Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| treatment with interferon-alpha delays disease in swine infected with a highly virulent csfv strain. | interferon-alpha (ifnα) can effectively inhibit or abort a viral infection within the host. it has been reported that ifn induction and production is hindered during classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection. most of those studies have been performed in vitro, making it difficult to elucidate the actual role of ifns during csfv infection in swine. here, we report the effect of ifnα treatment (delivered by a replication defective recombinant human adenovirus type 5, ad5) in swine experimentall ... | 2015 | 26004252 |
| classical swine fever virus marker vaccine strain cp7_e2alf: shedding and dissemination studies in boars. | over the last decade, pestivirus chimaera cp7_e2alf has proven to be a most promising marker vaccine candidate against classical swine fever (csf). to provide further background data for the risk assessment towards licensing and release, especially on presence of the vaccine chimaera in faeces, urine, and organs of the male reproductive tract, supplementary studies were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. in detail, the shedding and dissemination pattern of suvaxyn(®) csf marker ... | 2015 | 25980427 |
| direct coating of culture medium from cells secreting classical swine fever virus e2 antigen on elisa plates for detection of e2-specific antibodies. | the envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is widely used as a marker for measuring vaccine efficacy and antibody titer. the glycosylation profile of e2 may affect the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the timing of re-vaccination. in this study, a human embryonic kidney cell line was used to secrete fully-glycosylated csfv e2, which was then coated onto elisa plates without purification or adjustment. the resulting e2-secreting medium-direct-coating (e2-mdc) elisa was su ... | 2015 | 25975854 |
| transfection of rna from organ samples of infected animals represents a highly sensitive method for virus detection and recovery of classical swine fever virus. | translation and replication of positive stranded rna viruses are directly initiated in the cellular cytoplasm after uncoating of the viral genome. accordingly, infectious virus can be generated by transfection of rna genomes into susceptible cells. in the present study, efficiency of conventional virus isolation after inoculation of cells with infectious sample material was compared to virus recovery after transfection of total rna derived from organ samples of pigs infected with classical swine ... | 2015 | 25961582 |
| postnatal persistent infection with classical swine fever virus and its immunological implications. | it is well established that trans-placental transmission of classical swine fever virus (csfv) during mid-gestation can lead to persistently infected offspring. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of csfv to induce viral persistence upon early postnatal infection. two litters of 10 piglets each were infected intranasally on the day of birth with low and moderate virulence csfv isolates, respectively. during six weeks after postnatal infection, most of the piglets remained cl ... | 2015 | 25938664 |
| genome sequence of classical swine fever virus genotype 1.1 with a genetic marker of attenuation detected in a continuous porcine cell line. | the complete genome sequencing and analysis of a classical swine fever virus (csfv) detected in a porcine kidney cell line revealed a close relationship with genotype 1.1 viruses circulating in india and china. the presence of consecutive t insertions in the 3' untranslated region (utr), as seen in vaccine strains of csfv, suggested some degree of attenuation. | 2015 | 25931601 |
| pkr activation enhances replication of classical swine fever virus in pk-15 cells. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious swine disease that is responsible for economic losses worldwide. protein kinase r (pk)r is an important protein in the host viral response; however, the role of pkr in csfv infection remains unknown. this issue was addressed in the present study using the pk-15 swine kidney cell line. we found that csfv infection increased the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eif)2α and its kinase pkr. however, the expression of viral ... | 2015 | 25899421 |
| fatal disease associated with swine hepatitis e virus and porcine circovirus 2 co-infection in four weaned pigs in china. | in recent decades, porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection has been recognized as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and has become a threat to the swine industry. hepatitis e virus (hev) is another high prevalent pathogen in swine in many regions of the world. pcv2 and hev are both highly prevalent in pig farms in china. | 2015 | 25889526 |
| heat shock protein 70 is associated with csfv ns5a protein and enhances viral rna replication. | the non-structural 5a (ns5a) protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is proven to be involved in viral replication and can also modulate cellular signaling via to its ability to interact with various cellular proteins. here, hsp70/ns5a complex formation is confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and gst-pulldown studies. additionally, the n-terminal amino acids (29-240) of ns5a were identified as the interaction region through in vivo deletion analyses, and confocal microscopy showed that ns5a ... | 2015 | 25827528 |
| discrimination within epitope specific antibody populations against classical swine fever virus is a new means of differentiating infection from vaccination. | serological differentiation between infection and vaccination depends on the detection of pathogen specific antibodies for an epitope that is modified or lacking in a vaccine. here we describe a new assay principle that is based on differences in the binding properties of epitope specific antibodies. c-diva is a potent classical swine fever vaccine candidate that differs from the parental c-strain life attenuated vaccine in the highly immunogenic tavspttlr epitope by the deletion of two and the ... | 2015 | 25825375 |
| immunogenicity in swine of orally administered recombinant lactobacillus plantarum expressing classical swine fever virus e2 protein in conjunction with thymosin α-1 as an adjuvant. | classical swine fever, caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), is a highly contagious disease that results in enormous economic losses in pig industries. the e2 protein is one of the main structural proteins of csfv and is capable of inducing csfv-neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) activities in vivo. thymosin α-1 (tα1), an immune-modifier peptide, plays a very important role in the cellular immune response. in this study, genetically engineered lactobacillus plantaru ... | 2015 | 25819954 |
| time-calibrated phylogenomics of the classical swine fever viruses: genome-wide bayesian coalescent approach. | the phylogeny of classical swine fever virus (csfv), the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), has been investigated extensively. however, no evolutionary research has been performed using the whole csfv genome. in this study, we used 37 published genome sequences to investigate the time-calibrated phylogenomics of csfv. in phylogenomic trees based on bayesian inference (bi) and maximum likelihood (ml), the 37 isolates were categorized into five genetic types (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.3, and 3 ... | 2015 | 25815768 |
| close relationship of ruminant pestiviruses and classical swine fever virus. | to determine why serum from small ruminants infected with ruminant pestiviruses reacted positively to classical swine fever virus (csfv)-specific diagnostic tests, we analyzed 2 pestiviruses from turkey. they differed genetically and antigenically from known pestivirus species and were closely related to csfv. cross-reactions would interfere with classical swine fever diagnosis in pigs. | 2015 | 25811683 |
| the n-terminal domain of npro of classical swine fever virus determines its stability and regulates type i ifn production. | the viral protein npro is unique to the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. after autocatalytic cleavage from the nascent polyprotein, npro suppresses type i ifn (ifn-α/β) induction by mediating proteasomal degradation of ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf-3). previous studies found that the npro-mediated irf-3 degradation was dependent of a trash domain in the c-terminal half of npro coordinating zinc by means of the amino acid residues c112, c134, d136 and c138. interestingly, four clas ... | 2015 | 25809915 |
| a comparison of the impact of shimen and c strains of classical swine fever virus on toll-like receptor expression. | classical swine fever is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide and has tremendous socioeconomic impact. in this study, we focused on the signalling pathways of toll-like receptors (tlrs) because of their roles in the detection and response to viral infections. to this end, two classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains, namely the highly virulent csfv shimen strain and the avirulent c strain (a vaccine strain), were employed, and the expression of 19 immune effector genes was analys ... | 2015 | 25805409 |
| an investigation of classical swine fever virus seroprevalence and risk factors in pigs in east nusa tenggara, eastern indonesia. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a highly infectious disease of pigs. it has had significant impacts on east nusa tenggara, eastern indonesia since its introduction in 1997. in spite of its importance to this region, little is known about its seroprevalence and distribution, and pig-level and farmer-level factors that may have an impact on the serological status of an individual pig. to address this knowledge deficit, a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted in 2010 involving 2 ... | 2015 | 25792334 |
| a dark-to-bright reporter cell for classical swine fever virus infection. | current methods to quantitate classical swine fever virus (csfv) infectivity in cell culture are time-consuming and labor-intensive. this study described the generation of a dark-to-bright fluorescent reporter cells to facilitate in vitro studies of csfv infection and replication. this assay was based on a novel reporter cell stably expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) fused in-frame to a quenching peptide via a special recognition sequence of the csfv ns3 protease. chromopho ... | 2015 | 25746332 |
| annexin 2 is a host protein binding to classical swine fever virus e2 glycoprotein and promoting viral growth in pk-15 cells. | glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a key determinant and major immunogen for viral entry and immunity, but little is known about its interaction with host proteins. in a previous study, we showed by proteomic analysis that cellular membrane protein annexin 2 (anx2) was up-regulated in pk-15 cells following csfv infection, but its function in csfv replication remains unknown. in the present study we observed the interaction of anx2 with csfv e2 following infection of pk-15 c ... | 2015 | 25701745 |
| complete genome sequence of classical swine fever virus subgenogroup 2.1 from assam, india. | we report the complete genome sequence of a classical swine fever virus (genogroup 2.1), isolated from an outbreak in assam, india. this particular isolate showed a high degree of genetic variation within the subgenogroup 2.1 and may serve as a potential reference strain of the 2.1 genogroup of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in the indian subcontinent. | 2015 | 25614559 |
| annexin a2 is involved in the production of classical swine fever virus infectious particles. | annexin a2 (anxa2) is an important host factor regulating several key processes in many viruses. to evaluate the potential involvement of anxa2 in the life cycle of classical swine fever virus (csfv), an rna interference (rnai) approach was utilized. knockdown of anxa2 did not impair csfv rna replication but significantly reduced csfv production. a comparable reduction of extracellular and intracellular infectivity levels was detected, indicating that anxa2 might play a role in csfv assembly rat ... | 2015 | 25593157 |
| molecular characterization of e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus: adaptation and propagation in porcine kidney cells. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease, hog cholera in pigs. the disease is endemic in many parts of the world, and vaccination is the only way to protect the animals from csfv infection. the lapinized vaccine strains are occasionally not protective because of animal to animal passage, inadequate vaccination strategy, suboptimal vaccine dose, and emergence of new variants. the surface glycoprotein e2 of csfv is a major antigenic determinant and c ... | 2015 | 25552311 |
| pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in mizoram. | clinical histopathological and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever disease in pigs of mizoram. | 2015 | 27047001 |
| tree imbalance causes a bias in phylogenetic estimation of evolutionary timescales using heterochronous sequences. | phylogenetic estimation of evolutionary timescales has become routine in biology, forming the basis of a wide range of evolutionary and ecological studies. however, there are various sources of bias that can affect these estimates. we investigated whether tree imbalance, a property that is commonly observed in phylogenetic trees, can lead to reduced accuracy or precision of phylogenetic timescale estimates. we analysed simulated data sets with calibrations at internal nodes and at the tips, taki ... | 2015 | 25431227 |
| african swine fever virus infects macrophages, the natural host cells, via clathrin- and cholesterol-dependent endocytosis. | the main cellular target for african swine fever virus (asfv) is the porcine macrophage. however, existing data about the early phases of infection were previously characterized in non-leukocyte cells such as vero cells. here, we report that asfv enters the natural host cell using dynamin-dependent and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. this pathway is strongly ph-dependent during the first steps of infection in porcine macrophages. we investigated the effect of drugs inhibiting several endocytic pa ... | 2015 | 25662020 |
| comparative analysis of the complete genome sequences of kenyan african swine fever virus isolates within p72 genotypes ix and x. | twelve complete african swine fever virus (asfv) genome sequences are currently publicly available and these include only one sequence from east africa. we describe genome sequencing and annotation of a recent pig-derived p72 genotype ix, and a tick-derived genotype x isolate from kenya using the illumina platform and comparison with the kenya 1950 isolate. the three genomes constitute a cluster that was phylogenetically distinct from other asfv genomes, but 98-99 % conserved within the group. v ... | 2015 | 25645905 |
| evaluation of the risk factors contributing to the african swine fever occurrence in sardinia, italy. | this study assesses the relation between hypothesized risk factors and african swine fever virus (asfv) distribution in sardinia (italy) after the beginning of the eradication program in 1993, using a bayesian multivariable logistic regression mixed model. results indicate that the probability of asfv occurrence in sardinia was associated to particular socio-cultural, productive and economical factors found in the region, particularly to large number of confined (i.e., closed) farms (most of the ... | 2015 | 25926829 |
| course and transmission characteristics of oral low-dose infection of domestic pigs and european wild boar with a caucasian african swine fever virus isolate. | in 2007, african swine fever virus (asfv) was introduced into the transcaucasian countries and russia. since then, it has spread alarmingly and reached the european union. asfv strains are highly virulent and lead to almost 100% mortality under experimental conditions. however, the possibility of dose-dependent disease courses has been discussed. for this reason, a study was undertaken to assess the risk of chronic disease and the establishment of carriers upon low-dose oronasal infection of dom ... | 2015 | 25916610 |
| cd2v interacts with adaptor protein ap-1 during african swine fever infection. | african swine fever virus (asfv) cd2v protein is believed to be involved in virulence enhancement, viral hemadsorption, and pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms of the function of this viral protein are still not fully understood. here we describe that cd2v localized around viral factories during asfv infection, suggesting a role in the generation and/or dynamics of these viral structures and hence in disturbing cellular traffic. we show that cd2v targeted the regulatory trans-golgi n ... | 2015 | 25915900 |
| faustovirus, an asfarvirus-related new lineage of giant viruses infecting amoebae. | giant viruses are protist-associated viruses belonging to the proposed order megavirales; almost all have been isolated from acanthamoeba spp. their isolation in humans suggests that they are part of the human virome. using a high-throughput strategy to isolate new giant viruses from their original protozoan hosts, we obtained eight isolates of a new giant viral lineage from vermamoeba vermiformis, the most common free-living protist found in human environments. this new lineage was proposed to ... | 2015 | 25878099 |
| impact on antibody responses of b-cell-restricted transgenic expression of a viral gene inhibiting activation of nf-κb and nfat. | in this work, we have assessed the impact in vivo of the evasion gene a238l of african swine fever virus, an inhibitor of both nf-κb- and nfat-mediated transcription. the a238l gene was selectively expressed in mouse b lymphocytes using the promoter and enhancer sequences of the mouse ig μ heavy chain. the igm primary and igg2b secondary serological responses and the number of splenic germinal centres in response to the td antigens dnp-keyhole limpet hemocyanin and sheep red blood cells, respect ... | 2015 | 25864175 |
| analysis of hdac6 and bag3-aggresome pathways in african swine fever viral factory formation. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a double-stranded dna virus causing a hemorrhagic fever disease with high mortality rates and severe economic losses in pigs worldwide. asfv replicates in perinuclear sites called viral factories (vfs) that are morphologically similar to cellular aggresomes. this fact raises the possibility that both vfs and aggresomes may be the same structure. however, little is known about the process involved in the formation of these viral replication platforms. in order ... | 2015 | 25856634 |
| tandem repeat insertion in african swine fever virus, russia, 2012. | 2015 | 25812015 | |
| african swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of mgf360 and mgf505 genes is attenuated in swine and confers protection against challenge with virulent parental virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the control of african swine fever (asf) has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. experimental vaccines have been developed using genetically modified live attenuated asfvs where viral genes involved in virus virulence were removed from the genome. multigene family 360 (mgf360) and mgf505 represent a gro ... | 2015 | 25810553 |
| phylogeographic analysis of african swine fever virus based on the p72 gene sequence. | african swine fever virus (asfv) outbreak has been considered as an emerging and re-emerging disease for almost a century. diagnostically, simple polymerase chain reaction and sequencing-based molecular detection could be employed for both viral identification and genotyping. this study established a novel phylogenetic analysis and epidemiology comparison based on 205 bp of p72 gene sequences. based on this partial p72 fragment, an updated list of 44 different genotypes from a total of 516 asfv ... | 2015 | 25966230 |
| a study of lymphoid organs and serum proinflammatory cytokines in pigs infected with african swine fever virus genotype ii. | african swine fever virus (asfv), the causative agent of one of the most important viral diseases of domestic pigs for which no vaccine is available, causes immune system disorders in infected animals. in this study, the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the histological and cellular constitution of lymphoid organs of pigs infected with asfv genotype ii were investigated. the results showed a high degree of lymphocyte depletion in the lymphoid organs, particularly in the sple ... | 2015 | 25797197 |
| comparative analysis of african swine fever virus genotypes and serogroups. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes highly lethal hemorrhagic disease among pigs, and asfv's extreme antigenic diversity hinders vaccine development. we show that p72 asfv phylogenetic analysis does not accurately define asfv hemadsorption inhibition assay serogroups. thus, conventional asfv genotyping cannot discriminate between viruses of different virulence or predict efficacy of a specific asfv vaccine. | 2015 | 25625574 |
| african swine fever virus cd2v and c-type lectin gene loci mediate serological specificity. | african swine fever (asf) is an emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. no asf vaccine is available and progress is hindered by lack of knowledge concerning the extent of asf virus (asfv) strain diversity and the viral antigens responsible for protection in the pig. available data from vaccination/challenge experiments in pigs indicate asf protective immunity is haemadsorption inhibition (hai) serotype-specific. a better understanding of asfv hai serological groups and their di ... | 2015 | 25524164 |
| the progressive adaptation of a georgian isolate of african swine fever virus to vero cells leads to a gradual attenuation of virulence in swine corresponding to major modifications of the viral genome. | african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a contagious and often lethal disease of feral and domestic swine. experimental vaccines derived from naturally occurring, genetically modified, or cell culture-adapted asfv have been evaluated, but no commercial vaccine is available to control african swine fever (asf). we report here the genotypic and phenotypic analysis of viruses obtained at different passages during the process of adaptation of a virulent asfv field isolate from the republic of georgi ... | 2015 | 25505073 |
| related strains of african swine fever virus with different virulence: genome comparison and analysis. | two strains of african swine fever virus (asfv), the high-virulence lisboa60 (l60) and the low-virulence nh/p68 (nhv), which have previously been used in effective immunization/protection studies, were sequenced. both were isolated in portugal during the 11-year period after the introduction of asfv to the european continent in 1957. the predicted proteins coded by both strains were compared, and where differences were found these were also compared to other strains of known virulence. this high ... | 2015 | 25406173 |
| in situ hybridization with labeled probes: assessment of african swine fever virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. | in situ hybridization (ish) has become a very valuable molecular diagnostic tool to detect specific dna or rna sequences in biological samples through the use of complementary dna- or rna-labeled probes. here, we describe an optimized in situ hybridization protocol to detect african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using digoxigenin-labeled probes. | 2015 | 25399099 |
| african swine fever virus orf p1192r codes for a functional type ii dna topoisomerase. | topoisomerases modulate the topological state of dna during processes, such as replication and transcription, that cause overwinding and/or underwinding of the dna. african swine fever virus (asfv) is a nucleo-cytoplasmic double-stranded dna virus shown to contain an ofr (p1192r) with homology to type ii topoisomerases. here we observed that pp1192r is highly conserved among asfv isolates but dissimilar from other viral, prokaryotic or eukaryotic type ii topoisomerases. in both asfv/ba71v-infect ... | 2015 | 25463606 |
| detection of african swine fever virus dna in blood samples stored on fta cards from asymptomatic pigs in mbeya region, tanzania. | the aim of the study was to assess whether blood samples collected onto fta(®) cards could be used in combination with real-time pcr for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in samples from resource-poor settings under the assumption that asymptomatically (sub-clinically) infected pigs may be present. blood samples were collected from clinically healthy pigs from mbeya region, tanzania. the blood samples were stored on fta(®) cards and analysed by real-time pcr assays in duplica ... | 2015 | 23472656 |
| thioredoxin 2 is a novel e2-interacting protein that inhibits the replication of classical swine fever virus. | the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is an envelope glycoprotein that is involved in virus attachment and entry. to date, the e2-interacting cellular proteins and their involvement in viral replication have been poorly documented. in this study, thioredoxin 2 (trx2) was identified to be a novel e2-interacting partner using yeast two-hybrid screening from a porcine macrophage cdna library. trx2 is a mitochondrion-associated protein that participates in diverse cellular events. the ... | 2015 | 26041303 |
| exposure of extensively farmed wild boars (sus scrofa scrofa) to selected pig pathogens in greece. | increased density and distribution of wild boar populations are likely to promote interactions and transmission of certain pathogens, not only among wild boar but also from wild boar to livestock or humans and vice versa. | 2015 | 25774434 |
| geographic range of vector-borne infections and their vectors: the role of african wildlife. | the role of african wildlife in the occurrence of vector-borne infections in domestic animals has gained renewed interest as emerging and re-emerging infections occur worldwide at an increasing rate. in africa, biodiversity conservation and the expansion of livestock production have increased the risk of transmitting vector-borne infections between wildlife and livestock. the indigenous african pathogens with transboundary potential, such as rift valley fever virus, african horse sickness virus, ... | 2015 | 26470454 |
| current status of african swine fever virus in a population of wild boar in eastern poland (2014-2015). | african swine fever virus (asfv) was detected in wild boar in eastern poland in early 2014. so far, 65 cases of asfv infection in wild boar have been recognised. the methods used for asfv detection included highly specific real-time pcr with a universal probe library (upl), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and an immunoperoxidase test (ipt) for identification of anti-asfv antibodies. the positive asf cases were located near the border with belarus in sokółka and białystok counties. som ... | 2015 | 26497350 |
| genome sequence of african swine fever virus ba71, the virulent parental strain of the nonpathogenic and tissue-culture adapted ba71v. | the strain ba71v has played a key role in african swine fever virus (asfv) research. it was the first genome sequenced, and remains the only genome completely determined. a large part of the studies on the function of asfv genes, viral transcription, replication, dna repair and morphogenesis, has been performed using this model. this avirulent strain was obtained by adaptation to grow in vero cells of the highly virulent ba71 strain. we report here the analysis of the genome sequence of ba71 in ... | 2015 | 26618713 |
| small-scale pig farmers' behavior, silent release of african swine fever virus and consequences for disease spread. | the expanding distribution of african swine fever (asf) is threatening the pig industry worldwide. most outbreaks occur in backyard and small-scale herds, where poor farmers often attempt to limit the disease's economic consequences by the emergency sale of their pigs. the risk of african swine fever virus (asfv) release via this emergency sale was investigated. simulation modeling was used to study asfv transmission in backyard and small-scale farms as well as the emergency sale of pigs, and th ... | 2015 | 26610850 |
| cholesterol flux is required for endosomal progression of african swine fever virions during the initial establishment of infection. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a major threat for porcine production that has been slowly spreading in eastern europe since its first appearance in the caucasus in 2007. asfv enters the cell by endocytosis and gains access to the cytosol to start replication from late endosomes and multivesicular bodies. cholesterol associated with low-density lipoproteins entering the cell by endocytosis also follows a trafficking pathway similar to that of asfv. here we show that cholesterol plays an esse ... | 2015 | 26608317 |
| live attenuated african swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causal agent of african swine fever, a hemorrhagic and often lethal porcine disease causing enormous economical losses in affected countries. endemic for decades in most of the sub-saharan countries and sardinia, the risk of asfv-endemicity in europe has increased since its last introduction into europe in 2007. live attenuated viruses have been demonstrated to induce very efficient protective immune responses, albeit most of the time protection was circum ... | 2015 | 26589145 |
| first detection of antibodies against african swine fever virus in faeces samples. | african swine fever (asf) is a viral, highly lethal haemorrhagic disease of swine with no available vaccine or effective treatment. introduction of asf into a country triggers immediate restriction measures that cause significant economic losses and threatens spread to neighbouring countries. wild boar populations have been recently assigned an essential role in the spread of african swine fever virus (asfv) to european countries. therefore, effective surveillance and monitoring of wild boar pop ... | 2015 | 26431943 |
| alterations of nuclear architecture and epigenetic signatures during african swine fever virus infection. | viral interactions with host nucleus have been thoroughly studied, clarifying molecular mechanisms and providing new antiviral targets. considering that african swine fever virus (asfv) intranuclear phase of infection is poorly understood, viral interplay with subnuclear domains and chromatin architecture were addressed. nuclear speckles, cajal bodies, and promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies (pml-nbs) were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot. further, efficient pml pro ... | 2015 | 26389938 |
| early intranuclear replication of african swine fever virus genome modifies the landscape of the host cell nucleus. | although african swine fever virus (asfv) replicates in viral cytoplasmic factories, the presence of viral dna within the host cell nucleus has been previously reported to be essential for productive infection. herein, we described, for the first time, the intranuclear distribution patterns of viral dna replication events, preceding those that occur in the cytoplasmic compartment. using brdu pulse-labelling experiments, newly synthesized asfv genomes were exclusively detected inside the host cel ... | 2015 | 26183880 |
| [continuous cell subline a4c2/9k and its application to the african swine fever virus study]. | a new continuous cell subline a4c2/9k highly sensitive to the african swine fever virus (asfv) was prepared. all the tested asfv strains isolated in the russian federation in 2008-2013 proliferated in this cell culture exhibiting hemadsorption and accumulated at a titer of up to 6.5 ig hau50/cm3. the cell culture a4c2/9k can be used for asfv isolation or determination of its infectious activity and serotype identity. the culture versions of the asfv strain stavropol 01/08 at passages 24 and 33 i ... | 2015 | 26182658 |
| a multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, african swine fever virus, highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies in swines. | in this assay, we developed and evaluated a multiplex pcr (mpcr) for its ability in detecting multiple infections of swine simultaneously. four pairs of primers were used to detect five viruses. specific primers were designed for classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv) and pseudorabies (prv). a pair of primers was designed prudently for two different types of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that respectively were porcine reproductive and respirato ... | 2015 | 26812812 |
| african swine fever virus assembles a single membrane derived from rupture of the endoplasmic reticulum. | collective evidence argues that two members of the nucleocytoplasmic large dna viruses (ncldvs) acquire their membrane from open membrane intermediates, postulated to be derived from membrane rupture. we now study membrane acquisition of the ncldv african swine fever virus. by electron tomography (et), the virion assembles a single bilayer, derived from open membrane precursors that collect as ribbons in the cytoplasm. biochemically, lumenal endoplasmic reticulum (er) proteins are released into ... | 2015 | 26096327 |
| african swine fever virus georgia 2007 with a deletion of virulence-associated gene 9gl (b119l), when administered at low doses, leads to virus attenuation in swine and induces an effective protection against homologous challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of an often lethal disease of domestic pigs. disease control strategies have been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines against asfv. since its introduction in the republic of georgia, a highly virulent virus, asfv georgia 2007 (asfv-g), has caused an epizootic that spread rapidly into eastern european countries. currently no vaccines are available or under development to control asfv-g. in the past, genetically modified asfvs harbor ... | 2015 | 26063424 |
| host cell targets for african swine fever virus. | viruses are strict intracellular pathogens that require the cellular environment to complete a successful infection. among them, african swine fever virus (asfv) is an evolutionary ancient dna virus, endemic in africa, which is nowadays causing an emergent disease in europe with a potential high economic impact in the pig industry. it is well known that host-cell components are critical crossroads mapping the virus path for a productive infection, some of them at the endocytic pathway. consideri ... | 2015 | 26057710 |
| [on the situation of african swine fever and the biological characterization of recent virus isolates]. | african swine fever (asf), a disease notifiable to the world organization of animal health (oie), is characterized by severe, unspecific clinical signs and high mortality rates. hosts for asf virus (asfv) are only members of the family suidae and soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros. currently, no vaccine is available and therefore, the control is primarily based on strict sanitary measures. the most important part is the early detection of the disease within affected animal holdings and the fas ... | 2015 | 26054220 |
| estimating the basic reproductive number (r0) for african swine fever virus (asfv) transmission between pig herds in uganda. | african swine fever (asf) is a highly contagious, lethal and economically devastating haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs. insights into the dynamics and scale of virus transmission can be obtained from estimates of the basic reproduction number (r0). we estimate r0 for asf virus in small holder, free-range pig production system in gulu, uganda. the estimation was based on data collected from outbreaks that affected 43 villages (out of the 289 villages with an overall pig population of 26,570) ... | 2015 | 25938429 |
| midgut proteome of an argasid tick, ornithodoros erraticus: a comparison between unfed and engorged females. | the argasid tick ornithodoros erraticus is the vector of african swine fever virus and of several borrelia species that cause human relapsing fever in the iberian peninsula. the tick midgut is part of the ectoparasite-host interface and expresses proteins that are vital for the survival of the tick. midgut proteins are therefore potential targets for drug and/or vaccine design aimed at the development of new strategies for tick control. thus, the aim of this work was the characterization of the ... | 2015 | 26459090 |
| experimental infection of ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto with two portuguese african swine fever virus strains. study of factors involved in the dynamics of infection in ticks. | african swine fever (asf) is a frequently devastating hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs and wild boar and ornithodoros erraticus sensu stricto argasid ticks are the only biological vectors of african swine fever virus (asfv) known to occur in europe. recently this disease emerged in eastern europe and russian federation, showing a huge potential for a rapid spread between countries. there is some risk of re-emergence of asf in the countries where these ticks exist, that can contribute for the ... | 2015 | 26366570 |
| eef1a interacts with the ns5a protein and inhibits the growth of classical swine fever virus. | the ns5a protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is involved in the rna synthesis and viral replication. however, the ns5a-interacting cellular proteins engaged in the csfv replication are poorly defined. using yeast two-hybrid screen, the eukaryotic elongation factor 1a (eef1a) was identified to be an ns5a-binding partner. the ns5a-eef1a interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione s-transferase (gst) pulldown and laser confocal microscopy assays. the domain i of eef1a ... | 2015 | 26266418 |
| an eif2α-binding motif in protein phosphatase 1 subunit gadd34 and its viral orthologs is required to promote dephosphorylation of eif2α. | transient protein synthesis inhibition, mediated by phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eif2α), is an important protective mechanism cells use during stress conditions. following relief of the stress, the growth arrest and dna damage-inducible protein gadd34 associates with the broadly acting serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (pp1) to dephosphorylate eif2α. whereas the pp1-binding motif on gadd34 has been defined, it remains to be determined how g ... | 2015 | 26100893 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus using real-time pcr and high resolution melting (hrm) analysis. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is the important causative agent for infectious infertility, which is a fairly tough virus that multiplies normally in the intestine of pigs without causing clinical signs in the world. | 2015 | 25879634 |
| the laminin receptor is a cellular attachment receptor for classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious, economically important viral disease in many countries. the e(rns) and e2 envelope glycoproteins are responsible for the binding to and entry into the host cell by csfv. to date, only one cellular receptor, heparan sulfate (hs), has been identified as being involved in csfv attachment. hs is also present on the surface of various cells that are nonpermissive to csfv. hence, there must b ... | 2015 | 25694590 |
| enhanced protective immunity of the chimeric vector-based vaccine radv-sfv-e2 against classical swine fever in pigs by a salmonella bacterial ghost adjuvant. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious swine disease caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv). previously, we demonstrated that radv-sfv-e2, an adenovirus-delivered, semliki forest virus replicon-vectored marker vaccine against csf, is able to protect pigs against lethal csfv challenge. from an economical point of view, it will be beneficial to reduce the minimum effective dose of the vaccine. this study was designed to test the adjuvant effects of salmonella enteritidis-derived ... | 2016 | 27301745 |
| detection of african swine fever virus antibodies in serum and oral fluid specimens using a recombinant protein 30 (p30) dual matrix indirect elisa. | in the absence of effective vaccine(s), control of african swine fever caused by african swine fever virus (asfv) must be based on early, efficient, cost-effective detection and strict control and elimination strategies. for this purpose, we developed an indirect elisa capable of detecting asfv antibodies in either serum or oral fluid specimens. the recombinant protein used in the elisa was selected by comparing the early serum antibody response of asfv-infected pigs (nhv-p68 isolate) to three m ... | 2016 | 27611939 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (mek2), a novel e2-interacting protein, promotes the growth of classical swine fever virus via attenuation of the jak-stat signaling pathway. | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (mek1/2/erk1/2) cascade is involved in the replication of several members of the flaviviridae family including hepatitis c virus and dengue virus. the effects of the cascade on the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv), a fatal pestivirus of pigs, remain unknown. in this study, mek2 was identified as a novel binding partner of the e2 protein of csfv using yeast two-hybrid screening. the e2-mek2 interaction was con ... | 2016 | 27605672 |
| antiviral role of ifitm proteins in african swine fever virus infection. | the interferon-induced transmembrane (ifitm) protein family is a group of antiviral restriction factors that impair flexibility and inhibit membrane fusion at the plasma or the endosomal membrane, restricting viral progression at entry. while ifitms are widely known to inhibit several single-stranded rna viruses, there are limited reports available regarding their effect in double-stranded dna viruses. in this work, we have analyzed a possible antiviral function of ifitms against a double strand ... | 2016 | 27116236 |
| classical swine fever virus vs. classical swine fever virus: the superinfection exclusion phenomenon in experimentally infected wild boar. | two groups with three wild boars each were used: group a (animals 1 to 3) served as the control, and group b (animals 4 to 6) was postnatally persistently infected with the cat01 strain of csfv (primary virus). the animals, six weeks old and clinically healthy, were inoculated with the virulent strain margarita (secondary virus). for exclusive detection of the margarita strain, a specific qrt-pcr assay was designed, which proved not to have cross-reactivity with the cat01 strain. the wild boars ... | 2016 | 26919741 |
| molecular detection of torque teno sus virus and coinfection with african swine fever virus in blood samples of pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria. | torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b) infection is present in pig herds worldwide. this study investigated the prevalence of ttsuv1a/ttsuv1b infections in domestic pigs from some slaughterhouses in nigeria as well as coinfection with african swine fever virus (asfv) and described the phylogeny in relation to global strains. one hundred and eighty-one (181) blood samples from four slaughterhouses were used for the study and viral nucleic acid detection was carried out by pcr. comparative sequ ... | 2016 | 27833640 |
| effect of o. porcinus tick salivary gland extract on the african swine fever virus infection in domestic pig. | african swine fever is a haemorrhagic disease in pig production that can have disastrous financial consequences for farming. no vaccines are currently available and animal slaughtering or area zoning to restrict risk-related movements are the only effective measures to prevent the spread of the disease. ornithodoros soft ticks are known to transmit the african swine fever virus (asfv) to pigs in farms, following the natural epidemiologic cycle of the virus. tick saliva has been shown to modulate ... | 2016 | 26828597 |
| african swine fever virus transmission cycles in central europe: evaluation of wild boar-soft tick contacts through detection of antibodies against ornithodoros erraticus saliva antigen. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most complex viral diseases affecting both domestic and wild pigs. it is caused by asf virus (asfv), the only dna virus which can be efficiently transmitted by an arthropod vector, soft ticks of the genus ornithodoros. these ticks can be part of asfv-transmission cycles, and in europe, o. erraticus was shown to be responsible for long-term maintenance of asfv in spain and portugal. in 2014, the disease has been reintroduced into the european union, affecti ... | 2016 | 26728767 |
| assessment of the geographic distribution of ornithodoros turicata (argasidae): climate variation and host diversity. | ornithodoros turicata is a veterinary and medically important argasid tick that is recognized as a vector of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae and african swine fever virus. historic collections of o. turicata have been recorded from latin america to the southern united states. however, the geographic distribution of this vector is poorly understood in relation to environmental variables, their hosts, and consequently the pathogens they transmit. | 2016 | 26829327 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities of animal-used quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides against mycobacteria, mycoplasma and fungi. | the quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos) were known as potent antibacterial agents. for the purpose of evaluating the bioactivity of existing animal-used qdnos drugs against representative pathogenic microorganism, the representative drugs of quinoxalines including cyadox, mequindox, quinocetone and their metabolites were submitted to the in vitro evaluation for antituberculosis, antimycoplasma, antifungal and antiviral activities. | 2016 | 27600955 |
| experimental pig-to-pig transmission dynamics for african swine fever virus, georgia 2007/1 strain. | african swine fever virus (asfv) continues to cause outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar in eastern european countries. to gain insights into its transmission dynamics, we estimated the pig-to-pig basic reproduction number (r 0) for the georgia 2007/1 asfv strain using a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (seir) model with parameters estimated from transmission experiments. models showed that r 0 is 2·8 [95% confidence interval (ci) 1·3-4·8] within a pen and 1·4 (95% ci 0·6- ... | 2016 | 25989921 |
| simultaneous typing of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr with a gexp analyser. | a novel high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven porcine pathogens by multiplex pcr based on a genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyser. the pathogens included in this study were pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus (asfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev). sev ... | 2016 | 26706731 |
| deletion of the thymidine kinase gene induces complete attenuation of the georgia isolate of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal viral disease of domestic pigs. there are no vaccines to control africa swine fever (asf). experimental vaccines have been developed using genetically modified live attenuated asfvs obtained by specifically deleting virus genes involved in virulence, including the thymidine kinase (tk) gene. tk has been shown to be involved in the virulence of several viruses, including asfv. here we report the constructio ... | 2016 | 26656424 |
| complete genome sequence of an african swine fever virus isolate from sardinia, italy. | previous genetic characterization of african swine fever virus isolates from the italian island of sardinia, where the virus has been present since 1978, has largely been limited to a few selected genomic regions. here, we report the complete genome sequence of the isolate 47/ss/08 collected during an outbreak in 2008. | 2016 | 27856577 |
| apigenin inhibits african swine fever virus infection in vitro. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of asfv in vero cells. our results showed a potent, dose-dependent anti-asfv effect of apigenin in vitro. time-of-addition experime ... | 2016 | 27638776 |
| development of a novel lateral flow assay for detection of african swine fever in blood. | african swine fever (asf) is a viral infectious disease of domestic and wild suids of all breeds and ages, causing a wide range of hemorrhagic syndromes and frequently characterized by high mortality. the disease is endemic in sub-saharan africa and sardinia. since 2007, it has also been present in different countries of eastern europe, where control measures have not been effective so far. the continued spread poses a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. in the absence of vaccine, ea ... | 2016 | 27633968 |
| induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored african swine fever virus antigens. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) causes a fatal hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine, and at present no treatment or vaccine is available. natural and gene-deleted, live attenuated strains protect against closely related virulent strains; however, they are yet to be deployed and evaluated in the field to rule out chronic persistence and a potential for reversion to virulence. previous studies suggest that antibodies play a role in protection, but induction of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) ... | 2016 | 27628166 |
| evidence for the presence of african swine fever virus in an endemic region of western kenya in the absence of any reported outbreak. | african swine fever (asf), caused by african swine fever virus (asfv), is a severe haemorrhagic disease of pigs, outbreaks of which can have a devastating impact upon commercial and small-holder pig production. pig production in western kenya is characterised by low-input, free-range systems practised by poor farmers keeping between two and ten pigs. these farmers are particularly vulnerable to the catastrophic loss of livestock assets experienced in an asf outbreak. this study wished to expand ... | 2016 | 27608711 |
| evolution of african swine fever virus genes related to evasion of host immune response. | african swine fever (asf) is a notifiable and one of the most complex and devastating infectious disease of pigs, wild boars and other representatives of suidae family. african swine fever virus (asfv) developed various molecular mechanisms to evade host immune response including alteration of interferon production by multigene family protein (mgf505-2r), inhibition of nf-κb and nuclear activating factor in t-cells by the a238l protein, or modulation of host defense by cd2v lectin-like protein e ... | 2016 | 27599940 |
| experimental pig-to-pig transmission dynamics for african swine fever virus, georgia 2007/1 strain- corrigendum. | 2016 | 27573924 | |
| in vitro inhibition of african swine fever virus-topoisomerase ii disrupts viral replication. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a highly-contagious and fatal disease of domestic pigs, leading to serious socio-economic impact in affected countries. to date, neither a vaccine nor a selective anti-viral drug are available for prevention or treatment of african swine fever (asf), emphasizing the need for more detailed studies at the role of asfv proteins involved in viral dna replication and transcription. notably, asfv encodes for a functional type ii topoisomeras ... | 2016 | 27568922 |
| characterization of the atypical lymphocytes in african swine fever. | atypical lymphocytes usually described as lymphocytes with altered shape, increased dna amount, and larger size. for analysis of cause of genesis and source of atypical lymphocytes during african swine fever virus (asfv) infection, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and in vitro model were investigated. | 2016 | 27536044 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| deletion of african swine fever virus interferon inhibitors from the genome of a virulent isolate reduces virulence in domestic pigs and induces a protective response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes multiple copies of mgf360 and mgf530/505 gene families. these genes have been implicated in the modulation of the type i interferon (ifn) response. we investigated the effect of modulating the ifn response on virus attenuation and induction of protective immunity by deleting genes mgf360 (mgf360-10l, 11l, 12l, 13l, 14l) and mgf530/505 (mgf530/505-1r, 2r and 3r) and interrupting genes (mgf360-9l and mgf530/505-4r) in the genome of the virulent asfv isolate ... | 2016 | 27521231 |
| the ep152r orf of african swine fever virus strain georgia encodes for an essential gene that interacts with host protein bag6. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. the viral genome encodes for more than 150 genes, and only a select few of these genes have been studied in some detail. here we report the characterization of open reading frame ep152r that has a predicted complement control module/scr domain. this domain is found in vaccinia virus proteins that are involved in blo ... | 2016 | 27497620 |
| genetic characterization of circulating african swine fever viruses in nigeria (2007-2015). | sequencing and analysis of three discrete genome regions of african swine fever viruses (asfv) from archival samples collected in 2007-2011 and active and passive surveillance between 2012 and 2015 in nigeria were carried out. analysis was conducted by genotyping of three single-copy african swine fever (asf) genes. the e183l and b646l genes that encode structural proteins p54 and p72, respectively, were utilized to delineate genotypes before intragenotypic resolution by characterization of the ... | 2016 | 27480888 |
| development of a duplex lateral flow assay for simultaneous detection of antibodies against african and classical swine fever viruses. | classical swine fever (csf) and african swine fever (asf) are both highly contagious diseases of domestic pigs and wild boar and are clinically indistinguishable. for both diseases, antibody detection is an integral and crucial part of prevention and control measures. the purpose of our study was to develop and initially validate a duplex pen-side test for simultaneous detection and differentiation of specific antibodies against csf virus (csfv) and asf virus (asfv). the test was based on the ma ... | 2016 | 27400954 |
| a mathematical model that simulates control options for african swine fever virus (asfv). | a stochastic model designed to simulate transmission dynamics of african swine fever virus (asfv) in a free-ranging pig population under various intervention scenarios is presented. the model was used to assess the relative impact of the timing of the implementation of different control strategies on disease-related mortality. the implementation of biosecurity measures was simulated through incorporation of a decay function on the transmission rate. the model predicts that biosecurity measures i ... | 2016 | 27391689 |
| a rapid strategy for the isolation of new faustoviruses from environmental samples using vermamoeba vermiformis. | the isolation of giant viruses is of great interest in this new era of virology, especially since these giant viruses are related to protists. giant viruses may be potentially pathogenic for many species of protists. they belong to the recently described order of megavirales. the new lineage faustovirus that has been isolated from sewage samples is distantly related to the mammalian pathogen african swine fever virus. this virus is also specific to its amoebal host, vermamoeba vermiformis, a pro ... | 2016 | 27341059 |
| a synthetic molecular system capable of mirror-image genetic replication and transcription. | the overwhelmingly homochiral nature of life has left a puzzle as to whether mirror-image biological systems based on a chirally inverted version of molecular machinery could also have existed. here we report that two key steps in the central dogma of molecular biology, the template-directed polymerization of dna and transcription into rna, can be catalysed by a chemically synthesized d-amino acid polymerase on an l-dna template. we also show that two chirally mirrored versions of the 174-residu ... | 2016 | 27325097 |
| pre-clinical evaluation of a real-time pcr assay on a portable instrument as a possible field diagnostic tool: experiences from the testing of clinical samples for african and classical swine fever viruses. | african swine fever (asf) and classical swine fever (csf) are two highly infectious transboundary animal diseases (tads) that are serious threats to the pig industry worldwide, including in china, the world's largest pork producer. in this study, a duplex real-time pcr assay was developed for the rapid detection and differentiation of african swine fever virus (asfv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). the assay was performed on a portable, battery-powered pcr thermocycler with a low sample ... | 2016 | 27311689 |
| diagnosis and genotyping of african swine fever viruses from 2015 outbreaks in zambia. | in early 2015, a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs resembling african swine fever (asf) occurred in north western, copperbelt, and lusaka provinces of zambia. molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction targeting specific amplification of p72 (b646l) gene of asf virus (asfv) was conducted. fourteen out of 16 domestic pigs from the affected provinces were found to be positive for asfv. phylogenetic analyses based on part of the p72 and the complete p54 (e183l) genes revealed ... | 2016 | 27247062 |
| identification of a new genotype of african swine fever virus in domestic pigs from ethiopia. | african swine fever (asf) is an important emerging transboundary animal disease (tad), which currently has an impact on many countries in africa, eastern europe, the caucasus and the russian federation. the current situation in europe shows the ability of the virus to rapidly spread, which stands to threaten the global swine industry. at present, there is no viable vaccine to minimize spread of the disease and stamping out is the main source of control. in february 2011, ethiopia had reported it ... | 2016 | 27211823 |
| african swine fever virus georgia isolate harboring deletions of 9gl and mgf360/505 genes is highly attenuated in swine but does not confer protection against parental virus challenge. | african swine fever virus (asfv) produces a contagious disease of domestic pigs that results in severe economic consequences to the swine industry. control of the disease has been hampered by the unavailability of vaccines. we recently reported the development of two experimental vaccine strains (asfv-g-δ9gl and asfv-g-δmgf) based on the attenuation of the highly virulent and epidemiologically relevant georgia2007 isolate. deletion of the 9gl gene or six genes of the mgf360/505 group produced tw ... | 2016 | 27182007 |