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growth/survival of psychrotrophic pathogens on meat packaged under modified atmospheres. 19958750668
successful treatment of aeromonas hydrophila peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis using intermittent intraperitoneal gentamicin. 19958719554
alternative enrichment techniques for yersinia enterocolitica. 19958833820
[water disinfection: comparative activities of ozone and chlorine on a wide spectrum of bacteria].ozone and chlorine are agents that disinfect by destroying, neutralizing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. the treatment of drinking water with ozone has shown to be more efficient against spores of bacillus subtilis. it was observed that the ozone already in dose of 0.35 mg/l produced the reduction of at least 5 log in populations of approximately 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhi, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aero ...19958850129
isolation and identification of bacteria from petroleum derivatives contaminated soil.one of the aspects of bioremediation of petroleum derivatives contaminated soil using autochtonic microorganisms is isolation and identification of bacterial strains from polluted soil in order to choose the most active ones and to eliminate pathogens. in this research work some strains mainly from genus pseudomonas, acinetobacter, micrococcus, chryseomonas, agrobacterium and aeromonas were isolated from samples of soil contaminated with various petroleum derivatives. the population of bacteria ...19958934669
comparison of bgb-mug and lstb-mug in microbiological surveillance of recreational waters.recreational water surveillance is an important tool to prevent health hazards for the population. therefore distinct guide and imperative values for fecal indicators are listed in the ec directive about water quality control. the detection methods, however, give laboratories some room to choose their own method, which has led to difficulties in the comparability of results. in 1989 an ad-hoc working group of the coastal countries of germany established detection methods, which by now are obliga ...19959353533
[bacteria of the genus aeromonas as the causative agents of saprophytic infection].the bacteriological study of feces from 458 patients with acute enteric diseases revealed that in 3.2% of cases (in summer in 8.1% of cases) the disease was caused by aeromonas. in aeromonas strains isolated from river water in the volga delta, from fish and from raw meat the same pathogenicity factors occurred as in strains isolated from patients (hemolysin, dna-ase, protease, lecithinase, amylase, adhesins, capacity of binding congo red).19959381884
degradation of propanil by bacterial isolates and mixed populations from a pristine lake.the microbial transformation rates of propanil, a commonly used herbicide, were investigated using water from a pristine lake in northeast georgia. microbial degradation rates were measured using natural water microflora, the natural water microflora amended with five bacterial species (aerobacter aerogenes, aeromonas hydrophila, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, proteus mirabilis, and aeromonas salmonicida) isolated from the same lake, and the five isolates individually. transformation rate constant ...19957874462
variability of peptidoglycan structural parameters in gram-negative bacteria.muropeptide composition of peptidoglycan from the gram-negative bacteria aeromonas sp., acinetobacter acetoaceticus, agrobacterium tumefaciens, enterobacter cloacae, proteus morganii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, vibrio parahaemolyticus yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, was analyzed by hplc. in all instances peptidoglycan was built up from the same subunits. a wide disparity in the relative abundance of muropeptides and all structural parameters was observed. the contr ...19957867925
the periplasmic endonuclease i of escherichia coli has amino-acid sequence homology to the extracellular dnases of vibrio cholerae and aeromonas hydrophila.the gene enda, encoding the periplasmic endonuclease i (endoi) of escherichia coli, was identified on a cloned chromosomal 1.5-kb hindiii fragment. the nucleotide sequence of the fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) coding for a polypeptide of 235 amino acids (aa). the orf preceeded by a region with two possible promoter sites displays promoter activity when cloned into an expression vector. on the c-terminal side, two sequences with putative transcription termination function are prese ...19957867949
cloning, sequence and regulation of expression of the lexa gene of aeromonas hydrophila.the lexa gene of aeromonas hydrophila (ah) has been isolated by using a specific one-step cloning system. the ah lexa repressor is able to block escherichia coli (ec) sos gene expression and is likely to be cleaved by the activated reca protein of this bacterial species after dna damage. ah lexa would encode a protein of 207 amino acids (aa), which is 75% identical to the lexa repressor of ec. two ec-like sos boxes have been located upstream from ah lexa, the distance between them being 4 bp, wh ...19957867953
tyrosine phosphorylation of the tetragonal paracrystalline array of aeromonas hydrophila: molecular cloning and high-level expression of the s-layer protein gene.high virulence strains of the fish pathogenic bacterium aeromonas hydrophila produce a tetragonally arranged paracrystalline surface protein array (s-layer). the gene (ahsa) encoding the s-protein subunit of a. hydrophila tf7 was cloned into lambda embl 3, and sub-cloned into puc 18. transformation into escherichia coli led to stable high-level expression of full-size s-protein under the control of its native promoter. the dna sequence revealed a 1406 base-pair open reading frame encoding a prot ...19957844827
physical and functional s-layer reconstitution in aeromonas salmonicida.the various functions attributed to the s-layer of aeromonas salmonicida have been previously identified by their conspicuous absence in s-layer-defective mutants. as a different approach to establish the multifunctional nature of this s-layer, we established methods for reconstitution of the s-layer of a. salmonicida. then we investigated the functional competence of the reconstituted s-layer. s-layers were reconstituted in different systems: on inert membranes or immobilized lipopolysaccharide ...19957751277
molecular characterization of an aeromonas salmonicida mutant with altered surface morphology and increased systemic virulence.the asoa gene of aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 7 kb downstream of the a-layer structural gene, vapa. a 6 kb bamhi fragment containing asoa was cloned and marker-exchange mutagenesis using a kanamycin-resistance cassette was performed to generate an asoa mutation in the low-virulence strain a449l. when analysed by electron microscopy, the mutant a449l-mb exhibited an altered surface morphology. strands and blebs of membranous material were observed protruding from the disorganize ...19957752897
a pleiotropic secretion mutant of aeromonas hydrophila is unable to secrete heterologously expressed e. coli enterotoxin: implication for common mechanisms of protein secretion. 19957758745
a clinical isolate of aeromonas sobria with three chromosomally mediated inducible beta-lactamases: a cephalosporinase, a penicillinase and a third enzyme, displaying carbapenemase activity.hydrolytic profiles of aeromonas sobria 163a, non-induced and induced, and of a derepressed mutant 163a-m, indicate that this strain has inducible beta-lactamases with activities against cephalosporins, penicillins and carbapenems. three enzymes were identified and two of the beta-lactamase genes, amps, encoding a penicillinase and ceps, encoding a cephalosporinase, were cloned into escherichia coli, permitting analysis of the individual enzymes. isoelectric focusing (ief) analysis using inhibit ...19957759391
the primary structure of clostridium septicum alpha-toxin exhibits similarity with that of aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin.the gene for clostridium septicum alpha-toxin was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli from c. septicum bx96. the toxin was determined to be 443 amino acids in length, with a 31-residue signal peptide that was removed from the toxin during secretion. no extended hydrophobic regions were observed in the mature toxin sequence. expression of alpha-toxin in e. coli bl21 resulted in the production of atpro, which was identical to native toxin from c. septicum with respect to activity and activati ...19957806374
a lipase of aeromonas hydrophila showing nonhemolytic phospholipase c activity.extracellular lipase activity detected on tributyrin agar has been identified in a cosmid clone, jm3084, constructed from the chromosome of aeromonas hydrophila and vector phc79. this lipase, named apl-1, also exhibits nonhemolytic phospholipase c activity on lecithin and p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine. subcloning of the cosmid jmp3084 with partial sau3a1 digestion localized the lipase gene to a 3.4-kb dna fragment. southern blot analysis shows the gene apl-1 to exist in single copy on the a. hy ...19957767226
[fulminant myonecrosis and sepsis caused by aeromonas hydrophila].a case of fatal bilateral lower extremity myonecrosis in a nonimmunocompromized man with septicaemia caused by aeromonas hydrophila is described. immediate surgical revision combined with treatment with new cephalosporins should be considered in the treatment of severe soft tissue infections, especially when the patient is known to have a trauma with waterborne contamination or is immunocompromised.19957770986
endogenous mutagenesis by an insertion sequence element identifies aeromonas salmonicida abca as an atp-binding cassette transport protein required for biogenesis of smooth lipopolysaccharide.analysis of an aeromonas salmonicida a layer-deficient/o polysaccharide-deficient mutant carrying a tn5 insertion in the structural gene for a protein (vapa) showed that the abca gene immediately downstream of vapa had been interrupted by the endogenous insertion sequence element isas1. immunoelectron microscopy showed that o polysaccharides did not accumulate at the inner membrane-cytoplasm interface of this mutant. abca encodes an unusual protein; it carries both an amino-terminal atp-binding ...19957777581
[the cellular fatty acid composition of bacteria in the family vibrionaceae].vibrio cholerae strains, serovar o1, biovar eltor, subtype ogawa, isolated from different sources, v. cholerae classica and nag vibrios have identical cell fatty acid composition with the prevalence of hexadecenoic, hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids. v. parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus fatty acid profiles, being identical, are similar to v. cholerae profile, differing from it mainly by a higher content of dodecanoic acid. the similarity of the fatty acid profiles of aeromonas sp. and vibr ...19957778361
fatty acid profiles of "pasteurella" piscicida: comparison with other fish pathogenic gram-negative bacteria.the fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of "pasteurella" piscicida were determined by gas chromatography and subjected to numerical analysis in comparison with those obtained for vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida and pasteurella species of clinical origin. the bacterial species studied shared important characteristics with respect to their fame content: in all of them the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of 16 carbon atoms were the predominant fatty acids. however, distinguishin ...19957778977
the fate of potentially pathogenic bacteria in swiss hard and semihard cheeses made from raw milk.this study examined the ability of potentially pathogenic bacteria to grow and to survive during the manufacture and ripening of swiss hard and semihard cheese varieties made from raw milk. the results show that hard cheeses are hygienically safe; 1 wk after fabrication, the inoculated pathogens (aeromonas hydrophila. campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica) could no longer be dete ...19957782504
purification and characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase from serratia marcescens.carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from serratia marcescens fhsm4055 was purified 926-fold by means of carboxylmethyl sephadex c-50, sephacryl s-200, and mono s column chromatography. the molecular weight was 30,000 by sds-page and the isoelectric point was 8.7. the enzyme activity was inhibited by edta, and restored by adding zinc (ii) or manganese (ii). it was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and iodine as well as the heavy metals, hg (ii), fe (ii), fe (iii), and cu (ii). these results ...19957783675
cloning and study of the genetic organization of the exe gene cluster of aeromonas salmonicida.the aeromonas salmonicida (as) exe gene cluster, an additional member of the pul-related operon family required for general signal-sequence-dependent secretion of proteins from gram- bacteria, was cloned in the broad-host-range cosmid plafr3. twelve genes, exec-n, were identified by partial nucleotide (nt) sequence analyses (exee-n) or determination of the complete sequence (exec and exed). the organisation of the exec-n genes is similar to that of several other operons of this family. these gen ...19957789814
hypercalcemia associated with aeromonas hydrophila gastro-enteritis.we describe a 4 year old girl with acute aeromonas hydrophila gastro-enteritis who presented with a combination of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal impairment. serum parathyroid hormone was not elevated. both milk-alkali syndrome and intoxication of vitamins a and d were ruled out. the hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal impairment were improved by fluid infusion and intravenous administration of furosemide. gastro-enteritis also improved with oral administration of the an ...19957793254
effect of oxytetracycline-medicated feed on antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria in catfish ponds.the effect of oxytetracycline-medicated feeds on antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria from fish intestines and water in catfish ponds was investigated. in experiments in the fall and spring, using ponds with no previous history of antibiotic usage, percentages of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in catfish intestines obtained from medicated ponds increased significantly after 10 days of treatment. in the fall, resistance of the intestinal and aquatic bacteria returned to pretreatment l ...19957793953
cell-surface properties of the food- and water-borne pathogen aeromonas hydrophila when stored in buffered saline solutions.aeromonas hydrophila, a ubiquitous inhabitant of aquatic environments, commonly expresses several cell-surface properties that may contribute to virulence. since many aquatic microorganisms in hostile environments can withstand starvation conditions for long periods, we examined the effect of storage under nutrient-poor conditions on the expression of cell-surface properties of this pathogen. phenotypes studied were: (1) cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, and (2) the ability to bind connect ...19957794103
vaccination in european salmonid aquaculture: a review of practices and prospects.disease control by vaccination is widely used in european salmonid aquaculture against vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum), cold-water vibriosis (vibrio salmonicida), yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease (yersinia ruckeri) and furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida). the vaccines against the vibrio spp. and y. ruckeri have proven effective especially when administered by injection. furunculosis vaccines have been less successful and have relied on combination with potent adjuvants ...19957735870
the plasmid profiles of fish pathogenic isolates of aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum, and vibrio ordalii from the atlantic and pacific coasts of canada.the plasmid profiles of oxytetracycline- and streptomycin-resistant isolates of aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum, and vibrio ordalii were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. bacterial isolates were from disease outbreaks in fish on the atlantic and pacific coasts. resistant isolates were examined when grown in the presence and absence of antibiotic. alkaline lysis methods were used for plasmid isolation. vibrio spp. were predominantly plasmidless, except for a 47-kilobase (kb) plas ...19957736353
interaction between the autokinase epse and epsl in the cytoplasmic membrane is required for extracellular secretion in vibrio cholerae.vibrio cholerae secretes a number of proteins important for virulence, including cholera toxin. this process requires the products of the eps genes which have homologues in genera such as aeromonas, klebsiella and pseudomonas and are thought to form a membrane-associated multiprotein complex. here we show that the putative nucleotide-binding protein epse is associated with and stabilized by the cytoplasmic membrane via interaction with epsl. analysis of fusion proteins between epse and the homol ...19957737119
association of aeromonas spp. with travellers' diarrhoea in finland.the association of aeromonas spp. with travellers' diarrhoea was studied among 978 finnish tourists travelling to morocco in winter (n = 398) and autumn (n = 580) in 1989. fifty-five isolates from diarrhoeal patients with (n = 16) or without (n = 39) a recent travelling history in a developing country were also included. in morocco, aeromonas spp. were isolated from 8.7% of patients with diarrhoea and from 1.4% of non-diarrhoeal tourists (p < 0.001). aeromonas spp. were found as the sole pathoge ...19957739020
temperature-dependent protein and lipopolysaccharide expression in clinical aeromonas isolates.clinical isolates of aeromonas were grown at eight different temperatures from 10 degrees c to 40 degrees c. whole cell lysates were examined by sds-page and major temperature-dependent changes to both protein and lipopolysaccharide (lps) profiles were identified. cells grown at the higher temperatures (37 degrees c and 40 degrees c) produced abundantly a protein of c. 60 kda which was not detected at the lower temperatures. temperature-dependent expressions of other proteins were also noted but ...19957739022
molecular analysis of an a-protein secretion mutant of aeromonas salmonicida reveals a surface layer-specific protein secretion pathway.the aeromonas salmonicida tn5 mutant, a449-tm1, is unable to secrete the surface layer protein (a-protein) through the outer membrane. immunogold labeling of thin sections of a449-tm1, with polyclonal antisera against the a-protein, showed the accumulation of large quantities of a-protein in an enlarged periplasm. the majority of the labeled a-protein could be seen at the poles of the cells. the ability of a449-tm1 to secrete other extracellular proteins such as hemolysin and protease was not im ...19957739043
cellulitis owing to aeromonas hydrophilia: treatment with hyperbaric oxygen.aeromonas hydrophilia, a gram-negative facultative anaerobe, is a rare cause of cellulitis. we review the literature and report a case of aeromonas hydrophilia cellulitis which failed to respond to the conventional management of surgical debridement and antibiotics. hyperbaric oxygen therapy was used successfully to control the infection. as far as we are aware this is the first case in world literature of aeromonas hydrophilia cellulitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen.19957741686
the presence of capsular polysaccharide in mesophilic aeromonas hydrophila serotypes o:11 and o:34.mesophilic aeromonas hydrophila from serotypes o:11 and o:34 grown in a glucose-rich medium produce a capsule that can be seen under light and electron microscopy. the purified capsular polysaccharide has a composition qualitatively similar for strains o:11 and o:34, but quantitatively different. the capsular polysaccharides were immunogenic in rabbits, and did not cross-react with specific antibodies against either purified lipopolysaccharide from strains o:34 or o:11 or against the s-layer cha ...19957744240
diversity of aeromonas sp. in flemish drinking water production plants as determined by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acid methyl esters (fames).gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acid methyl esters (fames) was used to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity among 489 presumptive aeromonas strains isolated from five flemish drinking water production plants. fame profiles were compared with the predetermined library profiles of a representative database, aer48c, which contains the mean fame data of all 14 currently established hybridization groups (hgs) or genospecies within aeromonas. using aer48c, more than 93% (457 st ...19957744729
pcbs increase molecular-related activities (lysozyme, antibacterial, hemolysis, proteases) but inhibit macrophage-related functions (phagocytosis, wound healing) in earthworms.both humoral and cellular immunodefense responses of the earthworms, eisenia fetida andrei, eisenia hortensis, and lumbricus terrestris, have been compared after exposure to the pcb aroclor 1254. responses mediated by free factors, detected by in vitro assays for lysozyme, hemolysis, and proteases, were increased in both eisenia. antibacterial activity directed against pathogenic bacteria was increased in e.f. andrei. the resistance of l. terrestris against non-pathogenic bacteria was decreased, ...19957745278
distribution of cpha or related carbapenemase-encoding genes and production of carbapenemase activity in members of the genus aeromonas.the prevalence of the cpha gene or related carbapenemase-encoding genes was investigated in 114 aeromonas strains belonging to the six species of major clinical interest. a species-related distribution of cpha-related sequences was observed. similar sequences were found in a. hydrophila, a. veronii bv. sobria, a. veronii bv. veronii, and a. jandaei, but not in a. caviae, a. trota, or a. schubertii. however, a single a. caviae strain (of 62 tested) was found carrying cpha-related sequences, sugge ...19957726495
dna relatedness among aeromonas allosaccharophila strains and dna hybridization groups of the genus aeromonas.the genomic relatedness among three aeromonas allosaccharophila strains, including the type strain, and other aeromonas type and reference strains that were assigned to dna hybridization groups was estimated by dna-dna hybridization (competition procedure using a membrane method). all a. allosaccharophila strains were highly related (70 to 100%) to strains 289t (= cect 4199t) and atcc 35942. type strains of other validated aeromonas species, reference strains of dna groups 8 and 11, and the aero ...19957727276
taxonomical and epidemiological investigations of aeromonas sp. 19957706533
comparison of seven selective media for the isolation of mesophilic aeromonas species in fish and meat.seven selective agar media and two enrichment broths were evaluated for their suitability for the isolation of mesophilic aeromonas species from meat, fish, and shellfish samples. in a first trial, aeromonads were inoculated in fish and meat samples and reisolated using all selected media. for qualitative isolation, enrichment in alkaline peptone water (ph 8.7 +/- 0.1) at 28 degrees c and subsequent plating onto sheep blood agar supplemented with 30 mg/l ampicillin (asba 30) and bile salts-irgas ...19957710914
[myonecrosis caused by aeromonas]. 19957711127
ecopathology in aquaculture: risk factors in infectious disease outbreak.this paper describes a study of the risk factors associated with disease outbreaks in fish species of fish farms and rivers of north-east spain. we focused our work on the isolation of fish pathogens (bacteria, virus), the water quality (physicochemical and microbiological quality) and management characteristics. we have observed 2 important viral diseases, infectious pancreatic necrosis and spring viraemia of carp, and 2 important bacterial ones, furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida) and bacteri ...19957711777
salmon farming: occupational health in a new rural industry.the medical hazards of salmon farming can be grouped into those related to marine safety, fish husbandry, fish-farm diving and disease treatments. the hostile water environment requires thermal protection and personal buoyancy aids as workers frequently fall in the water from boats or cages. feedstuffs may generate respirable dust and attract rats, creating a risk of leptospirosis. musculo-skeletal injuries are common from lifting nets. fish-farm diving has particular risks which can be minimize ...19957718825
chronic diarrhea due to a single strain of aeromonas caviae.over a period of 17 months, aeromonas caviae was cultured 15 times as the sole enteropathogen from the feces of a man who had developed chronic diarrhea after traveling to turkey. determination of rrna gene restriction patterns confirmed that the seven isolates of aeromonas caviae studied were identical (hybridization group [hg]4). after therapy with ciprofloxacin for four weeks, the patient was culture negative for the original isolate, and six months later a novel strain of aeromonas media wit ...19957537217
amino-acid residues involved in biological functions of the cytolytic enterotoxin from aeromonas hydrophila.some amino acid (aa) residues within the cytolytic enterotoxin (act) of aeromonas hydrophila essential for biological activity were identified. act is a 52-kda polypeptide, possessing hemolytic, cytotoxic and enterotoxic activities. by deletion analysis, generation of anti-peptide ab, and site-directed mutagenesis we showed that two regions in act (aa 245-274 and 361-405) were very important for biological functions. as shown by competitive inhibition assays, peptide 2 (aa 245-274) blocked cytot ...19957537706
the tetrasaccharide l-alpha-d-heptose1-->2-l-alpha-d-heptose1--> 3-l-alpha-d-heptose1-->(3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid) and phosphate in lipid a define the conserved epitope in haemophilus lipopolysaccharides recognized by a monoclonal antibody.a murine monoclonal antibody, mahi 3 (immunoglobulin g2b), that is broadly reactive with haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides (lpss) but nonreactive with all enterobacterial lpss tested was generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004. mahi 3 bound to all h. influenzae, all other human haemophilus spp., all bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis, and all aeromonas spp. tested but not to any neisseria o ...19957543887
identification and characterization of the insertion element is1070 from leuconostoc lactis nz6009.a novel insertion sequence, designated is1070, was identified on the lactose plasmid of leuconostoc lactis nz6009 by nucleotide sequence analysis. the 1027-bp sequence contains partially matched (24 of 28 bp) inverted repeats and has one long open reading frame. the deduced 305-amino-acid sequence demonstrated homology to transposases of is30 from escherichia coli, is4351 from bacteroides fragilis, is1086 from alcaligenes eutrophus, is1161 from streptococcus salivarius, isas2 from aeromonas salm ...19957698675
differences in production of several extracellular virulence factors in clinical and food aeromonas spp. strains.production of several extracellular virulence factors (lipase, protease and haemolysin) was compared in 15 aeromonas spp. isolated from faeces of patients with aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis and 81 strains isolated from food. strains from food did not show differences in production of these factors when compared with strains isolated from faeces. however, if strains were considered in relation to autoagglutination (aa) character, the aa+ differed from aa- strains in lipase and protease pro ...19957698952
kinetic analysis of extension of substrate specificity with xanthomonas maltophilia, aeromonas hydrophila, and bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamases.twenty beta-lactam molecules, including penicillins, cephalosporins, penems, carbapenems, and monobactams, were investigated as potential substrates for xanthomonas maltophilia ula-511, aeromonas hydrophila ae036, and bacillus cereus 5/b/6 metallo-beta-lactamases. a detailed analysis of the kinetic parameters examined confirmed these enzymes to be broad-spectrum beta-lactamases with different ranges of catalytic efficiency. cefoxitin and moxalactam, substrates for the beta-lactamases from x. mal ...19957695305
possible virulence factors involved in bacteraemia caused by aeromonas hydrophila.eighteen strains of aeromonas hydrophila from patients with bacteraemia were investigated for possible virulence factors. cytotoxin and haemolysin were produced by all strains, whereas cholera toxin-like factor was produced by 33% of strains only. enterotoxin production was not detected. haemagglutination of guinea-pig, fowl and rabbit erythrocytes was demonstrated by 83%, 67% and 61% of strains, respectively. fucose- and mannose-sensitive haemagglutinins were predominant. none of the strains ag ...19957884797
detection of aerolysin gene in aeromonas strains isolated from drinking water, fish and foods by the polymerase chain reaction.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was used to assay the presence of the aerolysin gene in a total of 89 aeromonas hydrophila and a. sobria strains isolated from drinking water, fish and foods. these strains were also characterized for the production of virulence factors such as haemolysin, protease and cytotoxin. the primers used in the pcr targeted a 209-bp fragment of the aer gene coding for the beta-haemolysin and detected template dna only in haemolytic a. hydrophila strains. the c ...19957889729
fatal disease mimicking leptospirosis in a dog, caused by aeromonas hydrophila.a dog was treated for leptospirosis on clinical and epidemiological arguments. the amoxicillin treatment was not successful. pure culture of aeromonas hydrophila was then obtained from liver and kidney, indicating that the septicemia was due to this bacteria commonly found in waters.19957889733
specificity of the protein secretory apparatus: secretion of the heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit pentamers by different species of gram- bacteria.the b-subunit pentamer(s) (etxbp) of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) are secreted from vibrio cholerae via the general secretion pathway (gsp), but remain periplasmic in e. coli. in order to determine if other gram- bacteria were also able to secrete the extbp, the etxb gene, which encodes etxb was introduced into different bacteria. of the bacteria examined, most species of vibrio and aeromonas were able to secrete this protein through the outer membrane; other gram- genera, inclu ...19957828926
identification of the hopg gene, a component of escherichia coli k-12 type ii export system, and its conservation among different pathogenic escherichia coli and shigella isolates.the escherichia coli k-12 gene coding for a component of a type ii export system was identified and characterized. the hopg protein contains a typical prepilin peptidase cleavage site and has a high degree of homology with proteins pulg, outg, and exeg, which are components of type ii secretion systems from klebsiella pneumoniae, erwinia carotovora, and aeromonas hydrophila.19957896718
bacteria in surface infections of neonates.a bacteriological work on surface infections was done among live births (study group i) and neonates admitted in hospital (study group ii). out of 134 cases of conjunctivitis in group i gram-negative bacilli predominated (48.5%) with escherichia coli accounting for 29 (14.9%) cases, klebsiella species 15 (11.2%) cases, citrobacter freundii 3 (2.2%) cases, pseudomons aeruginosa 18 (13.4%) cases and aeromonas hydrophila 3 (2.2%) amongst pure isolates (73.9%). gonococcus was noted in 2 (1.5%) cases ...19958699037
[clinical and laboratory significance of inducible beta-lactamases].many species of bacteria have inducible expression of beta-lactamase and the enzyme production in these bacteria is normally held at a low level by a repressor mechanism, but in the presence of a beta-lactamase inducer this repression is lifted and enzyme production is greatly increased. inducible synthesis of beta-lactamase was first described for the gram-positive organism bacillus licheniformis. after that inducible expression of beta-lactamase was discovered in gram-negative bacteria like en ...19958643019
[various new pathogens in pneumonia].the table summarizes the many newly recognized agents causing lower respiratory tract infections: gram + cocci, streptococcus agalactiae, enterococci; gram-rods, acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, eikenella corrodens; mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to multiple drugs, intracellular organisms and viruses. some details are given in four chapters: pneumococci resistant to penicillin g which must be detected and impose new therapeutic strategies; chlamydia pneumoniae with its difficulties for ...19958525335
metal content and conformation of the metalloprotease from the marine sponge spheciospongia vesparia.we have recently purified a protease from the marine sponge spheciospongia vesparia. it consists of a single nonglycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 29 600 and has one free thiol group. metal analysis revealed the presence of zinc at 2.02 +/- 0.05 g-atoms per mole of protein, as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. the circular dichroism spectrum in the far uv region (183-259 nm) indicates that the sponge protease contains appreciable amounts of beta sheet. this enzym ...19958528145
sequence analysis of two chromosomally mediated inducible beta-lactamases from aeromonas sobria, strain 163a, one a class d penicillinase, the other an ampc cephalosporinase.two beta-lactamase genes from aeromonas sobria, strain 163a, have been cloned and sequenced, one encoding a typical class c cephalosporinase, designated ceps, the other a class d penicillinase, designated amps. ceps is predicted to be a mature protein of 38 kda with a pi value of 7.0. the amino acid sequence of ceps is most similar to that of ampc from pseudomonas aeruginosa (54.7%). amps is predicted to be a mature protein of 27 kda with a pi value of 7.9 that mostly closely resembles blad from ...19958537283
role of aeromonas isolated from feces of finnish patients.aeromonas species were isolated from 249/13,027 (1.9%) stool samples submitted to the dept. of bacteriology and immunology, university of helsinki, during 1 year, to be cultured for bacterial enteropathogens. aeromonas was the third most common enteropathogen isolated, after campylobacter (3.6%) and salmonella (3.3%). isolates and clinical information from 234 aeromonas patients were available for further study. a. caviae (41%), a. hydrophila (27%), and a. veronii biovar sobria (22%) were the mo ...19958539542
aeromonas hydrophila lung abscess in a previously healthy man.we present a case of multilocular lung abscess caused by aeromonas hydrophila, found in both sputum and bronchial washing. no aspiration or other significantly contributory medical conditions were found. we believe this to be the first report of lung abscess caused by this organism in a previously healthy individual.19958539557
aeromonas sobria infection with severe muscle degeneration in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.a 56-yr-old male who had been followed for alcoholic liver disease was admitted for abdominal pain and a high fever. gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed bleeding esophageal varices that were treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy. blood culture on admission was positive for aeromonas sobria. then skin bullas and ulcers and severe muscle degeneration developed. the patient died despite extensive treatment with antibiotics. a. sobria infection in patients with liver cirrhosis is rare.19958540527
purification and some properties of six chitinases from aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24.six chitinases were purified from a culture supernatant of aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24 by ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-sephadex a-50, butyl-toyopearl 650m, and chromatofocusing. these enzymes were most active at ph 3.5-4.5 and the optimum temperature were 50 degrees c. the molecular weights of the enzymes were 89,000 to 120,000 from sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. n-terminal amino acid sequences of the enzymes were similar to that of chitinase i.19958541660
development of a specific biotinylated dna probe for the detection of renibacterium salmoninarum.a specific dna probe for the identification of renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (bkd), was developed from one of 3 clones prs47, prs49, and prs26 of 5.1 kb, 5.3 kb, and 11.3 kb, respectively. the biotinylated prs47/bamhi insert probe was tested on 3 dilutions of dna extracted from 3 strains of r. salmoninarum and from 1 strain each of arthrobacter protophormiae, aeromonas salmonicida, corynebacterium aquaticum, carnobacterium piscicola, listonella angui ...19958548693
presence of aeromonas trota in aquatic environment. 19958551948
treatment of aeromonas hydrophila infection in a deep tissue wound.we report the case of a young woman who sustained a knee laceration in an automobile accident and was subsequently exposed to water. although properly cleansed and closed, her wound became infected and she was initially treated with a single-dose parenteral cephalosporin. the infection progressed and cultures indicated a polymicrobial infection which included aeromonas hydrophila. significant tissue damage ensued and a lengthy hospitalization was required. aeromonas, although rarely a cause of i ...19958553050
fate of aeromonas and yersinia on modified-atmosphere-packaged (map) cod and trout.the growth/survival of aeromonas spp. and yersinia enterocolitica on cod and trout stored in two modified atmospheres at 0 degrees, 5 degrees and 12 degrees c was compared with that on aerobically stored fish. both organisms grew on aerobically stored fish at all three temperatures. growth on the modified-atmosphere-stored fish was never greater and was generally markedly less than on aerobically stored fish. this reduction in growth was greater in the higher carbon dioxide-containing atmosphere ...19958554761
tolerance to acid in ph 5.0-grown organisms of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria.a wide range of potentially pathogenic species of gram-negative bacteria were far more resistant to extreme acidity (ph 2.0-3.5) when cultured at ph 5.0 (habituated to acid) than after ph 7.0 culture. the differences were particularly great for citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., klebsiella spp. and for vibrio parahaemolyticus; substantial habituation was also observed for proteus mirabilis and aeromonas formicans but the effect was less marked for serratia marcescens and acinetobacter calcoace ...19958554762
[soft-tissue infection caused by aeromonas hydrophila].two cases of soft tissue infection by aeromonas hydrophila are presented with review of the literature.19958555306
adhesion of aeromonas sp. to cell lines used as models for intestinal adhesion.adhesion to hep-2 cells has been shown to correlate with enteropathogenicity for aeromonas species. such adhesion is thought to reflect the ability of strains to adhere to human intestinal enterocytes, although hep-2 cells are not of intestinal origin. in this study strains of aeromonas veronii biotype sobria isolated from various sources were investigated in parallel assays for their ability to adhere to hep-2 cells and to an intestinal cell line (caco-2). quantitative assays showed identical a ...19958557078
purification and characterization of a cho cell-elongating toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila.a chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell-elongating toxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila was purified from cell-free supernatant fluids by ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography. the purified toxin had an isolelectric point (pl) of 3.7 and a molecular weight of 70,000 in a single band on isoelectric focusing (ief) gels and sds-page gels, respectively. the n-terminal sequence, amino acids 1-20, and the amino acid content were determined from western blots of the 70 kda ...19958559035
binding specificity for four monoclonal antibodies recognizing terminal gal alpha 1-->4gal residues in haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide.four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with the outer-core region of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from haemophilus influenzae were generated after immunization with azide-killed h. influenzae rm.7004 ah1-2 and their epitope specificities studied. the monoclonal antibodies: mahi 6 (igm), mahi 5 (igg2a), mahi 8 (igg3), and mahi 11 (igg2b) bound to synthetic glycoconjugates or glycolipids with terminal galabiosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1-) or globotriaosyl (gal alpha 1-->4gal beta 1 1- ...19958559043
structural organization of a bacillus subtilis operon encoding menaquinone biosynthetic enzymes.menaquinone (mk) is a non-protein component of the bacillus subtilis (bs) electron transport chain synthesized from chorismate through a series of mk-specific reactions. the genes encoding biosynthesis of the naphthoquinone ring of mk are clustered at 273 degrees on the bs chromosome. a 3.9-kb region capable of rescuing men mutants blocked in the early stages of mk biosynthesis was sequenced and found to contain three major open reading frames (orfs). the first orf (menf) has a predicted size of ...19958566759
relationship between enterotoxicity and multiple drug resistance in aeromonas spp.one hundred forty-seven isolates of aeromonas spp., including 54 from diarrhoeal patients and 93 from the environmental sources, were examined for drug sensitivity and enterotoxin production. one hundred and fifteen (78%) isolates that included all a. hydrophila, 60% of a. sobria and 89% of a. caviae showed resistance to one or more antibiotic(s). most (65%) of the resistant isolates caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops, of these 57% were a. hydrophila, 69% of a. sobria and 65% a. cav ...19958568193
abundance of aeromonas spp. in river and lake waters in and around dhaka, bangladesh.aeromonas spp. are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. in bangladesh, seasonal distribution of these organisms in aquatic environment was studied during july 1986-august 1987. water, sediment, plant, and plankton samples were collected monthly from the dhanmondi lake and the buriganga river during the study period. aeromonas spp. were isolated from all samples throughout the year. the seasonal peak of aeromonas spp. was observed in warmer months (april-may) in the surface waters. in t ...19958568196
studies on bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus isolates from selected nigerian fermented foods.ten bacteriocin-producing (bacteriocinogenic) lactobacillus isolates obtained from three nigerian fermented foods namely: kenkey, ogi and wara were tested against the following indicator organisms: lactobacillus plantarum and food borne pathogens comprising enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, serratia, pseudomonas, vibrio cholerae, aeromonas sobria, aeromonas cavice, salmonella typhimurium, plesiomonas shigelloides and staphylococcus aureus. all the bacteriocin ...19958568643
class d and e tetracycline resistance determinants in gram-negative bacteria from catfish ponds.dna probes were used to examine tetracycline-resistant gram-negative bacteria (281 strains representing eight species) from catfish ponds. the isolates, which did not previously hybridize with the tet a, b and c determinants, were examined for the presence of tetracycline-resistance tet d and tet e determinants. the distribution of the tet d determinant ranged from 0 to 83%, depending on the bacterial species. tet e was found only in 69% of aeromonas hydrophila isolates. eighteen per cent failed ...19958569770
improved glutaminate-starch-penicillin agar for the isolation and enumeration of aeromonas hydrophila from seawater by membrane filtration.glutaminate-starch-penicillin agar (gsp) in its original formula was found unsatisfactory for the detection and the enumeration of aeromonas hydrophila from seawater by membrane filtration. it was also the case when gsp agar was adjusted to ph 8 or when ampicillin (10 mg/l) was incorporated to the original formula. the elevation of ph to 8 together with the addition of 10 mg/l ampicillin gave to the medium a high selectivity and permitted the detection of a. hydrophila from seawater. the numbers ...19958570268
isolation, and virulence profiles, of aeromonas hydrophila implicated in an outbreak of food poisoning in sweden.a case of food poisoning outbreak involving aeromonas hydrophila is reported in this study. a group of 27 people consumed a typical swedish food "landgång" which is a type of smörgåsbord containing shrimps with mayonnaise, liver paté, ham, sausage, and legume salad which was purchased from a food store. twenty-two of the 27 persons became ill within 20-34 hr of consumption of the food and reported the symptoms ranging from severe acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever and vomiting. one ...19958577278
an alternative bacteriological medium for the isolation of aeromonas spp.two solid bacteriologic media were compared for cultivating aeromonas spp. from piscine sources: the rimler-shotts (rs) medium and a starch-glutamate-ampicillin-penicillin-based medium (sgap-10c) used for the recovery of aeromonas spp. from water samples. the selective and differential capacities of the media were assessed march through october 1992 by recovery rate and phenotype of 99 isolates representing 15 genera of bacteria. recovery frequency of aeromonas spp. (n = 62) was similar at 97% o ...19958583652
cloning and sequence analysis of vibrio parahaemolyticus ompk gene encoding a 26-kda outer membrane protein, ompk, that serves as receptor for a broad-host-range vibriophage, kvp40.the ompk gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus 1010 (rimd 2210001) encoding an outer membrane protein (omp), ompk, which serves as the receptor for a broad-host-range vibriophage, kvp40, was cloned and sequenced. the gene consisted of 789 nucleotides encoding 263 amino acids. since the first 20 amino acids most likely constitute the signal peptide, mature ompk would consist of 243 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 27458 da. sequence comparisons indicate that ompk is unique among vibrio o ...19958586275
characterization of aeromonas trota strains that cross-react with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal.it has previously been shown that vibrio cholerae o139 bengal shares antigens with v. cholerae serogroups o22 and o155. we detected six surface water isolates of aeromonas trota that agglutinated in polyclonal antisera to v. cholerae o139 and v. cholerae o22 but not in antiserum to v. cholerae o155. on the basis of agglutinin-absorption studies, the antigenic relationship between the cross-reacting bacteria were found to be in an a,b-a,c fashion, where a is the common antigenic epitope and b and ...19958586685
study of the humoral response of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), naturally infected with aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes.the humoral antibody response of healthy atlantic salmon and of two groups of salmon, naturally infected with aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes, was examined in some detail. one diseased group was chronically infected and the other recently infected. it was found that the humoral response of these two infected groups was quite different. the chronically infected fish showed poor specific response to the causative agent whereas the recently infected salmon produced strong specific antibody ...19958588335
chronic diarrhea among adults in kigali, rwanda: association with bacterial enteropathogens, rectocolonic inflammation, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.one hundred patients with chronic diarrhea were seen in the department of internal medicine at the centre hospitalier de kigali, rwanda; stool and/or rectal swab culture was performed for these patients, and they underwent rectoscopy and serological testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 39 (39%) of the patients: shigella species (22 of 100 patients tested), non-typhi salmonella (11/100), aeromonas species (5/60), and campylobacter s ...19958589155
attachment of non-culturable toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1 and aeromonas spp. to the aquatic arthropod gerris spinolae and plants in the river ganga, varanasi.non-cultivable, pathogenic o1 and non-o1 vibrio cholerae and aeromonas spp. were resuscitated from aquatic arthropods and plant homogenate respectively, by rabbit ileal loop (ril) assay. these organisms adhered to the aquatic arthropod gerris spinolae and various species of phytoplankton in the river ganga, but failed to grow after direct inoculation on artificial media except for only 10 homogenates of the arthropod. the number of non-o1 v. cholerae and aeromonas recovered on direct inoculation ...19958589660
capsulated cells of aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro have different functional properties than capsulated cells grown in vivo.when grown in vivo in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout, aeromonas salmonicida produces a clearly defined capsule with virulence-related functions. aeromonas salmonicida grown in vitro in a glucose-rich medium (grm) has also been reported to reproduce capsular material. because in vitro mimicry of in vivo induced traits is highly desirable in vaccine design, the extent to which growth in grm mimicked in vivo growth was examined. antibodies specific to in vivo grown cells partially labeled t ...19958590408
aeromonas encheleia sp. nov., isolated from european eels.four strains isolated from european eels in valencia, spain, were found to constitute a dna relatedness group which is 0 to 50% related to the 13 species and dna group 11 of the genus aeromonas. phenotypically, these strains have all of the properties that define the genus aeromonas. however, they differ from the previously described aeromonas species by three or more properties. the strains are positive for motility, growth at 37 degrees c, indole production, and arginine dihydrolase activity. ...19958590673
aeromonas hydrophila--its implications in freshwater injuries.lacerations or puncture wounds sustained in freshwater environments are susceptible to contamination by aeromonas hydrophila. numerous cases have been reported of cellulitis secondary to water-related injuries requiring hospitalization where a. hydrophila was the isolated organism. the typical presentation of an infection of a. hydrophila mimics a streptococcal soft tissue infection, which may result in delay in administration of appropriate antibiotics. a case is presented of a nonimmunocomprom ...19958590878
vibrio spp. secrete proaerolysin as a folded dimer without the need for disulphide bond formation.proaerolysin is an extracellular dimeric protein that is secreted across the inner and outer membranes of aeromonas spp. in separate steps. to investigate the role of protein folding in the second step, one or more cysteine residues were introduced and the mutant proaerolysins were expressed in aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas salmonicida, as well as vibrio cholerae. replacing met-41 with cys resulted in expression of a protein that could form a dimer in which the monomers were linked together ...19958594324
[drinking water: use, consume and biological hazard].the authors drew the attention to the rising danger of water crisis also in countries usually immune from this problem. the most important causes of these crisis are presented along with some of the most important laws concerning civil use of water. the authors underline the biological risk induced by new aetiologycal agents (i.e. aeromonas hydrophyla, criptococcus, escherichia coli (o:127 h7) found in drinking water too. some of the health problems correlated to the civil use of water are also ...199511623483
[new species of aeromonas isolated in cuba].one hundred and fifty-five strains of aeromonas isolated in the stools of children under 5 years presenting with acute diarrheal disease were studied. using the aerokey ii system for the identification of species, 47 strains were identified as aeromonas caviae, 58 as aeromonas hydrophila, 23 as aeromonas veronii biovar sobria, 14 as aeromonas trota, 9 as aeromonas veronii biovar veronii, 2 as aeromonas jandaei and 2 as aeromonas shubertii, emphasis is placed on the advantages of this method whic ...19959813480
[phenotype markers in strains of aeromonas isolated in cuba from children with an acute diarrheic disease].twenty-seven cases of aeromonas isolated from 300 five-years children with acute diarrheal disease (eda) were studied, with the aim for demonstrating the occurrence of some phenotypical markers associated with enteropathogenicity; among them were lysine decarboxylation, acetil methyl carbinol production, enterotoxigenicity, cytotoxicity and hemolysis. the percentage of analysed strains had two or more of the investigated markers, and 13 (48.1%) lysed the rabbit erythrocytes with titres higher th ...19959805080
xylanase iv, an exoxylanase of aeromonas caviae me-1 which produces xylotetraose as the only low-molecular-weight oligosaccharide from xylan.a novel xylanase (xylanase iv) which produces xylotetraose as the only low-molecular-weight oligosaccharide from oat spelt xylan was isolated from the culture medium of aeromonas caviae me-1. by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the xylanase iv molecular weight was 41,000. xylanase iv catalyzed the hydrolysis of oat spelt xylan, producing exclusively xylotetraose. the acid hydrolysate of the product gave d-xylose. the enzyme did not hydrolyze either p-nitrophenyl-(beta)- ...199516535010
survival and activity of lux-marked aeromonas salmonicida in seawater.the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida was chromosomally marked with genes encoding bacterial luciferase, luxab, isolated from vibrio fischeri, resulting in constitutive luciferase production. during exponential growth in liquid batch culture, luminescence was directly proportional to biomass concentration, and luminometry provided a lower detection limit of approximately 10(sup3) cells ml(sup-1), 1 order of magnitude more sensitive than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection. in sterile s ...199516535133
distribution of aeromonas species in the intestinal tracts of river fish.aeromonas isolates were obtained from fish intestines, water, and sediments from an urban river and identified by the dna-dna microplate hybridization method. the isolates were aeromonas veronii (22%), aeromonas caviae (18%), aeromonas hydrophila (13%), aeromonas sobria (8%), aeromonas jandaei (7%), and other aeromonas spp. (33%). aeromonas species occurred at high densities with high incidences, regardless of season. the results strongly suggest that aeromonads are indigenous in fish intestines ...199516535171
comparison of the growth and survival of larval turbot in the absence of culturable bacteria with those in the presence of vibrio anguillarum, vibrio alginolyticus, or a marine aeromonas sp.larval turbot (scophthalmus maximus) were reared on rotifers (brachionus plicatilis) in the absence of culturable bacteria for up to 14 days and exhibited growth and high rates of survival (>55% in five experiments). low numbers of known bacteria were introduced into similar cultures by exposure of the rotifers to a suspension of bacteria prior to addition of rotifers to the larval cultures; vibrio anguillarum 91079 caused a highly significant decrease (p <0.01) in the proportion of survivors in ...199516535196
septicemia due to aeromonas hydrophila in a pregnant woman: a case report and review of the literature.in the late 1960s, the first isolates of aeromonas were recovered from human specimens. presently, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the different isolates of the genus aeromonas are human pathogens. the most frequent site of infection is the digestive tract, although extraintestinal infection also occurs. in those cases involving septicemia, most infections occur in individuals with underlying diseases. this report presents the case of a pregnant woman with no underlying disease or s ...199518476052
bacterial flora of captive houbara (chlamydotis undulata), kori (ardeotis kori) and rufous-crested (eupodotis ruficrista) bustards.a survey was carried out to investigate the aerobic bacterial flora of captive houbara (chlamydotis undulata), kori (ardeotis kori) and rufous-crested (eupodotis ruficrista) bustards maintained at the national avian research center, abu dhabi, united arab emirates. none of the houbara or rufous-crested bustards sampled were bred in captivity by the center but four of the kori bustards sampled were captive-bred. faecal, cloacal, oropharyngeal and skin samples (from under the wing) from clinically ...199618645872
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