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human papillomaviruses prevalence and genital co-infections in hiv-seropositive women in ouagadougou (burkina faso).the vaginal swabs among hiv-positive women in africa often revealed opportunistic infections such as human papillomavirus (hpv) and mycoplasma that induce respectively cervix cancer and diseases such as vaginosis, abortions, infertility in through salpingitis. the purposes of this study were to: (1) seek for, the prevalence of pathogens such as hpv and mycoplasma; (2) characterize the strains of hpv and estimate their prevalence; (3) identify among these women, those who were co-infected by thes ...201021313918
[evaluation of epidemic risk from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria isolated from water of its various use types].the investigation was concerned with wild gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (e. coli spp., klebsiella spp., salmonella spp., and the nonfermentative bacteria pseudomonas spp.) isolated from the waters of different types, as well as museum cultures (e. coli strain 1257, e. coli strain 675, salmonella enteritidis atcc 5765, staphylococcus aureus 906, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 10145). the wild strains were isolated from water when conducting experimental and field studies; these ...201021341500
unsuspected polymicrobial brain abscess arising from an intra-abdominal source in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.the unusual and unprecedented occurrence of a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (hht) and a polymicrobial abscess with three different organisms, including fungi, is reported. the patient was a 48-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and hht who was brought to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident with altered mental status. computed tomography did not reveal evidence of acute brain injury but showed a left frontal brain abscess. the patient und ...201020622729
binding of the staphylococcus aureus leucotoxin lukm to its leucocyte targets.the range of leucocytes susceptible to the leucotoxin lukm/f', a two-component pore-forming toxin of staphylococcus aureus causing mastitis in ruminants, had not been defined. we used fluorescent-labeled lukm to investigate the binding of this toxin to bovine cells and to identify its cellular targets among bovine, human and murine leucocytes. lukm bound to bovine blood neutrophils from all the individuals tested with similar affinity, with an apparent dissociation constant (kd) of 1.81 ± 0.14 n ...201020624452
evolutionary genomics of staphylococcus aureus reveals insights into the origin and molecular basis of ruminant host adaptation.phenotypic biotyping has traditionally been used to differentiate bacteria occupying distinct ecological niches such as host species. for example, the capacity of staphylococcus aureus from sheep to coagulate ruminant plasma, reported over 60 years ago, led to the description of small ruminant and bovine s. aureus ecovars. the great majority of small ruminant isolates are represented by a single, widespread clonal complex (cc133) of s. aureus, but its evolutionary origin and the molecular basis ...201020624747
role of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 in staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin-mediated cellular injury.staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (hla), a potent cytotoxin, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal diseases, including those caused by methicillin-resistant epidemic strains. hla is secreted as a water-soluble monomer that undergoes a series of conformational changes to generate a heptameric, beta-barrel structure in host membranes. structural maturation of hla depends on its interaction with a previously unknown proteinaceous receptor in the context of the cell membr ...201020624979
once-daily gentamicin administration for community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model: preliminary reports for the advantages for optimizing pharmacodynamic index.community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (camrsa) infections are increasing. although gentamicin (gen) is usually susceptible against ca-mrsa, gen is rarely considered for treatment as monotherapy. we employed an in vitro pharmacodynamic model (ivpdm) to compare efficacies of gen against ca-mrsa with two dosing regimens [thrice-daily (td), once-daily (od)].201020635447
[inhibitive effect and mechanism of monoclonal antibody targeted sea on human bladder cancer cell line biu-87].to investigate the in vitro inhibitive effect and apoptotic mechanism of bdi-1 monoclonal antibody targeted sea on human bladder cancer cell line biu-87.201020646593
powerful usage of phylogenetically diverse staphylococcus aureus control strains for detecting multidrug resistance genes in transcriptomics studies.staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for life-threatening septicemia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. although positive (mrsa; atcc 33591) and negative (mssa; atcc 25923) control strains have been used for various pathogenesis or assay studies, little is known about the genomic structure of the strains, and there has been little genome-wide expression analysis. phylogenetic analyses revealed that atcc 33591 and atcc 25923 are the most genetically diverse strai ...201020652498
[burow's solution treatment for external auditory canal and mastoid cavity cholesteatoma].burow's solution, 13% aluminum acetate dissolved in water developed as ear drops by german dr. karl august burow in the mid-1800s, was confirmed by mahoney (1980) and thorp et al. (2000) to act on chronic suppurative otitis media without ototoxicity. we have found it satisfactory in treating otitis media and other intractable inflammation and fungal infection of the external auditory canal. we report its potent effect in 2 cases of external auditory canal cholesteatoma (eacc) and 1 of mastoid ca ...201020653194
use of quantitative broad-based polymerase chain reaction for detection and identification of common bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid.conventional laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis based on microscopy followed by culture is time-consuming and has only moderate sensitivity.201020653589
antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of the marsabit clawed frog xenopus borealis (pipidae).nine peptides with differential growth inhibitory activity against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the tetraploid frog xenopus borealis parker, 1936 (pipidae). structural characterization of the peptides demonstrated that they were orthologous to magainin-2 (1 peptide), peptide glycine-leucine-amide, pgla (2 peptides), caerulein-precursor fragments, cpf (4 peptides), and xenopsin-precursor fragments, xpf (2 peptides), pre ...201020656059
peripheral blood b cell subset skewing is associated with altered cell cycling and intrinsic resistance to apoptosis and reflects a state of immune activation in chronic hepatitis c virus infection.chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is associated with b cell activation, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. to investigate b cell regulation during hcv infection, we measured bulk b cell cpg and staphylococcus aureus cowan-induced igg ab-secreting cell (asc) frequency, hcv and tetanus-specific asc frequency, bcr- and cd40l-dependent cd80/cd86 expression, and activation of memory cd4 cells. immature transitional, naive, resting memory, mature activated, tissue-like memory, and pla ...201020656924
a nickel abc-transporter of staphylococcus aureus is involved in urinary tract infection.the oligopeptide transport systems opp belong to the nickel/peptide/opine pept subfamily of abc-transporters. the opportunist pathogen staphylococcus aureus encodes four putative opps and one orphean substrate binding protein opp5a. here, we report that the opp2 permease complex (opp2bcdf) and opp5a are involved in nickel uptake and then renamed them nikbcde and nika respectively. s. aureus carries also a high-affinity nickel transporter nixa belonging to the nicot family of secondary transporte ...201020662775
detection, molecular characterization, and clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cc398 and cc97 in spanish slaughter pigs of different age groups.the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in slaughter pigs, to characterize the recovered isolates, and to investigate their genomic relatedness. nasal swabs were collected from 53 finishing-pigs (f-pigs) and 53 suckling-piglets (s-piglets) at two different abattoirs in la rioja (northern spain) coming from six production holdings. mrsa isolates were characterized by spa−, agr−, sccmec−, and multilocus sequ ...201020677918
periorbital necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus periorbital necrotizing fasciitis.to report a case of a patient with periorbital necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa).201020704488
activation of plasminogen by staphylokinase reduces the severity of staphylococcus aureus systemic infection.staphylokinase (sak) is produced by the majority of staphylococcus aureus strains. it is an extracellular protein that activates the conversion of human plasminogen (plg) to plasmin. the role played by sak in staphylococcal infection is unclear.201020726765
poly(vinyl benzoate) nanoparticles for molecular delivery: studies on their preparation and in vitro properties.the preparation and properties of poly(vinyl benzoate) nanoparticle suspensions as molecular carriers are described for the first time. these nanoparticles can be formed by nanoprecipitation of commercial poly(vinyl benzoate) in water using pluronic f68 as surfactant, to create spherical nanostructures measuring 200-250nm in diameter. these nanoparticles are stable in phosphate buffer and blood serum, and only slowly degrade in the presence of esterases. pluronic f68 stabilizes the nanoparticle ...201020728487
establishment of a mouse iga nephropathy model with the mbp-20-peptide fusion protein.here, we aimed to determine whether immunoglobulin-a nephropathy (igan) could be induced in balb/c mice by immunizing them with a fusion protein (mbp-20 peptide) comprising the maltose-binding protein (mbp) and a 20-amino-acid peptide derived from staphylococcus aureus. a recombinant plasmid encoding the fusion protein was constructed and expressed in bacterial cells. the synthetic 20-peptide was used to prepare the monoclonal antibody. balb/c mice were immunized with the mbp-20-peptide fusion p ...201020730864
antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy of antineoplastic agent capped gold nanoparticles.synthesis of thioguanine (tg)-capped au nanoparticles (au@tg) and their enhanced in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy against micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, e. coli, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger and hep2 cancer cell (human epidermiod cell) have been reported. the nature of binding between 6-tg and the gold nanoparticles via complexation is investigated using ultraviolet-visible spectrum, cyclic voltammetry, transmission electron microscop ...201020738066
[cutaneous ulcers and glycogen storage disease type 1b].glycogen storage disease type 1b is a rare disorder caused by 6-glucose-phosphatase transport deficiency. it is characterised primarily by metabolic disorders combined with hypoglycaemia and hyperlactacidaemia and a predisposition to staphylococcal infections associated with polynuclear neutrophil abnormality. herein, we report the case of a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1b who developed ulcers of the lower limbs and we discuss the possible significance of this association which, to ...201020470920
staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 5 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 from human neutrophils.staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (ssls) constitute a family of exoproteins exhibiting structural similarities to superantigens and enterotoxins but no superantigenic activity. in this article, we present evidence that ssl5 specifically binds to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) and inhibits its enzymatic activity. when human neutrophil cell lysate was applied to recombinant his-tagged ssl5 conjugated to sepharose, the bound fraction gave a major band of approximately 100 kda in sds-pol ...201020479083
nanosized dendritic polyguanidilyated translocators for enhanced solubility, permeability, and delivery of gatifloxacin.dendrimeric polyguanidilyated translocators (dpts) are nanosized novel dendrimers that efficiently translocate molecules across biological barriers. the purpose of this study was to develop a dpt that could serve as an ophthalmic delivery vehicle for gatifloxacin and to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo delivery after topical application.201020484584
anti-inflammatory effect of catechin on cultured human dental pulp cells affected by bacteria-derived factors.catechins (bioactive polyphenols in green tea) are known to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. however, the anti-inflammatory effects of catechins on inflamed dental pulp tissue are not known. in this study, we investigated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and epicatechin gallate (ecg), the major components of green tea catechins, on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in human dental pulp cells stimulated with bacteria-derived factors suc ...201020487003
[bacteremia on femoral catheter infection: an unusual cause of orbital cellulitis].the authors report a case of orbital cellulitis complicating bacteremia on central catheter infection. a 51-year-old man, with a history of diabetes and end-stage renal disease, was admitted for left exophthalmos with inflammatory chemosis, fever, and worsening of his general state. the ct scan showed exophthalmos with thickening of soft tissues and infiltration of the ocular fat without collection or sinus impairment. orbital cellulitis was diagnosed. the etiological investigations showed staph ...201020494474
contribution of il-18 to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced by immunization and challenge with staphylococcus aureus proteins.we previously reported that intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (ova) plus il-18 induces airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice with ova-specific t(h)1 cells. these two conditions can be prevented by neutralizing anti-ifn-gamma and anti-il-13 antibodies, respectively. the mice develop ahr and eosinophilic airway inflammation after challenge with ova plus lps instead of il-18 and endogenous il-18 is known to be involved. in contrast, il-18 does not facilitat ...201020497957
staphylococcus aureus ai-2 quorum sensing associates with the kdpde two-component system to regulate capsular polysaccharide synthesis and virulence.autoinducer 2 (ai-2) is widely recognized as a signal molecule for intra- and interspecies communication in gram-negative bacteria, but its signaling function in gram-positive bacteria, especially in staphylococcus aureus, remains obscure. here we reveal the role of luxs in the regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in s. aureus nctc8325 and show that ai-2 can regulate gene expression and is involved in some physiological activities in s. aureus as a signaling molecule. inactivation of ...201020498265
assessment of oritavancin serum protein binding across species.biophysical methods to study the binding of oritavancin, a lipoglycopeptide, to serum protein are confounded by nonspecific drug adsorption to labware surfaces. we assessed oritavancin binding to serum from mouse, rat, dog, and human by a microbiological growth-based method under conditions that allow near-quantitative drug recovery. protein binding was similar across species, ranging from 81.9% in human serum to 87.1% in dog serum. these estimates support the translation of oritavancin exposure ...201020498314
the human nasal microbiota and staphylococcus aureus carriage.colonization of humans with staphylococcus aureus is a critical prerequisite of subsequent clinical infection of the skin, blood, lung, heart and other deep tissues. s. aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nares of approximately 50% of healthy adults, whereas approximately 50% of the general population is rarely or never colonized by this pathogen. because microbial consortia within the nasal cavity may be an important determinant of s. aureus colonization we determined the compos ...201020498722
[community-associated mrsa and panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl): novel trends in epidemiology and forensic implications].the propagation of multi-resistant bacteria, especially methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains (mrsa), in hospitals and nursing homes is a well-known sanitary and therapeutic problem (healthcare-associated mrsa, ha-mrsa). for some years, an increasing incidence of mrsa outside the hospital environment (community-acquired or community-associated mrsa, ca-mrsa) has been observed all over the world, which, contrary to the hospital strains, produces the leukocytotoxic toxin pvl and cau ...201020506711
patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by organ failure show highly aberrant monocyte signaling profiles assessed by phospho-specific flow cytometry.to outline signaling profiles and transmigration capacity of monocytes of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.201020512034
ventilator-associated pneumonia due to shewanella putrefaciens.the first reported u.s. case of ventilator-associated pneumonia evidently caused by shewanella putrefaciens is described.201020516471
a community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus liver abscess.liver abscesses caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus are rarely reported. we report such a case in a 25-year-old man who presented with an intermittent fever. he had a history of prolonged antibiotic use for acne and skin abscesses. the liver abscess was successfully treated with percutaneous drainage and a prolonged course of linezolid. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus liver ...201020519761
epistatic relationships between sara and agr in staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation.the accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sara) play opposing roles in staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. there is mounting evidence to suggest that these opposing roles are therapeutically relevant in that mutation of agr results in increased biofilm formation and decreased antibiotic susceptibility while mutation of sara has the opposite effect. to the extent that induction of agr or inhibition of sara could potentially be used to limit biofilm formation, ...201020520723
staphylococcus aureus nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites regulate virulence.staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is resistant to numerous antibiotics in clinical use. we found two nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites--the aureusimines, made by s. aureus--that are not antibiotics, but function as regulators of virulence factor expression and are necessary for productive infections. in vivo mouse models of bacteremia showed that strains of s. aureus unable to produce aureusimines were attenuated and/or cleared from major organs, including the spleen, ...201020522739
novel h1n1 influenza and panton-valentine leukocidin staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia.the association between seasonal influenza and staphylococcal pneumonia has long been recognized (chickering and park, 1919; roberts et al, 2008), and both meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and panton-valentine leukocidin s. aureus have been associated with seasonal influenza pandemics (roberts et al, 2008; kearns et al, 2009; murray et al, 2010).201020551877
targeting isoprenoid biosynthesis for drug discovery: bench to bedside.the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways produce the largest class of small molecules in nature: isoprenoids (also called terpenoids). not surprisingly then, isoprenoid biosynthesis is a target for drug discovery, and many drugs--such as lipitor (used to lower cholesterol), fosamax (used to treat osteoporosis), and many anti-infectives--target isoprenoid biosynthesis. however, drug resistance in malaria, tuberculosis, and staph infections is rising, cheap and effective drugs for the neglected tropic ...201020560544
inactivation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) on various environmental surfaces by mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfectant.contaminated environmental surfaces are important reservoirs in the transmission of many human pathogens. although several options exist for disinfecting contaminated environmental surfaces, few are compatible with use on both hard smooth non-porous (hard) and soft porous surfaces (soft) while still offering significant disinfection of the contaminating organisms. this study evaluated the efficacy of mist application of a stabilized chlorine dioxide and quaternary ammonium compound-based disinfe ...201020574884
ifn-gamma enhances killing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes more effectively than gm-csf in the presence of daptomycin and other antibiotics.because cytokines have been utilized in treatment of sepsis in neonates, we studied the effects of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and gm-csf on killing of intracellular methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) by human monocyte derived macrophages (mdm) in the presence of daptomycin (dap), rifampin (rif), gentamicin (gen), and combinations of these drugs. mdm infected with mrsa were treated with dap (1 x mic), gen (0.5 x mic), or rif (1 x mic), singly or in combination, with or without cy ...201020580568
rapid neutrophil destruction following phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus.mechanisms underlying the enhanced virulence phenotype of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) are incompletely defined, but presumably include evasion of killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns or neutrophils). to better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the basis of rapid pmn lysis after phagocytosis of usa300, a prominent ca-mrsa strain. survival of usa300 clinical isolates after phagocytosis ultimately resulted in neutrophil lysis. ...201020587998
a study of cytotoxicity of novel chlorokojic acid derivatives with their antimicrobial and antiviral activities.a series of 6-chloromethyl-3-hydroxy-2-substituted 4h-pyran-4-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and antiviral activities. mannich base derivatives were prepared through the reaction of substituted piperazine or piperidine derivatives on chlorokojic acid and formaline. the structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr, esi-ms, and elemental analysis. according to the activity studies, compounds 2-7 (mic: 1-2 microg/ml) were foun ...201020591538
nanosized aluminum altered immune function.on the basis of their uses in jet fuels and munitions, the most likely scenario for aluminum nanoparticle (np) exposure is inhalation. nps have been shown to be capable of penetrating deep into the alveolar regions of the lung, and therefore human alveolar macrophages (u937) with human type ii pneumocytes (a549) were cultured together and exposed to nps dispersed in an artificial lung surfactant to more accurately mimic the lung microenvironment. two types of nps were evaluated: aluminum (al) an ...201020593840
staphylococcus aureus induces apoptosis of human monocytic u937 cells via nf-kappab signaling pathways.staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen and the major causative agent of numerous infections. s. aureus have been shown to induce apoptosis in many cell types. however, the mechanisms regulating primary monocytes and human monocytic u937 cell death following s. aureus challenge are unknown. in this study, we found that infection of primary monocytes and human monocytic u937 cells with s. aureus induced rapid cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner displaying the ch ...201020600795
ftsz inhibition: a promising approach for antistaphylococcal therapy.staphylococcus causes a large number of animal and human diseases and has been considered as a major health concern. with the emergence of resistant strains of staphylococcus, like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, the search for novel antibacterial targets has intensified. ftsz, a bacterial cytoskeleton protein, is involved in cell division. ftsz assembles into protofilaments in a gtp-dependent manner, and forms a dynamic z-ring at the m ...201020603653
maldi-tof mass spectrometry speciation of staphylococci and their discrimination from micrococci isolated from indoor air of schoolrooms.the focus of our work is the identification of medically relevant staphylococci from the environment; these organisms are among the major opportunistic pathogens associated with human disease. andersen sampling was performed in schoolrooms during the school year. eleven of thirty six isolates (all gram-positive tetrads) were identified as staphylococci and 23 were characterized as micrococci. maldi-tof ms profiling was used as the first stage in the classification followed by standard biochemica ...201020383373
antimicrobial activity of a halocidin-derived peptide resistant to attacks by proteases.cationic antimicrobial peptides (amps) have attracted a great deal of interest as a promising candidate for a novel class of antibiotics that might effectively treat recalcitrant infections caused by a variety of microbes that are resistant to currently available drugs. however, the amps are inherently limited in that they are inevitably susceptible to attacks by proteases generated by human and pathogenic microbes; this vulnerability severely hinders their pharmaceutical use in human therapeuti ...201020385874
enhancement of antibacterial effects of extracts from cirsium species using sodium picolinate and estimation of their toxicity.in this study, antimicrobial properties and toxicity of extracts from cirsium spp.: cirsium arvense, c. oleraceum, c. palustre, c. rivulare and c. vulgare in combination with sodium picolinate (ps) or sodium benzoate (bs), were investigated. three micro-organisms were used: staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of extracts was found at 1.56-50.0 mg ml(-1). unlike the case of bs, adding ps to extracts from flowers of c. palustr ...201020397105
in this issue.prohibition that works: prohibitin 1: prohibitin 1 (phb1) was cloned in 1991 based on its ability to suppress the regrowth of liver tissue. that task was not trivial - phb1 turned out to be a buddy of just about anyone of any importance. it is highly conserved, ubiquitous among eukaryotes, and exerts a controlling interest in apoptosis, cell cycle, differentiation, and senescence. it, in turn, is controlled by a variety of post-translational modifications. did i say it is a tumor suppressor, too ...201020397235
inhibition of biological activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) by apple juice and apple polyphenols.the foodborne pathogen staphylococcus aureus produces the virulent staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea), a single-chain protein that consists of 233 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 27 078 da. sea is a superantigen that is reported to contribute to animal (mastitis) and human (emesis, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and toxic shock) syndromes. changes of the native structural integrity may inactivate the toxin by preventing molecular interaction with cell membrane receptor si ...201020402509
quantitative analysis and molecular fingerprinting of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in different patient populations: a prospective, multicenter study.to better understand the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization or infection in different patient populations, to perform quantitative analysis of mrsa in nasal cultures, and to characterize strains using molecular fingerprinting.201020402589
isolation, phylogenetic analysis and anti-infective activity screening of marine sponge-associated actinomycetes.terrestrial actinomycetes are noteworthy producers of a multitude of antibiotics, however the marine representatives are much less studied in this regard. in this study, 90 actinomycetes were isolated from 11 different species of marine sponges that had been collected from offshore ras mohamed (egypt) and from rovinj (croatia). phylogenetic characterization of the isolates based on 16s rrna gene sequencing supported their assignment to 18 different actinomycete genera representing seven differen ...201020411105
intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.the intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. intracellular ub-8902 concentrations were 6-fold higher than extracellular levels. uptake was rapid, reversible, saturable, and affected by external ph. ub-8902 showed intracellular activity against staphylococcus aureus strains presenting mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in the gyra and/or grla genes.201020417992
size-based separations as an important discriminator in development of proximity ligation assays for protein or organism detection.proximity ligation is a powerful technique to measure minute concentrations of target protein with high specificity, and it has been demonstrated to be effective on a wide variety of protein targets. the proximity ligation assay (pla) technique is shown to be compromised by the amplification of a nonspecific fluorescent product that is not indicative of protein presence, which was previously unidentified in a published procedure. this result illuminates the complexity of designing the optimal pl ...201020419707
risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats: a case-control study.risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats were investigated in an unmatched case-control study. a total of 197 animals from 150 veterinary practices across the united kingdom was enrolled, including 105 mrsa cases and 92 controls with methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) infection. the association of owners and veterinarian staff with the human healthcare sector (hcs) and animal-related characteristics such as signalment, antimicrobial and ...201020423695
purulent spondylitis related to anastomotic fistula after esophageal cancer surgery.a 73-year-old man underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for advanced esophageal cancer with palliative intent. cervical esophagogastrostomy with circular-stapled end-to-side anastomosis was performed; however, anastomotic fistula developed. fever, severe pain in the nape of the neck and numbness of the left hand were noted after drainage by wide opening of cervicotomy and the administration of empiric antibiotics. magnetic reson ...201020442207
staphylococcus aureus recovery from environmental and human locations in 2 collegiate athletic teams.staphylococcus aureus is spread via direct contact with persons and indirect contact via environmental surfaces such as weight benches. athletes participating in direct-contact sports have an increased risk of acquiring s aureus infections.201020446834
llama heavy-chain antibody fragments efficiently remove toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 from plasma in vitro but not in experimental porcine septic shock.staphylococcus aureus produces the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1). when the bacterium invades the human circulation, this toxin can induce life-threatening gram-positive sepsis. current sepsis treatment does not remove bacterial toxins. variable domains of llama heavy-chain antibodies (vhh) against toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 ([alpha]-tsst-1 vhh) were previously found to be effective in vitro. we hypothesized that removing tsst-1 with [alpha]-tsst-1 vhh hemofiltration filter ...201020016410
antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in animals and man: prescribing, practices and policies.this meeting focused on infections in humans and animals due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing bacteria and clostridium difficile, and their corresponding treatments. mrsa is predominantly a human pathogen, and molecular typing has revealed that certain clones have spread widely both between humans and from humans to animals. esbl-producing bacteria, particularly those that express the ctx-m beta-lactamases, have been dissemi ...201020045808
staphylococcal superantigen super-domains in immune evasion.staphylococcus aureus is a robust pathogen that is capable of growing in virtually any part of the human body, and can also survive and grow in many other species. s. aureus remains the most frequent cause of hospital-acquired infection and, with the emergence and spread of drug-resistant, hypervirulent, community-acquired strains, the specter looms of the ultimate superbug. s. aureus produces an array of immune evasion factors that target various components of host immune defense. among them ar ...201020370627
convertase inhibitory properties of staphylococcal extracellular complement-binding protein.the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus secretes several complement evasion molecules to combat the human immune response. extracellular complement-binding protein (ecb) binds to the c3d domain of c3 and thereby blocks c3 convertases of the alternative pathway and c5 convertases via all complement pathways. inhibition of c5 convertases results in complete inhibition of c5a generation and subsequent neutrophil migration. here, we show that binding of ecb to the c3d domain of c3b is crucial for i ...201020304920
temporal expression of adhesion factors and activity of global regulators during establishment of staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization.the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus successfully colonizes its primary reservoir, the nasal cavity, most likely by regulatory adaptation to the nose environment. cotton rats represent an excellent model for the study of bacterial gene expression in the initial phases of colonization. to gain insight into the expression profile necessary for the establishment of colonization, we performed direct transcript analysis by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on ...201020307206
atomic layer deposition-based functionalization of materials for medical and environmental health applications.nanoporous alumina membranes exhibit high pore densities, well-controlled and uniform pore sizes, as well as straight pores. owing to these unusual properties, nanoporous alumina membranes are currently being considered for use in implantable sensor membranes and water purification membranes. atomic layer deposition is a thin-film growth process that may be used to modify the pore size in a nanoporous alumina membrane while retaining a narrow pore distribution. in addition, films deposited by me ...201020308114
necrotising pneumonia due to influenza a (h1n1) and community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus clone usa300: successful management of the first documented paediatric case.necrotising pneumonia in young, previously healthy patients due to panton-valentine leucocidin (pvl) producing staphylococcus aureus has been increasingly recognised. pvl pneumonia is often associated with influenza co-infection and high mortality. this case report describes the successful management of the first documented paediatric case of a previous healthy adolescent who developed necrotising pneumonia due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant (ca-mrsa) clone usa300 with pandemic infl ...201020335240
mrsa screening may benefit h1n1 patients. 201020337177
pig-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus: family transmission and severe pneumonia in a newborn.carriage of pig-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is known to occur in pig farmers. zoonotic lineages of mrsa have been considered of low virulence and with limited capacity for inter-human spread. we present a case of family transmission of pig-associated mrsa st398, which resulted in a severe infection in a newborn.201020121648
cutting edge: bacterial infection induces hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion in the absence of tlr signaling.bone marrow (bm) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) can be activated by type i ifns, tlr agonists, viruses, and bacteria to increase hematopoiesis. in this study, we report that endotoxin treatment in vivo induces tlr4, myd88, and toll/il-1 resistance domain-containing adaptor-inducing ifn-beta (trif)-dependent expansion of bm hspcs. bacterial infection by staphylococcus aureus or cecal ligation and puncture also induces hspc expansion, but myd88, trif, type i ifn, cytokine, pg, or ...201020130216
severe rotational deformity, quadriparesis and respiratory embarrassment due to osteomyelitis at the occipito-atlantoaxial junction.we present the case of an 83-year-old man who developed quadriparesis and respiratory embarrassment following osteomyelitis at the occipito-atlantoaxial junction. he had developed an abscess at this site after an earlier urinary infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. stabilisation of the neck and antibiotic therapy led to an almost complete neurological recovery without recourse to anterior surgery.201020130325
clearance of experimental cutaneous staphylococcus aureus infections in mice.staphylococcal skin infections are quite common in human patients. these infections often clear spontaneously, but may also progress locally and/or disseminate to cause serious and sometimes fatal deep infections. the present studies were undertaken to examine the clearance phase of experimental cutaneous staphylococcus aureus infections in a mouse model system. previous work in this system has shown that staphylococci applied to the skin rapidly disseminate to the spleen and kidney. in the pres ...201020130894
characterization of the in vitro activity of novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotics.the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is of significant concern. resistance to the widely-used and highly effective glycopeptide antibacterial agent vancomycin, which has been in clinical use for over half a century, has emerged in staphylococci and enterococci. this has spurred the development of newer glycopeptide agents, some of which show activity against vancomycin-resistant organisms. the newer agents currently being developed contain lipophilic side-chains, ...201020131224
bioactive bromophycolides r-u from the fijian red alga callophycus serratus.four new bromophycolides, r-u (1-4), were isolated from the fijian red alga callophycus serratus and were identified by 1d and 2d nmr and mass spectroscopic analyses. these compounds expand the known structural variety of diterpene-benzoate macrolides and exhibited modest cytotoxicity toward selected human cancer cell lines. bromophycolide s (2) also showed submicromolar activity against the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum.201020141173
antibacterial activity of carvacrol and 2-nitro-1-propanol against single and mixed populations of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in corn flour dough.cereal doughs are an important part of human diet, but at the same time can act as vehicles for the transmission of human pathogenic bacteria. in the present study, four pathogenic or toxinogenic bacteria (escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus) were inoculated in a dough made from corn flour in combination with the single antimicrobial compounds carvacrol and 2-nitro-1-propanol (2npoh). survival of single and mixed population ...201020141946
emergence of mrsa clone st22 in healthy young adults in the community in the absence of risk factors.one thousand adults aged between 18 and 35 years were investigated for nasal colonization with community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa). each volunteer completed a questionnaire to assess the presence or absence of risk factors for hospital-acquired mrsa (ha-mrsa) carriage. all mrsa isolated were characterized by microbiological and molecular methods. a s. aureus carriage rate of 22% and a mrsa carriage rate of 0.7% were observed. analysis of the questionnaires re ...201020144250
formyl peptide receptor-mediated proinflammatory consequences of peptide deformylase inhibition in staphylococcus aureus.the biosynthesis of proteins with n-terminal formylated methionine residues and subsequent protein deformylation are unique and invariant bacterial processes. they are exploited by the capacity of the human innate immune system to sense formylated peptides (fps) and targeted by the deformylation-blocking antibiotic actinonin. we show that human polymorphonuclear leukocytes respond via the formyl peptide receptor (fpr) with increased calcium ion fluxes, chemotactic migration, il-8 release, and cd ...201020156579
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel dysfunction in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.although in patients with diffuse bronchiectasis (db) and a normal sweat test the presence of one mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene is frequently observed, its pathogenic role in the development of db remains unclear.201020167849
cooperation of tlr2 with myd88, pi3k, and rac1 in lipoteichoic acid-induced cpla2/cox-2-dependent airway inflammatory responses.lipoteichoic acid (lta) plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe inflammatory responses induced by gram-positive bacterial infection. cytosolic phospholipase a(2) (cpla(2)), cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), and interleukin (il)-6 have been demonstrated to engage in airway inflammation. in this study, lta-induced cpla(2) and cox-2 expression and pge(2) or il-6 synthesis were attenuated by transfection with sirnas of tlr2, myd88, akt, p42, p38, jnk2, and p65 or pretreatment ...201020167866
relative contribution of panton-valentine leukocidin to pmn plasma membrane permeability and lysis caused by usa300 and usa400 culture supernatants.panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl) is a cytolytic toxin associated with severe community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) infections. however, the relative contribution of pvl to host cell lysis during ca-mrsa infection remains unknown. here we investigated the relative contribution of pvl to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) plasma membrane permeability and lysis in vitro by using culture supernatants from wild-type and isogenic luks/f-pv negative (deltapvl) ...201020172045
comparison of fluoroquinolone kinetics of kill in susceptible and resistant gram-positive conjunctival pathogens.the purpose of this study was to compare moxifloxacin's rate of kill of susceptible and resistant gram-positive organisms with that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, using concentrations found in human conjunctiva after instillation of one drop.201020174904
a poke into the diversity and associations within human anterior nare microbial communities.the anterior nares are the major reservoir for staphylococcus aureus in humans, where nasal carriage has a crucial function as a source for invasive infections. despite various investigations on aerobic community members based on traditional cultivation methods, little is known on the overall microbial composition and complex in situ interactions, but such knowledge is highly warranted for effective s. aureus control strategies. as assessed using advanced culture-independent approaches, this stu ...201020182526
molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus in lebanon.staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and is a growing public health concern. in this study, 130 s. aureus, 93 methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and 37 methicillin-sensitive s. aureus (mssa), clinical isolates recovered from lebanon were typed by protein a gene (spa) sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst). forty-eight different spa types were identified and clustered into 30 different groups. mlst revealed 10 sequence types (sts) among the isolates. there were eigh ...201020202283
a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method to measure linezolid and daptomycin concentrations in human plasma.daptomycin and linezolid, recently introduced to treat severe gram-positive infections, are effective against multidrug-resistant gram-positive microorganisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteria that are less sensitive or frankly resistant, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus. however, alteration of their plasma profile has been described in some patients and this may be associa ...201020216115
improved accuracy of cell surface shaving proteomics in staphylococcus aureus using a false-positive control.proteolytic treatment of intact bacterial cells is an ideal means for identifying surface-exposed peptide epitopes and has potential for the discovery of novel vaccine targets. cell stability during such treatment, however, may become compromised and result in the release of intracellular proteins that complicate the final analysis. staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, causing community and hospital-acquired infections, and is a serious healthcare concern due to the increasing preval ...201020217865
biofilm formation on bone grafts and bone graft substitutes: comparison of different materials by a standard in vitro test and microcalorimetry.we analyzed the initial adhesion and biofilm formation of staphylococcus aureus (atcc 29213) and s. epidermidis rp62a (atcc 35984) on various bone grafts and bone graft substitutes under standardized in vitro conditions. in parallel, microcalorimetry was evaluated as a real-time microbiological assay in the investigation of biofilm formation and material science research. the materials beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-tcp), processed human spongiosa (tutoplast) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (pmma ...201020226886
polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediate staphylococcus aureus panton-valentine leukocidin-induced lung inflammation and injury.community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) is epidemic in the united states, even rivaling hiv/aids in its public health impact. the pandemic clone usa300, like other ca-mrsa strains, expresses panton-valentine leukocidin (pvl), a pore-forming toxin that targets polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). pvl is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing pneumonia, but data from rodent infection models are inconclusive. rodent pmns are less susceptible ...201020231457
the impact of serine/threonine phosphorylation in staphylococcus aureus.in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, phosphotransfer represents a common mechanism to regulate cellular functions. recent work revealed that modulation of cellular processes by eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinases (stks) and phosphatases (stps) are widespread in bacteria. during the last two years, first evidence on the role of ser/thr phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in staphylococcus aureus has emerged leading to the identification of a functional stk and corresponding stp. due to homology to kn ...201019783479
rapa: a novel in vitro method to evaluate anti-bacterial skin cleansing products.development of efficacious anti-bacterial skin cleansing products has been limited by the availability of a pre-clinical (in vitro) method to predict clinical efficacy adequately. we report a simple and rapid method, designated as rapid agar plate assay (rapa), that uses the bacteriological agar surface as a surrogate substrate for skin and combines elements of two widely used in vivo (clinical) methods (agar patch and cup scrub). to simulate the washing of the human hand or forearm skin with th ...201019818085
influence of artificial ageing on surface properties and streptococcus mutans adhesion to dental composite materials.the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of artificial ageing on the surface properties and early streptococcus mutans adhesion to current dental composites for the direct restoration of class ii defects. three hundred and thirty specimens each were prepared from five dental composites, and were randomly allotted to various artificial ageing protocols (storage in distilled water/ethanol/artificial saliva for 7/90/365 days; thermal cycling, 6,000 cycles 5/55 degrees c). pri ...201019830528
impact of nanoscale roughness of titanium thin film surfaces on bacterial retention.two human pathogenic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus cip 68.5 and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 9025, were adsorbed onto surfaces containing ti thin films of varying thickness to determine the extent to which nanoscale surface roughness influences the extent of bacterial attachment. a magnetron sputter thin film system was used to deposit titanium films with thicknesses of 3, 12, and 150 nm on glass substrata with corresponding surface roughness parameters of r(q) 1.6, 1.2, and 0.7 nm (on a 4 micr ...201019842625
collagen and glycopolymer based hydrogel for potential corneal application.6-methacryloyl-alpha-d-galactopyranose (mg) was synthesized, and characterized by fourier transform infrared (ftir) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectrometry, and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. a series of interpenetrating polymer network (ipn) hydrogels was fabricated by simultaneously photocuring mg crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and chemically crosslinking type i collagen with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and n-hydroxysuccinimide. the successful i ...201019632359
update: a 39-year-old man with a skin infection. 201020051570
complement inhibition by gram-positive pathogens: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.the plasma proteins of the complement system are essential in the innate immune response against bacteria. complement labels bacteria with opsonins to support phagocytosis and generates chemoattractants to attract phagocytes to the site of infection. in turn, bacterial human pathogens have evolved different strategies to specifically impair the complement response. here, we review the large arsenal of complement inhibitors produced by the gram-positive pathogens staphylococcus aureus and group a ...201020062962
natural variability of in vitro adherence to fibrinogen and fibronectin does not correlate with in vivo infectivity of staphylococcus aureus.adherence to fibrinogen and fibronectin plays a crucial role in staphylococcus aureus experimental endocarditis. previous genetic studies have shown that infection and carriage isolates do not systematically differ in their virulence-related genes, including genes conferring adherence, such as clfa and fnba. we set out to determine the range of adherence phenotypes in carriage isolates of s. aureus, to compare the adherence of these isolates to the adherence of infection isolates, and to determi ...201020065030
long acting beta2-agonist and corticosteroid restore airway glandular cell function altered by bacterial supernatant.staphylococcus aureus releases virulence factors (vf) that may impair the innate protective functions of airway cells. the aim of this study was to determine whether a long-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist (salmeterol hydroxynaphthoate, sal) combined with a corticosteroid (fluticasone propionate, fp) was able to regulate ion content and cytokine expression by airway glandular cells after exposure to s. aureus supernatant.201020089165
community-acquired pneumonia due to pandemic a(h1n1)2009 influenzavirus and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus co-infection.bacterial pneumonia is a well described complication of influenza. in recent years, community-onset methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (cmrsa) infection has emerged as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with influenza. since the emergence and rapid dissemination of pandemic a(h1n1)2009 influenzavirus in april 2009, initial descriptions of the clinical features of patients hospitalized with pneumonia have contained few details of patients with bacterial co-infection.201020090931
di-k19hc, an antimicrobial peptide as new ototopical agent for treatment of otitis media.di-k19hc is a promising new ototopical antibiotic for treatment of middle ear infections associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.201020100130
biochemical, functional and structural characterization of akbu-laao: a novel snake venom l-amino acid oxidase from agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis.an l-amino acid oxidase (akbu-laao) was isolated from the venom of agkistrodon blomhoffii ussurensis snake using deae sephadex a-50 ion-exchange, sephadex g-75 gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatographies. the homogeneity and molecular mass of akbu-laao were analyzed by sds-page and maldi-tof spectrometry. the sequences of ten peptides from akbu-laao were established by hplc-nesi-ms/ms analysis. protein sequence alignment indicated that i) that akbu-laao is a new snake venom laao ...201020100538
clumping factor a interaction with complement factor i increases c3b cleavage on the bacterial surface of staphylococcus aureus and decreases complement-mediated phagocytosis.the human complement system is important in the immunological control of staphylococcus aureus infection. we showed previously that s. aureus surface protein clumping factor a (clfa), when expressed in recombinant form, bound complement control protein factor i and increased factor i cleavage of c3b to ic3b. in the present study, we show that, compared to the results for the wild type, when isogenic clfa-deficient s. aureus mutants were incubated in serum, they bound less factor i, generated les ...201020100856
activity of linezolid in an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model using different dosages and staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis strains with and without a hypermutator phenotype.the influence of antibiotic dosages and bacterial mutator phenotypes on the emergence of linezolid-resistant mutants was evaluated in an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. a twice-daily 0.5-h infusion of a 200-, 600-, or 800-mg dose for 48 h was simulated against four strains (mic, 2 microg/ml): staphylococcus aureus rn4220 and its mutator derivative muts2, enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212, and a mutator clinical strain of e. faecalis, ef1497. the peak concentrations (4.38 to 4.79, ...201020100878
late bacterial endocarditis of an amplatzer atrial septal defect occluder device.a 66-year-old man with a large secundum atrial septal defect (asd) that had been repaired percutaneously 30 months previously with an amplatzer asd occluder (aso) presented with fevers and staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. transesophageal echocardiography revealed a 1.5 x 1.5 cm mobile mass on the left atrial side of his aso consistent with a vegetation. when the aso was explanted, the left atrial side of the device was poorly endothelialized. in conclusion, the present report is the first descr ...201020102932
synthetic cationic peptide idr-1002 provides protection against bacterial infections through chemokine induction and enhanced leukocyte recruitment.with the rapid rise in the incidence of multidrug resistant infections, there is substantial interest in host defense peptides as templates for production of new antimicrobial therapeutics. natural peptides are multifunctional mediators of the innate immune response, with some direct antimicrobial activity and diverse immunomodulatory properties. we have previously developed an innate defense regulator (idr) 1, with protective activity against bacterial infection mediated entirely through its ef ...201020107187
enhanced expression and secretion of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis and after superficial skin injury.human skin can defend itself against potentially invading microorganisms by production of antimicrobial peptides (amps). the expression of amps in atopic dermatitis (ad) is still emerging. to gain more insight into the role of amps in ad, we systematically analyzed the expression of ribonuclease 7 (rnase 7), psoriasin, and human beta-defensins (hbd)-2 and -3 in ad compared with psoriatic and healthy control skin as well as after experimental barrier disruption. immunostaining revealed enhanced e ...201020107483
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