639028
maleylacetate reductases in chloroaromatic-degrading bacteria using the modified ortho pathway: comparison of catalytic properties.	the maleylacetate reductases from pseudomonas aeruginosa rho1 and alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 were tested for activity and affinity to various maleylacetates as well as dechlorinating properties. the dechlorinating activity and the kcat/km values revealed high-level similarity of these reductases to that of pseudomonas sp. strain b13.	1996	8550433
a re-evaluation of the crystal structure of chloromuconate cycloisomerase.	it is shown here that the reported 3 a crystal structure of chloromuconate cycloisomerase from alcaligenes eutrophus [hoier, schlömann, hammer, glusker, carrell, goldman, stezowski & heinemann (1994). acta cryst. d50, 75-84] was refined in the incorrect space group i4. in addition, a stretch of about 25 residues near the n-terminus is out-of-register with the density in the original structure. from the coordinates and structure factors deposited in the protein data bank (pdb), it was possible to ...	1996	15299651
measurement of growth at very low rates ((mu) >= 0), an approach to study the energy requirement for the survival of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134.	alcaligenes eutrophus jmp 134 was grown in a recycling-mode fermenter with 100% biomass retention on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), phenol, and fructose. the growth pattern obtained given a constant supply of substrates exhibited three phases of linear growth on all three substrates. the transition from phase 1 to phase 2, considered to correspond to the onset of stringent (growth) control as indicated by a significant increase in guanosine 5(prm1)-bisphosphate 3(prm1)-bisphosphate (ppg ...	1996	16535205
biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) copolymer from co(inf2) in pseudomonas acidophila through introduction of the dna fragment responsible for chemolithoautotrophic growth of alcaligenes hydrogenophilus.	pseudomonas acidophila is a bacterial strain producing a poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) (pha) copolymer from low-molecular-weight organic compounds such as formate and acetate. the genes responsible for pha production were cloned in cosmid pik7 containing a 14.8-kb hindiii fragment of p. acidophila dna. with the aim of developing a means of producing a pha copolymer from co(inf2), cosmid pik7 was introduced into a polymer-negative mutant of the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus ...	1996	16535252
structure solution of azurin ii from alcaligenes xylosoxidans using the laue method: possibility of studying in situ redox changes using x-rays.	we have recently demonstrated that x-rays can be used for changing the redox states of the metal centre in metalloproteins [murphy et al. (1995). j. synchrotron rad. 2, 64-69]. the possibility of using the laue method for studying the structural changes associated with such x-ray-induced reactions is explored by applying the method to the structure determination of a new azurin (hereafter referred to as azurin ii) from the denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes xylosoxidans. laue x-ray diffraction d ...	1996	16702653
bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates.	polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates (has) synthesized by numerous bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. more than 80 has have been detected as constituents of phas, which allows these thermoplastic materials to have various mechanical properties resembling hard crystalline polymer or elastic rubber depending on the incorporated monomer units. even though phas have been recognized as good c ...	1996	18623547
synthesis of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by recombinant escherichia coli.	several recombinant escherichia coli strains, including xl1-blue, jm109, hb101, and dh5alpha harboring a stable high-copynumber plasmid psyl105 containing the alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) biosynthesis genes were constructed. these recombinant strains were examined for their ability to synthesize and accumulate poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [p(3hb-co-3hv)] copolymer from glucose and either propionate or valerate. all recombinant e. coli strains could synthesize ...	1996	18623611
increased phb productivity by high-cell-density fed-batch culture of alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated phb producer.	alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated phb producer, was cultivated by a ph-stat modal fed-batch culture technique to attain high phb productivity. both sucrose solution and inorganic medium were fed in conjunction with the supply of ammonia solution which serves as a nitrogen source and as a means of ph control. compositions of the inorganic medium were formulated by elemental analysis of a. latus cell mass. the effect on inoculum size was examined to reduce culture time. high concentrations of ...	1996	18626935
regulatory effects of cellular nicotinamide nucleotides and enzyme activities on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in recombinant escherichia coli.	regulatory roles of nicotinamide nucleotides and three key enzymes, beta-ketothiolase (kt), nadph-dependent acetoacetyl-coa reductase (aar), and citrate synthase (cs), on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) synthesis in recombinant escherichia coli harboring a plasmid containing the alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) biosynthesis genes were examined. cells were grown in various media and were subsequently compared for phb concentration, phb content, the activities of the key enzymes, and ...	1996	18629949
direct-method structure determination of the native azurin ii protein using one-wavelength anomalous scattering data.	the one-wavelength anomalous scattering (oas) x-ray diffraction data of azurin ii, a copper-containing protein from alcaligenes xylosoxidans were collected at the photon factory, japan at a 'routine' wavelength of 0.97 a. the structure had been originally solved by the molecular-replacement method [dodd, hasnain, abraham, eady & smith (1995). acta cryst. d51, 1052-1064]. as a technique of ab initio structure determination, the direct method [fan, hao, gu, qian, zheng & ke (1990). acta cryst. a46 ...	1996	15299601
three-dimensional structure of cytochrome c' from two alcaligenes species and the implications for four-helix bundle structures.	the three-dimensional structures of two cytochromes c' have been determined in order to analyse the common features of proteins of this family and their relationship with other four-helix bundle structures. the structure of cytochrome c' from alcaligenes sp was determined by molecular replacement supplemented with the iron anomalous scattering and the use of a single isomorphous heavy-atom derivative, and was refined using synchrotron data to 1.8 a resolution. the final model, comprising 956 pro ...	1996	15299707
primary sequence and refined tertiary structure of pseudomonas fluorescens holo azurin at 2.05 a.	this paper reports the primary sequence and refined crystal structure of pseudomonas fluorescens holoazurin. the crystal structure has been determined by molecular replacement on the basis of the molecular model of azurin from alcaligenes denitrificans, and refined by the method of molecular dynamics simulation and energy-restrained least-squares methods. p. fluorescens was crystallized in the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell dimensions a = 31.95, b = 43.78, c = 78.81 a. the ...	1997	15299879
structures of a blue-copper nitrite reductase and its substrate-bound complex.	copper-containing nitrite reductases (nir's) have been conveniently subdivided into blue and green nir's which are thought to be redox partners of azurins and pseudo-azurins, respectively. crystal structures of two green nir's have recently been determined. alcaligenes xylosoxidans has been shown to have a blue-copper nitrite reductase (axnir) and two azurins with 67% homology both of which donate electrons to it effectively. the first crystal structure of a blue nir (axnir) in its oxidized and ...	1997	15299906
crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of azurin-i and azurin-ii from denitrifying bacterium alcaligenes xylosoxidans gifu 1051.	two distinct azurins named azurin-i and azurin-ii were isolated from alcaligenes xylosoxidans gifu 1051 (azg-i and azg-ii). they have been purified and crystallized. the crystals of azg-i belong to the monoclinic crystal system, space group c2, unit-cell parameters a = 130.6, b = 54.4, c = 74.7 a, beta = 96.1 degrees. the crystals of azg-ii belong to the tetragonal crystal system, space group p4(1)22 or p4(3)22, unit-cell parameters a = b = 52.6, c = 100.7 a. both crystals diffract up to 2.0 a r ...	1997	15299941
[bacteraemia in patients with hiv disease: aetiological spectrum and profile of antimicrobial susceptibility].	a retrospective survey of non-opportunistic bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures of patients with hiv disease has been carried out for a 6-year period, and the antibiotic susceptibility of the 748 microorganisms cultured from 682 consecutive patients, has been evaluated. gram-positive organisms significantly prevailed over gram-negative ones, with staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococcus faecalis, xantomonas maltophilia, salmonella and pseudomonas sp. as ...	1997	12847308
application of self-cycling fermentation technique to the production of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate.	the production of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) by alcaligenes eutrophus dsm 545 in a cyclone bioreactor was compared using various culture methods: batch, fed-batch, and self-cycling fermentation (scf) with and without extended periods of nutrient deprivation. scf is a semi-continuous method that results in a nutrient limitation for every successive generation of cells and, therefore, may have advantages for products whose formation follow secondary metabolite kinetics. use of the scf techniq ...	1997	18636592
effects of rheological change by addition of carboxymethylcellulose in culture media of an air-lift fermentor on poly-d-3-hydroxybutyric acid productivity in autotrophic culture of hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, alcaligenes eutrophus.	the effects of rheological change by addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) to culture medium in an air-lift-type fermentor on autotrophic production of poly-(d-3-hydroxybutyric acid) [p(3hb)] by two-stage culture of alcaligenes eutrophus is investigated. addition of 0.05% cmc increased p(3hb) production rate during the p(3hb) accumulation phase to twice that of the control culture. it was thought that addition of a small amount of cmc was beneficial for production of p(3hb) employing t ...	1997	18634049
observations of metabolite formation and variable yield in thiodiglycol biodegradation process : impact on reactor design.	the complete microbial degradation of thiodiglycol (tdg), the primary hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard, by alcaligenes xylosoxydans ssp. xylosoxydans (sh91) was accomplished in laboratory-scale stirredtank reactors. an andrews substrate inhibition model was used to describe the cell growth. the yield factor was not constant, but a relationship with initial substrate concentration has been developed. using a substrate-inhibition and variable-yield kinetic model, we can describe the cell growt ...	1997	18576129
production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by high cell density fed-batch culture of alcaligenes eutrophus with phospate limitation.	high cell density fed-batch fermentation of alcaligenes eutrophus was carried out for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) in a 60-l fermentor. during the fermentation, ph was controlled with nh(4)oh solution and phb accumulation was induced by phosphate limitation instead of nitrogen limitation. the glucose feeding was controlled by monitoring dissolved oxygen (do) concentration and glucose concentration in the culture broth. the glucose concentration fluctuated within the range of 0 ...	1997	18636441
experimental optimization of fed-batch culture for poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid production.	the optimal feed rate profiles of glucose and ammonium hydroxide were calculated using a proposed model, and implemented for the production of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (phb) by alcaligenes eutrophus. by implementing these optimal feed rates with a high glucose feed concentration of 700 g/l and an ammonium hydroxide concentration of 7%(w/w), it was possible to achieve a high final cell concentration of 141 g/l and a high phb concentration of 105 g/l in 40 h of fed-batch operation. the phb pr ...	1997	18642342
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production with high productivity and high polymer content by a fed-batch culture of alcaligenes latus under nitrogen limitation.	alcaligenes latus has been known to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) in a growth-associated manner even under nutrient-sufficient conditions. however, the phb content obtained by fed-batch culture was always low, at ca. 50%, which makes the recovery process inefficient. in this study, the effect of applying nitrogen limitation on the production of phb by a. latus was examined. in flask and batch cultures, the phb synthesis rate could be increased considerably by applying nitrogen limitation ...	1997	16535699
identification of the inducing agent of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid pathway encoded by plasmid pjp4.	the inducing agent of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) pathway of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134 (pjp4) was determined through the analysis of promoterless lacz transcriptional fusions with tfd structural genes. (beta)-galactosidase activity was measured in the presence and absence of 2,4-d. fusions of the individual genes act both as reporters and disrupters of gene expression. increases in reporter activity were expected in fusions occurring in genes which encode enzymes which function ...	1997	16535496
evidence for intracellular and extracellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp) lyases and dmsp uptake sites in two species of marine bacteria.	the kinetics of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp) uptake and dimethylsulfide (dms) production from dmsp in two bacterial species, alcaligenes sp. strain m3a, an isolate from estuarine surface sediments, and pseudomonas doudoroffii, from seawater, were investigated. in alcaligenes cells induced for dmsp lyase (dl) activity, dms production occurred without dmsp uptake. in dl-induced suspensions of p. doudoroffii, uptake of dmsp preceded the production of dms, indicating an intracellular location o ...	1997	16535674
effects of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations on poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production by alcaligenes eutrophus.	the bacterial copolyester poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) was produced with alcaligenes eutrophus dsm 545 from glucose and sodium propionate in a fed-batch fermentation with both nitrogen limitation and low dissolved-oxygen concentrations. when the dissolved-oxygen content was kept between 1 and 4% of air saturation during the polymer accumulation phase, the yield of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb) monomer from glucose was not affected, but the propionate-to-3-hydroxyvalerate (3hv) monomer ...	1997	16535549
degradation of chlorophenols by alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4) in bleached kraft mill effluent.	the ability of alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4) to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and other chlorophenols in a bleached kraft mill effluent was studied. the efficiency of degradation and the survival of strain jmp134 and indigenous microorganisms in short-term batch or long-term semicontinuous incubations performed in microcosms were assessed. after 6 days of incubation, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (400 ppm) or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (40 to 100 ppm) were extensive ...	1997	16535488
plasmid transfer between spatially separated donor and recipient bacteria in earthworm-containing soil microcosms.	most gene transfer studies have been performed with relatively homogeneous soil systems in the absence of soil macrobiota, including invertebrates. in this study we examined the influence of earthworm activity (burrowing, casting, and feeding) on transfer of plasmid pjp4 between spatially separated donor (alcaligenes eutrophus) and recipient (pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria in nonsterile soil columns. a model system was designed such that the activity of earthworms would act to mediate cell co ...	1997	16535521
genetic diversity through the looking glass: effect of enrichment bias.	the effect of enrichment bias on the diversity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d)-degrading (2,4-d(sup+)) bacteria recovered from soil was evaluated by comparing the diversity of isolates obtained by direct plating to the diversity of isolates obtained from 85 liquid batch cultures. by the two methods, a total of 159 isolates were purified from 1 g of soil and divided into populations based on repeated extragenic palindromic sequence pcr (rep-pcr) genomic fingerprints. approximately 42% of th ...	1997	16535569
biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol through a distal meta-fission pathway.	alcaligenes eutrophus jmp222, a derivative of a. eutrophus jmp134 which has lost plasmid pjp4 (encoding the tfd genes for the ortho fission pathway), was induced for the meta fission pathway when grown on o-cresol. resting cell suspensions, grown on o-cresol, oxidized 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp), a degradation product of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, to 3,5-dichlorocatechol. further degradation of 3,5-dichlorocatechol was observed by the production of a yellow ring fission product with libera ...	1997	16535612
production of no and n(inf2)o by pure cultures of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria during changes in aeration.	peak emissions of no and n(inf2)o are often observed after wetting of soil. the reactions to sudden changes in the aeration of cultures of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria with respect to no and n(inf2)o emissions were compared to obtain more information about the microbiological aspects of peak emissions. in continuous culture, the nitrifier nitrosomonas europaea and the denitrifiers alcaligenes eutrophus and pseudomonas stutzeri were cultured at different levels of aeration (80 to 0% air s ...	1997	16535707
microbial dehalogenation of halogenated alkanoic acids, alcohols and alkanes.		1997	8922120
purification of an extracellular d-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolase from pseudomonas sp. strain a1 and cloning and sequencing of its gene.	an extracellular d-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolase was purified from a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-degrading bacterium, pseudomonas sp. strain a1. the purified enzyme hydrolyzed the d-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate dimer and trimer at similar rates. the enzyme activity was inhibited by a low concentration of diisopropylfluorophosphate. the molecular weight of the hydrolase was estimated to be about 70,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a 10-kbp dna fragment of a1 was d ...	1997	8981982
a phylogenetic analysis of aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacteria.	several bacterial isolates were characterized based on their abilities to degrade specific polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and their 16s rrna gene sequences. the members of one group of bacteria consisting of alcaligenes species, including the pcb-degrading bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus h850, had strong abilities to degrade a broad range of pcbs but not the di-para-chlorine-substituted congeners. the members of another group, which included the pcb-degrading bacterium originally classified as ...	1997	8995824
a novel transporter involved in cobalt uptake.	cobalt is an essential component of a low molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (l-nhase) from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. we have found a new gene, nhlf, in the dna region sandwiched between nhlba encoding l-nhase and amda encoding amidase, which are involved in the degradation of nitriles. the product of nhlf, nhlf, shows a significant sequence similarity with those of hoxn from alcaligenes eutrophus, hupn from bradyrhizobium japonicum, nixa from helicobacter pylori, and ureh from bacillus sp., whi ...	1997	8990157
identification of burkholderia cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis and use of a simple new selective medium.	we evaluated 819 isolates referred to us as "burkholderia cepacia" from cystic fibrosis (cf) clinics and research laboratories from five countries; 28 (3.4%) were not b. cepacia. a further 12 (1.5%) organisms appeared to be other burkholderia species, but identification could not be confirmed by conventional means. the most prevalently misidentified organisms were stenotrophomonas maltophilia, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and comamonas acidovorans. many of these organisms grew on oxidation-fermenta ...	1997	9041399
location, catalytic activity, and subunit composition of nad-reducing hydrogenases of some alcaligenes strains and rhodococcus opacus mr22	six new strains of alcaligenes enriched for and isolated as nickel-resistant bacteria resemble alcaligenes eutrophus h16 and contain both an nad-reducing, tetrameric soluble hydrogenase and a membrane-bound hydrogenase. none of the soluble hydrogenases share with the rhodococcus opacus mr11 enzyme tetramer the property of being cleaved easily into two dimeric moieties [a hydrogenase (betadelta) and an nadh:acceptor oxidoreductase (alphagamma)], in the absence of nickel or at low ionic strength. ...	1997	9042758
two-component regulatory system involved in transcriptional control of heavy-metal homoeostasis in alcaligenes eutrophus.	the czc determinant, which mediates resistance to co2+, zn2+ and cd2+ in alcaligenes eutrophus ch34 by cation efflux, is regulated by a two-component regulatory system composed of the sensor histidine kinase czcs and the response activator czcr (in addition to other components previously described). regulatory genes are arranged in an upstream regulatory region (urr) and a downstream regulatory region (drr). transcription of czccba and of the urr was regulated by heavy-metal cations. dna sequenc ...	1997	9044283
in vitro characterization of astaxanthin biosynthetic enzymes.	escherichia coli strains expressing the marine bacteria (agrobacterium aurantiacum and alcaligenes sp. strain pc-1) astaxanthin biosynthetic genes (crtz and w), haematococcus pluvialis bkt, and erwinia uredovora crtz genes were used for in vitro characterization of the respective enzymes. specific enzyme assays indicated that all of the enzymes are bifunctional, in that the crtz enzymes formed zeaxanthin from beta-carotene via beta-cryptoxanthin, as well as astaxanthin from canthaxanthin via pho ...	1997	9045623
a hydrogen-sensing system in transcriptional regulation of hydrogenase gene expression in alcaligenes species.	heterologous complementation studies using alcaligenes eutrophus h16 as a recipient identified a hydrogenase-specific regulatory dna region on megaplasmid phg21-a of the related species alcaligenes hydrogenophilus. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed four open reading frames on the subcloned dna, designated hoxa, hoxb, hoxc, and hoxj. the product of hoxa is homologous to a transcriptional activator of the family of two-component regulatory systems present in a number of h2-oxidizing bacteria. ...	1997	9045826