Publications

clonal populations of thermotolerant enterobacteriaceae in recreational water and their potential interference with fecal escherichia coli counts.	bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original environmental protection agency method for escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical pfge patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16s rrna gene sequencing, api 20e biochemical testing, and the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were klebsiella, citrobacter, an ...	2001	11571207
[utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients].	the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ...	2001	11594009
critical role for tumor necrosis factor alpha in controlling the number of lumenal pathogenic bacteria and immunopathology in infectious colitis.	infection of mice with the intestinal bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium results in colonic mucosal hyperplasia and a local th1 inflammatory response similar to that seen in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. in these latter models, and in patients with crohn's disease, neutralization of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) is of therapeutic benefit. since there is no information on the role of tnf-alpha in either immunity to noninvasive bacterial pathogens or on the role of tn ...	2001	11598034
[identification of vibrio spp bacteria on skin lesions of fisherman in the county of raposa-ma].	the study was undertaken aiming at identifying bacteria from the county of raposa in the state of maranhão. the clinical sample was collected by using a swab and held in a cary-blair transport medium. enrichment in alkaline peptone water, isolation in tcbs selective indicator medium and biochemical coding of species were used for laboratory processing. fifty fisherman with age varying from 12-65 years took part on the study. vibrio bacteria isolated in 21 subjects had been identified. there was ...	2001	11600905
long-term outcome of neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis treated with imipenem/meropenem and surgical drainage.	neonatal citrobacter koseri (diversus) meningitis is often complicated by the formation of brain abscesses and has a poor neurological outcome with seizures, mental retardation and paresis as sequelae in 50% of the cases. as there is emerging resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin and third-generation cephalosporins, we attempted to treat this infection with carbapenems. carbapenems in combination with cefotaxime and surgical drainage may play an important role in treating c. koseri meningitis.	2001	11688908
clinical and microbiologic findings in dogs with bronchoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse: 37 cases (1990-1995).	to investigate the role of bacteria in bronchoscopically diagnosed tracheal collapse in dogs by evaluating qualitative results of bacteriologic cultures.	2001	11697368
cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, and the inoculum effect in tests with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.	there is little information about the clinical effectiveness of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing pathogens. some inferences have been drawn from laboratory studies, which have usually involved only one or a few strains of esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae or escherichia coli that produced only a limited range of esbls. such studies are indirect, sometimes conflicting, indicators of efficacy. to exte ...	2001	11709338
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of citrobacter amalonaticus methylaspartate ammonia lyase.	methylaspartate ammonia lyase (mal) catalyses the reversible alpha,beta-elimination of ammonia from l-threo-(2s,3s)-3-methylaspartic acid to give mesaconic acid. crystals of citrobacter amalonaticus mal have been obtained by the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. three crystal forms were obtained from identical crystallization conditions, two of which (forms a and b) diffract to high resolution, whilst the third form diffracted poorly. crystals of ...	2001	11717518
structural studies on the o-polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide produced by citrobacter rodentium (atcc 51459).	citrobacter rodentium is the etiologic agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) and is the only citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to human enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. members of this species are considered clonal and represent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice and thus provides a useful animal model for studying the molecular basis of attaching and effacing pathology. the lipopolysaccharid ...	2001	11722558
inhibition of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii by 2-azatyrosine and 3-azatyrosine.	the interactions of 2-azatyrosine and 3-azatyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) from citrobacter freundii have been examined. 2-aza-dl-tyrosine and 3-aza-dl-tyrosine were synthesized by standard methods of amino acid synthesis, while the l-isomers were prepared from 3-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxypyridine, respectively, with tpl (watkins, e. b., and phillips, r. s. (2001) bioorg. med. chem. lett. 11, 2099-2100). 3-azatyrosine was examined as a potential transition state analogue inhibitor o ...	2001	11732906
shv-12, shv-5, shv-2a and veb-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria isolated in a university hospital in thailand.	sixty-one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing isolates were collected from srinagarind hospital, thailand. these included 43 enterobacteriaceae and 18 pseudomonadaceae. the 43 enterobacteriaceae were found to produce the following esbls: 26 (60.5%) shv-12, 13 (30.2%) shv-5, two (4.7%) shv-2a, one (2.3%) veb-1 and one (2.3%) unidentified. twenty-four isolates (55.8%) also carried bla(tem-1b), as well as bla(shv) or bla(veb-1). plasmid dna from transconjugants carrying the bla(shv-12 ...	2001	11733468
influence of sulfobetaines on the stability of the citrobacterdiversus ula-27 beta-lactamase.	the activity and stability of beta-lactamase from citrobacter diversus ula-27 have been investigated in the presence of different ionic and zwitterionic surfactants. all the sulfobetaine surfactants tested allow the enzyme to retain its full activity, but the best stabilizing effect is greatly dependent on their structure. very little variations on the monomer headgroup can significantly reduce enzyme deactivation or speed up the loss of activity with respect to buffer alone. the whole hydrophob ...	2001	11735433
host and geographical factors influence the thermal niche of enteric bacteria isolated from native australian mammals.	the thermal profiles of 118 bacterial strains, representing six species of the family enterobacteriaceae, isolated from a variety of native australian mammals were determined under in vitro conditions. each of the bacterial species had a unique thermal profile and differed in their minimum or maximum temperature for growth and in their response to changing temperatures. the taxonomic classification of the host from which the bacterial strains were isolated explained a significant amount of the v ...	2001	11742550
a cryptic melibiose transporter gene possessing a frameshift from citrobacter freundii.	wild-type citrobacter freundii cannot grow on melibiose as a sole source of carbon. the melibiose transporter gene melb was cloned from a c. freundii mutant m4 that could utilize melibiose as a sole carbon source. although the cloned melb gene is closely similar to the melb genes of other bacteria, it is cryptic because of a frameshift mutation. site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct a functional melb gene by deleting one nucleotide, resulting in the production of an active melibiose tr ...	2001	11275561
acute tonsillitis complicated by retropharyngeal and thyroid abscess infected with de-repressed beta lactamase citrobacter mutans.	an unusual presentation of acute tonsillitis complicated by retropharyngeal and thyroid abscess is reported. spontaneous rupture of retropharyngeal abscess resulted in necrotic fistulae between the pharyngeal wall and the retropharyngeal space.	2001	11276343
identification and characterization of integron-mediated antibiotic resistance among shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates.	a total of 50 isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), including 29 o157:h7 and 21 non-o157 stec strains, were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities and the presence of class 1 integrons. seventy-eight (n = 39) percent of the isolates exhibited resistance to two or more antimicrobial classes. multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was most often observed. class 1 integrons were identified among nine stec isolates, including serotypes o157: ...	2001	11282605
nitrate reduction by citrobacter diversus under aerobic environment.	a new aerobic denitrifier, citrobacter diversus, was isolated from both nitrification and denitrification sludge. to monitor the variation in the concentration of nitrogen oxides, aerobic denitrification by c. diversus was carried out in a batch reactor. when the nitrate concentration was greater than 180 mg n l(-1), the nitrate reduction rate became stable. the effect of the c/n ratio on the denitrification activity was also investigated. the results showed that the optimum denitrification acti ...	2001	11234965
risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients.	to determine risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients.	2001	11246310
[characterization and distribution of citrobacter species in a university hospital].	[corrected] a) to identify citrobacter strains following the conventional biochemical reaction of brenner and col; b) to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the o'hara's method compared with brenner's method, and c) to determine the rate and distribution of the strains in the clinical isolates.	2001	11256240
[pacemaker-cable endocarditis and spondylodiscitis caused by citrobacter koseri. conservative treatment].		2001	11256252
[detection of gram-negative bacteria in patients and hospital environment at a room in geriatric wards under the infection control against mrsa].	we prospectively surveyed gram-negative bacteria in patients and hospital environment in a room in the geriatric ward which was specifically under the infection control against mrsa once every two weeks between september and december 1996. we investigated the inpatients in an 8-bed room in the geriatric wards (190 beds) of aino memorial hospital, affiliated with nagasaki university. during the study period, we performed a total of 431 cultures. the number of specimens cultured was 116 from airwa ...	2001	11260881
occurrence of a new metallo-beta-lactamase imp-4 carried on a conjugative plasmid in citrobacter youngae from the people's republic of china.	during the course of an antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme in guangzhou, the people's republic of china, single strains of citrobacter youngae and pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified which were resistant to imipenem and found to carry the carbapenemase gene bla(imp). pcr screening of the citrobacter strain with specific primers for the bla(imp) type genes gave a 587-bp product which when sequenced gave 100% homology with the bla(imp-4) sequence reported recently from acinetobacte ...	2001	11150665
bacterial invasion and transcytosis in transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	most cases of neonatal bacterial meningitis develop as a result of a hematogenous spread, but it is not clear how circulating bacteria cross the blood-brain barrier. attempts to answer these questions have been hampered by the lack of a reliable model of the human blood-brain barrier. human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmec) were isolated and transfected with a pbr322 based plasmid containing simian virus 40 large t antigen (sv40-lt). the transfected hbmec exhibited similar brain endo ...	2001	11162182
the in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria.	the in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative rods and staphylococcus aureus. sulbactam enhanced the antibacterial activities of cefuroxime, cefotaxime and ceftazidime against gram-negative rods. the mic(90) of ceftazidime against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa ...	2001	11165119
oral colonization of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci in irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals.	this study aimed at investigating the oral colonization of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci in head- and neck-irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals. subjects were recruited from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinic and were segregated into group a: <60 years (n=25, 48+/-6 years, 5+/-5 years post-irradiation) and group b: >or=60 years (n=8, 67+/-4 years, 2+/-2 years post-irradiation) and were compared with age- and sex-matched normal individuals, group c: <60 ye ...	2001	11169132
resistance patterns among nosocomial pathogens: trends over the past few years.	multiple surveillance studies have demonstrated that resistance among prevalent pathogens is increasing at an alarming rate, leading to greater patient morbidity and mortality from nosocomial infections. among gram-positive organisms, the most important resistant pathogens are methicillin- (oxacillin-)resistant staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactam-resistant and multidrug-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. important causes of gram-negative resistance include extended-spect ...	2001	11171776
vertical transmission of citrobacter freundii.		2001	11175951
isolation and identification of bacteria associated with adult laboratory mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae).	from the guts of new and old colonies (female and male) of mexican fruit flies, anastrepha ludens (diptera: tephritidae), we identified a total of 18 different bacterial species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonadaceae, vibrionaceae, micrococcaceae, deinococcacea, bacillaceae, and the genus listeria. enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and staphylococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated genera, with citrobacter, streptococcus, aerococcus, and listeria found less freque ...	2001	11178731
splenic abscess: report of six cases and review of the literature.	splenic abscesses are rare but appear to be increasing in frequency. recent advances in radiologic techniques have affected the diagnosis and management. the purpose of this study was to evaluate these effects. the medical records of one institution were retrospectively reviewed and six cases of splenic abscesses seen between 1989 and 1999 were identified. all patients had predisposing conditions with metastatic hematogenous infection in three and one each with trauma, immunodeficiency, and a co ...	2001	11206904
conserved regulatory elements of the promoter sequence of the gene rpoh of enteric bacteria.	the rpoh regulatory region of different members of the enteric bacteria family was sequenced or downloaded from genbank and compared. in addition, the transcriptional start sites of rpoh of yersinia frederiksenii and proteus mirabilis, two distant members of this family, were determined. sequences similar to the sigma(70) promoters p1, p4 and p5, to the sigma(e) promoter p3 and to boxes dnaa1, dnaa2, camp receptor protein (crp) boxes crp1, crp2 and box cytr present in escherichia coli k12, were ...	2001	11139607
[total and fecal coliforms, some enterobacteria staphylococcus sp. and moulds in salads for hot dogs sold in maracay, venezuela].	fast food sold on the streets are good vehicle to transmit gastrointestinal diseases to consumers because they are highly manipulated. the vegetables are a good media for pathogens growth. raw vegetables salads for hot dog sold in maracay were studied. total and fecal coliforms and staphylococcus sp. were quantified by the most probable number technique, coliforms and staphylococcus isolated were partially identified. also the mould population was quantified and identified. microbial growth was ...	2001	12012562
antimicrobial resistance of bacterial organisms isolated from rats.	to determine if antimicrobial resistance occurs in various bacterial species isolated from rats.	2001	12199446
[cefepime (maxipime), large spectrum 4th generation cephalosporin, resistant to beta-lactamases].	as a result of the appearance of bacterial strains resistant to 3rd generation cephlosporin, since 1993 cephalosporins of 4th generation have been developed and introduced in therapy; among them are: cefepime and cefpirome. cefepime is the most active 4th generation cephalosporin possessing the following advantages over the 3rd generation cephalosporins: high intrinsic potency due to rapid penetration into the periplasmic space; an extended spectrum of activity that includes many gram-positive a ...	2001	12731231
in vitro susceptibility of nosocomial isolates against a new aminoglycoside isepamicin.	isepamicin is a new aminoglycoside with a spectrum of activity similar to amikacin with an advantage of possessing a high level of stability against different aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. the in vitro susceptibility of nosocomial isolates obtained from patients admitted to the all india institute of medical sciences, new delhi during october-december, 1999 was tested against isepamicin and compared with other aminoglycosides.	2001	21910285
biogenic amines produced by enterobacteriaceae isolated from meat products.	biogenic amines in ground meat and processed meat products are one of the indicators to determine the poor quality raw material. major histamine forming bacterium was escherichia coli (strain ec04 with 65.88 mg/100 ml in brain heart infusion medium), followed by the microorganisms morganella morganii (strain mm4 with 8.40 mg/100 ml and strain mm7 with 8.28 mg/100 ml) and proteus mirabilis (strain pm02 with 8.76 mg/100 ml), respectively. the highest putrescine production level was found in citrob ...	2001	22062111
susceptibility of community gram-negative urinary tract isolates to mecillinam and other oral agents.	to determine the susceptibility of community outpatient gram-negative urinary tract isolates to mecillinam and other commonly used oral agents.	2001	18159352
[bacterial causes of meningitis in newborns].	bacterial meningitis jeopardizes the life of affected newborns and in survived children often leaves permanent sequels. the sooner the diagnosis is established and the therapy is started, the more a prosperous outcome can be expected. when the indication is established, lumbar punction should be performed. on the basis of the results of cytological and biochemical analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) that point to bacterial meningitis, the initial therapy should begin even before the result ...	2001	15637989
enterobacter cloacae: a predominant pathogen in neonatal septicaemia.	a total of 120 blood samples from neonates presenting with clinical signs of septicaemia were subjected for culture using brain heart infusion agar biphasic medium (bhi bpm) and glucose broth. bacterial agents were isolated from 48 numbers (40%) of cultures. gram-negative bacilli were isolated in maximum percentage (88.45%) of cases whereas gram-positive bacteria (coagulase negative staphylococci and group b streptococci) in 11.6% of cultures. e. cloacae (39.5%) was maximally isolated among the ...	2002	17657046
citrobacter koseri pneumonia and meningitis in an infant.		2002	12217738
development of an elisa using a recombinant 41 kda partial protein (p45n') for the detection of riemerella anatipestifer infections in ducks.	riemerella anatipestifer, a gram-negative bacillus, is the causative agent of duck septicemia, a disease which could incur much economic loss in the duck industry. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to facilitate early detection of r. anatipestifer infection in ducks. the antigen used was a recombinant 41 kda n-terminal fragment (rp45n') of a newly characterized r. anatipestifer potential surface protein, p45, which was expressed in escherichia coli as an n- ...	2002	12220809
structures and serology of the o-specific polysaccharides of bacteria of the genus citrobacter.	the review presents the structures of the o-specific polysaccharides (o-antigens) of the lipopolysaccharides isolated from over 25 citrobacter strains, which represent different species and serogroups. the correlation between o-antigen structure and immunospecificity as well as numerous cross-reactions between citrobacter and other enterobacterial species are discussed.	2002	12546064
[second multicenter study of the in vitro susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam].	a study was conducted in 1999 on the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam on 1349 strains collected in a spanish multicenter study involving 10 hospitals. a total of 897 gram-negative bacteria of the following genuses were collected: escherichia coli (169), klebsiella spp. (112), pseudomonas spp. (122), enterobacter spp. (92), serratia spp. (44), citrobacter spp. (37), proteus spp. (114), morganella spp. (49), acinetobacter spp. (47), stenotrophomonas spp. (47), haemophilus spp. (45), moraxella s ...	2002	12582446
evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of drugs for urinary tract infections by genotyping based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge).	we attempted to determine whether the same bacterium isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) before and after treatment with antimicrobial agents was of the same strain ("persisted") or of a different strain ("changed"). furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents for uti, we investigated whether bacterial strains could be classified as persisted or changed based on their electrophoretic patterns in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we examined eigh ...	2002	12525898
[antibacterial activities and pk/pd parameters of aminoglycosides against recent clinical isolates of gram-negative rods].	we examined antibacterial activities and pk/pd parameters of six kinds of aminoglycosides against seven bacterial species of clinical isolates in 2001. aminoglycoseides examined were gentamicin (gm), dibekacin (dkb), tobramycin (tob), amikacin (amk), netilmicin (ntl), and isepamicin (isp), and bacterial isolates used were each 50 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. all aminog ...	2002	12532635
a pathway-specific cell based screening system to detect bacterial cell wall inhibitors.	a pathway-specific cell-based screen is described to detect compounds that inhibit the biosynthesis of the cell wall of bacteria. the basis for detection is the discovery that the beta-lactamase gene from citrobacterfreundii, cloned into escherichia coli, is induced when cells are exposed to known cell wall inhibitors, and not just beta-lactam-based antibiotics. in a wild type host, cell wall inhibitors such as moenomycin, vancomycin, and ramoplanin, which are excluded by the outer membrane, onl ...	2002	12014443
identification of compounds that inhibit late steps of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria.	a screening system is described that can detect and confirm inhibitors of the late steps of cell wall biosynthesis. the primary high through-put screen monitors induction of beta-lactamase following exposure to samples, in an escherichia coli enva- strain that carries the beta-lactamase gene from citrobacter freundii on a plasmid. positive samples were detected from compound libraries, from natural products libraries, and from fractions of natural products crude preparations. these samples were ...	2002	12014444
myocarditis in sibling boxer puppies associated with citrobacter koseri infection.	two sibling boxer puppies presented with severe suppurative myocarditis in the absence of additional disseminated suppurative foci. the identification of gram-negative bacteria within areas of myocarditis in both puppies and the pure growth of large numbers of citrobacter koseri from the myocardial lesions in one of the dogs were consistent with a bacterial etiology. the fact that c. koseri is an opportunist pathogen suggested intercurrent immunosuppression. the finding of a concomitant bacteria ...	2002	12014505
cytochrome p450(cin) (cyp176a), isolation, expression, and characterization.	cytochromes p450 are members of a superfamily of hemoproteins involved in the oxidative metabolism of various physiologic and xenobiotic compounds in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. studies on bacterial p450s, particularly those involved in monoterpene oxidation, have provided an integral contribution to our understanding of these proteins, away from the problems encountered with eukaryotic forms. we report here a novel cytochrome p450 (p450(cin), cyp176a1) purified from a strain of citrobacter braa ...	2002	12016226
development of a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting and quantifying cmy-2 and shv beta-lactamases.	polyclonal rabbit antibodies against shv-1 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases were produced and characterized, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed. immunoblots revealed that the anti-shv-1 antibody recognized shv-1 but did not recognize tem-1, k-1, oxa-1, or any ampc beta-lactamase tested. the anti-cmy-2 antibody detected escherichia coli cmy-2, enterobacter cloacae p99, klebsiella pneumoniae act-1, and the ampc beta-lactamases of enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, an ...	2002	12037047
[pathogenicity islands in opportunistic enterobacteria].	the presence of fragments of genomes hlya, hlyb, papah, papc, sfag, sfaa and kps mt, associated with the pathogenicity islands of escherichia coli, in clinical strains of other genera of the family enterobacteriaceae, has been experimentally evaluated with the use of pcr. the presence of dna fragments specific to the known genes of the pathogenicity clusters of e. coli in representatives of the genera citrobacter, enterobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, providencia, serratia and y ...	2002	12506618
resuscitation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli from the viable but nonculturable state by heat-stable enterobacterial autoinducer.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli were stressed by prolonged incubation in water microcosms until it was no longer possible to observe colony formation when samples were plated on nonselective medium. overnight incubation of samples in nutrient-rich broth medium supplemented with growth factors, however, allowed resuscitation of stressed and viable but nonculturable cells so that subsequent plating yielded observable colonies for significantly extende ...	2002	12324321
structure of a new 2-deoxy-2-[(r)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose-containing o-specific polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter gillenii pcm 1542.	the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter gillenii pcm 1542 from serotype o-12a,12 b is composed of one residue each of d-glucose, d-glcnac, 2-deoxy-2-[(r)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose (d-glcnacyl) and two galnac residues. on the basis of sugar and methylation analyses of the intact and smith degraded polysaccharides, along with 1d and 2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, the following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharide was established:this ...	2002	12350323
metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates in a university hospital in taiwan: prevalence of imp-8 in enterobacter cloacae and first identification of vim-2 in citrobacter freundii.	a total of 9082 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae other than klebsiella spp. collected in 1999 and 2000 at a university hospital in taiwan were investigated for the production of metallo- beta-lactamases (mbls). thirty-six (2.9%) of the 1261 enterobacter cloacae isolates and one (0.3%) of the 340 citrobacter freundii isolates were found to carry bla(imp-8) and bla(vim-2), respectively, by colony hybridization, pcr and sequence analysis. the imp-8 producers were recovered from 20 patients a ...	2002	12356794
cefcapene inactivates chromosome-encoded class c beta-lactamases.	the stability of cefcapene and cefpodoxime, oral antibacterial cephalosporins, toward different classes of beta-lactamases was evaluated. for the class a beta-lactamases, tem-1, shv-1, and nmc-a, only the steady-state kinetic parameter ( k(cat)/ km) values were calculated (3100 - 1.1 x 10(7) m(-1) x s(-1)), because these enzymes have very high km values for cefpodoxime and cefotaxime. as for class b beta-lactamases l1, imp-1, and ccra, in general, similar k(cat)/ km values were obtained. however ...	2002	12373482
modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by the attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium in infected mice.	citrobacter rodentium belongs to the attaching and effacing family of enteric bacterial pathogens that includes both enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. these bacteria infect their hosts by colonizing the intestinal mucosal surface and intimately attaching to underlying epithelial cells. the abilities of these pathogens to exploit the cytoskeleton and signaling pathways of host cells are well documented, but their interactions with the host's antimicrobial defenses, such as ...	2002	12379723
comparison between vidas automatic enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay and culture method for salmonella recovery from pork carcass sponge samples.	vidas salmonella (vidas-slm) is an automated system that uses the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay method to detect salmonella species. this study evaluated the efficacy of the vidas-slm method in detecting salmonella species in pork carcass sponge samples gathered from 10 slaughter plants in taiwan. two hundred fifty-seven pork carcass sponge samples were screened by the vidas-slm method and by the culture method in parallel. while 18 sponge samples were found to test positive by both methods, t ...	2002	12380756
identification of a chromosome-borne expanded-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from erwinia persicina.	from whole-cell dna of an enterobacterial erwinia persicina reference strain that displayed a penicillinase-related antibiotic-resistant phenotype, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. it encoded a clavulanic-acid-inhibited ambler class a beta-lactamase, erp-1, with a pi value of 8.1 and a relative molecular mass of ca. 28 kda. erp-1 shared 45 to 50% amino acid identity with the most closely related enzymes, the chromosomally encoded enzymes from citrobacter koseri ...	2002	12384342
low-virulence citrobacter species encode resistance to multiple antimicrobials.	citrobacter spp. are gram-negative commensal bacteria that infrequently cause serious nosocomial infections in compromised hosts. they are often resistant to cephalosporins due to overexpression of their chromosomal beta-lactamase. during a recent study of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) in solid-organ transplant patients, we found that almost half of patients colonized with mdre carried one or more cefpodoxime-resistant citrobacter freundii, citrobacter braakii, or citrobacter ama ...	2002	12384364
antibiotic sensitivities of common bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections at gondar hospital, ethiopia.	to determine the prevalence and sensitivity trends of urinary bacterial isolates.	2002	12389960
cloning and sequencing of the beta-lactamase gene and surrounding dna sequences of citrobacter braakii, citrobacter murliniae, citrobacter werkmanii, escherichia fergusonii and enterobacter cancerogenus.	to further identify the origins of plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases that are currently spreading worldwide, the chromosomal beta-lactamase genes of citrobacter braakii, citrobacter murliniae, citrobacter werkmanii reference strains and of escherichia fergusonii and enterobacter cancerogenus clinical isolates were cloned and expressed into escherichia coli and sequenced. these beta-lactamases had all a single pi value >8 and conferred a typical ampc-type resistance pattern in e. coli recombinan ...	2002	12393205
characterisation of local isolates of enterobacteriaceae from turkey.	20 local isolates of enterics belonging to the genera salmonella, enterobacter, proteus, citrobacter from human, chicken and/or egg were characterised for their antibiotic resistance patterns, plasmid profiles, phage types, outer membrane proteins, and lipopolysaccharide patterns. relatedness of these characteristics for epidemiological analysis was assessed. 18 (90%) strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic and those (multi-drug resistant ones) resisting to two or more antibiotics cons ...	2002	12398294
host/pathogen interactions at mucosal surfaces: immune consequences.	the mucosal immune system has evolved to protect the host against the establishment of infections at or through the mucosal surfaces of the body. protective immunity must be activated to specific pathogenic agents or their products but inappropriate immune responses to food/environmental antigens must be avoided. thus, the mucosal immune system is under tight regulation. pathogenic bacteria and their products can be exploited as specific probes of mucosal immune responses. bacterial enterotoxins ...	2002	12405353
comparison of an espb gene fecal polymerase chain reaction assay with bacteriologic isolation for detection of citrobacter rodentium infection in mice.	to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for specific detection of citrobacter rodentium in fecal samples of mice and to compare this assay with bacterial isolation and identification methods.	2002	12405637
chloroxylenol- and triclosan-tolerant bacteria from industrial sources.	potential development of bacterial tolerance to biocides in the industrial environment is examined in this study. bacteria tolerant to the phenolic-type agent para-chloro-meta-xylenol (pcmx) and the bis-phenol 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether (triclosan) were isolated from industrial sources and identified. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined and compared with those of culture collection (standard) strains. of around 100 isolates originally obtained, most were natura ...	2002	12407457
chromosome-encoded ambler class a beta-lactamase of kluyvera georgiana, a probable progenitor of a subgroup of ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.	a chromosome-encoded beta-lactamase gene, cloned and expressed in escherichia coli from kluyvera georgiana reference strain cuetm 4246-74 (dsm 9408), encoded the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase klug-1, which shared 99% amino acid identity with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase ctx-m-8. this work provides further evidence that kluyvera spp. may be the progenitor(s) of ctx-m-type beta-lactamases.	2002	12435721
cloning and characterization of genes encoding homologues of the b subunit of cholera toxin and the escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin from clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii and e. coli.	we identified and characterized a gene encoding a homologue of the b subunits of cholera toxin (ctb) and heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) of escherichia coli from a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii that was found to produce a factor in the culture supernatant that cross-reacted with antibodies to ctb and ltb when assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the gene encoding the elisa-positive factor, cfxb, consisted of 375 nucleotides and was located downstream of an 852-nucleotid ...	2002	12438400
comparison of long-chain alcohols and other volatile compounds emitted from food-borne and related gram positive and gram negative bacteria.	numerous reports have been published on the antimicrobial activity of synthetic volatile long chain alcohols, such as 1-decanol and 1-dodecanol, against bacteria and fungi. the objective of the present study was to survey microorganisms for emission patterns of naturally occurring long chain alcohols and other volatile components to determine if these compounds are associated with certain groups of bacteria. cultures were grown in trypticase soy broth overnight and volatile compounds were trappe ...	2002	12442299
infectious complications in patients undergoing unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation: experience from a single institution.	to analyze the incidence and characteristics of documented infections in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation (ud-bmt).	2002	12445010
tyrosine residues at the immunoglobulin-c-type lectin inter-domain boundary of intimin are not involved in tir-binding but implicated in colonisation of the host.	intimin is an outer membrane adhesion molecule involved in bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelium by several human and animal enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. intimin binds to the translocated intimin receptor, tir, which is delivered to the plasma membrane of the host cell by a type iii protein translocation system. intimin is also implicated in binding to a host cell-encoded intimin receptor (hir). the recepto ...	2002	12475629
neonatal sepsis: high antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit in karachi.	to study the bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity pattern so that guidelines can be prepared for empirical antibiotic therapy.	2002	12481673
[cefepime (maxipime) treatment efficacy in surgical patients ].	between september and december 2001 in the "caritas" surgical clinic of bucharest has been conducted a clinical study for the efficiency of cefepime (maxipime) treatment in surgical patients. introduced in therapy in the last decade of the xxth century, cefepime (maxipime) is the most active 4th generation cephalosporin, due to its extended spectrum of activity and its high resistance against beta-lactamases. cefepime (maxipime) has a very large spectrum, including the majority of the microorgan ...	2002	12731215
[antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against clinical isolates in 2000 and 2001].	as the post-marketing surveillance of cefpodoxime proxetil (banan), mics of cefpodoxime (cpdx, an active form of banan) against 1090 clinical isolates of 22 species from 15 medical institutions all over japan from june 2000 to march 2001 were measured using the broth microdilution method approved by the japanese society of chemotherapy and compared with those of oral cephem antibacterials, cefaclor, cefdinir, cefditoren, and cefcapene. in this study, remarkable change in the activity of cpdx was ...	2002	12621736
extended spectrum beta-lactamase mediated resistance in urinary tract isolates of family enterobacteriaceae.	extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) hydrolyse expanded spectrum cephalosporins like ceftazidime, cefotaxime and monobactam aztreonam. esbl producing bacteria may not be detectable in the routine disk diffusion susceptibility tests leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failures. as information on esbl producers causing urinary tract infection (uti) is not available from our country, the occurrence of esbl producing strains causing uti was studied as also the differences b ...	2002	12674828
countrywide spread of ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in poland.	eighty-four clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, recovered from 1998 to 2000 in 15 hospitals in 10 polish cities, were analyzed. all the isolates produced beta-lactamases with pis of 8.4 and 5.4, and the pi 8.4 enzymes were demonstrated to hydrolyze cefotaxime but not ceftazidime in the in vitro bioassay. pcr analysis and dna sequencing have revealed that in all cases the pi 8.4 beta-lactamase was probably the ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) variant, which was orig ...	2002	11751126
antimicrobial susceptibilities among clinical isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a taiwanese university hospital.	infections caused by gram-negative bacteria with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins require the identification of effective alternative antimicrobial therapy. to determine the role of other pre-existing or currently available antimicrobial agents in treating infections caused by these multidrug-resistant pathogens, we evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of these agents in 411 non-duplicate isolates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacteria recovered betw ...	2002	11751769
citrobacter koseri in scalp folliculitis.	gram-negative folliculitis, an uncommon condition, is most often seen in older patients who have acne and who either have received prolonged courses of antibiotic therapy or have used antibacterial cleansers that selectively inhibit gram-positive organisms. citrobacter infections are uncommon, and dermatologists seldom encounter them. in the past, these infections occurred in hospitals, particularly in neonatal intensive care units. bacteremias also occur in elderly or immunocompromised patients ...	2002	12041821
potency and antimicrobial spectrum update for piperacillin/tazobactam (2000): emphasis on its activity against resistant organism populations and generally untested species causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections.	the in vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam and several comparison broad-spectrum compounds was assessed against recent clinical isolates of gram-positive and -negative bacteria from geographically diverse medical centers in europe, north and latin america participating in various surveillance programs in 2000. several organisms were characterized for phenotypic expression of various resistant determinants such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) or amp c cephalosporinase hyperproduc ...	2002	12052629
[yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ...	2002	12071094
comparative evaluation of two commercial chromogenic media for detection and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens.	the performance of two commercial chromogenic media for the isolation and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens, the cps id2 (biomérieux, france) and the chromagar orientation (bbl becton dickinson, usa), was evaluated and compared with that of cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and tryptic soy agar with 5% sheep blood. the detection, determination of bacterial counts, and presumptive identification of bacteria causing urinary tract infections were evaluated in 3,000 urin ...	2002	12072939
bacterial population of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process treating effluent of cassava starch factory.	different groups of microorganisms in a two-phase anaerobic system were enumerated to evaluate the prevalence of specific groups and species. total and fecal coliforms showed similar values both in acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. the fecal streptococci were 4-fold higher in the acidogenic reactor, when compared with those of the methanogenic reactor. as expected, no methane forming or sulfate reducing bacteria were found in the acidogenic reactor. the populations of methanogenic bacteria w ...	2002	12088382
how bacteria could cause cancer: one step at a time.	helicobacter pylori highlighted the potential for bacteria to cause cancer. it is becoming clear that chronic infection with other bacteria, notably salmonella typhi, can also facilitate tumour development. infections caused by several bacteria (e.g. bartonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis and citrobacter rodentium) can induce cellular proliferation that can be reversed by antibiotic treatment. other chronic bacterial infections have the effect of blocking apoptosis. however, the underlying ce ...	2002	12088666
an analysis of human pathogens found in horse/mule manure along the john muir trail in kings canyon and sequoia and yosemite national parks.	to determine the prevalence of microorganisms that are potentially pathogenic for humans in horse/mule manure along the john muir trail (jmt).	2002	12092962
antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria in rivers, united states.	bacteria with intrinsic resistance to antibiotics are found in nature. such organisms may acquire additional resistance genes from bacteria introduced into soil or water, and the resident bacteria may be the reservoir or source of widespread resistant organisms found in many environments. we isolated antibiotic-resistant bacteria in freshwater samples from 16 u.s. rivers at 22 sites and measured the prevalence of organisms resistant to beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics. over 40% of the ...	2002	12095440
[species composition and microbial contamination of atmospheric humidity condensate and potable water from the mir water supply systems during mir main missions 4 through 27].	analyzed were quantitative and qualitative characteristics, and processes of formation and transformation of microflora in the atmospheric humidity condensate (ahc) and potable water (pw) regenerated from the condensate by the long-operating system (srv-k) aboard space station mir. the paper presents data on species composition of microflora of ahc, and pw regenerated by srv-k in the period from 1989 through to 1999. the following microbial species were identified in ahc: alcaligenes (14.8%), ba ...	2002	12098948
clinical features and antimicrobial susceptibility trends in citrobacter freundii bacteremia.	this retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 36 cases of citrobacter freundii bacteremia treated at the taipei veterans general hospital from 1996 through 1999. the results showed that the predominant infection site was the intraabdominal region and the mortality was 22%. the resistance of c. freundii to most third-generation cephalosporins and broad-spectrum penicillins increased in both nosocomial and community-acquired c. freundii ba ...	2002	12099331
a comparison of the performance of cystine lactose electrolyte deficient (cled) agar with oxoid chromogenic urinary tract infection (cuti) medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of organisms from urine.	as part of the uk antimicrobial resistance strategy and action plan, the public health laboratory service (phls) is required to collect antibiotic susceptibility data so that resistance trends and patterns can be monitored. most laboratories report urine gram negative isolates, as "coliforms" according to morphological appearance, but without an acceptable identification system the antimicrobial surveillance data will be meaningless. commercially available identification systems tend to be expen ...	2002	12101200
role of the murein precursor udp-n-acetylmuramyl-l-ala-gamma-d-glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid-d-ala-d-ala in repression of beta-lactamase induction in cell division mutants.	certain beta-lactam antibiotics induce the chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase of many gram-negative bacteria. the natural inducer, though not yet unequivocally identified, is a cell wall breakdown product which enters the cell via the ampg permease component of the murein recycling pathway. surprisingly, it has been reported that beta-lactamase is not induced by cefoxitin in the absence of ftsz, which is required for cell division, or in the absence of penicillin-binding protein 2 (pbp2), which is ...	2002	12107141
molecular characterization of salmonella spp. isolated from bulk tank milk and cull dairy cow fecal samples.	the consumption of meat from cull dairy cows and of raw milk has been associated with foodborne salmonellosis. this survey was conducted to establish the prevalence of salmonella in cull dairy cow fecal samples and bulk tank milk and to determine the proportion of salmonella-positive dairy farms (n = 30) in east tennessee. food and drug administration bacteriological analytical protocols were generally used for salmonella isolation. primary enrichment was performed with lactose broth, and second ...	2002	12117241
antibiotic resistance of bacteria associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections in the southern area of the gaza strip.	the aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms that cause "community-acquired" urinary tract infections among adults and to investigate their resistance to fourteen selected antimicrobial agents. the uropathogens identified in 121 positive midstream urine cultures from the 270 subjects included in this study were escherichia coli (57.9%), proteus species (9.9%), enterobacter species (7.4%), klebsiella species (6.6%), pseudomonas species (5.8%), staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.0%), ente ...	2002	12120880
but-1: a new member in the chromosomal inducible class c beta-lactamases family from a clinical isolate of buttiauxella sp.	an atypical enterobacteriaceae strain with a beta-lactam susceptibility pattern of inducible cephalosporinase was isolated in tenon hospital (paris, france) from a patient's skull wound infection. identifications by the api-50che biochemical system and 16s rrna gene sequencing concluded that it was a member of the buttiauxella genus. the bla gene was cloned and sequenced. the deduced translated product was a 383-amino acid protein (but-1) with 75-78% identity with the chromosomal ampc beta-lacta ...	2002	12127496
mass spectrometric methods for generation of protein mass database used for bacterial identification.	the availability of a suitable database is critical in a proteomic approach for bacterial identification by mass spectrometry (ms). the major limitation of the present public proteome database is the lack of extensive low-mass bacterial protein entries with masses experimentally verified for most bacteria. here, we present a method based on mass spectrometry to create protein mass tables specifically tailored for bacterial identification. several issues related to the detection of bacterial prot ...	2002	12141680
occurrence and characterization of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamase cmy-2 in salmonella isolated from food-producing animals in canada.	resistance of salmonella to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) is being reported with increasing frequency. in humans, infections with salmonella resistant to escs threaten the efficacy of ceftriaxone, the drug of choice for treating salmonellosis in children. to determine the occurrence of resistance to escs, we examined 8426 strains isolated from food-producing animals in canada in 1994-99 for reduced susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone. of the 8 such strains identified (7 from tu ...	2002	12146884
reduction of cr(vi) and bioaccumulation of chromium by gram positive and gram negative microorganisms not previously exposed to cr-stress.	resistance to cr(vi) is usually associated with its cellular exclusion, precluding enrichment techniques for the isolation of organisms accumulating cr(vi) via bioreduction to insoluble cr(iii). a technique was developed to screen for potential cr(vi) reduction in approx. 2000 isolates from a coastal environment, based on the non-specific reduction of selenite and tellurite to se0 and te0, and reduction of tetrazolium blue to insoluble blue formazan. the most promising strains were further scree ...	2002	12164635
[bacteriologic examination of gallbladder contents].	acute calculous (obstructive) cholecystitis develops as a consequence of cystic obstruction and obstruction of bile flow into choledochus. most often it is a result of impacted gallstones in hartman's pouch or the cystic duct. their direct pressure on gallbladder mucosa causes ischemia, necrosis and ulceration with consequential wall edema and obstructed venous flow. this mechanism is further increasing and spreading the inflammatory process. ulcerations may be that extensive, that mucosa is hig ...	2002	12170867
[occurrence of beta-lactamase types esbl and ampc among gram-negative rods isolated from food].	the aim of the study was to isolate extended spectrum beta-laktamases (esbl) and chromosomal beta-laktamases ampc producing strains from food products. a total of 739 gram-negative bacteria were tested with double disc diffusion method using cefotaxim, ceftasidim and amoxycillin with clavulanic acid. one strain producing esbl and belonging to stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected from the ice cream (0.14% of all strains). from different food products a total of 14 microorganisms (1.9%) havin ...	2002	12185694
enzyme-catalysed oxygenation and deoxygenation routes to chiral thiosulfinates.	enantioenriched thiosulfinates have been obtained by dioxygenase- and chloroperoxidase-catalysed oxidation of 1,2-disulfides and dimethyl sulfoxide reductase-catalysed deoxygenation.	2002	12189839
mutagenesis of conserved tryptophan residues within the receptor-binding domain of intimin: influence on binding activity and virulence.	intimate bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelium is a pathogenic mechanism shared by several human and animal enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. the proteins directly involved in this process are the outer-membrane adhesion molecule intimin and the translocated intimin receptor, tir. the receptor-binding activity of intimin resides within the carboxy terminus 280 aa (int280) of the polypeptide. four tryptophan resi ...	2002	11882699
mice lacking t and b lymphocytes develop transient colitis and crypt hyperplasia yet suffer impaired bacterial clearance during citrobacter rodentium infection.	the bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium belongs to a family of gastrointestinal pathogens that includes enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and is the causative agent of transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. the molecular mechanisms used by these pathogens to colonize host epithelial surfaces and form attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions have undergone intense study. in contrast, little is known about the host's immune response to these infections and its importance ...	2002	11895973
[four cases of non-clostridial gas gangrene with diabetes mellitus].	we report four cases of non-clostridial gas gangrene. all cases were associated with diabetes mellitus as the underlying disease. case 1: a 60-year-old male developed an ulcerative lesion on the dorsum of his left foot. peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, citrobacter freundii and staphyrococcus epidermidis were identified in culture from odoriferous pus. case 2: a 81-year-old female developed a lesion on her vulva spreading to the right lower abdomen. bacteroides bivius, peptostreptococcus asac ...	2002	11915237
second trimester fetal death caused by citrobacter koseri (diversus) infection: a report of two cases.		2002	11926652