Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| an o-methyltransferase is required for infection of tick cells by anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), is an obligately intracellular α-proteobacterium that is transmitted by ixodes spp ticks. however, the pathogen is not transovarially transmitted between tick generations and therefore needs to survive in both a mammalian host and the arthropod vector to complete its life cycle. to adapt to different environments, pathogens rely on differential gene expression as well as the modification of proteins and othe ... | 2015 | 26544981 |
| whole-genome sequence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjoprajitno strain norma, isolated from cattle in a leptospirosis outbreak in brazil. | leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus leptospira spp. this neglected re-emergent disease has global distribution and relevance in veterinary production. here, we report the whole-genome sequence and annotation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjoprajitno strain norma, isolated from cattle in a livestock leptospirosis outbreak in brazil. | 2015 | 26543126 |
| lipid a as a drug target and therapeutic molecule. | in this review, lipid a, from its discovery to recent findings, is presented as a drug target and therapeutic molecule. first, the biosynthetic pathway for lipid a, the raetz pathway, serves as a good drug target for antibiotic development. several assay methods used to screen for inhibitors of lipid a synthesis will be presented, and some of the promising lead compounds will be described. second, utilization of lipid a biosynthetic pathways by various bacterial species can generate modified lip ... | 2015 | 26535075 |
| comparative analysis of lipopolysaccharides of pathogenic and intermediately pathogenic leptospira species. | lipopolysaccharides (lps) are complex, amphipathic biomolecules that constitute the major surface component of gram-negative bacteria. leptospira, unlike other human-pathogenic spirochetes, produce lps, which is fundamental to the taxonomy of the genus, involved in host-adaption and also the target of diagnostic antibodies. despite its significance, little is known of leptospira lps composition and carbohydrate structure among different serovars. | 2015 | 26518696 |
| fine mapping of the interaction between c4b-binding protein and outer membrane proteins liga and ligb of pathogenic leptospira interrogans. | the complement system consists of more than 40 proteins that participate in the inflammatory response and in pathogen killing. complement inhibitors are necessary to avoid the excessive consumption and activation of this system on host cells. leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by spirochetes from the genus leptospira. pathogenic leptospires are able to escape from complement activation by binding to host complement inhibitors factor h [fh] and c4b-binding protein (c4bp) while non-patho ... | 2015 | 26517116 |
| characterization of leptospira interrogans serovars by polymorphism variable number tandem repeat analysis. | leptospirosis is recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease; therefore, understanding the epidemiology of the disease is vital for designing intervention programs and diminishing its transmission. recently, multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) is used for segregating and identifying leptospira serovars. the method has potential application in investigating the molecular epidemiology of leptospira. | 2015 | 26568805 |
| distribution of leptospira interrogans by multispacer sequence typing in urban norway rats (rattus norvegicus): a survey in france in 2011-2013. | urban leptospirosis has increasingly been reported in both developing and developed countries. the control of the disease is limited because our understanding of basic aspects of the epidemiology, including the transmission routes of leptospires among rat populations, remains incomplete. through the ability to distinguish among leptospira strains in rats, multispacer sequence typing (mst) could provide a modern understanding of leptospira epidemiology; however, to our knowledge, the distribution ... | 2015 | 26447693 |
| mouse model for sublethal leptospira interrogans infection. | although leptospira can infect a wide range of mammalian species, most studies have been conducted in golden syrian hamsters, a species particularly sensitive to acute disease. chronic disease has been well characterized in the rat, one of the natural reservoir hosts. studies in another asymptomatic reservoir host, the mouse, have occasionally been done and have limited infection to mice younger than 6 weeks of age. we analyzed the outcome of sublethal infection of c3h/hej mice older than age 10 ... | 2015 | 26416909 |
| evaluation of truncated lipl32 expressed by escherichia coli and pichia pastoris for serodiagnosis of leptospira infection in rodents. | the applicability of the recombinant lipl32 for serodiagnosis of leptospiral infection in field rodents was assessed in this study. an immunodominant region of lipl32 was determined by monoclonal antibodies, and then, truncated lipl32 (tlipl32) was designed to contain the region (87-188th amino acid). the tlipl32 was compared between two recombinant expression hosts escherichia coli and pichia pastoris in elisa. with field rat sera, tlipl32 expressed by p. pastoris (tlipl32p) had high antigenici ... | 2015 | 26412049 |
| evaluation of truncated lipl32 expressed by escherichia coli and pichia pastoris for serodiagnosis of leptospira infection in rodents. | the applicability of the recombinant lipl32 for serodiagnosis of leptospiral infection in field rodents was assessed in this study. an immunodominant region of lipl32 was determined by monoclonal antibodies, and then, truncated lipl32 (tlipl32) was designed to contain the region (87-188th amino acid). the tlipl32 was compared between two recombinant expression hosts escherichia coli and pichia pastoris in elisa. with field rat sera, tlipl32 expressed by p. pastoris (tlipl32p) had high antigenici ... | 2015 | 26412049 |
| next-generation sequencing (ngs) for assessment of microbial water quality: current progress, challenges, and future opportunities. | water quality is an emergent property of a complex system comprised of interacting microbial populations and introduced microbial and chemical contaminants. studies leveraging next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies are providing new insights into the ecology of microbially mediated processes that influence fresh water quality such as algal blooms, contaminant biodegradation, and pathogen dissemination. in addition, sequencing methods targeting small subunit (ssu) rrna hypervariable region ... | 2015 | 26441948 |
| a novel adhesive factor contributing to the virulence of vibrio parahaemolyticus. | bacterial adhesins play a pivotal role in the tight bacteria-host cells attachment to initiate the downstream processes and bacterial infection of hosts. in this study, we identified a novel adhesin, vpadf in v. parahaemolyticus. deletion of vpadf in v. parahaemolyticus markedly impaired its attachment and cytotoxicity to epithelial cells, as well as attenuated the virulence in murine model. biochemical studies revealed that vpadf recognized both fibronectin and fibrinogen. the binding of vpadf ... | 2015 | 26399174 |
| leptospirosis infection in a homeless patient in december in tokyo: a case report. | we report a case of severe leptospirosis that occurred during winter in tokyo, the capital of japan. leptospirosis is endemic in tropical regions and extremely rare in the urban areas of japan. only six new cases were reported in tokyo in 2014. most leptospirosis cases reported in urban areas of japan were a result of occupational hazards, and there is no previous report of leptospirosis in a homeless patient in tokyo. we believe this report could provide a widened perspective about the clinical ... | 2015 | 26373626 |
| molecular characterization of a catalase-negative staphylococcus aureus blood culture isolate. | here we report a catalase-negative methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus isolate collected from a blood culture. sequencing through the gene encoding catalase, kata, demonstrated a 2-bp insertion. the resulting frameshift mutation generates a protein that has lost 26 amino acids (aa) at its c-terminal domain. | 2015 | 26354811 |
| simultaneous host-pathogen transcriptome analysis during granulibacter bethesdensis infection of neutrophils from healthy subjects and patients with chronic granulomatous disease. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) fail to produce microbicidal concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ros) due to mutations in nox2. patients with cgd suffer from severe, life-threatening infections and inflammatory complications. granulibacter bethesdensis is an emerging gram-negative pathogen in cgd that resists killing by pmn of cgd patients (cgd pmn) and inhibits pmn apoptosis through unknown mechanisms. microarray analysis was used ... | 2015 | 26283340 |
| identification and characterization of the chromosomal yefm-yoeb toxin-antitoxin system of streptococcus suis. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are widely prevalent in the genomes of bacteria and archaea. these modules have been identified in escherichia coli and various other bacteria. however, their presence in the genome of streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen, has received little attention. in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a type ii ta system, comprising the chromosomal yefm-yoeb locus of s. suis. the yefm-yoeb locus is present in the genome of most sero ... | 2015 | 26272287 |
| complete genome sequences of low-passage virulent and high-passage avirulent variants of pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar manilae strain up-mmc-niid, originally isolated from a patient with severe leptospirosis, determined using pacbio single-molecule real-time technology. | here, we report the complete genome sequences of low-passage virulent and high-passage avirulent variants of pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar manilae strain up-mmc-niid, a major causative agent of leptospirosis. while there were no major differences between the genome sequences, the levels of base modifications were higher in the avirulent variant. | 2015 | 26272567 |
| antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing of leptospira spp. using leptospira vanaporn wuthiekanun (lvw) agar. | leptospira vanaporn wuthiekanun (lvw) agar was used to develop a disk diffusion assay for leptospira spp. ten pathogenic leptospira isolates were tested, all of which were susceptible to 17 antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, doripenem, doxycycline, gentamicin, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and tetracycline). all 10 isolates had no zone of ... | 2015 | 26055750 |
| phylogeny of the vitamin k 2,3-epoxide reductase (vkor) family and evolutionary relationship to the disulfide bond formation protein b (dsbb) family. | in humans and other vertebrate animals, vitamin k 2,3-epoxide reductase (vkor) family enzymes are the gatekeepers between nutritionally acquired k vitamins and the vitamin k cycle responsible for posttranslational modifications that confer biological activity upon vitamin k-dependent proteins with crucial roles in hemostasis, bone development and homeostasis, hormonal carbohydrate regulation and fertility. we report a phylogenetic analysis of the vkor family that identifies five major clades. co ... | 2015 | 26230708 |
| protective immunity and reduced renal colonization induced by vaccines containing recombinant leptospira interrogans outer membrane proteins and flagellin adjuvant. | leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by different leptospira species, such as leptospira interrogans, that colonize the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals. thus far, attempts to develop effective leptospirosis vaccines, both for humans and animals, have failed to induce immune responses capable of conferring protection and simultaneously preventing renal colonization. in this study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by subunit vaccines containing seven different r ... | 2015 | 26108285 |
| tissue apoptosis in mice infected with leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. | this investigation aimed to evaluate the occurrence of some apoptotic features induced by leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection in young balb/c mice during 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi). | 2015 | 26221123 |
| 'spotted nanoflowers': gold-seeded zinc oxide nanohybrid for selective bio-capture. | hybrid gold nanostructures seeded into nanotextured zinc oxide (zno) nanoflowers (nfs) were created for novel biosensing applications. the selected 'spotted nfs' had a 30-nm-thick gold nanoparticle (aunp) layer, chosen from a range of aunp thicknesses, sputtered onto the surface. the generated nanohybrids, characterized by morphological, physical and structural analyses, were uniformly aunp-seeded onto the zno nfs with an average length of 2-3 μm. selective capture of molecular probes onto the s ... | 2015 | 26178973 |
| reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections. | 2015 | 25897046 | |
| growth-regulating mycobacterium tuberculosis vapc-mt4 toxin is an isoacceptor-specific trnase. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are implicated in the downregulation of bacterial cell growth associated with stress survival and latent tuberculosis infection, yet the activities and intracellular targets of these ta toxins are largely uncharacterized. here, we use a specialized rna-seq approach to identify targets of a mycobacterium tuberculosis vapc ta toxin, vapc-mt4 (also known as vapc4), which have eluded detection using conventional approaches. distinct from the one other characterized vapc ... | 2015 | 26158745 |
| use of a new high resolution melting method for genotyping pathogenic leptospira spp. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in tropical areas, such as reunion island. the species leptospira interrogans is the primary agent in human infections, but other pathogenic species, such as l. kirschner and l. borgpetersenii, are also associated with human leptospirosis. | 2015 | 26154161 |
| comparison of bacterial burden and cytokine gene expression in golden hamsters in early phase of infection with two different strains of leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection with worldwide prevalence, is caused by pathogenic spirochaetes of leptospira spp., and exhibits an extremely broad clinical spectrum in human patients. although previous studies indicated that specific serovars or genotypes of leptospira spp. were associated with severe leptospirosis or its outbreak, the mechanism underlying the difference in virulence of the various leptospira serotypes or genotypes remains unclear. the present study addresses this question ... | 2015 | 26146835 |
| therapeutic developments targeting toll-like receptor-4-mediated neuroinflammation. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to play an important role in the immune system, which warrants study of their remarkable potential as pharmacological targets. activation of tlrs requires participation from specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and accessory proteins such as myeloid differentiation protein 2 (md2), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp), and cluster differentiation antigen 14 (cd14). assembly of the tlr4-md2-lps complex is essential in tlr4 activati ... | 2015 | 26136385 |
| therapeutic developments targeting toll-like receptor-4-mediated neuroinflammation. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to play an important role in the immune system, which warrants study of their remarkable potential as pharmacological targets. activation of tlrs requires participation from specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and accessory proteins such as myeloid differentiation protein 2 (md2), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp), and cluster differentiation antigen 14 (cd14). assembly of the tlr4-md2-lps complex is essential in tlr4 activati ... | 2015 | 26136385 |
| towards high-throughput immunomics for infectious diseases: use of next-generation peptide microarrays for rapid discovery and mapping of antigenic determinants. | complete characterization of antibody specificities associated to natural infections is expected to provide a rich source of serologic biomarkers with potential applications in molecular diagnosis, follow-up of chemotherapeutic treatments, and prioritization of targets for vaccine development. here, we developed a highly-multiplexed platform based on next-generation high-density peptide microarrays to map these specificities in chagas disease, an exemplar of a human infectious disease caused by ... | 2015 | 25922409 |
| complete genome sequence of leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava, strain pigk151. | leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava infection occurs in multiple domestic and wildlife species and is associated with poor reproductive performance in swine and horses. we present the complete genome assembly of strain pigk151 comprising two chromosomes, ci (4.457 mbp) and cii (358 kbp). | 2015 | 26112787 |
| acquired fanconi syndrome in a dog exposed to jerky treats in japan. | a 6-year-old spayed female jack russell terrier presented with a 1-month history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and weight loss. the dog was fed beef and chicken jerky treats daily in addition to a commercial diet. laboratory tests revealed azotemia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis and glucosuria with normoglycemia. urine amino acid analysis showed significant amino acid loss into the urine. thus, fanconi syndrome was diagnosed, and based on the case history and extensive diagno ... | 2015 | 26062568 |
| patterns in leptospira shedding in norway rats (rattus norvegicus) from brazilian slum communities at high risk of disease transmission. | we address some critical but unknown parameters of individuals and populations of norway rats (rattus norvegicus) that influence leptospiral infection, maintenance and spirochetal loads shed in urine, which contaminates the environment ultimately leading to human infection. | 2015 | 26047009 |
| synthesis, characterization and immunological properties of escherichia coli 0157:h7 lipopolysaccharide- diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. | escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging pathogen, causes severe enteritis and the extraintestinal complication of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the goal of this study was to evaluate the conjugate of e. coli o157: h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps) with diphtheria toxoid (dt) as a candidate vaccine in mice model. | 2015 | 26668702 |
| environmental factors influencing white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) exposure to livestock pathogens in wisconsin. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are commonly exposed to disease agents that affect livestock but environmental factors that predispose deer to exposure are unknown for many pathogens. we trapped deer during winter months on two study areas (northern forest and eastern farmland) in wisconsin from 2010 to 2013. deer were tested for exposure to six serovars of leptospira interrogans (grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, bratislava, pomona, and hardjo), bovine viral diarrhea viru ... | 2015 | 26030150 |
| the characterization of feces and urine: a review of the literature to inform advanced treatment technology. | the safe disposal of human excreta is of paramount importance for the health and welfare of populations living in low income countries as well as the prevention of pollution to the surrounding environment. on-site sanitation (oss) systems are the most numerous means of treating excreta in low income countries, these facilities aim at treating human waste at source and can provide a hygienic and affordable method of waste disposal. however, current oss systems need improvement and require further ... | 2015 | 26246784 |
| immunogenicity of a novel enhanced consensus dna vaccine encoding the leptospiral protein lipl45. | leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by an infection with a spirochete belonging to the genus leptospira. in animals, leptospirosis displays a wide range of pathologies, including fever, abortion, icterus, and uveitis. conversely, infection in humans is associated with multi-organ injury, resulting in an increased rate of fatalities. pathogenic leptospires are able to translocate through cell monolayers at a rate significantly greater than that of non-pathogenic leptospires. thus ... | 2015 | 26020621 |
| a 2-d guinea pig lung proteome map. | guinea pigs represent an important model for a number of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary diseases. the guinea pig genome has recently been sequenced to full coverage, opening up new research avenues using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics techniques in this species. in order to further annotate the guinea pig genome and to facilitate future pulmonary proteomics in this species we constructed a 2-d guinea pig proteome map including 486 protein identifications and post translational ... | 2015 | 26217778 |
| structure and biophysical characterization of the s-adenosylmethionine-dependent o-methyltransferase pamth1, a putative enzyme accumulating during senescence of podospora anserina. | low levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) act as important signaling molecules, but in excess they can damage biomolecules. ros regulation is therefore of key importance. several polyphenols in general and flavonoids in particular have the potential to generate hydroxyl radicals, the most hazardous among all ros. however, the generation of a hydroxyl radical and subsequent ros formation can be prevented by methylation of the hydroxyl group of the flavonoids. o-methylation is performed by o-met ... | 2015 | 25979334 |
| cytochromes c in archaea: distribution, maturation, cell architecture, and the special case of ignicoccus hospitalis. | cytochromes c (cytc) are widespread electron transfer proteins and important enzymes in the global nitrogen and sulfur cycles. the distribution of cytc in more than 300 archaeal proteomes deduced from sequence was analyzed with computational methods including pattern and similarity searches, secondary and tertiary structure prediction. two hundred and fifty-eight predicted cytc (with single, double, or multiple heme c attachment sites) were found in some but not all species of the desulfurococca ... | 2015 | 26029183 |
| dot-elisa rapid test using recombinant 56-kda protein antigens for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus. | we developed a rapid dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) using the combination of recombinant 56-kda protein antigens that exhibited broad reactivity with serum antibodies against the four most prevalent strains (karp, kato, gilliam, and ta763) of orientia tsutsugamushi. the assay is rapid (30 minutes), and can be done at room temperature, and results can be read by the naked eye. only a simple shaker is required to wash the membrane. sera from 338 patients suspected of being ill w ... | 2015 | 25802430 |
| prevalence of endemic pig-associated zoonoses in southeast asia: a review of findings from the lao people's democratic republic. | the increasing intensification of pork production in southeast asia necessitates an urgent requirement to better understand the dual impact of pig-associated zoonotic disease on both pig production and human health in the region. sharing porous borders with five countries and representing many regional ethnicities and agricultural practices, the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) appears well placed to gauge the levels of pig-associated zoonoses circulating in the wider region. despite t ... | 2015 | 25802431 |
| structures of bacteroides fragilis uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (bflpxa). | uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (lpxa) catalyzes a reversible reaction for adding an o-acyl group to the glcnac in udp-glcnac in the first step of lipid a biosynthesis. lipid a constitutes a major component of lipopolysaccharides, also referred to as endotoxins, which form the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. ligand-free and udp-glcnac-bound crystal structures of lpxa from bacteroides fragilis nctc 9343, the most common path ... | 2015 | 25945572 |
| evaluation of cell binding activities of leptospira ecm adhesins. | pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection that occurs globally. the bacteria colonize the renal proximal tubules of many animals and are shed in the urine. contact with the urine, or with water contaminated with the urine of infected animals can cause infection of new host animals, including humans. mechanisms of colonization of the proximal tubule and other tissues are not known, but specific interactions between bacterial adh ... | 2015 | 25875373 |
| predominant leptospiral serogroups circulating among humans, livestock and wildlife in katavi-rukwa ecosystem, tanzania. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and a serious, under-reported public health problem, particularly in rural areas of tanzania. in the katavi-rukwa ecosystem, humans, livestock and wildlife live in close proximity, which exposes them to the risk of a number of zoonotic infectious diseases, including leptospirosis. | 2015 | 25806825 |
| bacterial transfer rnas. | transfer rna is an essential adapter molecule that is found across all three domains of life. the primary role of transfer rna resides in its critical involvement in the accurate translation of messenger rna codons during protein synthesis and, therefore, ultimately in the determination of cellular gene expression. this review aims to bring together the results of intensive investigations into the synthesis, maturation, modification, aminoacylation, editing and recycling of bacterial transfer rn ... | 2015 | 25796611 |
| proteomic analysis of urine exosomes reveals renal tubule response to leptospiral colonization in experimentally infected rats. | infectious leptospira colonize the kidneys of reservoir (e.g. rats) and accidental hosts such as humans. the renal response to persistent leptospiral colonization, as measured by urinary protein biosignatures, has not been systematically studied. urinary exosomes--bioactive membrane-bound nanovesicles--contain cell-state specific cargo that additively reflect formation all along the nephron. we hypothesized that leptospira-infection will alter the content of urine exosomes, and further, that the ... | 2015 | 25793258 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjoprajitno from a calf with clinical leptospirosis in chile. | although leptospira isolation has been reported in chilean cattle, only serological evidence of serovar hardjo bovis infection has been routinely reported. the present report provides characterization of the pathological presentation and etiology of a clinical case of leptospirosis in a calf from the los rios region in chile. | 2015 | 25888965 |
| novel type ii and monomeric nad+ specific isocitrate dehydrogenases: phylogenetic affinity, enzymatic characterization, and evolutionary implication. | nad(+) use is an ancestral trait of isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh), and the nadp(+) phenotype arose through evolution as an ancient adaptation event. however, no nad(+)-specific idhs have been found among type ii idhs and monomeric idhs. in this study, novel type ii homodimeric nad-idhs from ostreococcus lucimarinus cce9901 idh (olidh) and micromonas sp. rcc299 (miidh), and novel monomeric nad-idhs from campylobacter sp. fobrc14 idh (caidh) and campylobacter curvus (ccidh) were reported for the ... | 2015 | 25775177 |
| making proteomics data accessible and reusable: current state of proteomics databases and repositories. | compared to other data-intensive disciplines such as genomics, public deposition and storage of ms-based proteomics, data are still less developed due to, among other reasons, the inherent complexity of the data and the variety of data types and experimental workflows. in order to address this need, several public repositories for ms proteomics experiments have been developed, each with different purposes in mind. the most established resources are the global proteome machine database (gpmdb), p ... | 2015 | 25158685 |
| novel adenovirus detected in captive bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) suffering from self-limiting gastroenteritis. | adenoviruses are common pathogens in vertebrates, including humans. in marine mammals, adenovirus has been associated with fatal hepatitis in sea lions. however, only in rare cases have adenoviruses been detected in cetaceans, where no clear correlation was found between presence of the virus and disease status. | 2015 | 25888777 |
| cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in lao people's democratic republic. | pig rearing is an important income source in the lao people's democratic republic (pdr), with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems. despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses, information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking. this review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in southeast asia: ... | 2015 | 25973203 |
| isolation and molecular identification of mycoplasma equigenitalium from equine genital tracts in northern india. | although mycoplasma equigenitalium has been implicated in equine reproductive problems, its prevalence is largely unexplored due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. to address this limitation, the authors developed and optimized species-specific primer pairs that target m. eguigenitalium rpob (rna polymerase b subunit) gene sequences. the specificity of the pcr assay developed in this study was determined using 12 field isolates including the type strain of m. equigenitalium and other myco ... | 2015 | 27175172 |
| new wildlife hosts of leptospira interrogans in campeche, mexico. | leptospira interrogans has been identified to cause leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease that has been identified in domestic and wild animals. this work analyzed kidneys from two species of wild rodents from the state of campeche, mexico. analyses were made by pcr using specific primers for detection of leptospira interrogans dna. the rodent species that tested positive were heteromys gaumeri and ototylomys phyllotis, both of which are new hosts for the bacteria in southeastern mexico. ... | 2015 | 25923901 |
| aluminium in allergies and allergen immunotherapy. | aluminium is a hot topic in the current debate. exposure occurs due to environmental, dietary and intentional exposure to aluminium, such as in vaccines where it was introduced in 1926. in spite of the fact that it is a typical th2 adjuvant, aluminium redirects the immune response in systemic allergen immunotherapy (sit) upon prolonged immunization. sit in the us, and slit in general, are at present non-adjuvanted therapies, but in europe aluminium is used as adjuvant in most sit preparations. i ... | 2015 | 25780491 |
| analysis of paracoccidioides secreted proteins reveals fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a plasminogen-binding protein. | despite being important thermal dimorphic fungi causing paracoccidioidomycosis, the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the genus paracoccidioides remain largely unknown. microbial pathogens express molecules that can interact with human plasminogen, a protein from blood plasma, which presents fibrinolytic activity when activated into plasmin. additionally, plasmin exhibits the ability of degrading extracellular matrix components, favoring the pathogen spread to deeper tissues. previous work fro ... | 2015 | 25888027 |
| neutrophils in host defense: new insights from zebrafish. | neutrophils are highly motile phagocytic cells that play a critical role in the immune response to infection. zebrafish (danio rerio) are increasingly used to study neutrophil function and host-pathogen interactions. the generation of transgenic zebrafish lines with fluorescently labeled leukocytes has made it possible to visualize the neutrophil response to infection in real time by use of optically transparent zebrafish larvae. in addition, the genetic tractability of zebrafish has allowed for ... | 2015 | 25717145 |
| seroprevalence of brucella abortus and leptospira hardjo in cattle. | the aim was to assess the seroprevalence of b. abortus and leptospira hardjo in the cattle population of bihar, this work was carried out. | 2015 | 27047076 |
| orientia, rickettsia, and leptospira pathogens as causes of cns infections in laos: a prospective study. | scrub typhus (caused by orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (caused by rickettsia typhi), and leptospirosis are common causes of febrile illness in asia; meningitis and meningoencephalitis are severe complications. however, scarce data exist for the burden of these pathogens in patients with cns disease in endemic countries. laos is representative of vast economically poor rural areas in asia with little medical information to guide public health policy. we assessed whether these pathogens ar ... | 2015 | 25617190 |
| the use of halloysite clay and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes for recombinant lipl32 antigen delivery enhanced the igg response. | we studied the feasibility of using halloysite clay nanotubes (hnts) and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cooh-mwcnts) as antigen carriers to improve immune responses against a recombinant lipl32 protein (rlipl32). immunisation using the hnts or cooh-mwcnts significantly increased the rlipl32-specific igg antibody titres (p < 0.05) of golden syrian hamsters. none of the vaccines tested conferred protection against a challenge using a virulent leptospira interrogans strain. ... | 2015 | 25742273 |
| multiple circulating infections can mimic the early stages of viral hemorrhagic fevers and possible human exposure to filoviruses in sierra leone prior to the 2014 outbreak. | lassa fever (lf) is a severe viral hemorrhagic fever caused by lassa virus (lasv). the lf program at the kenema government hospital (kgh) in eastern sierra leone currently provides diagnostic services and clinical care for more than 500 suspected lf cases per year. nearly two-thirds of suspected lf patients presenting to the lf ward test negative for either lasv antigen or anti-lasv immunoglobulin m (igm), and therefore are considered to have a non-lassa febrile illness (nlfi). the nlfi patients ... | 2015 | 25531344 |
| interaction between leptospiral lipopolysaccharide and toll-like receptor 2 in pig fibroblast cell line, and inhibitory effect of antibody against leptospiral lipopolysaccharide on interaction. | leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (l-lps) has shown potency in activating toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in pig fibroblasts (pefs_ncc1), and causes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. however, the stimulation by l-lps was weak eliciting the function of tlr2 sufficiently in pig innate immunity responses during leptospira infection. in this study, the immune response of pig embryonic fibroblast cell line (pefs_sv40) was investigated and was found to be the high immune response, thus tlr2 is the ... | 2015 | 25557825 |
| a new regulatory mechanism for bacterial lipoic acid synthesis. | lipoic acid, an essential enzyme cofactor, is required in three domains of life. in the past 60 years since its discovery, most of the pathway for lipoic acid synthesis and metabolism has been elucidated. however, genetic control of lipoic acid synthesis remains unclear. here, we report integrative evidence that bacterial camp-dependent signaling is linked to lipoic acid synthesis in shewanella species, the certain of unique marine-borne bacteria with special ability of metal reduction. physiolo ... | 2015 | 25611823 |
| detection of mycobacteria, mycobacterium avium subspecies, and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by a novel tetraplex real-time pcr assay. | mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium, and many other nontuberculous mycobacteria are worldwide distributed microorganisms of major medical and veterinary importance. considering the growing epidemiologic significance of wildlife-livestock-human interrelation, developing rapid detection tools of high specificity and sensitivity is vital to assess their presence and accelerate the process of diagnosing mycobacteriosis. here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel t ... | 2015 | 25588660 |
| risk of infection and associated influenza-like disease among abattoir workers due to two leptospira species. | the aims of this study were to determine the annual incidence of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and/or leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo and its association with influenza-like illness (ili) in meat workers in new zealand. sera were collected twice, 50-61 weeks apart, from 592 workers at eight abattoirs slaughtering sheep (n = 4), cattle (n = 2) and deer (n = 2), and tested by the microscopic agglutination test for hardjo and pomona. forty-nine (8·3%) participants ei ... | 2015 | 25266854 |
| shedding and seroprevalence of pathogenic leptospira spp. in sheep and cattle at a new zealand abattoir. | a cross-sectional study was carried out on sheep and cattle slaughtered at a new zealand abattoir from september to november 2010 to investigate the supplier-specific shedding rate, renal carriage rate and seroprevalence of leptospires. in the 2008/2009 season, this abattoir experienced three human leptospirosis cases from 20 staff, of which two were hospitalized. urine, kidney and blood samples were collected from carcasses of 399 sheep (six suppliers, 17 slaughter lines) and 146 cattle (three ... | 2015 | 25043226 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of leptospira interrogans and leptospira borgpetersenii isolated from small feral and wild mammals in east asia. | leptospira spp. are the causative agents of a worldwide zoonosis, leptospirosis, maintained by various mammals. each leptospira serovar is frequently associated with a particular maintenance host, and recently, leptospira genotype-host association has also been suggested to limit serovars to restricted areas. we investigated the molecular characteristics of l. interrogans and l. borgpetersenii which were isolated from small feral and wild animals in four east asian states using multiple-locus va ... | 2015 | 26296603 |
| risk factors for new infection with leptospira in meat workers in new zealand. | to evaluate risk factors for new infection with leptospira interrogans sv pomona and leptospira borgpetersenii sv hardjo in meat workers. | 2015 | 25520373 |
| severe leptospirosis complicated by epstein-barr virus reactivation. | weil's disease is a severe, potentially fatal illness following leptospira interrogans infection. the reported case of a patient suffering from acute renal failure, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, rhabdomyolysis and encephalitis syndrome highlights the clinical challenge in reference to weil syndrome complicated by epstein-barr virus (ebv) reactivation. | 2015 | 25987479 |
| serologic survey and results of urinary pcr testing for leptospirosis in captive black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus). | leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease occurring clinically and subclinically in humans and a wide variety of mammal species worldwide. often, rodents and wild animals are identified as important reservoirs for the disease. twenty-two captive black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) housed within a zoo were examined as part of a routine census and preventive medicine program. during examinations, blood and urine were collected to screen for exposure to, or infection with, leptosp ... | 2015 | 26667541 |
| seroprevalence of nine leptospira interrogans serovars in wild carnivores, ungulates, and primates from a zoo population in a metropolitan region of chile. | serum samples from 130 individuals representing 42 species of carnivores, ungulates, and primates from a population of captive mammals in metropolitan region in chile were tested for antibodies against nine serovars of leptospira interrogans using the microscopic agglutination test. ten percent of the animals were seropositive to one or more serovars. seroprevalence was significantly higher in ungulates (20.4%) compared to carnivores (3.8%) and primates (3.4%). there were no significant differen ... | 2015 | 26667533 |
| usage of a selective media (emjh-staff) in primary culturing of pathogenic leptospires from bovine clinical samples. | isolation of local strains is mandatory for the success of control programs. however, clinical samples are typically contaminated by other bacteria, which impair leptospires growth. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a previously reported emjh-staff media in the recovery of pathogenic leptospires from bovine clinical samples, namely urine (n = 123) and vaginal fluid-vf (n = 102). emjh-staff presented less contamination than emjh (<0·005), which was more evident in vf culture tu ... | 2015 | 26408270 |
| molecular studies on european equine isolates of leptospira interrogans serovars bratislava and muenchen. | strains of leptospira interrogans belonging to two very closely related serovars – bratislava and muenchen – are known to cause widespread infection of the horse population in many parts of the world. conventional serological typing of isolates has been unable to differentiate between wildlife, pig, dog and possibly horse maintained isolates and therefore has been unable to provide further insight into their diversity and the relationship between them. twenty-one such european isolates of serova ... | 2015 | 26165505 |
| molecular characterization of leptospira sp by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) from clinical samples: a case report. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection for which diagnosis is difficult. it has appeared as a global emerging infectious disease over recent years. genotype determination often requires a leptospira strain obtained by culture, which is a long and fastidious technique. a method based on multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) to determine the genotype of leptospira interrogans, performed directly on blood or urine samples, is proposed. this method was applied to a fatal case of le ... | 2015 | 26159846 |
| phenotypic and molecular characterization of leptospira interrogans isolated from canis familiaris in southern brazil. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes from the genus leptospira, which includes 20 species and more than 300 serovars. canines are important hosts of pathogenic leptospires and can transmit the pathogen to humans via infected urine. here, we report the phenotypic and molecular characterization of leptospira interrogans isolated from canis familiaris in southern brazil. the isolated strain was characterized by variable-number tandem-repeats analysis as l. interrogan ... | 2015 | 26100241 |
| structural characterization of a novel subfamily of leucine-rich repeat proteins from the human pathogen leptospira interrogans. | pathogenic leptospira spp. are the agents of leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease. analyses of leptospira genomes have shown that the pathogenic leptospires (but not the saprophytes) possess a large number of genes encoding proteins containing leucine-rich repeat (lrr) domains. in other pathogenic bacteria, proteins with lrr domains have been shown to be involved in mediating host-cell attachment and invasion, but their functions remain unknown in leptospira. to gain insight into the pote ... | 2015 | 26057675 |
| factors associated with fetal losses in ewe lambs on a new zealand sheep farm. | as part of a production study of ewe lambs on a large farm in the waikato region of new zealand in 2011, pregnancy diagnosis was undertaken twice by trans-abdominal ultrasonography at 68-103 and 97-132 days of gestation. at the second pregnancy diagnosis 257/3,790 (6.8%) ewe lambs had evidence of non-viable fetuses or absence of a pregnancy that was present at the previous pregnancy diagnosis (fetal loss). | 2015 | 25980526 |
| immunological and molecular characterization of leptospira interrogans isolated from a bovine foetus. | cattle are commonly infected with pathogenic leptospires, and similarly to rodents, they excrete the bacteria in their urine and can transmit the pathogen from animal to animal or animal to human. thus, surveillance and monitoring systems for detection of new leptospira serovars are important for the control of leptospirosis. here, we report the isolation of a spirochete from a stillborn bovine foetus and its characterization by immunological and molecular techniques. a variable number tandem re ... | 2015 | 25976319 |
| [the cytotoxic effect and the effect of permeability with ompa like protein loa22 from leptospira interrogans serovar]. | to study the toxic effect and the change of permeability on human umbilical vein endothelia (huve) of the loa22 protein from virulent serovar lai. leptaspira interrogans by expressing its protein. | 2015 | 25924423 |
| the usefulness of semi-solid medium in the isolation of highly virulent leptospira strains from wild rats in an urban area of fukuoka, japan. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis. the importance of urban leptospirosis is recognized in japan: urban rats carry pathogenic leptospires and people acquire these pathogens through contact with surface water or soil contaminated by the urine of the infected animals. to determine the current leptospira carriage rate in urban rats, 29 wild rats were trapped in the central area of fukuoka and strains isolated from their kidneys and urine analyzed. when semi-solid korthof's medium containing 0.1% ... | 2015 | 25890990 |
| leptospirosis in an urban setting: cases diagnosed at a private medical center of western colombia, 2008-2012. | leptospirosis has reemerged as significant threat particularly in developing countries, including those in latin america. data from colombia is still limited and there are no published studies in the western area of the country. | 2015 | 25873099 |
| leptospira interrogans reduces fibrin clot formation by modulating human thrombin activity via exosite i. | pathogenic bacteria of the genus leptospira are the etiological agents of leptospirosis, a disease that affects humans and animals worldwide. although there are an increasing number of studies on the biology of leptospira, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are not yet understood. we report in this work that leptospira interrogans fiocruz l1-130 virulent, m20 culture attenuated and the saprophyte l. biflexa patoc 1 strains do not bind prothrombin. leptospiral binding to thrombin was detected with th ... | 2015 | 25834144 |
| a rare case of leptospirosis with isolated lung involvement. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by a pathogenic spirochete "leptospira interrogans." severe form of leprospira infection is usually associated with jaundice and renal involvement, leading to major hemorrhagic complications. lung involvement can vary from subtle clinical features to deadly pulmonary hemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). we recently managed a case of leptospirosis with isolated lung involvement as alveolar hemorrhage and ards. our patient had acute febrile ... | 2015 | 25810615 |
| [adrian stokes and 'trench jaundice']. | on the day that great britain declared war on germany in 1914, the irish physician and bacteriologist adrian stokes travelled to london to volunteer. one week later he left for france with the first british troops as an officer with the royal army medical corps. he spent most of the first world war attached to no. 1 mobile bacteriological laboratory at the remy siding british-canadian field hospital in flanders. in april 1916, he was confronted with an outbreak of trench jaundice, also known as ... | 2015 | 25804113 |
| highly pathogenic leptospira found in urban brown rats (rattus norvegicus) in the largest cities of sweden. | leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis of global concern; however, its contemporary occurrence in sweden, a european country partly located north of the arctic circle, is poorly known. four out of 30 brown rats, captured within urban districts in sweden, were found to be positive for antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. this serovar causes weil's disease in humans, a severe infection with jaundice, renal failure, and hemorrhage. our study is the first finding of this ... | 2015 | 26579782 |
| characterization of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona isolated from swine in brazil. | leptospira interrogans swine infection is a cause of serious economic loss and a potential human health hazard. in brazil, the most common serovars associated with swine infections are pomona, icterohaemorrhagie and tarassovi. cross-reactions among serovars and the failure of infected animals to seroconvert may complicate the interpretation of serological tests. molecular methods with better discriminatory powers are useful tools for swine leptospirosis characterization and diagnosis. | 2015 | 26517479 |
| solution structure of leptospiral liga4 big domain. | pathogenic leptospiraspecies express immunoglobulin-like proteins which serve as adhesins to bind to the extracellular matrices of host cells. leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein a (liga), a surface exposed protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial immunoglobulin-like (big) domains, has been proved to be involved in the interaction of pathogenic leptospira with mammalian host. in this study, the solution structure of the fourth big domain of liga (liga4 big domain) from leptospira inter ... | 2015 | 26449456 |
| effect of exposure to neospora caninum, salmonella, and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo on the economic performance of irish dairy herds. | the objective of the current study was to quantify the effects of exposure to salmonella, neospora caninum, and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (l. hardjo) on dairy farm profitability and to simulate the effect of vaccination for salmonella and l. hardjo on dairy farm profitability. the production effects associated with exposure to each of these pathogens in study herds were defined under 3 categories: (1) milk production effects, (2) reproduction effects (including culling), and (3) mort ... | 2015 | 25704967 |
| antibodies to leptospira interrogans in goats and risk factors of the disease in santa catarina (west side), brazil. | leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium leptospira spp. in goats, the productive impact of leptospirosis is not well known and totally unknown in santa catarina (sc), brazil. this study aimed to investigate leptospirosis seroprevalence and its risk factors in goats in the west side of sc. a total of 654 blood samples were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination technique and 35.47% (232) of the animals were seropositives. except for serogroup autumnalis, positive samp ... | 2015 | 25687815 |
| gene inactivation of a chemotaxis operon in the pathogen leptospira interrogans. | chemotaxis may have an important role in the infection process of pathogenic leptospira spp.; however, little is known about the regulation of flagellar-based motility in these atypical bacteria. we generated a library of random transposon mutants of the pathogen l. interrogans, which included a mutant with insertion in the first gene of an operon containing the chemotaxis genes chea, chew, ched, cheb, chey and mcp. the disrupted gene encodes a putative histidine kinase (hk). the hk mutant was m ... | 2015 | 25673662 |
| the use of halloysite clay and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes for recombinant lipl32 antigen delivery enhanced the igg response. | we studied the feasibility of using halloysite clay nanotubes (hnts) and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cooh-mwcnts) as antigen carriers to improve immune responses against a recombinant lipl32 protein (rlipl32). immunisation using the hnts or cooh-mwcnts significantly increased the rlipl32-specific igg antibody titres (p < 0.05) of golden syrian hamsters. none of the vaccines tested conferred protection against a challenge using a virulent leptospira interrogans strain. ... | 2015 | 25626458 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with within-flock transmission of leptospira interrogans in transhumant farming systems in mexico. | a number of recent reports emphasize the risk of zoonotic diseases and the high degree of prevalence of asymptomatic animals infected with leptospira interrogans. this report sought to assess the prevalence of antibodies to certain serovars of l. interrogans, and to describe the association between seropositivity and risk factors associated with within-flock transmission in a mountainous region of mexico. overall seroprevalence to l. interrogans was 54·5% (95% confidence interval 48·3-60·7); the ... | 2015 | 25600318 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and clinical characterization of leptospira interrogans canine isolates. | canine leptospirosis occurs worldwide; however, information on the relationship between leptospira serotypes/genotypes and virulence in dogs remains limited. we investigated the molecular characteristics of leptospira interrogans canine isolates belonging to three serogroups using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) and the effects of each serotype/genotype on the clinical characteristics of leptospirosis in dogs. mlva using 11 loci of the three major l. interrogans sero ... | 2015 | 25596122 |
| [leptospirosis and thrombocytopenia]. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the spirochete leptospira interrogans. the spectrum of symptoms reported in leptospirosis is extremely broad. thrombocytopenia is common during the acute phase of leptospirosis but its pathophysiological mechanism remains not well defined. | 2015 | 25467300 |
| solution structure of a bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain of the outer membrane protein (ligb) from leptospira. | leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins are surface proteins expressed in pathogenic strains of leptospira. ligb, an outer membrane protein containing tandem repeats of bacterial ig-like (big) domains and a no-repeat tail, has been identified as a virulence factor involved in adhesion of pathogenic leptospira interrogans to host cells. a big domain of ligb, ligbcen2r, was reported previously to bind the gbd domain of fibronectin, suggesting its important role in leptospiral infections. in ... | 2015 | 25393078 |
| risk factors associated with prevalence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans in a metapopulation of black-tailed prairie dogs in mexico. | interest in the study of infectious diseases of wildlife has grown in recent decades and now focuses on understanding host-parasite dynamics and factors involved in disease occurrence. the black-tailed prairie dog (cynomys ludovicianus) is a useful species for this type of investigation because it lives in heterogeneous landscapes where human activities take place, and its populations are structured as a metapopulation. our goal was to determine if colony area, density, and proximity to human se ... | 2015 | 25380365 |
| chpk and mazf of the toxin-antitoxin modules are involved in the virulence of leptospira interrogans during infection. | pathogenic leptospira species are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a global zoonotic infectious disease. toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules have been confirmed as stress-response elements that induce prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-growth arrest or death, but their role in the virulence of leptospira has not been reported. here, we confirmed that all the tested leptospiral strains had the chpik and mazef ta modules with highly-conserved sequences. the transcription and expression of the chpi, ch ... | 2015 | 25461800 |
| travel-related leptospirosis in japan: a report on a series of five imported cases diagnosed at the national center for global health and medicine. | leptospirosis is one of the most common travel-related infections. we report 5 cases of travel-related leptospirosis who presented at our clinic between january 2008 and december 2013. patients were included in the study if they presented with a clinical profile that was compatible with the disease within 21 days of their return from traveling, which were laboratory-diagnosed as leptospirosis by blood culture, rise in antibody titers in paired sera using the microscopic agglutination test (mat), ... | 2015 | 25459082 |
| comparative subproteome analysis of three representative leptospira interrogans vaccine strains reveals cross-reactive antigens and novel virulence determinants. | pathogenic leptospira spp. causes leptospirosis in china and throughout the world. here, we have sequenced two l. interrogans moderately virulent vaccine strains jdl03 (serovar canicola) and jdl10 (serovar hebdomadis) used in china. we selected a subproteomic approach to identify surface-exposed proteins including omps and extracellular proteins of these two strains plus a highly virulent vaccine strain 56601 (serovar lai). comparative surface-exposed proteome among the three strains indicated 8 ... | 2015 | 25201075 |
| erratum to: a novel octavalent combined erysipelas, parvo and leptospira vaccine provides (cross) protection against infection following challenge of pigs with 9 different leptospira interrogans serovars. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1186/s40813-015-0011-0.]. | 2015 | 28409569 |
| a novel octavalent combined erysipelas, parvo and leptospira vaccine provides (cross) protection against infection following challenge of pigs with 9 different leptospira interrogans serovars. | in the present study the efficacy and cross protection of a novel ready-to-use combination vaccine, porcilis® ery + parvo + lepto, against swine leptospirosis, was investigated. the octavalent vaccine contains inactivated antigens of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, parvovirus and 6 leptospira interrogans sensu lato strains of serogroups canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, australis (bratislava), pomona and tarassovi. in this study ninety pigs were vaccinated twice with porcilis® ery + pa ... | 2015 | 28405422 |