Publications

antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance.	antiseptics and disinfectants are extensively used in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard-surface applications. a wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years, including alcohols, phenols, iodine, and chlorine. most of these active agents demonstrate broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, little is known about the mode of action of these agents in comparison to ant ...	1999	9880479
novel bacterium isolated from a lung transplant patient with cystic fibrosis.	the major clinical problem for patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) is progressive loss of pulmonary function, usually due to chronic bacterial infections. a patient with cf and a lung transplant was severely infected with a previously unidentified gram-negative bacterium. we isolated this organism (strain ds15158) from the patient and characterized it by phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit rrna and biochemically by the biolog gn microplate assay, fatty acid analysis, and various standard l ...	1999	10565895
campylobacter jejuni-stimulated secretion of interleukin-8 by int407 cells.	incubation of int407 cells with various clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni resulted in secretion of interleukin-8 (il-8) at levels ranging from 96 to 554 pg/ml at 24 h. the strains which produced the highest levels of il-8 secretion were 81-176 and bt44. induction of il-8 secretion required live cells of 81-176 and was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. site-specific mutants of 81-176, which were previously shown to be defective in adherence and invasion, resulted in reduced levels o ...	1999	9864200
cloning and characterization of a novel membrane-associated antigenic protein of helicobacter pylori.	infection by helicobacter pylori, a noninvasive bacterium, induces chronic leukocyte infiltration in the stomach by still largely unknown molecular mechanisms. we investigated the possibility that a membrane protein of h. pylori induces an inflammatory reaction in the subepithelial tissue of the stomach. by generating an expression library of h. pylori chromosomal dna and screening with rabbit antiserum raised to a membrane fraction of h. pylori and sera of infected patients, we cloned a 16.0-kd ...	1999	9864228
response to reactive nitrogen intermediates in mycobacterium tuberculosis: induction of the 16-kilodalton alpha-crystallin homolog by exposure to nitric oxide donors.	in contrast to the apparent paucity of mycobacterium tuberculosis response to reactive oxygen intermediates, this organism has evolved a specific response to nitric oxide challenge. exposure of m. tuberculosis to no donors induces the synthesis of a set of polypeptides that have been collectively termed nox. in this work, the most prominent nox polypeptide, nox16, was identified by immunoblotting and by n-terminal sequencing as the alpha-crystallin-related, 16-kda small heat shock protein, shsp1 ...	1999	9864257
sequence diversity of flagellin (flic) alleles in pathogenic escherichia coli.	to study the molecular evolution of flagellin, the protein subunit specifying flagellar (h) antigens, the flic genes from 15 pathogenic strains of escherichia coli were amplified by pcr and sequenced. comparison of flic sequences of h6 and h7 strains revealed that alleles have a mosaic structure indicating the occurrence of past horizontal transfer of dna segments between strains. the close similarity of h7 sequences also indicates the exchange of an entire flic h7 allele between distant clonal ...	1999	9864325
type ii topoisomerase mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa.	we determined the sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra, gyrb, and parc genes for 30 clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ciprofloxacin that were previously complemented by wild-type gyra and gyrb plasmid-borne alleles and studied for their coresistance to imipenem (e. cambau, e. perani, c. dib, c. petinon, j. trias, and v. jarlier, antimicrob. agents chemother. 39:2248-2252, 1995). in the present study, we found mutations in type ii topoisomerase g ...	1999	9869566
the yersinia enterocolitica motility master regulatory operon, flhdc, is required for flagellin production, swimming motility, and swarming motility.	the ability to move over and colonize surface substrata has been linked to the formation of biofilms and to the virulence of some bacterial pathogens. results from this study show that the gastrointestinal pathogen yersinia enterocolitica can migrate over and colonize surfaces by swarming motility, a form of cooperative multicellular behavior. immunoblot analysis and electron microscopy indicated that swarming motility is dependent on the same flagellum organelle that is required for swimming mo ...	1999	10217774
high-resolution genomic fingerprinting of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms.	a method for high-resolution genomic fingerprinting of the enteric pathogens campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, based on the determination of amplified fragment length polymorphism, is described. the potential of this method for molecular epidemiological studies of these species is evaluated with 50 type, reference, and well-characterised field strains. amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprints comprised over 60 bands detected in the size range 35-500 bp. groups of outbreak s ...	1999	10220884
sequence analysis of the gyra and parc homologues of a wild-type strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.	vibrio parahaemolyticus causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans. it is particularly important in japan, where raw seafood is frequently consumed. fluoroquinolone is one of the current drugs of choice for treating patients infected by v. parahaemolyticus because resistant strains are rarely found. to study a possible fluoroquinolone resistance mechanism in this organism, nucleotide sequences that are homologous to known gyra and parc genes have been cloned from v. parahaemolyticus aq3815 a ...	1999	10223929
pullulanase type i from fervidobacterium pennavorans ven5: cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	the gene encoding the type i pullulanase from the extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium fervidobacterium pennavorans ven5 was cloned and sequenced in escherichia coli. the pula gene from f. pennavorans ven5 had 50.1% pairwise amino acid identity with pula from the anaerobic hyperthermophile thermotoga maritima and contained the four regions conserved among all amylolytic enzymes. the pullulanase gene (pula) encodes a protein of 849 amino acids with a 28-residue signal peptide. the pula gene ...	1999	10224005
stability of related human and chicken campylobacter jejuni genotypes after passage through chick intestine studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	the genomic stability of 12 campylobacter jejuni strains consisting of two groups of human and chicken isolates was studied by analysis of their pfge (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) patterns after passage through newly hatched chicks' intestines. the patterns of smai, sali, and sacii digests remained stable after intestinal passage, except for those of two strains. one originally human strain, fb 6371, changed its genotype from ii/a (smai/sacii) to i/b. another strain, bti, originally isolate ...	1999	10224037
distinct immunoglobulin class and immunoglobulin g subclass patterns against ganglioside gq1b in miller fisher syndrome following different types of infection.	we studied serum antibodies against gangliosides gq1b and gm1 in 13 patients with miller fisher syndrome (mfs) and in 18 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) with cranial nerve involvement. anti-gq1b titers were elevated in all patients with mfs cases (immunoglobulin g [igg] > iga, igm), and in 8 of the 18 with gbs. lower frequencies of increased anti-gm1 titers were observed in mfs patients (3 of 13), as well as in gbs patients (5 of 18). during the course of mfs, anti-gq1b titers of all ...	1999	10225903
identification of virulence genes of helicobacter pylori by random insertion mutagenesis.	the complete genome of the gram-negative bacterial pathogen helicobacter pylori, an important etiological agent of gastroduodenal disease in humans, has recently been published. this sequence revealed that the putative products of roughly one-third of the open reading frames (orfs) have no significant homology to any known proteins. to be able to analyze the functions of all orfs, we constructed an integration plasmid for h. pylori and used it to generate a random mutant library in this organism ...	1999	10225906
host cell death due to enteropathogenic escherichia coli has features of apoptosis.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is a cause of prolonged watery diarrhea in children in developing countries. the ability of epec to kill host cells was investigated in vitro in assays using two human cultured cell lines, hela (cervical) and t84 (colonic). epec killed epithelial cells as assessed by permeability to the vital dyes trypan blue and propidium iodide. in addition, epec triggered changes in the host cell, suggesting apoptosis as the mode of death; such changes included early e ...	1999	10225923
mechanisms of internalization of staphylococcus aureus by cultured human osteoblasts.	staphylococcus aureus is an important bone pathogen, and evidence shows that this organism is internalized by chick osteoblasts. here we report that s. aureus is internalized by human osteoblasts. internalization was inhibited by monodansylcadaverine and cytochalasin d and to a lesser extent by ouabain, monensin, colchicine, and nocodazole. we propose that internalization occurs via a receptor-mediated pathway, requiring the participation of cytoskeletal elements, principally actin.	1999	10225942
study of the presence of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in sand samples from four swiss chicken farms.	chicken farms are frequently infected with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the objective of the present study was to investigate environmental samples from chicken farms for the presence of c. jejuni and c. coli. every week between july and november 1997, three sand samples from the runs of four chicken farms were analyzed by culture and directly by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). these two detection methods were compared to each other. a total of 231 samples were tested. eleven sa ...	1999	10229951
natural and experimental infections of arcobacter in poultry.	arcobacter butzleri causes human enteritis and is frequently recovered from poultry carcasses. the purpose of this study was to determine 1) the natural distribution of a. butzleri in poultry and 2) its relative pathogenicity in experimentally infected poultry. cloacal samples (n = 407) were collected on four occasions from three flocks of chickens. overall, arcobacter spp. were recovered from 15% of the birds; a. butzleri was identified in 1% of cloacal samples. three experimental trials were c ...	1999	10230906
a novel campylobacter jejuni two-component regulatory system important for temperature-dependent growth and colonization.	campylobacter jejuni colonizes the intestines of domestic and wild animals and is a common cause of human diarrheal disease. we identified a two-component regulatory system, designated the racr-racs (reduced ability to colonize) system, that is involved in a temperature-dependent signalling pathway. a mutation of the response regulator gene racr reduced the organism's ability to colonize the chicken intestinal tract and resulted in temperature-dependent changes in its protein profile and growth ...	1999	10322038
cdc group iv c-2: a new ralstonia species close to ralstonia eutropha.	cdc group iv c-2, an environmental gram-negative bacillus recently proposed for inclusion in the genus ralstonia, has been isolated in several human infections. biochemical characterization and 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequencing with phylogenetic analysis were used to characterize eight clinical isolates and four type strains. other typing tools, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis, were also used. pfge typing of clinical isolat ...	1999	10325323
rapid identification of thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari, and campylobacter upsaliensis from various geographic locations by a gtpase-based pcr-reverse hybridization assay.	recently, a gene from campylobacter jejuni encoding a putative gtpase was identified. based on two semiconserved gtp-binding sites encoded within this gene, pcr primers were selected that allow amplification of a 153-bp fragment from c. jejuni, c. coli, c. lari, and c. upsaliensis. sequence analysis of these pcr products revealed consistent interspecies variation, which allowed the definition of species-specific probes for each of the four thermotolerant campylobacter species. multiple probes we ...	1999	10325325
distribution of a nocardia brasiliensis catalase gene fragment in members of the genera nocardia, gordona, and rhodococcus.	an immunodominant protein from nocardia brasiliensis, p61, was subjected to amino-terminal and internal sequence analysis. three sequences of 22, 17, and 38 residues, respectively, were obtained and compared with the protein database from genbank by using the blast system. the sequences showed homology to some eukaryotic catalases and to a bromoperoxidase-catalase from streptomyces violaceus. its identity as a catalase was confirmed by analysis of its enzymatic activity on h2o2 and by a double-s ...	1999	10325357
differentiation of helicobacter pylori isolates based on lectin binding of cell extracts in an agglutination assay.	plant and animal lectins with various carbohydrate specificities were used to type 35 irish clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and the type strain nctc 11637 in a microtiter plate assay. initially, a panel of eight lectins with the indicated primary specificities were used: anguilla anguilla (aaa), lotus tetragonolobus (lotus a), and ulex europaeus i (uea i), specific for alpha-l-fucose; solanum tuberosum (sta) and triticum vulgaris (wga), specific for beta-n-acetylglucosamine; glycine max ...	1999	10325361
quinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni infections in minnesota, 1992-1998. investigation team.	increasing resistance to quinolones among campylobacter isolates from humans has been reported in europe and asia, but not in the united states. we evaluated resistance to quinolones among campylobacter isolates from minnesota residents during the period from 1992 through 1998.	1999	10332013
passive immunity against human pathogens using bovine antibodies.		1999	10337007
biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in chickens.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed in a homologous system with bacterial ultrasonic-treated proteins as the antigen and antisera from chickens infected orally and subcutaneously with the strain campylobacter jejuni serovar 6 (cj 6). the cut-off level was determined using antisera from non-infected specific-pathogen-free chickens up to the age of 10 weeks. the suitability of the elisa system was verified using antisera taken from chickens orally infected at the age of 4 we ...	1999	10337238
antibodies against helicobacter felis in sera of cats and dogs.	serum samples from 61 dogs and 49 cats were screened for circulating antibodies against helicobacter felis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using sonicated bacteria as an antigen. to improve the specificity of the elisa, sera were absorbed with campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni h. pylori as well as h. felis. sera from 26 dogs (43%) and 19 cats (39%) revealed clear positive absorbance readings determined as an optical density (od) that was statistically significant above the od me ...	1999	10337240
subclass distribution and the secretory component of serum iga anti-ganglioside antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome after campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	previously, we reported that iga anti-gm1 antibody is more closely associated with preceding campylobacter jejuni enteritis in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) than are igg and igm antibodies. however, the mechanism of the induction of iga anti-ganglioside antibodies is not clear. in this study, serum iga antibodies against gm1, gm1b, and gd1a, and galnac-gd1a were examined in 152 gbs patients. in gbs, antecedent c. jejuni infection is closely associated with iga antibodies, other than gm1, against ...	1999	10337924
serum antibody level against groel type heat-shock protein of campylobacter jejuni in patients with guillain-barré syndrome.	recently there has been an increase in the number of cases reported of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) developed after campylobacter jejuni infection. to investigate the role of a c.jejuni groel-type heat-shock protein (cjhsp60) in the infection and induction of gbs, we examined the antibody level against cjhsp60 in 27 human sera, including gbs and non-gbs patients, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. sera from patients with c. jejuni infection, despite the development of gbs, had a higher ti ...	1999	10338193
genetic characterization of wild-type and mutant fur genes of bordetella avium.	for most, if not all, organisms, iron (fe) is an essential element. in response to the nutritional requirement for fe, bacteria evolved complex systems to acquire the element from the environment. the genes encoding these systems are often coordinately regulated in response to the fe concentration. recent investigations revealed that bordetella avium, a respiratory pathogen of birds, expressed a number of fe-regulated genes (t. d. connell, a. dickenson, a. j. martone, k. t. militello, m. j. fili ...	1999	10338537
high-resolution genotyping of campylobacter strains isolated from poultry and humans with amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting.	for epidemiological studies of campylobacter infections, molecular typing methods that can differentiate campylobacters at the strain level are needed. in this study we used a recently developed genotyping method, amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), which is based on selective amplification of restriction fragments of chromosomal dna, for genetic typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains derived from humans and poultry. we developed an automated aflp fingerprinting ...	1999	10347015
generation of a superoxide dismutase (sod)-deficient mutant of campylobacter coli: evidence for the significance of sod in campylobacter survival and colonization.	the microaerophilic nature of campylobacter species implies an inherent sensitivity towards oxygen and its reduction products, particularly the superoxide anion. the deleterious effects of exposure to superoxide radicals are counteracted by the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod). we have shown previously that campylobacter coli possesses an iron cofactored sod. the sodb gene of c. coli ua585 was insertionally inactivated by the site-specific insertion of a teto cassette. organisms harboring ...	1999	10347040
response of pathogenic vibrio species to high hydrostatic pressure.	vibrio parahaemolyticus atcc 17802, vibrio vulnificus atcc 27562, vibrio cholerae o:1 atcc 14035, vibrio cholerae non-o:1 atcc 14547, vibrio hollisae atcc 33564, and vibrio mimicus atcc 33653 were treated with 200 to 300 mpa for 5 to 15 min at 25 degrees c. high hydrostatic pressure inactivated all strains of pathogenic vibrio without triggering a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state; however, cells already existing in a vbnc state appeared to possess greater pressure resistance.	1999	10347079
activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections.	the activity of gatifloxacin against 308 aerobes and 112 anaerobes isolated from bite wound infections was studied. gatifloxacin was active at </=0.016 microg/ml against all 148 pasteurella isolates (eight species and three subspecies) tested and all other aerobes tested, including actinobacillus-haemophilus spp., eikenella corrodens, neisseria weaveri, weeksella zoohelcum, staphylococci, and streptococci. fusobacteria were sometimes resistant. gatifloxacin mics at which 90% of the isolates were ...	1999	10348774
function of proline residues of mota in torque generation by the flagellar motor of escherichia coli.	bacterial flagellar motors obtain energy for rotation from the membrane gradient of protons or, in some species, sodium ions. the molecular mechanism of flagellar rotation is not understood. mota and motb are integral membrane proteins that function in proton conduction and are believed to form the stator of the motor. previous mutational studies identified two conserved proline residues in mota (pro 173 and pro 222 in the protein from escherichia coli) and a conserved aspartic acid residue in m ...	1999	10348868
isolation and purification of a campylobacter upsaliensis autolysin.	autolytic activity in the soluble and sediment fractions of sonicates of the spiral and the coccoid form of campylobacter upsaliensis could not be demonstrated by native (nondenaturing) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). autolysins were detected, however, by using denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-page gels containing either purified escherichia coli peptidoglycan or whole cells of micrococcus luteus (micrococcus lysodeikticus) as the turbid substrate, with subsequent renaturation ...	1999	10349717
impact of simple screening criteria on utilization of low-yield bacterial stool cultures in a children's hospital.	to determine diagnostic yield of stool cultures for salmonella, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica, and escherichia coli o157:h7 (sscye) among hospitalized children and to develop guidelines for appropriate use of these tests. setting. tertiary care pediatric hospital.	1999	10353927
comparative antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin tested against campylobacter jejuni including fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates.	campylobacter jejuni is an important pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, as well as other disease states such as meningitis and septic arthritis. in this study, the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) results were compared to a reference agar dilution method using gatifloxacin, a new 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone. a total of 53 strains of c. jejuni initially isolated from patients in california and mexico were tested. results demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.88) between the two utilized in vitr ...	1999	10354858
significance of cryptosporidium in acute diarrhoea in north-eastern india.	in a hospital-based study, stool samples from 2095 patients of all ages were examined for different fungal, protozoal and bacterial enteropathogens over a period of 2 years (july 1994-june 1996). cryptosporidium was detected in 151 specimens (7.2%) and was the third commonest pathogen found. the highest prevalence of this organism was in the group aged 16-45 years and during the rainy months (july-oct.). diarrhoea caused by the protozoon was of mild to moderate severity and features of dysentery ...	1999	10359300
fatal campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia in patients with aids.	two fatal cases of campylobacter jejuni septicaemia in patients with aids were characterised by severe hiv-related immunodeficiency, negative stool cultures and presentation during hospitalisation, developing a clinical picture of fulminant septic shock despite therapy with appropriate antibiotics. campylobacter spp. are important opportunist pathogens in hiv disease and may cause a septicaemic illness in the absence of enteric disease.	1999	10359311
contamination of meat with campylobacter jejuni in saitama, japan.	to determine the source of food contamination with campylobacter jejuni, we investigated retail meat, a chicken processing plant and a broiler farm. c. jejuni was found in domestic retailed poultry (45.8%) and imported poultry (3.7%), but not in beef or pork. in the poultry processing plant, there is significant contamination with c. jejuni in chicken carcasses, equipment and workers' hands. this contamination increases during the defeathering and evisceration processes. rapd analysis shows that ...	1999	10359491
anti-galnac-gd1a antibody-associated guillain-barré syndrome with a predominantly distal weakness without cranial nerve impairment and sensory disturbance.	the serum antibodies to n-acetylgalactosaminyl gd1a (galnac-gd1a) and other gangliosides as well as to campylobacter jejuni were determined in 147 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we found a distinctive clinical pattern in patients with anti-galnac-gd1a antibodies compared with those without the antibodies, that is, lack of cranial nerve involvement (87% versus 38%), distal-dominant weakness (80% versus 25%), and no sensory disturbance (73% versus 22%). the frequency of distal-domina ...	1999	10360768
bacterial secreted proteins are required for the internaliztion of campylobacter jejuni into cultured mammalian cells.	presented here is the first evidence that campylobacter jejuni secrete proteins upon co-cultivation with host cells and in int 407 cell-conditioned medium. a c. jejuni gene designated ciab for campylobacter invasion antigen b was identified, using a differential screening technique, which is required for this secretion process and the efficient entry of this bacterium into a host cell. the c. jejuni ciab gene encodes a protein of 610 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 73 154 da. the ...	1999	10361274
evidence for a system of general protein glycosylation in campylobacter jejuni.	a genetic locus from campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (o:23, 36) has been characterized that appears to be involved in glycosylation of multiple proteins, including flagellin. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) core of escherichia coli dh5alpha containing some of these genes is modified such that it becomes immunoreactive with o:23 and o:36 antisera and loses reactivity with the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (wga). site-specific mutation of one of these genes in the e. coli host causes loss of o:23 and o:36 ...	1999	10361304
molecular subtyping of clostridium perfringens by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to facilitate food-borne-disease outbreak investigations.	clostridium perfringens is a common cause of food-borne illness. the illness is characterized by profuse diarrhea and acute abdominal pain. since the illness is usually self-limiting, many cases are undiagnosed and/or not reported. investigations are often pursued after an outbreak involving large numbers of people in institutions, at restaurants, or at catered meals. serotyping has been used in the past to assist epidemiologic investigations of c. perfringens outbreaks. however, serotyping reag ...	1999	10364587
evaluation of the anaeropack campylo system for growth of microaerophilic bacteria.	growth of microaerophilic bacteria in the anaeropack campylo (mitsubishi gas chemical america, inc., new york, n.y.) atmosphere generation system was compared to growth in the campypak plus jar and campypak pouch (becton-dickinson microbiology systems [bdms], cockeysville, md.). growth in the anaeropack campylo system was considered equivalent to or better than growth obtained in the campypak plus and campypak pouch systems for 48 of the 50 helicobacter pylori strains and for all 28 campylobacte ...	1999	10364622
bacterioferritin a modulates catalase a (kata) activity and resistance to hydrogen peroxide in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	we have cloned a 3.6-kb genomic dna fragment from pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring the rpoa, rplq, kata, and bfra genes. these loci are predicted to encode, respectively, (i) the alpha subunit of rna polymerase; (ii) the l17 ribosomal protein; (iii) the major catalase, kata; and (iv) one of two iron storage proteins called bacterioferritin a (bfra; cytochrome b1 or b557). our goal was to determine the contributions of kata and bfra to the resistance of p. aeruginosa to hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). ...	1999	10368148
fused and overlapping rpob and rpoc genes in helicobacters, campylobacters, and related bacteria.	the genes coding for the beta (rpob) and beta' (rpoc) subunits of rna polymerase are fused in the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori but separate in other taxonomic groups. to better understand how the unique fused structure evolved, we determined dna sequences at and around the rpob-rpoc junction in 10 gastric and nongastric species of helicobacter and in members of the related genera wolinella, arcobacter, sulfurospirillum, and campylobacter. we found the fusion to be specific to helicobacte ...	1999	10368167
climate change and human health in europe.		1999	10373176
human monoclonal immunoglobulin m antibodies to ganglioside gm1 show diverse cross-reactivities with lipopolysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome.	we examined the reactivity of a panel of anti-gm1 immunoglobulin m monoclonal antibodies (mabs) cloned from multifocal motor neuropathy patients with lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of campylobacter jejuni strains, including serotype o:41 strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome. the mabs reacted with ganglioside gm1 to different degrees, and these differences in fine specificities for gm1 were reflected in the different degrees of reactivity with each of the c. jejuni lpss tested. antibodies ...	1999	10377164
[campylobacter jejuni enteritis and guillain-barré syndrome].	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is the most common cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. sera from patients with gbs following campylobacter jejuni infection frequently have autoantibody to gm 1 ganglioside in the acute phase of the illness. we revealed that the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of c. jejuni that was isolated from a gbs patient has the oligosaccharide structure [gal beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 (neuac alpha 2-3) gal beta 1-], which is identical to the terminal tetrasaccharide of gm 1 ganglio ...	1999	10377788
in-vitro activity of moxifloxacin against fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and enterococcus faecalis.	mics of the new fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin, and those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin for 19 genetically characterized fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were determined by the agar dilution method. the mics of moxifloxacin for escherichia isolates with one mutation in gyra (corresponding to ser83-->leu or asp87-->gly substitution) were 0.25-0.5 mg/l, while those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin were 0.06-0.25, 1 and 0.12-0.5 mg/l, respectively. these values were four- ...	1999	10382871
identification and characterization of a flagellin gene from the endosymbiont of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm riftia pachyptila.	the bacterial endosymbionts of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm riftia pachyptila play a key role in providing their host with fixed carbon. results of prior research suggest that the symbionts are selected from an environmental bacterial population, although a free-living form has been neither cultured from nor identified in the hydrothermal vent environment. to begin to assess the free-living potential of the symbiont, we cloned and characterized a flagellin gene from a symbiont fosmid library. ...	1999	10388713
viability and virulence of experimentally stressed nonculturable salmonella typhimurium.	maintenance of pathogenicity of viable but nonculturable salmonella typhimurium cells experimentally stressed with uv-c and seawater, was investigated relative to the viability level of the cellular population. pathogenicity, tested in a mouse model, was lost concomitantly with culturability, whereas cell viability remained undamaged, as determined by respiratory activity and cytoplasmic membrane and genomic integrities.	1999	10388726
rapid detection, by pcr and reverse hybridization, of mutations in the helicobacter pylori 23s rrna gene, associated with macrolide resistance.	a pcr-based reverse hybridization system (research prototype kit inno-lipa for h. pylori resistance) was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of 23s ribosomal dna point mutations, associated with macrolide resistance in helicobacter pylori. fifty-seven h. pylori strains (51 natural, 6 laboratory-derived artificial, 52 resistant, and 5 susceptible strains) were tested by pcr-lipa (detecting mutations a2115-->g, g2141-->a, a2142-->g, a2142-->c, a2143-->g, a2143-->c, and a2143-->t), d ...	1999	10390244
severe guillain-barré syndrome associated with campylobacter jejuni infection with failure to respond to plasmapheresis and immunoglobulin.		1999	10395423
inhibition of salmonella typhimurium in the chicken intestinal tract by a transformed avirulent avian escherichia coli.	an avirulent, wild-type avian escherichia coli (e. coli av) was electrotransformed with a plasmid coding for the production of microcin 24 (pgob18) and was designated e. coli avgob18. the transformant inhibited the growth of seven serotypes of salmonella commonly associated with colonization and contamination of poultry products and seven strains of e. coli o157:h7 in the in vitro colicin/microcin assay. the transformant did not inhibit the replication of multiple isolates of listeria monocytoge ...	1999	10396637
the chemotactic response of vibrio anguillarum to fish intestinal mucus is mediated by a combination of multiple mucus components.	chemotactic motility has previously been shown to be essential for the virulence of vibrio anguillarum in waterborne infections of fish. to investigate the mechanisms by which chemotaxis may function during infection, mucus was isolated from the intestinal and skin epithelial surfaces of rainbow trout. chemotaxis assays revealed that v. anguillarum swims towards both types of mucus, with a higher chemotactic response being observed for intestinal mucus. work was performed to examine the basis, i ...	1999	10400589
the genomic tree as revealed from whole proteome comparisons.	the availability of a number of complete cellular genome sequences allows the development of organisms' classification, taking into account their genome content, the loss or acquisition of genes, and overall gene similarities as signatures of common ancestry. on the basis of correspondence analysis and hierarchical classification methods, a methodological framework is introduced here for the classification of the available 20 completely sequenced genomes and partial information for schizosacchar ...	1999	10400922
autoantibodies to gm1b and galnac-gd1a: relationship to campylobacter jejuni infection and acute motor axonal neuropathy in china.	igg antibodies to the minor gangliosides gm1b and galnac-gd1a frequently are present in sera of japanese patients with guillain-barré syndrome. the relationship between these autoantibodies and campylobacter jejuni infection, the type of disease (acute motor axonal neuropathy [aman], or acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy [aidp]) has yet to be established. sera samples were obtained from 55 chinese patients with clinically defined guillain-barré syndrome. an electrophysiology study s ...	1999	10402024
no benefit of long-term ciprofloxacin treatment in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated oligoarthritis: a three-month, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.	to investigate the effect of long-term antibiotic treatment in patients with reactive arthritis (rea) and undifferentiated oligoarthritis.	1999	10403266
comparison of a commercial test for serotyping heat-stable antigens of campylobacter jejuni with genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	a new commercial serotyping set based on heat-stable penner's antigens was compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with smai and sacii restriction endonucleases. among 50 isolates of campylobacter jejuni from finnish patients, which represented predominant pfge patterns selected from isolates from sporadic cases and isolates associated with small outbreaks, 11 different serotypes were demonstrated from 43 typable isolates. several pfge patterns could be found within one serotype; o ...	1999	10403411
comparison of molecular methods for typing vibrio parahaemolyticus.	an outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis on canada's west coast in 1997 emphasized the need to develop molecular methods for differentiation and typing of these organisms. isolates were analyzed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric) pcr, detection of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) in rrna genes (ribotyping), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and rflp analysis of the genetic locus encoding the polar flagellum (fla locus rflp anal ...	1999	10405387
value of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr for study of pasteurella multocida strains isolated from mouths of dogs.	fifty-six pasteurella multocida strains (40 p. multocida subsp. septica and 16 p. multocida subsp. multocida strains) isolated from the mouths of 56 dogs among the 134 living in a french canine military training center (132e groupe cynophile de l'armée de terre, suippes, france) were studied by use of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr (eric-pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) techniques. both techniques showed genomic heterogeneity of the strains studied. h ...	1999	10405390
disseminated zygomycosis due to rhizopus schipperae after heatstroke.	a 21-year-old woman suffered heatstroke and developed diarrhea while trekking across south texas. the heatstroke was complicated by seizures, rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. the patient's stool and blood cultures grew campylobacter jejuni. the patient subsequently developed paranasal and gastrointestinal zygomycosis and required surgical debridement and a prolonged course of amphotericin b. the zygomycete cultured was rhizopus schipperae. thi ...	1999	10405417
an uncommon helicobacter isolate from blood: evidence of a group of helicobacter spp. pathogenic in aids patients.	an unusual helicobacter sp. was isolated from the blood of a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patient. this organism had spiral morphology, with single amphitrichous flagella, and was negative for hippurate hydrolysis, production of urease, and reduction of nitrate. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis verified that the isolate was a species of helicobacter, most closely related to an undescribed helicobacter-like isolate from vancouver, british columbia, canada, and to helicobacter westme ...	1999	10405434
high-performance liquid chromatography determination of residue levels on chicken carcasses treated with cetylpyridinium chloride.	cetylpyridinium chloride (cpc) has been found to be effective in reducing contamination of chicken carcasses from a variety of microorganisms, including escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, campylobacter jejuni, aeromonas hydrophila, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus. a procedure has been developed to determine residue levels on chicken carcasses after cpc treatment. for the analysis, chicken carcasses were extracted with 95% ethanol. the cpc concentration in the ext ...	1999	10406212
hyperreflexia in guillain-barré syndrome: relation with acute motor axonal neuropathy and anti-gm1 antibody.	to investigate the incidence of hyperreflexia in patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), and its relation with electrodiagnosis of acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), antiganglioside gm1 antibody, and campylobacter jejuni infection. it was reported that patients with aman in northern china often had hyperreflexia in the recovery phase.	1999	10406985
characterization of a haemophilus ducreyi mutant deficient in expression of cytolethal distending toxin.	haemophilus ducreyi expresses a soluble cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) that kills hela, hep-2, and other human epithelial cells in vitro. h. ducreyi cdt activity is encoded by a three-gene cluster (cdtabc), and antibody to the cdtc gene product can neutralize cdt activity in vitro (l. d. cope, s. r. lumbley, j. l. latimer, j. klesney-tait, m. k. stevens, l. s. johnson, m. purven, r. s. munson, jr., t. lagergard, j. d. radolf, and e. j. hansen, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 94:4056-4061, 1997). c ...	1999	10417154
campylobacter jejuni 81-176 associates with microtubules and dynein during invasion of human intestinal cells.	campylobacter jejuni uptake into cultured int407 cells was analyzed kinetically over a wide range of starting multiplicities of infection (moi; from 0.02 to 20,000 bacteria/epithelial cell). the efficiency of internalization was the highest at moi of 0.02 and decreased steadily at higher mois, presumably due to reported c. jejuni autoagglutination at higher densities. total internalized campylobacter cfu increased gradually from an moi of 0.02 to a peak at an moi of 200 (reaching an average of t ...	1999	10417189
citrobacter freundii invades and replicates in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a disease with unacceptable rates of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. citrobacter spp. cause neonatal meningitis but are unique in their frequent association with brain abscess formation. the pathogenesis of citrobacter spp. causing meningitis and brain abscess is not well characterized; however, as with other meningitis-causing bacteria (e.g., escherichia coli k1 and group b streptococci), penetration of t ...	1999	10417193
helicobacter pylori induces gastric epithelial cell apoptosis in association with increased fas receptor expression.	the mechanisms involved in mediating the enhanced gastric epithelial cell apoptosis observed during infection with helicobacter pylori in vivo are unknown. to determine whether h. pylori directly induces apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells in vitro and to define the role of the fas-fas ligand signal transduction cascade, human gastric epithelial cells were infected with h. pylori for up to 72 h under microaerophilic conditions. as assessed by both transmission electron microscopy and fluoresce ...	1999	10417197
occurrence, removal and seasonal variation of thermophilic campylobacters and arcobacter in sewage sludge.	the presence of thermophilic campylobacters and arcobacter was investigated in four types of sewage sludge taken from the treatment plant in bologna (italy): primary, activated, thickened and anaerobically digested sludge. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were more numerous during the march-september period and were found only in primary sludge (22.7%) with mean counts of 278 mpn/g dry matter and 1403 mpn/g dry matter respectively. arcobacter butzleri were found in all types of sludge ...	1999	10418097
interferon-alpha in viral and bacterial gastroenteritis: a comparison with c-reactive protein and interleukin-6.	the aim of the study was to identify serum markers able to differentiate bacterial and viral origin in acute diarrhoea. interferon-alpha (inf-alpha), c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin-6 were determined on admission in the sera of 119 children aged between 1 mo and 14 y who were hospitalized for rotavirus (n = 60) or bacterial diarrhoea (salmonella spp. 39 cases, shigella spp. 15 cases, campylobacter jejuni 5 cases). crp concentration was >10 mg/l in 48.3% of children with viral gastroente ...	1999	10419239
incidence of salmonella, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and listeria monocytogenes in poultry carcasses and different types of poultry products for sale on the belgian retail market.	from january 1997 to may 1998, 772 samples of poultry carcasses and poultry products for sale on the retail market in belgium were analyzed for the presence of salmonella spp., salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and listeria monocytogenes per 100 cm2 or 25 g. poultry samples were contaminated with salmonella (36.5%), c. jejuni and c. coli (28.5%), and l. monocytogenes (38.2%). in about 12.3% of the poultry samples, the l. monocytogenes contamination level exceeded 1 cfu per g ...	1999	10419264
characterization of an atypical superoxide dismutase from sinorhizobium meliloti.	sinorhizobium meliloti rm5000 is an aerobic bacterium that can live free in the soil or in symbiosis with the roots of leguminous plants. a single detectable superoxide dismutase (sod) was found in free-living growth conditions. the corresponding gene was isolated from a genomic library by using a sod fragment amplified by pcr from degenerate primers as a probe. the soda gene was located in the chromosome. it is transcribed monocistronically and encodes a 200-amino-acid protein with a theoretica ...	1999	10419947
[myopericarditis caused by campylobacter jejuni].		1999	10420889
identification of the yqhe and yafb genes encoding two 2, 5-diketo-d-gluconate reductases in escherichia coli.	the identification of a gene (yiae) encoding 2-ketoaldonate reductase (2kr) in our previous work led to the hypothesis that escherichia coli has other ketogluconate reductases including 2, 5-diketo-d-gluconate reductase (25dkgr) and to study of the related ketogluconate metabolism. by using the deduced amino acid sequences of 5-diketo-d-gluconate reductase (5kdgr) of gluconobacter oxydans and 25dkgr of corynebacterium sp., protein databases were screened to detect homologous proteins. among the ...	1999	10427017
microbial population changes during bioremediation of an experimental oil spill.	three crude oil bioremediation techniques were applied in a randomized block field experiment simulating a coastal oil spill. four treatments (no oil control, oil alone, oil plus nutrients, and oil plus nutrients plus an indigenous inoculum) were applied. in situ microbial community structures were monitored by phospholipid fatty acid (plfa) analysis and 16s rdna pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to (i) identify the bacterial community members responsible for the decontamination ...	1999	10427050
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flaa gene of campylobacter jejuni for subtyping human, animal and poultry isolates.	233 strains of campylobacter jejuni were subtyped by pcr-rflp analysis of the flagellin (flaa) gene by double digestion with ecori and psti (ep flaa-profiling). the strains represented a variety of common penner heat stable (hs) serotypes and comprised isolates of human, bovine, ovine, chicken and canine origin. flaa amplicons were obtained directly from dna in cell lysates of most strains. rflp analysis showed considerable allelic variation and nine ep flaa-types were identified of which the mo ...	1999	10427717
a highly conserved sequence is a novel gene involved in de novo vitamin b6 biosynthesis.	the cercospora nicotianae sor1 (singlet oxygen resistance) gene was identified previously as a gene involved in resistance of this fungus to singlet-oxygen-generating phototoxins. although homologues to sor1 occur in organisms in four kingdoms and encode one of the most highly conserved proteins yet identified, the precise function of this protein has, until now, remained unknown. we show that sor1 is essential in pyridoxine (vitamin b6) synthesis in c. nicotianae and aspergillus flavus, althoug ...	1999	10430950
differential susceptibility to hepatic inflammation and proliferation in axb recombinant inbred mice chronically infected with helicobacter hepaticus.	helicobacter hepaticus is a naturally occurring pathogen of mice and has been used to develop models of chronic hepatitis, liver cancer, and, more recently, inflammatory bowel disease, in selected mouse strains. a/jcr mice are particularly susceptible to h. hepaticus-induced hepatitis and subsequent development of liver neoplasms, whereas c57bl/6 mice are resistant. in this study, we inoculated nine axb recombinant inbred (ri) mouse strains, derived from a/j and c57bl/6 mice, with h. hepaticus t ...	1999	10433949
an iron-regulated alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpc) confers aerotolerance and oxidative stress resistance to the microaerophilic pathogen campylobacter jejuni.	microaerophiles like campylobacter jejuni must resist oxidative stresses during transmission or infection. growth of c. jejuni 81116 under iron limitation greatly increased the expression of two polypeptides of 26 and 55 kda. the identification of these proteins by n-terminal amino acid sequencing showed both to be involved in the defense against oxidative stress. the 55-kda polypeptide was identical to c. jejuni catalase (kata), whereas the n terminus of the 26-kda polypeptide was homologous to ...	1999	10438747
evaluation of cytokine production and phagocytic activity in mice infected with campylobacter jejuni.	the effect of several campylobacter jejuni strains on the immune response was analyzed in mice after intraperitoneal inoculation with 10(10) colony forming units (cfu). three c. jejuni strains were assayed: ccug 6968 (enterotoxigenic), ccug 7580 (enterotoxigenic), and ccug 7440 (non-enterotoxigenic). these c. jejuni strains induced a peritoneal inflammatory response and an important increase in the peritoneal phagocyte oxidative activity measured by chemiluminescence assay, as well as an increas ...	1999	10441725
retail poultry and beef as sources of campylobacter jejuni.	to investigate the level of contamination with c. jejuni of raw chicken and beef meats sold in nairobi and to assess their potential as sources of campylobacter infections to man.	1999	10442113
campylobacter jejuni and hemolytic-uremic syndrome.		1999	10450044
food-borne antibiotic-resistant campylobacter infections.	a recent report has provided some important information concerning the apparent emergence of quinolone-resistant bacterial infections in the united states. in particular, this report indicates an increase in domestically acquired, quinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni infections, likely associated with poultry consumption.	1999	10453177
intracellular growth in acanthamoeba castellanii affects monocyte entry mechanisms and enhances virulence of legionella pneumophila.	since legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen, entry into and replication within host cells are thought to be critical to its ability to cause disease. l. pneumophila grown in one of its environmental hosts, acanthamoeba castellanii, is phenotypically different from l. pneumophila grown on standard laboratory medium (bcye agar). although amoeba-grown l. pneumophila displays enhanced entry into monocytes compared to bcye-grown bacteria, the mechanisms of entry used and the effects on ...	1999	10456883
invasive ability of an escherichia coli strain isolated from the ileal mucosa of a patient with crohn's disease.	crohn's disease (cd) is an inflammatory bowel disease in which escherichia coli strains have been suspected of being involved. we demonstrated previously that ileal lesions of cd are colonized by e. coli strains able to adhere to intestinal caco-2 cells but devoid of the virulence genes so far described in the pathogenic e. coli strains involved in gastrointestinal infections. in the present study we compared the invasive ability of one of these strains isolated from an ileal biopsy of a patient ...	1999	10456892
cloning and characterization of a gene encoding an antigenic membrane protein from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with homology to abc transporters.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for a highly contagious and often fatal form of bronchopneumonia in swine. survival from a natural infection generally results in immunity from further infection by all 12 common serotypes, suggesting the presence of common protective antigens. we have identified one of the antigenic membrane proteins from a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5, and cloned the gene which encodes it. this gene is found in all 12 serotypes, and encodes ...	1999	10459579
molecular epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni identifies a dominant clonal line within scottish serotype hs55 populations.	three molecular typing methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), ribotyping, and flagellin (flaa) gene typing, were used to discriminate within a group of 28 campylobacter jejuni, heat-stable serotype 55 (hs55) isolates derived from cases of campylobacter enteritis occurring throughout scotland, including 9 isolates associated with an outbreak. pfge was found to be most discriminatory, identifying 6 distinct profiles, followed by ribotyping (5 profiles), and then flagellin gene typing (4 ...	1999	10459638
an outbreak of campylobacter food poisoning at a university campus.	twelve cases of campylobacter jejuni infection were identified on a university campus in the first 12 days of november 1997. consumption of food from a single outlet, where poor food handling practices were identified, was statistically associated with infection. the epidemiological evidence suggested that what presented as a point source outbreak was a series of small cross contamination incidents associated with multiple strain types. the nature of this outbreak suggests that current surveilla ...	1999	10462894
a novel approach for the construction of a campylobacter mutant library.	given the lack of functional transposons for use in campylobacter spp., an alternative method of insertional mutagenesis using natural transformation was developed. high efficiencies of transformation were only obtained with species-specific dna. this feature was a key element in the construction of mutant libraries of this bacterium. a chromosomal library of campylobacter jejuni 81116 dna was made in shuttle vector puoa18. next, a kanamycin-resistance (kmr) cassette was ligated into the inserts ...	1999	10463181
direct analysis and identification of helicobacter and campylobacter species by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.	campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter fetus, and campylobacter coli were compared with helicobacter pylori and helicobacter mustelae by direct analysis of individual cultured colonies in 50% methanol-water with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (maldi-tof ms). h. pylori and campylobacter species from blood agar culture produced unique, complex spectra with over 25 different ions in mass/charge (m/z) range from 2,000 to 62,000. a biomarker for h. pylori ...	1999	10464475
anti-lactoferrin antibodies and other types of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca) in reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.	fifty-five serum samples from patients with reactive arthritis (rea), 40 from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (as) and three from patients with chronic sacroiliac joint arthritis were analysed for the presence of anca of igg class by means of enzyme immunosorbent assay using lactoferrin (lf), myeloperoxidase (mpo) and antigen extracted from azurophil granules ('alpha-antigen') containing proteinase 3 (pr3) as substrate. igg-anca were found in 31 (56%) patients with rea. twenty-three (42%) h ...	1999	10469064
sulfonamide resistance in clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni: mutational changes in the chromosomal dihydropteroate synthase.	the characterization of the genetic basis of sulfonamide resistance in campylobacter jejuni was attempted. the resistance determinant from a sulfonamide-resistant strain of c. jejuni was cloned and was found to show 42% identity with the folp gene (which codes for dihydropteroate synthase, the target of sulfonamides) of the related bacterium helicobacter pylori. the sequences of the areas surrounding the folp gene in c. jejuni showed similarity to those of the areas surrounding the corresponding ...	1999	10471557
cloning and expression of an immunogenic membrane-associated protein of helicobacter hepaticus for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	helicobacter hepaticus is a bacterial pathogen that causes chronic active hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease in mice. the purpose of this study was to develop a recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect h. hepaticus-infected mice. a genomic library of h. hepaticus was constructed and was screened with sera from h. hepaticus-infected mice. a 459-bp open reading frame that coded for an 18-kda immunoreactive protein, map18, was identified. the gene had high ...	1999	10473529
genetics of o-antigen biosynthesis in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	pathogenic bacteria produce an elaborate assortment of extracellular and cell-associated bacterial products that enable colonization and establishment of infection within a host. lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecules are cell surface factors that are typically known for their protective role against serum-mediated lysis and their endotoxic properties. the most heterogeneous portion of lps is the o antigen or o polysaccharide, and it is this region which confers serum resistance to the organism. pse ...	1999	10477307
metabolism and genetics of helicobacter pylori: the genome era.	the publication of the complete sequence of helicobacter pylori 26695 in 1997 and more recently that of strain j99 has provided new insight into the biology of this organism. in this review, we attempt to analyze and interpret the information provided by sequence annotations and to compare these data with those provided by experimental analyses. after a brief description of the general features of the genomes of the two sequenced strains, the principal metabolic pathways are analyzed. in particu ...	1999	10477311
helicobacter pylori physiology predicted from genomic comparison of two strains.	helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacteria which colonizes the gastric mucosa of humans and is implicated in a wide range of gastroduodenal diseases. this paper reviews the physiology of this bacterium as predicted from the sequenced genomes of two unrelated strains and reconciles these predictions with the literature. in general, the predicted capabilities are in good agreement with reported experimental observations. h. pylori is limited in carbohydrate utilization and will use amino acid ...	1999	10477312