Publications

the survival and growth of acid-adapted mesophilic pathogens that contaminate meat after lactic acid decontamination.	lactic acid decontamination (lad) may adapt pathogens to lactic acid. such organisms may have an increased resistance to acid and can contaminate meat after lad. the survival and growth of acid adapted campylobacter jejuni, salmonella typhimurium. escherichia coli o157:h7 and staphylococcus aureus inoculated on skin surface of still warm pork belly cuts 2 h after lad was examined during chilled (4 degrees c) storage and refrigeration abuse equivalent to 12.5 degrees c. lactic acid decontaminatio ...	1998	9633653
[campylobacter jejuni colitis and guillain-barre syndrome].		1998	9642872
isolation and molecular analysis of colonising and non-colonising strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli following experimental infection of young chickens.	fourteen-day-old chickens were inoculated with selected campylobacter coli and c. jejuni strains. c. jejuni strains were of two subgroups based on a polymorphism detected using a dna probe and represented the profiles typical for the majority of strains of either chicken or human origin. all c. coli strains previously isolated from humans colonised chickens, whereas from 4/7 c. jejuni strains of human origin, failed to colonise. of 12 campylobacter strains of chicken origin, 10 established a per ...	1998	9646454
epidemiological typing of campylobacter isolates from meat processing plants by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fatty acid profile typing, serotyping, and biotyping.	campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. foods of animal origin, particularly under-cooked poultry, are common sources of campylobacter species associated with disease in humans. a collection of 110 campylobacter jejuni and 31 c. coli human and environmental isolates from different ontario, canada, abattoirs were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, fatty acid profile typing, and biotyping. previously collected serotyping data for the same isolates were also ...	1998	9647797
microtiter assay for detecting campylobacter spp. and helicobacter pylori with surface gangliosides which bind cholera toxin.	campylobacter jejuni with gm1 ganglioside in the core of its lipopolysaccharide has been associated with guillain-barré syndrome. since this epitope may be of considerable pathophysiologic importance and since this ganglioside binds cholera toxin, a rapid screening assay to detect bacteria that bind cholera toxin as an indication of gm1 on their surfaces was developed. in the assay, bacterial lawns were grown on agar plates, harvested with phosphate-buffered saline, boiled, and incubated with a ...	1998	9650959
molecular characterization and postsplicing fate of three introns within the single rrna operon of the hyperthermophilic archaeon aeropyrum pernix k1.	the single rrna operon (arns-arnl) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon aeropyrum pernix k1 was sequenced. the dna sequence data and detailed rna analyses disclosed an unusual feature: the presence of three introns at hitherto undescribed insertion positions within the rrna genes. the 699-nucleotide (nt) intron ialpha was located at position 908 (escherichia coli numbering [h. f. noller, annu. rev. biochem. 53:119-162, 1984]) of the 16s rrna, while the 202-nt intron ibeta and 575-nt intron igamma w ...	1998	9658008
the central, surface-exposed region of the flagellar hook protein flge of campylobacter jejuni shows hypervariability among strains.	in a previous study, we observed that monoclonal antibodies raised against the hook protein flge of campylobacter jejuni lio 36, isolate 5226, bound exclusively to this strain. the aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular basis for these binding specificities. the hook protein-encoding gene flge of c. jejuni was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the flge genes of four additional c. jejuni strains were amplified by pcr and also sequenced. comparison of the deduced amino acid seque ...	1998	9658019
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 59 strains of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.	the susceptibilities of 59 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates to eight antibiotics were studied by the agar dilution, e-test, and disk diffusion methods. none of the isolates were beta-lactamase producers. all were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, imipenem, and meropenem as determined by the three methods, with mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (determined by agar dilution) of 2, 1, < or = 0.06, and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. twenty-seven percent of the ...	1998	9661033
fisher syndrome associated with igg anti-gq1b antibody following infection by a specific serotype of campylobacter jejuni.	the purpose of the study was to describe clinical and serologic features of fisher syndrome associated with igg anti-gq1b ganglioside antibody following campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	1998	9663234
campylobacter upsaliensis: waiting in the wings.	despite strong epidemiological evidence supporting an important role for campylobacter upsaliensis as a human enteropathogen, it remains relatively unknown in the realm of clinical microbiology. clinical studies indicate that infection with this organism usually is associated with benign self-limiting diarrhea. however, more serious illnesses, including spontaneous abortion and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, recently have been associated with human infections. understanding of the virulence properti ...	1998	9665977
campylobacter species and guillain-barré syndrome.	since the eradication of polio in most parts of the world, guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. gbs is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by weakness, usually symmetrical, evolving over a period of several days or more. since laboratories began to isolate campylobacter species from stool specimens some 20 years ago, there have been many reports of gbs following campylobacter infection. only during the past f ...	1998	9665983
etiological study of diarrheal patients in vientiane, lao people's democratic republic.	the etiological agents of diarrhea in vientiane, lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr), were studied in the period from october 1996 to august 1997. a total of 880 patients with diarrhea visiting medical facilities were examined for shigella, salmonella, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, vibrio, aeromonas, campylobacter, and rotavirus. shigella spp., heat-stable enterotoxin (st)-producing e. coli, and serogroup-based enteropathogenic e. coli were found to be the main organisms causing diarrhe ...	1998	9665990
associations between heat-stable (o) and heat-labile (hl) serogroup antigens of campylobacter jejuni: evidence for interstrain relationships within three o/hl serovars.	a comparative examination of the heat-stable (o) and heat-labile (hl) serogrouping results for 9,024 sporadic human isolates of campylobacter jejuni revealed conserved associations between specific o and hl antigens (o/hl serovars). forty-nine percent of the isolates which grouped for both o and hl antigens belonged to one of three serovars: o 4 complex/hl 1 (17.9%), o 1/hl 2 (16.8%), or o 50/hl 7 (14.5%). other common serovars were o 2/hl 4 (8.3%), o 6/hl 6 (8.1%), o 53/hl 11 (4.5%), o 19/hl 17 ...	1998	9665996
a novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of clostridium difficile isolates.	two hundred nineteen clostridium difficile isolates from 22 serogroups were screened for changes in the genes coding for toxin b (tcdb) and toxin a (tcda). parts of the toxin genes were amplified, and the pcr fragments were checked for length polymorphisms and cut with several restriction enzymes to monitor restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). for 47 strains (21%), differences in the toxin genes were found compared to the toxin genes of reference strain vpi 10,463. polymorphisms we ...	1998	9665999
direct detection of eae-positive bacteria in human and veterinary colorectal specimens by pcr.	a pcr test based on the amplification of an eae-specific sequence was designed and evaluated for its ability to directly detect homologous sequences in enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. (amplification of eae open reading frame, 178 bp) in sections of the intestines of humans and animals with colonic lesions. positive pcr results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of e. coli and citrobacter rodentium (citrobacter freundii biotype 4280). known eae-negative refer ...	1998	9666014
molecular mimicry in guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is the commonest cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. recent pathological and electrodiagnostic studies indicated that there are different patterns within this syndrome. the demyelinating pattern predominates in north america and europe, whereas axonal variants of gbs occur more frequently in northern china. infection with campylobacter jejuni is one of the most frequently recognized antecedent events in all variants of gbs. the lipopolysaccharides of these o ...	1998	9668364
guillain-barré syndrome and fisher's syndrome following campylobacter jejuni infection.	the patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis showed axonal degeneration and had igg anti-gm1 antibody. the most frequently isolated c. jejuni from the patients was specific serotype of penner's 19 in japan. in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) in c. jejuni of this serotype, the same oligosaccharide structure as gm1 ganglioside existed, suggesting the molecular mimicry between gm1 in nervous tissue and c. jejuni lps. igg anti-gm1 antibody may bind the no ...	1998	9668366
the role of antiglycolipid antibodies in neurological disorders.	glycolipids have been shown to be antigens for circulating antibodies in autoimmune processes affecting the nervous system like neuropathy associated with igm paraproteinemia, guillain barré syndrome (gbs), multifocal neuropathy, and variants thereof. the antibody titers, the ig-classes, and the antibody specificity vary between studies and disease groups. the immunogens are in general unknown. however, gbs is often associated with an infection with campylobacter jejuni, which expresses a lipopo ...	1998	9668367
antiglycosphingolipid immune responses in neurology. the vienna experience with isotypes, subclasses, and disease.	igm, igg, iga, and igg subclass anti-gm1, anti-gq1b, and anti-asialo-gm1 (anti-ga1) antibodies, respectively, were investigated by elisa in serum from neurological and other patients. increased anti-gm1 occurred mostly in approximately 15-35% of the cases without statistical differences; high percentages were found in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) preceded by gastrointestinal infection and multifocal motor neuropathy. roughly, igm anti-gm1 was most frequent; however, distinct igg and iga reactio ...	1998	9668368
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and coli by using e-test in taiwan.	to report the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter species, we determined the mics of 6 antibiotics by e-test for 93 human clinical strains and 35 chicken strains. the 6 antimicrobial agents tested were gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. isolates from humans were significantly more susceptible than chicken strains to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. nearly all of the human and chicken strains were susceptible to gent ...	1998	9670357
lipopolysaccharides from campylobacter jejuni o:41 strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome exhibit mimicry of gm1 ganglioside.	three campylobacter jejuni, biotype 2, serotype o:41 strains that were isolated from patients who developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and one c. jejuni isolate from a patient who developed enteritis only were examined. the aim of the study was to determine the structure of the core oligosaccharide (os) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of c. jejuni serotype o:41, a serotype rarely associated with the development of gbs, and to determine if the lps shares similar epitopes with any of the major ...	1998	9673245
characterization of the thermal stress response of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium, is a common cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans. heat shock proteins are a group of highly conserved, coregulated proteins that play important roles in enabling organisms to cope with physiological stresses. the primary aim of this study was to characterize the heat shock response of c. jejuni. twenty-four proteins were preferentially synthesized by c. jejuni immediately following heat shock. upon immunoscreening of escher ...	1998	9673247
frequency of occurrence of campylobacter spp. in red meats and poultry in northern ireland and their subsequent subtyping using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the random amplified polymorphic dna method.	sampling of lamb (n = 100) and beef (n = 100) carcasses in abattoirs in northern ireland produced no evidence of campylobacter spp. contamination and when retail packs of beef (n = 50) and pork (n = 50) were sampled these were also apparently free of campylobacter spp. however, 38% of retail packs of chicken pieces (n = 120), yielded campylobacter spp. these packs were purchased over a period of 1 year and came from a single local producer. after the species of the isolates had been determined ( ...	1998	9674121
the largest subunits of rna polymerase from gastric helicobacters are tethered.	the rpob and rpoc genes of eubacteria and archaea, coding respectively for the beta- and beta'-like subunits of dna-dependent rna polymerase, are organized in an operon with rpob always preceding rpoc. the genome sequence of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori (strain 26695) revealed homologs of two genes in one continuous open reading frame that potentially could encode one 2890-amino acid-long beta-beta' fusion protein. here, we show that this open reading frame does in fact encode a fuse ...	1998	9677352
trisodium phosphate increases sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria to lysozyme and nisin.	cell suspensions of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, and salmonella enteritidis exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.5 to 5 mm) of trisodium phosphate (tsp) for 10 min showed greatly increased susceptibility to lysozyme (10 micrograms ml-1) and/or nisin (1 microm). under optimal conditions at 37 degrees c, reductions in viable count after 30 min were up to six log cycles. at 4 degrees c, c. jejuni showed greater resistance than at 37 degrees c, and maximal cell ...	1998	9678166
immunoadsorption therapy in guillain-barré syndrome.	a 12-year-old boy rapidly developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after campylobacter jejuni enteritis. electrophysiologic studies suggested that demyelination was dominant, and serum anti-c. jejuni and both igg and igm anti-gm1 antibodies were significantly elevated. the patient was treated three times with immunoadsorption therapy using a tryptophan-immobilized column. the volume of treated plasma in each session was about 2 l. his blood pressure was maintained within normal range with the use ...	1998	9682887
the regulated outer membrane protein omp21 from comamonas acidovorans is identified as a member of a new family of eight-stranded beta-sheet proteins by its sequence and properties.	omp21, a minor outer membrane protein of the soil bacterium comamonas acidovorans, was purified from a spontaneous mutant lacking a surface layer and long-chain lipopolysaccharide. omp21 synthesis is enhanced by oxygen depletion, and the protein has a variable electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis due to its heat-modifiable behavior. the structural gene omp21 encodes a precursor of 204 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 21 amino acids. m ...	1998	9683466
chemical structure of lipid a isolated from flavobacterium meningosepticum lipopolysaccharide.	the chemical structure of the lipid a of the lipopolysaccharide component isolated from flavobacterium meningosepticum ifo 12535 was elucidated. methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed that two kinds of hydrophilic backbone exist in the free lipid a: a beta (1-->6)-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, which is usually present in enterobacterial lipid a's, and a 2-amino-6-o-(2, 3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-d-glucose, in a molar ratio of 1.00:0.35. both back ...	1998	9683486
incidence and clinical manifestations of campylobacter enteritis in central taiwan.	campylobacter species are recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world and are increasingly associated with the development of guillain-barré syndrome. the age distribution of persons and the seasonal patterns of campylobacter infection are different in many developed and developing countries. the present study reports the investigation of the clinical and epidemiologic features of campylobacter infections in central taiwan.	1998	9684510
isolation of arcobacter butzleri in raw water and drinking water treatment plants in germany.	a total of 147 "campylobacter-like" strains were isolated from six drinking water treatment plants within a two year investigation period. the strains were characterized by bio-, and serotyping according the scheme for arcobacter butzleri. the result was that 100 strains were typed as arcobacter butzleri, 17 strains as arcobacter butzleri-like and 6 strains as campylobacter jejuni/coli. 24 strains were typed as arcobacter spp. the strains isolated from the treatment plants showed the same seroty ...	1998	9686447
molecular cloning and functional analysis of a novel tetracycline resistance determinant, tet(v), from mycobacterium smegmatis.	the nucleotide sequence and mechanism of action of a tetracycline resistance gene from mycobacterium smegmatis were determined. analysis of a 2.2-kb sequence fragment showed the presence of one open reading frame, designated tet(v), encoding a 419-amino-acid protein (molecular weight, 44,610) with at least 10 transmembrane domains. a database search showed that the gene is homologous to membrane-associated antibiotic efflux pump proteins but not to any known tetracycline efflux pumps. the steady ...	1998	9687386
antimicrobial resistance of clinical strains of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from 1985 to 1997 in quebec, canada.	the antimicrobial resistance of 158 campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans in quebec, canada, from 1995 to 1997 was compared to the resistance of 47 and 86 strains of c. jejuni isolated in 1985 and 1986 and in 1992 and 1993, respectively. of the 291 c. jejuni strains tested, no strain was resistant to erythromycin. compared to the c. jejuni strains isolated in 1985 and 1986, the c. jejuni strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 were more resistant to tetracycline (40.7 versus 19.1%, respect ...	1998	9687415
guillain-barré and fisher's syndromes subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis are associated with hla-b54 and cw1 independent of anti-ganglioside antibodies.	the frequencies of human leukocyte antigens (hla)-class i (a, b and cw) were determined serologically and those of hla-class ii (drb1 and dqb1) at the genomic level in 35 japanese patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), 58 with fisher's syndrome (fs), and 112 healthy controls. hla-b54 and -cw1 antigens were found in gbs and fs patients from whom campylobacter jejuni had been isolated more often than found in the healthy controls. no hla types were related to gbs or fs as a whole, except for ...	1998	9688325
validity of smai-defined genotypes of campylobacter jejuni examined by sali, kpni, and bamhi polymorphisms: evidence of identical clones infecting humans, poultry, and cattle.	we describe here an examination of the validity of molecular types of campylobacter jejuni as defined by separation of smai-digested dna using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), recently suggested as part of a molecular subtyping scheme. thirty-four danish strains from humans, water, poultry and cattle were assigned to one of six smai 'profile groups' (pgs), with two additional strains included as genotypically distinct controls. the interstrain relationships were reexamined by pfge of sal ...	1998	9692600
microaerophilic conditions promote growth of mycobacterium genavense.	our studies show that microaerophilic conditions promote the growth of mycobacterium genavense in semisolid medium. the growth of m. genavense at 2.5 or 5% oxygen was superior to that obtained at 21% oxygen in bactec primary cultures (middlebrook 7h12, ph 6.0, without additives). by using nondecontaminated specimens, it was possible to detect growth with very small inocula (25 bacilli/ml) of 12 different m. genavense strains (from nude mice) within 6 weeks of incubation under low oxygen tension; ...	1998	9705393
enhanced survival of campylobacter jejuni in association with wood.	campylobacter jejuni cells, when stressed by aeration of the liquid culture medium, were protected from death when a block of wood was present in the broth, especially at 30 degrees c. sealing the wood inside a porous membrane showed that access to its physical structure was necessary for the protection of cells and that soluble free-radical scavengers from the wood were not responsible for the protection seen. insoluble free-radical scavengers associated with the wood were not a significant fac ...	1998	9708248
microbiological quality of australian beef carcass meat and frozen bulk packed beef.	two studies were undertaken to determine the microbiological of beef carcass meat and frozen boneless bulk packed beef produced in australia. samples were collected from 1,063 beef carcasses and from 929 cartons of frozen boneless bulk packed beef over a period of approximately 12 months. samples were collected from works processing beef carcasses for the australian domestic market and from works targeting export markets. on carcasses processed for export markets, where bacterial counts were obt ...	1998	9709207
campylobacter jejuni, antiganglioside antibodies, and guillain-barré syndrome.		1998	9709999
campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides in guillain-barré syndrome: molecular mimicry and host susceptibility.	this study was designed to determine if the presence of specific ganglioside-like moieties in campylobacter lipopolysaccharides (lpss) is related to the development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), and to discover how frequently such moieties, including gm1, are present in these lpss.	1998	9710005
hla and t-cell receptor gene polymorphisms in guillain-barré syndrome.	we examined a possible involvement of genetic factors influencing the development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs).	1998	9710006
inactivated whole-cell bacterial vaccines: current status and novel strategies.	inactivated bacterial whole-cell vaccines have been the most widely studied prophylactic treatment for infectious diseases. they offer an economical, and potentially safe, effective means of preventing disease. the disadvantages of these vaccines have been that parenteral administration, while effective in some instances, may have caused adverse reactions in vaccinees, while oral administration often required high doses and resulted in short-term immunity. more recent studies describing new appr ...	1998	9711805
sirr, a novel iron-dependent repressor in staphylococcus epidermidis.	in staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus, a number of cell wall- and cytoplasmic membrane-associated lipoproteins are induced in response to iron starvation. to gain insights into the molecular basis of iron-dependent gene regulation in the staphylococci, we sequenced the dna upstream of the 3-kb s. epidermidis sitabc operon, which northern blot analysis indicates is transcriptionally regulated by the growth medium iron content. we identified two dna sequences which are homologous ...	1998	9712757
comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome.	raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ...	1998	9712782
immunization against natural helicobacter pylori infection in nonhuman primates.	helicobacter pylori infection is widespread in some breeding groups of a rhesus monkey colony (71% h. pylori positive by 1 year), and the rate of seroconversion is also high. as a result, these groups can be used to test the safety and efficacy of an anti-h. pylori vaccine. nine-month-old female animals were randomized to receive either 8 mg of recombinant urease (rure) plus 25 microg of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) (n = 26) or placebo plus lt (n = 29), given four times at 1-wee ...	1998	9712786
the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis locus of campylobacter jejuni 81116.	most campylobacter jejuni strains express lipo-oligosaccharides. some strains also express lipopolysaccharides (lps), with o-antigen-like carbohydrate repeats. c. jejuni 81116 expresses an lps containing both lipo-oligosaccharides and o-antigen-like repeats, but nothing is known about the structure or sugar composition of these lps species. a cosmid library of the genome of c. jejuni 81116 was constructed and probed with campylobacter hyoilei genes involved in lps synthesis. five cosmids hybridi ...	1998	9720026
isolation of campylobacter jejuni from groundwater.	a pollution event which occurred at a spring in the arnside area of cumbria provided an opportunity to investigate whether campylobacter jejuni could be detected in groundwater. hydrological evidence suggested that the source of contamination was a dairy farm situated within the hydrological catchment of the polluted spring. the microbiological quality of the polluted spring was monitored during intervals over the following 12 months and compared with others in the area. campylobacter jejuni was ...	1998	9721669
community acquired infections and bacterial resistance.		1998	9727998
detection and characterization of two cytotoxins produced by campylobacter jejuni strains.	campylobacter jejuni strains are able to produce at least two different cytotoxins called "cytolethal distending toxin" (cldt) and "cytolethal rounding toxin" (clrt). in this study, we investigated the corresponding changes in cho-k1 cells using the cell counter and analyzer system casy 1. determination of the cell volume after toxin treatment of the cells is a useful criterion for differentiation between the cytotoxic activities produced by campylobacter strains. incubation of the cells with cr ...	1998	9728413
specificity of monoclonal antibodies to campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide antigens.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced to the lipopolysaccharide antigens of campylobacter jejuni strain 1249 (penner serotype o:2/63). a polymyxin-cloth based enzyme immunoassay (pceia) was used for initial screening and for evaluating the specificity of these antibodies. seven mabs reacted with at least 11 and as many as 14 of 15 c. jejuni strains (representing 8 different penner serotypes). these seven mabs did not cross-react with any of 16 non-campylobacter bacteria commonly encountered ...	1998	9730086
experimental campylobacter infection and diarrhoea in immunodeficient mice.	the responses of previously untested immunodeficient mouse strains to campylobacter infection are described. three strains of adult immunodeficient mice (scid-beige, c.b-17-scid-beige and rag-2) were inoculated intragastrically with campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. all mice became heavily colonised, but none developed clinical signs of disease. immunocompetent balb/c mice inoculated similarly had much lower colonisation levels. the co-administration of iron dextran had no effect on colonisation ...	1998	9736162
prospective investigation of cryptic outbreaks of salmonella agona salmonellosis.	the number of salmonella agona isolates reported annually in texas from 1992 through 1994 ranged from 14 to 21. an increase in incidence of s. agona infections was noted in the fall of 1995. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis identified prospectively two possible cryptic outbreaks caused by an indistinguishable strain which was isolated from 18 of 59 patients who were culture positive from march through december 1995. these 18 patients had onset of illness from 20 may through 3 oct ...	1998	9738033
use of molecular and reference susceptibility testing methods in a multicenter evaluation of microscan dried overnight gram-positive mic panels for detection of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistances in enterococci.	modified microscan gram-positive mic no. 8 panels (pm-8) were analyzed for their improved ability to detect vancomycin resistance (vr) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (hlar) in enterococci. a validation study design that utilized selected challenge strains, recent clinical isolates, and reproducibility experiments in a multicenter format was selected. three independent medical centers compared the commercial panels to reference broth microdilution panels (rbm) and synergy quad agar (qa) ...	1998	9738056
cloning and expression of the campylobacter jejuni lon gene detected by rna arbitrarily primed pcr.	fingerprinting of rna by arbitrarily primed pcr was used to identify a heat-inducible gene in campylobacter jejuni. comparing rna fingerprints from c. jejuni cells before and after 20 min of heat shock at 48 degrees c, a differentially amplified pcr product was identified which displayed a high degree of homology to bacterial lon genes. by screening c. jejuni genomic libraries, the entire lon gene was cloned and sequenced. it encodes a protein of 791 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass ...	1998	9742705
the usefulness of diffusion-in-gel-elisa in clinical practice as illustrated by a campylobacter jejuni outbreak.	in this study, the dig-elisa (diffusion-in-gel enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) is presented as a tool for the determination of antibodies with improved quantitation over other solid phase assays. the method combines the diffusion of antibodies in agar with the eia concept in petri dishes. diffusion of native, undiluted sera results in (1) a concentration gradient in the effort to reach equilibrium, i.e., an end point titration; (2) a separation of serum components of different sizes; (3) unli ...	1998	9744755
guillain-barré syndrome.	guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is viewed as a reactive, self-limited, autoimmune disease triggered by a preceding bacterial or viral infection. campylobacter jejuni, a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is the most frequent antecedent pathogen. it is likely that immune responses directed towards the infecting organisms are involved in the pathogenesis of gbs by cross-reaction with neural tissues. the infecting organism induces humoral and cellular immune responses that, because o ...	1998	9746040
contact-dependent protein secretion in porphyromonas gingivalis.	porphyromonas gingivalis can induce its uptake by host epithelial cells; however, the nature and role of the p. gingivalis molecules involved in this invasion process have yet to be determined. in this study, modulation of secreted p. gingivalis proteins following association with gingival epithelial cells was investigated. western immunoblot analysis showed that contact with epithelial cells or epithelial cell growth media induces p. gingivalis 33277 to secrete several proteins with molecular m ...	1998	9746578
characterization of group b streptococcal invasion of human chorion and amnion epithelial cells in vitro.	group b streptococci (gbs) have been cultured from the chorioamnionic membrane of pregnant women, usually in association with chorioamnionitis and premature labor (k. a. boggess, d. h. watts, s. l. hillier, m. a. krohn, t. j. benedetti, and d. a. eschenbach, obstet. gynecol. 87:779-784, 1996). colonization and infection of placental membranes can be a prelude to neonatal gbs infections even in the presence of intact membranes (r. l. naeye and e. c. peters, pediatrics 61:171-177, 1978), suggestin ...	1998	9746599
the cell cycle-specific growth-inhibitory factor produced by actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a cytolethal distending toxin.	actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been shown to produce a soluble cytotoxic factor(s) distinct from leukotoxin. we have identified in a. actinomycetemcomitans y4 a cluster of genes encoding a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). this new member of the cdt family is similar to the cdt produced by haemophilus ducreyi. the cdt from a. actinomycetemcomitans was produced in escherichia coli and was able to induce cell distension, growth arrest in g2/m phase, nucleus swelling, and chromatin fragm ...	1998	9746611
the colonization of turkeys by thermophilic campylobacters.	the rate at which five broods of turkey chicks became colonized by thermophilic campylobacters was investigated. day-old chicks were normally free of campylobacters on arrival on the farm with colonization beginning within 7 d. the carriage rate was 100% by day 14 in three of the broods and by day 21 in the other two. higher carriage rates were obtained with enrichment procedures than with direct plating. two broods were investigated over an extended interval for the number of campylobacters she ...	1998	9750294
analysis of coccal cell formation by campylobacter jejuni using continuous culture techniques, and the importance of oxidative stress.	campylobacter jejuni is an important human gastrointestinal pathogen. in hostile environments it may adapt its physiology to prolong survival, potentially including the adoption of a viable, non-culturable form and a change to coccal cell morphology. by independently controlling the individual parameters of continuous cultures of camp. jejuni (e.g. ph, nutrient limitation, growth rate, etc.), coccal cell formation was shown to be elicited only be high oxygen tension in conjunction with reduced c ...	1998	9750311
polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in artificially contaminated foods.	campylobacter jejuni was inoculated into a range of raw and ready-to-eat foods. these food samples were used as a test source for detection of this bacterium by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). specific detection of camp. jejuni, as indicated by a pcr product of 159 bp, was possible with all pre-cooked deli-sliced and raw poultry products tested. all vegetables tested were compatible with the pcr assay. cantaloupe, kiwi and pineapple tested positive while strawberries, watermelon, grapes and ...	1998	9750320
sequencing of gyrase and topoisomerase iv quinolone-resistance-determining regions of chlamydia trachomatis and characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants obtained in vitro.	the l2 reference strain of chlamydia trachomatis was exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of ofloxacin (0.5 microg/ml) and sparfloxacin (0.015 microg/ml) to select fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants. in this study, two resistant strains were isolated after four rounds of selection. the c. trachomatis mutants presented with high-level resistance to various fluoroquinolones, particularly to sparfloxacin, for which a 1,000-fold increase in the mics for the mutant strains compared to the mic for t ...	1998	9756744
gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae.	fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ...	1998	9756773
acid-sensitive enteric pathogens are protected from killing under extremely acidic conditions of ph 2.5 when they are inoculated onto certain solid food sources.	gastric acidity is recognized as the first line of defense against food-borne pathogens, and the ability of pathogens to resist this ph corresponds to their oral infective dose (id). naturally occurring and genetically engineered acid-sensitive enteric pathogens were examined for their ability to survive under acidic conditions of ph 2.5 for 2 h at 37 degreesc when inoculated onto ground beef. each of the strains displayed significantly high survival rates under these normally lethal conditions. ...	1998	9758814
physiological activity of campylobacter jejuni far below the minimal growth temperature.	the behavior of campylobacter jejuni at environmental temperatures was examined by determining the physiological activities of this human pathogen. the minimal growth temperatures were found to be 32 and 31 degrees c for strains 104 and atcc 33560, respectively. both strains exhibited a sudden decrease in growth rate from the maximum to zero within a few degrees not only near the maximal growth temperature but also near the minimal growth temperature. this could be an indication that a temperatu ...	1998	9758819
effective recovery of bacterial dna and percent-guanine-plus-cytosine-based analysis of community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens.	a dna-based, direct method for initial characterization of the total bacterial community in ileum and cecum of the chicken gastrointestinal (gi) tract was developed. the efficiencies of bacterial extraction and lysis were >95 and >99%, respectively, and therefore the dna recovered should accurately reflect the bacterial communities of the ileal and cecal digesta. total bacterial dna samples were fractionated according to their percent g+c content. the profiles reflecting the composition of the b ...	1998	9758849
use of a selective medium and a membrane filter method for isolation of campylobacter species from spanish paediatric patients.	a study was conducted to assess the value of a combination of two culture methods for isolation of campylobacter spp. from spanish children. seven hundred twenty-nine diarrhoeal stool specimens from 599 patients were examined for campylobacter spp. by culturing them on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and on blood agar with a membrane filter. one hundred sixteen campylobacter strains were isolated from a total of 108 specimens; 75 (64.6%) were campylobacter jejuni, 32 (27.5%) were campylo ...	1998	9764551
iron-responsive gene regulation in a campylobacter jejuni fur mutant.	the expression of iron-regulated systems in gram-negative bacteria is generally controlled by the fur protein, which represses the transcription of iron-regulated promoters by using fe2+ as a cofactor. mutational analysis of the campylobacter jejuni fur gene was carried out by generation of a set of mutant copies of fur which had a kanamycin or chloramphenicol resistance gene introduced into the regions encoding the n and c termini of the fur protein. the mutated genes were recombined into the c ...	1998	9765558
characterization and gene sequencing of a 19-kda periplasmic protein of campylobacter jejuni/coli.	in order to study a 19-kda protein (p19) of campylobacter jejuni, we purified this protein to homogeneity from c. jejuni strain 81,176 by anion exchange chromatography. the molecular weight of the native protein is 19,000 daltons. p19 was found to be acidic with an isoelectric point of 4.8 and was located in the periplasmic space of the bacteria. the 20 n-terminal amino acids were sequenced and no significant similarities with known proteins were shown. a monoclonal antibody showed that p19 is c ...	1998	9766213
[perinatal campylobacter jejuni infection after cesarean section].	a 23 year old woman was admitted for delivery after having experienced a few episodes of loose stools. following an unsuccessful vacuum-extraction, a caesarean section was performed 12 hours after the membranes had ruptured. thirty-six hours after the operation, the woman developed fever, and campylobacter jejuni was isolated from her blood. subsequently, campylobacter was also recovered from the faeces of both mother and child. though it is likely, that the campylobacter was introduced to the u ...	1998	9771060
campylobacter jejuni as a cause of traveler's diarrhea: clinical features and antimicrobial susceptibility.	traveler's diarrhea is the most common health problem of international travelers. although enterotoxigenic escherichia coli seems to be the most frequent cause of traveler's diarrhea, many other microorganisms, such as campylobacter jejuni, may cause this infectious disease. campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading cause of enteritis in humans both in developing and in developed countries. however, a few reports on the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. as a caus ...	1998	9772312
diarrhea in returning austrian tourists: epidemiology, etiology, and cost-analyses.	between 1995 and 1997, stool samples of 322 austrian tourists returning from abroad with diarrhea were examined for bacteria, parasites and viruses.	1998	9772320
use of the bact/alert blood culture system for culture of sterile body fluids other than blood.	studies have demonstrated that large-volume culture methods for sterile body fluids other than blood increase recovery compared to traditional plated-medium methods. bact/alert is a fully automated blood culture system for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. in this study, we compared culture in bact/alert standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles, bact/alert fan aerobic and fan anaerobic bottles, and culture on routine media for six specimen types, i.e., continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysate ( ...	1998	9774578
detection of point mutations associated with resistance of helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin by hybridization in liquid phase.	when the standard procedure for determining antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria is used, the results are delayed, especially for bacteria that grow slowly, such as helicobacter pylori. treatment for this bacterium may involve clarithromycin, a compound for which resistance has been associated with point mutations on the 23s rrna gene. this resistance is currently found in organisms isolated from 0 to 15% of patients and jeopardizes the success of the treatment. we have designed a test involvin ...	1998	9774580
antibodies against helicobacter pylori were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients with guillain-barré syndrome.	we examined the antibodies against helicobacter pylori proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 7 patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). crude h. pylori antigens, fractionated heat shock protein (hsp), and urease b (ub) from h. pylori antigens were separated by sds-page. with western blot analysis, four of seven csf samples had several igg antibodies against h. pylori proteins, including hsp and ub. no cross reactivity against campylobacter jejuni was observed. these antibodies may be ...	1998	9778269
a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of thermophilic campylobacter spp.	a novel method was developed for the detection of thermophilic enteropathogenic campylobacters based on the detection of mrna using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the rna extraction method, dnase treatment and rt-pcr assay were shown to be specific for mrna. the assay is specific for the thermophilic campylobacters campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter upsaliensis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the 256 bp amplif ...	1998	9778457
molecular mimicry in campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides and the development of guillain-barré syndrome.		1998	9780289
[rapd typing of campylobacter jejuni and comparison with lior's or penner's serotyping system].	campylobacter jejuni were isolated from 7 epidemic outbreaks (121 isolates), 15 patients with gastroenteritis, chicken meats (47 isolates) and chicken cecal contents (70 isolates). the isolates and one standard strain of c. jejuni jcm2013 were analysed by randomly amplified polymorphic dna method (rapd). total of 254 c. jejuni isolates were divided 68 different rapd types which included strains that did not to divided by lior's or penner's serotyping system. to compare the similarities of rapd p ...	1998	9780736
the spectrum of antecedent infections in guillain-barré syndrome: a case-control study.	to determine which antecedent infections are specifically associated with the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs).	1998	9781538
deletion of the major proteolytic site of the helicobacter pylori cytotoxin does not influence toxin activity but favors assembly of the toxin into hexameric structures.	the helicobacter pylori cytotoxin is proteolytically cleaved at a flexible hydrophilic loop into two subunits. deletion of the loop sequences had no effect on biological activity of the toxin in the hela cell vacuolation assay but favored the organization of the protein into hexameric rather than heptameric structures.	1998	9784571
diversity in protein synthesis and viability of helicobacter pylori coccoid forms in response to various stimuli.	the viability of the coccoid forms of helicobacter pylori was evaluated by assessing protein synthesis. metabolic labeling studies showed the synthesis of proteins and the specific protein profiles of h. pylori coccoids produced under various conditions. harsh conditions such as aerobiosis and starvation (lack of horse serum) in the culture did not affect the synthesis of proteins in the coccoids. lowering of the ph to that of gastric secretions induced expression of several proteins in the cocc ...	1998	9784573
[clinical utility of measurement for anti-gm1 and anti-gq1b antibodies].	gangliosides, important constituents of the plasma membrane, are particularly abundant in the nervous system. some patients develop guillain-barré syndrome after the administration of bovine brain gangliosides. we previously showed existence of molecular mimicry between gm1 ganglioside and lipopolysaccharide of campylobacter jejuni isolated from the patients with guillain-barré syndrome, and that between gq1b and c. jejuni isolated from fisher's syndrome patients. moreover, the anti-ganglioside ...	1998	9789308
rrna stability in heat-killed and uv-irradiated enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli o157:h7.	differentiation of viable cells from nonviable cells is of considerable importance in the development of methods to detect foodborne pathogens. to study the suitability of 16s rrna as an indicator of cell viability in nucleic acid-based detection assays, we examined rrna stability in two representative foodborne pathogens, escherichia coli o157:h7 and enterotoxigenic staphylococcus aureus, which were inactivated by extreme heat, moderate heat, and uv irradiation. cell death under all conditions ...	1998	9797275
antagonistic activity against helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo by the human lactobacillus acidophilus strain lb.	the purpose of the present study was to examine the activity of the human lactobacillus acidophilus strain lb, which secretes an antibacterial substance(s) against helicobacter pylori in vitro and in vivo. the spent culture supernatant (scs) of the strain lb (lb-scs) dramatically decreased the viability of h. pylori in vitro independent of ph and lactic acid levels. adhesion of h. pylori to the cultured human mucosecreting ht29-mtx cells decreased in parallel with the viability of h. pylori. in ...	1998	9797324
anxiogenic effect of subclinical bacterial infection in mice in the absence of overt immune activation.	challenge of animals with infectious microorganisms is well documented to affect a number of behavioral measures through activation of immune-neural mechanisms. in the present study, the ability of an infectious microorganism to directly alter behavioral responses in the absence of an overt immunologic response was examined. eight-week-old cf-1 male mice were infected orally with the gram-negative pathogen campylobacter jejuni in order to establish a subclinical infection that did not result in ...	1998	9811366
identification and characterization of the fis operon in enteric bacteria.	the small dna binding protein fis is involved in several different biological processes in escherichia coli. it has been shown to stimulate dna inversion reactions mediated by the hin family of recombinases, stimulate integration and excision of phage lambda genome, regulate the transcription of several different genes including those of stable rna operons, and regulate the initiation of dna replication at oric. fis has also been isolated from salmonella typhimurium, and the genomic sequence of ...	1998	9811652
physical and genetic map of the pasteurella multocida a:1 chromosome.	a physical and genetic map of the pasteurella multocida a:1 genome was generated by using the restriction enzymes apai, ceui, and noti. the positions of 23 restriction sites and 32 genes, including 5 rrn operons, were localized on the 2.35-mbp single circular chromosome. this report presents the first genetic and physical map for this genus.	1998	9811669
application of conductance techniques to the detection of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in river water.	a study of basal medal identified campylobacter enrichment broth, with (ceb+) and without (ceb) antibiotic supplement, as a suitable medium for the detection and enumeration of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli and c. lari within aqueous samples via conductance methodology. despite apparent differences in conductivity profiles between species in the presence of antibiotics, no significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected between detection times for each species tested. ceb+ was successfully empl ...	1998	9812369
water-borne campylobacter jejuni infection in a danish town---a 6-week continuous source outbreak.	objective: to determine the cause and characteristics of illness of a campylobacter jejuni outbreak in denmark in 1995--96. methods: a retrospective follow-up study was designed for culture-confirmed cases and for residents without a bacteriologic diagnosis. stored clinical and environmental isolates were analyzed by serotyping and genotyping with restriction endonuclease analysis (rea), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and ribotyping. results: campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 110 r ...	1998	11864264
anti-ganglioside antibody and neuropathy: review of our research.	some patients developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after the administration of bovine gangliosides. patients with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have igg antibody to gm1 ganglioside. fisher's syndrome (fs), a variant of gbs, is associated with igg antibody to gq1b ganglioside. we showed the existence of molecular mimicry between gm1 and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of c. jejuni isolated from a gbs patient, and that between gq1b and c. jejuni lpss from fs patients. sev ...	1998	10959233
characterization of campylobacter spp. using restriction fragment length polymorphism and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	twenty four campylobacter jejuni and coli isolates obtained from egyptian children were characterized using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of flagellin genes and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell and glycine-extracted proteins. the isolates were found to fall into nine polymorphism groups, eight of which were reported previously in egypt but one group displayed by 3 isolates represented a new group that was not reported before. furthermore, the relative prevalence ...	1998	17249207
serological evidence for infection with campylobacter jejuni/coli in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy.	campylobacter jejuni/coli (cjc) infection has been implicated in the immunopathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), and miller fisher syndrome (mfs). however, its role in chronic immune mediated neuropathies such as multifocal motor neuropathy (mmn) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (cidp) is less clear. anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with chronic motor neuropathies such as mmn and igm anti-gm1, and igm anti-asial ...	1998	18644284
effect of temperature on adhesion of vibrio strain ak-1 to oculina patagonica and on coral bleaching.	laboratory aquarium experiments demonstrated that vibrio strain ak-1 caused rapid and extensive bleaching of the coral oculina patagonica at 29 degrees c, slower and less-complete bleaching at 23 degrees c, and no bleaching at 16 degrees c. at 29 degrees c, the application of approximately 100 vibrio strain ak-1 cells directly onto the coral caused 50 and 83% bleaching after 10 and 20 days, respectively. at 16 degrees c, there was no bleaching, even with an initial inoculum of 1.2 x 10 bacteria. ...	1998	16349542
short-sequence dna repeats in prokaryotic genomes.	short-sequence dna repeat (ssr) loci can be identified in all eukaryotic and many prokaryotic genomes. these loci harbor short or long stretches of repeated nucleotide sequence motifs. dna sequence motifs in a single locus can be identical and/or heterogeneous. ssrs are encountered in many different branches of the prokaryote kingdom. they are found in genes encoding products as diverse as microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and specific bacterial virulence factors ...	1998	9618442
incidental finding of myxobolus spores (protozoa: myxozoa) in stool samples from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.	myxozoan spores were detected in fecal samples from three patients presenting with abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. the spores were identical to those of myxobolus plectroplites, a previously described pathogen from the freshwater fish plectroplites ambiguus. all patients had recently eaten fish caught from local waters, and frozen fillets of such fish were found to be infected with m. plectroplites cysts. the passage of spores unchanged through the alimentary tract suggests they were incidental ...	1998	9817910
inflammatory bowel disease: definition, epidemiology, etiologic aspects, and immunogenetic studies.		1998	11819343
communication behaviours in a hospital setting: an observational study.	an exploratory study to identify patterns of communication behaviour among hospital based healthcare workers.	1998	9522794
carbon load in aquatic ecosystems affects the diversity and biomass of water biofilm consortia and the persistence of the pathogen campylobacter jejuni within them.	the influence of carbon load on autochthonous water microflora population distribution and diversity, and on the persistence of campylobacter jejuni, was examined with a two-stage aquatic biofilm model. serine was chosen since it is a carbon source utilised by c. jejuni and concentrations were chosen to reflect upper limits of amino acid load reported in surface water. the total viable count of the autochthonous biofilm microflora increased with increasing serine concentration (10-fold and 20-fo ...	1998	21182705
some emerging food and water borne pathogens.	emerging pathogens are those infective organisms whose incidence has recently increased or is likely to increase during the next two decades due to changes in demography, food habits, food technology, commerce, water sources and environmental factors. some important emerging food and water borne bacterial pathogens include listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli o157: h7, vibrio cholerae biotype e1 tor serotype 0139, vibrio ...	1999	10810592
efficacy and potential clinical applications of pentaglobin, an igm-enriched immunoglobulin concentrate suitable for intravenous infusion.	characterisation of the antibodies against important human pathogens in two immunoglobulin preparations: intraglobin f and igm-enriched pentaglobin.	1999	10890227