Publications

distribution of borrelia burgdorferi specific antibody among patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in korea.	lyme disease, a multi-systemic infection occurring worldwide, has yet to be reported in korea, although the spirochete b. burgdorferi, known as the causative organism of the disease, has recently been isolated from the vector tick ixodes persulcatus in the region. to contribute to revealing whether lyme disease exists in korea or not, b. burgdorferi specific antibodies (igg, igm, and/or iga) were measured by three individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) utilizing different antigens ...	1993	8179828
serologic evidence of canine and equine ehrlichiosis in northeastern united states.	in a retrospective study, indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods were used to detect immunoglobulins to ehrlichia canis and ehrlichia risticii in canine and equine sera that had originally been analyzed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. analyses of 60 dog serum specimens collected in connecticut and new york state during 1986 revealed antibodies to e. canis in 7 (11.7%) specimens; titration endpoints ranged from 1:40 to 1:320. three of these dogs had anemia. of the 187 equine serum ...	1993	8263167
genomic fingerprinting of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	a total of 46 borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates that were isolated from patients with lyme borreliosis and infected animals or were extracted from ticks of the genus ixodes were analyzed. large restriction fragment patterns obtained after cleavage of genomic dnas with mlui were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). to eliminate the contribution of plasmid dna, only fragments greater than 70 kb were used for the analysis. the results indicated that each of the 14 b. burgdorf ...	1993	8263170
accelerated transmission of lyme disease spirochetes by partially fed vector ticks.	to determine how rapidly lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) can be transmitted by partially fed vector ticks (ixodes dammini), attached nymphs were removed from their hosts at various intervals post-attachment and subsequently permitted to re-feed to repletion on noninfected mice. we confirm previous reports that ticks deposit lyme disease spirochetes in the skin of their hosts mainly after 2 days of attachment. those that have been removed from a host within this interval can reatt ...	1993	8263171
neurologic complications of lyme disease.	lyme disease is now the most frequent vector-borne infection in the united states. it is due to a spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, which is inoculated into the host by the bite of an infected ixodes (hard body) tick. the nervous system is frequently involved in clinical infections, with characteristic central and peripheral nervous system syndromes. the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic lyme disease, however, can pose certain problems. lyme disease should be included in the differential dia ...	1993	8265833
plasmid modifications in a tick-borne pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi, cocultured with tick cells.	we describe an in vitro system that will facilitate molecular analysis of the association between lyme disease spirochetes and vector cells. we cocultured borrelia burgdorferi continuously with two tick cell lines, rae25 (from rhipicephalus appendiculatus) and ide8 (from ixodes scapularis). a clone isolated after twenty-two passages with rae25 cells had lost the largest (49 kb) plasmid, and probes containing information normally encoded on it, including genes for two surface proteins, hybridized ...	1993	8269098
reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) and lyme disease risk by deer exclusion.	the effect of deer exclosures upon the numbers of immature ixodes scapularis say, the vector of lyme disease in the eastern united states, was examined at five sites in westchester county, ny. study areas ranged in size from 6 to 101 ha where deer had been excluded for a period of 25 yr by > 2.4-m-high fencing that surrounded each site. a total area of 40,506 m2 was drag-sampled during the study to measure tick abundance. nymphal densities (ticks per 1,000 m2) averaged 4.6 (range, 1.3-9.6) insid ...	1993	8271246
reduced abundance of ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) with exclusion of deer by electric fencing.	to assess the effect of deer exclusion on populations of ixodes scapularis say (formerly i. dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) in the northeastern united states, host-seeking ticks and ticks on white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were monitored inside and outside a wooded, residential deer exclosure (approximately 3.5 ha) in lyme, ct, in 1991 and 1992. another deer exclosure was added in lyme (approximately 7.4 ha) during 1992. additional sample sites at other residen ...	1993	8271257
recombinant immunoblot in the serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis. comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a recombinant immunoblot was developed for detection of igm and igg antibodies in patients with lyme borreliosis. the recombinant antigens were the chromosomal-encoded borrelia burgdorferi proteins p100, the flagellin and an internal flagellin fragment thereof as well as the plasmid-encoded outer surface proteins a (ospa) and c (ospc). a panel of 144 sera from patients with lyme borreliosis (erythema migrans, n = 31; neuroborreliosis state ii, n = 60; lyme arthritis, n = 24 and acrodermatitis ch ...	1993	8283961
[tick bite and lyme borreliosis. an epidemiologic study in the erlangen area].	lyme borreliosis is transmitted by tick bites. approximately every fifth local tick (ixodes ricinus) is infected. transmission, therefore does not occur with every bite, and disease doesn't always follow infection. the goal of the study was to investigate the risks of infection and disease after tick bites in the area of erlangen/germany.	1993	8283994
[lyme disease. report of a case observed in brazil].	lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by ixodid tick bite. the geographic distribution of the disease is universal, but the disease has not been identified definitely in south america yet. we report a probable case of lyme disease in a woman, living in jagůaré slum (são paulo), who showed characteristics skin lesions of erythema chronicum migrans, with fever, weakness, headache, muscular pain, cough, arthralgia and sensitive radicular neuropa ...	1993	8284588
clinical manifestations and antibody prevalence of lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in sweden: a study in five endemic areas close to stockholm.	five populations, including 903 individuals living in 5 different areas close to stockholm, were studied with regard to clinical manifestations and antibody prevalence of lyme borreliosis (lb) and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe). the study areas involved 4 groups of islands in the baltic sea and 1 island in lake mälaren. serum samples from each individual were tested for antibody activity to borrelia burgdorferi using a sonicated whole spirochete antigen in an elisa, and to tbe-virus (tbev) by eli ...	1993	8284644
antibody prevalence and clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in swedish orienteers.	antibody prevalence and clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis (lb) and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) were studied in 362 orienteers from the county of stockholm during a large relay race in october 1990. from all participating orienteers, a blood sample was collected and a questionnaire completed. antibody activity to borrelia burgdorferi was measured using a sonicated whole spirochete antigen in an elisa, and to tbe virus (tbev) by elisa and haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. a past ...	1993	8284645
optimization of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi in biologic specimens.	this study describes the use of a newly constructed set of primers that amplifies an 85-base pair (bp) segment of borrelia burgdorferi chromosomal dna. this 85-bp product is not produced when other borrelia species, leptospira, or other bacteria are subjected to polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we also describe a rapid method of optimizing the amplification of b. burgdorferi dna from canine ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated blood and urine samples that circumvents some of the problems enco ...	1993	8286453
current understanding of borrelia burgdorferi infection, with emphasis on its prevention in dogs.		1993	8288471
[neurological manifestations of lyme disease].	lyme's disease, transmitted by borrelia burgdorferi (bb), is a polymorphic and multisystemic illness. its neurological manifestations are encountered in 10-50% of cases and occur in the acute disseminated stage as well as in the late stage. this article initially reviews the principal clinical pictures of the neuroborreliosis and distinguishes them from neurological disorders whose association with bb infection is not proven. the paper then discusses the relative usefulness of the different anci ...	1993	8272713
[demyelinating involvement in borrelian neuropathies].	five patients (4 men, 1 woman, aged 51-67), were hospitalized for peripheral painful neuropathies. the serological survey and the dramatic responses to penicillin confirmed the responsibility of borrelia burgdorferi in all 5 cases. electromyographical studies showed evidence of demyelination: prolonged distal latency, slowing down of nerve conduction velocity. in 3 patients this pattern was related to axonal degeneration as shown by fibrillation potentials and reduced voluntary motor unit potent ...	1993	8272726
[demonstration of intrathecal antibody formation against borrelia burgdorferi in lyme neuroborreliosis].	neurologic complications are common in lyme borreliosis. in adults in particular, detection of intrathecally formed antibodies to b. burgdorferi is a decisive diagnostic criterion. as in neurosyphilis diagnosis, the specific antibody titer against b. burgdorferi in the csf is compared with the serum titer by calculating the specific antibody indices, taking into account the disturbed blood/csf barrier. deriving from these specific indices, we adapt by dilution the serum igg level to that in the ...	1993	8272804
[prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi serum antibodies in 651 patients with predominantly neurologic diseases].	an analysis was undertaken to the records of 651 patients (median age 51 years, range 1-91; 334 male and 317 female patients), who were admitted for various reasons to the department of neurology and psychosomatics of the county hospital in villach (kärnten, austria), over the period of one year. the clinical diagnoses were mostly neurological and psychiatric (n = 599), involving 25 different conditions. other diagnoses (n = 52) comprised a group of 13 various conditions. sera of all these patie ...	1993	8273357
[infective pathogens as a possible etiology of idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis].	a prospective clinical study was carried out from 1988 until 1990 on 38 consecutive patients with bell's palsy at the neurological department of innsbruck university hospital. the age range was between 16 and 88 years, the female:male ratio was 18:20. serological methods were employed to study the impact of infectious agents on the aetiology of this disease. 11 out of 38 cases (= 29%) were probably infectious in origin, whereby 6 cases were due to borrelia burgdorferi, 4 to varicella zoster viru ...	1993	8273359
public awareness of lyme disease in obstetric, pediatric, and student settings in northwestern connecticut.	the purpose of this study has been to survey the attitudes and understandings of lyme disease by pregnant women, mothers, and ninth-grade students in northwestern connecticut. a sample of 100 obstetrical patients from two private obstetric offices, 100 mothers from four private pediatric offices, and 200 students from four secondary schools was asked to complete a 15 question survey about lyme disease. in all groups, the responses indicated some misconceptions or a lack of knowledge about the ma ...	1993	8275686
molecular detection of borrelia burgdorferi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lesions of lyme disease.	a system for the detection of a borrelia burgdorferi (bb)-specific gene segment in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin lesions is described. a nested polymerase chain reaction technique is used to selectively amplify in vitro a short segment of a bb-specific gene recently described by rosa et al. (j infect dis 1989: 160: 1018). the design of oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of a relatively short gene segment allows the successful analysis of dna which has been altered by fixation ...	1993	8300922
[multiple mononeuritis and cerebral meningo-arteritis. wegener disease or lyme disease?].	the pathogenic mechanisms underlying lyme disease remain uncertain but an increasing number of reports suggest a vascular inflammatory process. on the other hand, the so-called systemic vasculitides, even though they remain of pathological definition, have recently been characterized by the presence, in the serum, of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca). we report on a patient, finally diagnosed as having neuroborreliosis, who presented initially with multiple mononeuropathy, anca, vasc ...	1993	8303161
atypical bilateral symmetric erosive chronic polyarthritis in the course of lyme disease.		1993	8307052
serodiagnosis in early lyme disease.	using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and an immunoblot assay (ib), we tested sera from 100 patients with erythema migrans (em) seen in 1991 a the westchester county medical center lyme disease diagnostic center. convalescent-phase sera were available from 59 patients. fifty-five patients had em of < 7 days' duration, 31 had em of 7 to 14 days' duration, and 14 had em of > 14 days' duration. during the acute phase of infection, 35 patients had a positive elisa ...	1993	8308100
distribution and molecular analysis of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, isolated from ticks throughout california.	previous studies describing the occurrence and molecular characteristics of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi, from california have been restricted primarily to isolates obtained from the north coastal region of this large and ecologically diverse state. our objective was to look for and examine b. burdorferi organisms isolated from ixodes pacificus ticks collected from numerous regions spanning most parts of california where this tick is found. thirty-one isolates of b. burgdorferi ...	1993	8308101
[lyme disease: cutaneous involvement and treatment of the initial phases].	lyme disease is a tick-transmitted infectious disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi. the clinical spectrum includes manifestations in the skin, heart, joints and nervous system. in brazil no case has been reported with laboratorial confirmation. we report a suspect case with clinical and laboratorial findings in a young woman who developed cutaneous manifestations. she recovered after tetracycline treatment. the usual manifestations and the treatment of early stage of the illness are discussed.	1993	8281202
molecular characterization of the p100 gene of borrelia burgdorferi strain pko.	the p100 gene coding for the p100 protein of borrelia burgdorferi strain pko has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in escherichia coli. an open reading frame including upstream and downstream sequences with potential translation and transcription signals could be identified. the reading frame consists of 1989 nucleotides corresponding to a protein of 663 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 75.8 kda. the protein has a leader peptide and is processed without modification at the n-ter ...	1993	8282192
peripheral facial palsy: antibody levels to borrelia in serum and csf.	serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi antigen were determined in 71 consecutive patients with an acute peripheral facial palsy. the study was conducted for one year in a south western coastal region in sweden. twenty-one per cent of the patients had significantly elevated serum levels of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi antigen. csf was examined in 13 of the sero-positive patients. in three of these (23%) borrelia antibodies were found. another five patients had a pathological protein and c ...	1993	8877212
protective immunity in lyme borreliosis.	lyme disease, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne illness in the usa. although early infection can be treated with antibiotics, the initial diagnosis is difficult and late disease may be recalcitrant to therapy. a vaccine against lyme disease is therefore needed, and murine models of lyme borreliosis have facilitated its development. in this review, erol fikrig, fred kantor, stephen barthold and richard flavell focus on the use of borrelia surface antig ...	1993	15463734
serological studies on the infection of dogs in ontario with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease.	a serological study was undertaken to determine whether dogs in ontario are being exposed to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease. this study consisted of a survey of randomly selected dogs and testing of diagnostic submissions from candidate lyme disease cases. the survey of 1,095 dogs, bled between january 1988 and august 1989, revealed a total of 65 (5.9%) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) reactors, of which 22 had immuno-fluorescent antibody assay (ifa) titers ...	1993	17424284
tetracyclines-extending the atypical spectrum.	the main features and the present position of tetracyclines are reviewed. the mechanism of their action, bacterial resistance and the most recent findings are reported. their decreased use is due to the availability of new, active, better-tolerated antibiotics. however, tetracyclines still have a place in the treatment of chlamydial and rickettsial infections, brucellosis and lyme disease. in respiratory infections, they can be employed when necessary in infections caused by chlamydia psittaci, ...	1993	18611577
minocycline in lyme disease.		1993	8425959
lyme disease redux: the legacy of sven hellerstrom.		1993	8424277
the ocular manifestations of lyme disease.	lyme disease (with its ocular manifestations) is a worldwide disorder that is rapidly increasing in frequency. it is a treatable, multisystemic disease that presents in three stages of severity. it can present with unusual forms of conjunctivitis, keratitis, cranial nerve palsies, optic nerve disease, uveitis, vitritis, and other forms of posterior segment inflammatory disease. a patient with any of these ocular manifestations should be questioned for exposure to an area endemic for lyme disease ...	1993	8349429
lyme disease.		1993	8337773
[therapy of lyme disease].	lyme borreliosis is manifested as a multisystemic disease, depending on the clinical picture and severity of the illness in acute, subacute and chronic form. the disease evolves in three stages. a choice of therapy, route of administration and duration of treatment depend on the stage of the disease. the treatment of lyme disease requires the use of antibiotics. the current antimicrobial therapy is successfully performed with the following antibiotics from icn galenika assortment. natural penici ...	1993	8262421
[clinico-laboratory diagnosis of lyme borreliosis--personal experience].	between may 1992 and february (second half) 1993 two hundred patients with the history of tick bite have been examined at the institute for infectious and tropical diseases "dr kosta todorović". of the above 200 persons, 103 of them have had clinical/epidemiological evidence of lyme disease (i.e. erythema migrans). in order to establish the degree of seroconversion in this stage of lyme disease, blood of each patient has been tested by pha and ifa methods. blood from each patient has been drawn ...	1993	8262419
[modern therapy of lyme disease].	the treatment of lyme disease is placed in the centre of more than one medical discipline. so far the efficacy of antibiotic therapy application showed various results. the results of the treatment of two groups of the patients with lyme disease were presented in the paper. the first group of twenty two patients was treated three weeks by the regime i, and the second group of nine patients was treated eight weeks by the regime ii. during 3-year follow up 50% of the patients from the first group ...	1993	8262418
[the role of echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiac damage in lyme disease].	lyme disease is an infectious, multisystem disease involving the skin, heart, joints, and nervous system. with its ability to assess cardiac anatomy, chamber sizes and myocardial and valvular function, echocardiography is a powerful noninvasive tool to investigate possible cardiac involvement in this disorder. we studied by echocardiography 15 patients, (6 women and 9 men, mean age 28.5 years, range 17 to 42) with clinical and electrocardiographic changes compatible with acute myocarditis or myo ...	1993	8262416
[lyme carditis--case report].	a patient with lyme-disease manifested by circulatory disorders of complete av block and ventricle disorder of rhythm was presented. besides cardiologic symptoms during the period of illness, transitory skin and neurologic symptoms appeared. the patient has not been treated by antibiotic therapy and after a year no late symptoms of illness appeared.	1993	8262415
[rhombencephalitis as a manifestation of neuroborreliosis].	rhombencephalitis is a rare neurological manifestation of stage ii of lyme disease. we presented two cases with no recollection of tick bite nor erythema migrans and with cranial nerve nuclei, pyramidal tract and cerebellar tracts involvement of sudden onset, inflammatory syndrome in cerebrospinal liquor, positive oligoclonal bands and elevated igg index. a spontaneous remission occurred in both cases, but antibiotic was given intravenously for prevention of relapses and disease progression.	1993	8262414
[clinical manifestations of lyme disease in pediatric neurology].	the most important characteristics of lyme disease in childhood age are presented. difficulties in diagnostics and the most important possibilities in differential diagnosis are stressed. it is believed that some cases of lyme disease remain unrecognized as the result of poor knowledge about the disease--a not unexpected fact considering that lyme disease is described only in the newest editions of pediatric neurology.	1993	8262412
[the clinical picture of lyme disease in neurology].	neuroborreliosis of central and peripheral nervous system was found in 24 patients with typical and atypical clinical syndromes. information about tick bite was obtained in only 1/3 of our patients. specific antibodies were found in 3/4 by flourescent antibody test, oligoclonal bands in 1/2, and signs of inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid in 1/3 of patients. the majority had favourable reaction to antibiotic therapy. it is necessary to investigate every case of suspected neuroborreliosis becaus ...	1993	8262408
[epidemiologic characteristics and serologic findings in erythema migrans].	our three-year research covered 417 patients with erythema migrans, of both sexes and all age groups. among them 87.3% had a history of tick bite. average attachment of tick to a patients skin was two days. diameter of erythematous lesions was 1-50 cm (with an average of 15.1 cm). magnitude of the lesion does not correlate with the further development of the lyme disease. ifa test detected antibodies against borreliae burgdorferi in 27.0% of our patients.	1993	8262406
[lyme disease in dermatology practice].	the authors studied a group of 77 patients with erythema migrans. they were treated at the city institute for skin and venereal disease in belgrade, over a five-year period (1988-1992). a tick bite at the site where erythema migrans later appeared was recalled by 44 (57.1%) of the patients. the interval between tick bite and erythema migrans varied from 1 to 45 days. the indirect if test was seropositive in 11.6% of the erythema migrans patients. in the present study the authors emphasize the im ...	1993	8262404
[clinical characteristics of patients with lyme disease treated at the institute for infective and tropical diseases 1988-1992].	in the institute for infectious and tropical diseases in belgrade in the period 1988-1992, 680 patients with lyme borreliosis have been examined. in most cases illness was recognised in the first stage as erythema migrans. in seven patients second and third stage of lyme borreliosis was cured in hospital.	1993	8262398
[investigational methods in lyme disease].	after the first clinical case of lyme disease had been recorded in belgrade in 1987 a multi-level research of the disease was undertaken in our country. the research was organized on the team basis and was systematized. ever since the beginning epidemiological method has been applied. professional approach was provided by guidelines, while methods and research stages have been provided and further developed during seminars and symposiums dealing with lyme disease. research team was comprised of ...	1993	8262396
lyme disease.		1993	8261770
[diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease in children. a letter from the canadian society of pediatrics].		1993	8165122
[monoarthritis of the knee disclosing lyme disease].		1993	8141517
[a probable case of lyme disease contracted in mozambique].	this report deals with the first probably autochthonous case of lyme disease occurred in mozambique. the authors review the epidemiology of lyme disease in tropical africa.	1993	8124102
[the peripheral neuromotor apparatus of patients with tick-borne neuroborreliosis (lyme disease)].	electroneuromyography and electromyography were performed in 48 and 102 patients, respectively, with lyme disease-induced algic and amyotrophic syndromes. electromyographic and clinical findings in the regions of the tick suction correlated. multiple lesions of the nervous system may be considered as meningoencephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy as well as subclinical multiple mononeuropathy. pronounced changes in the nerve potential against minimal shifts in peripheral nervous conduction reflect infe ...	1993	8122451
[cefuroximaxetil: effective and cost effective, from respiratory tract infections to lyme disease. proceedings from the 18th international congress of chemotherapy. stockholm, 27 june-2 july 1993].		1993	7905849
[the 2nd scientific meeting "lyme disease and our experience" held 20-21 may 1993 at the serbian academy of arts and sciences].		1993	7903265
the overdiagnosis of lyme disease.		1993	8192761
the overdiagnosis of lyme disease.		1993	8133580
the overdiagnosis of lyme disease.		1993	8133579
the overdiagnosis of lyme disease.		1993	8133578
more information on preventing lyme disease.		1993	8265984
more information on preventing lyme disease.		1993	8265983
atraumatic spontaneous hemarthrosis associated with lyme arthritis. a case report.	a 20-year-old male athlete had lyme arthritis and an associated atraumatic spontaneous hemarthrosis of the knee. lyme arthritis is a common and well-documented manifestation of lyme disease, but an association with an atraumatic hemarthrosis to date has not been reported. clinical diagnosis was confirmed by serologic testing. treatment consisted of ceftriaxone, 1-g intravenous for 14 days.	1993	8242943
lyme disease: current problems in diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.		1993	8134883
treatment of asymptomatic, retrospectively diagnosed, lyme disease: comment on the report by christian.		1993	8240446
"chronic lyme disease" as the incorrect diagnosis in patients with fibromyalgia.	to evaluate a large number of patients referred with persistent symptoms thought to represent chronic lyme disease.	1993	8240427
diagnosis of lyme disease should be made on clinical grounds.		1993	8376824
lyme disease acquired in europe and presenting in conus.	lyme disease is recognized in many parts of the world, including large areas of north america, europe, asia and australia. diagnosis and treatment of the disease is essential to avoid the debilitating and potentially life-threatening long-term effects of the infection; however, many physicians may not be aware of the international scope of the disease. this is particularly important for military physicians whose patients may visit or live in endemic areas and whose activities may bring them in c ...	1993	8264931
lyme disease--1993.		1993	8004219
unexpected cardiac abnormalities in lyme disease.		1993	8401111
appropriateness of parenteral antibiotic treatment for patients with presumed lyme disease. a joint statement of the american college of rheumatology and the council of the infectious diseases society of america.		1993	8357119
empiric parenteral antibiotic treatment of patients with fibromyalgia and fatigue and a positive serologic result for lyme disease. a cost-effectiveness analysis.	to examine the cost-effectiveness of empirical, parenteral antibiotic treatment of patients with chronic fatigue and myalgia and a positive serologic result for lyme disease who lack classic manifestations.	1993	8357117
lyme disease 1991-1992.		1993	8217581
lyme disease.		1993	8414063
the progressive paralytic disorders associated with lyme disease.	the clinical disorders of b. burgdorferi infection continue to be elucidated. the neurologic disorders, especially those that produce progressive paralytic syndromes, have been reasonably well described. they frequently occur in conjunction with syndromes affecting other body systems. the appropriate use of antibiotics is usually effective in eradicating the infection. however, some individuals may have residual deficits as a result of the infectious process, even after the bacterial infection i ...	1993	8272602
lyme disease: the evolution of erythema chronicum migrans into acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.	erythema chronicum migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans are both recognized to be lesions associated with lyme disease, although they are thought to be distinct entities. in this paper, the clear evolution of erythema chronicum migrans into acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans is demonstrated.	1993	8243101
from the centers for disease control and prevention. physician reporting of lyme disease--connecticut, 1991-1992.		1993	8492391
from the centers for disease control and prevention. lyme disease--united states, 1991-1992.		1993	8492390
facial palsy in lyme disease.		1993	8479507
physician reporting of lyme disease--connecticut, 1991-1992.	although disease reporting by physicians is an essential component of public health surveillance, the extent of physician participation in reporting specific diseases is not routinely assessed. as part of an evaluation of lyme disease (ld) surveillance, the connecticut department of health services (cdhs) conducted a study to determine the number and specialty of connecticut physicians who reported ld cases in 1991 and/or 1992. this report summarizes the results of this study.	1993	8483441
lyme disease--united states, 1991-1992.	surveillance for lyme disease (ld) was initiated by cdc in 1982 (1), and in 1990, the council of state and territorial epidemiologists (cste) approved a resolution making ld nationally reportable. during 1982-1991, states reported 40,195 cases of ld. in 1992, ld accounted for more than 90% of all reported vectorborne illnesses in the united states (cdc, unpublished, 1993). this report summarizes surveillance for ld in the united states during 1991-1992.	1993	8483440
effectiveness of early lyme disease treatment.		1993	8388627
lyme disease in chile.		1993	8336300
current understanding of lyme disease.	it is now the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. but because of misdiagnosis, the spread of this disease may also be more apparent than real. lack of standardized serologic tests and varying clinical presentations do create confusion. nevertheless, it is possible to distinguish lyme disease from look-alike disorders, such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.	1993	8463365
the overdiagnosis of lyme disease.	to analyze the diagnoses, serological test results, and treatment results of the patients evaluated in a lyme disease clinic, both prior to referral and from current evaluation.	1993	8459513
treatment of lyme disease.		1993	8515702
long-term outcome of lyme disease in children given early treatment.	sixty-three patients treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy between 1985 and 1990 for physician-documented erythema migrans were identified. a telephone interview program 1 to 6 years after the initial episode of lyme disease revealed that none of the patients had evidence of carditis, arthritis, or neurologic complications attributable to lyme disease. a new episode of erythema migrans was reported in 7 (11%) of the patients 1 to 4 years after the initial episode.	1993	8463906
liver function test abnormalities in early lyme disease.	lyme disease is a widespread, tick-borne, spirochetal infection with multiple organ system involvement hepatic dysfunction has not been emphasized in the literature. we report clinical findings and laboratory abnormalities in 73 patients with the pathognomonic erythema migrans rash early in the course of the illness.	1993	8130920
lyme disease. a canadian perspective.	lyme disease is an expanding community health issue in the united states. this has led to greater public awareness in canada, although the disease remains rare here. we review the biology of ticks and show how feeding patterns are relevant to disease transmission. diagnosing lyme disease is sometimes problematic, but treatment can be effective, particularly in the early stages. preventive measures are aimed at avoiding tick contact and early tick removal.	1993	8489644
variable cutaneous manifestations of lyme disease.	lyme disease is a complex, multisystem illness that primarily affects the skin, nervous system, heart, and joints. physicians must learn to recognize the various possible presentations of the pathognomonic skin lesion to diagnosis this disease in the absence of reliable laboratory methods.	1993	8446297
from the centers for disease control and prevention. ceftriaxone-associated biliary complications of treatment of suspected disseminated lyme disease--new jersey, 1990-1992.		1993	8429594
lyme disease in military personnel.	the tick responsible for lyme disease is common in areas inhabited by deer. this should theoretically put military personnel at increased risk. a history of tick bite is uncommon and the characteristic skin rash often absent. two examples of servicemen with neurological lyme disease without cutaneous manifestations are discussed, and six other cases referred to the raf institute of pathology and tropical medicine since 1987 briefly reviewed. five of the cases contracted the disease in germany an ...	1993	8445589
cases of lyme disease reported in a military community.	lyme disease, a growing public health problem in the united states, is also an increasing threat in europe. cases identified in a military community in west germany are presented and problems of diagnosis and treatment discussed.	1993	8441494
lyme disease: testing and treatment. who should be tested and treated for lyme disease and how?	ld can mimic a number of other disease, and vice versa. it is imperative that clinicians understand ld and be able to use serologic diagnostic techniques appropriately. ld is not a diagnosis that can be made on the basis of serologic testing. by this is meant that vague symptoms plus a positive serologic test do not assure that the patient has ld. on the other hand, a patient with ecm or other manifestations of ld may still be seronegative. in addition, therapy for ld must be tailored to the cli ...	1993	8356262
ceftriaxone-associated biliary complications of treatment of suspected disseminated lyme disease--new jersey, 1990-1992.	lyme disease (ld) is endemic in monmouth and ocean counties, new jersey (1). in june 1992, cdc and the new jersey department of health (njdoh) conducted a telephone survey in both counties of 65 schoolchildren who required home instruction because of suspected ld to determine the public health impact of the disease. most children had received prolonged and repeated courses of oral antimicrobials and/or home intravenous infusion of antimicrobials; 79% had been hospitalized for treatment of suspec ...	1993	8419791
how to diagnose and treat lyme disease in children.		1993	8489576
how to diagnose and treat lyme disease in children.		1993	8420648
prevention of lyme disease after tick bites.		1993	8416431
prevention of lyme disease after tick bites.		1993	8416430
prevention of lyme disease after tick bites.		1993	8416429
prevention of lyme disease after tick bites.		1993	8416428