Publications

[comparison of chain breaks produced in dna in vivo by gamma rays and neutrons; hypothesis of a new dna radiolesion].	using the method of alkaline elution for the treatment of cell dna in chinese hamster fibroblasts irradiated with low doses of either cobalt-60 gamma rays or p (34 mev) be neutrons, we determined the kinetics of radio-induced strand breaks. the comparison gamma rays-neutrons reveals important discrepancies which suggest that neutrons induce a so for unknown reaction in dna simultaneously with single and double strand breakage. this observation could contribute to explain the high rbe value of hi ...	2014	3930008
[influence on serum insulin concentration of sodium glymidine (glykodiazine), isopropylnorepinephrine, glucagon and theophylline in chinese hamsters with spontaneous or streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus].		2014	4269691
quantitative tritium autoradiography of mammalian chromosomes. ii. the kinetics of dna synthesis in individual chromosomes of chinese hamster fibroblasts.		2014	4249899
[proceedings: comparative studies of chromosome stripe pattern in giemsa and fluorescent staining of gonosomal and somatic cells in chinese hamsters].		2014	4142250
hyperthermia-induced cell death, thermotolerance, and heat shock proteins in normal, respiration-deficient, and glycolysis-deficient chinese hamster cells.	hyperthermia-induced cell inactivation, thermotolerance development, and heat shock protein synthesis were characterized in a chinese hamster cell line and its two derivatives, respectively, deficient in glycolysis and respiration. no difference was found in the intrinsic thermosensitivity of the cells or in their ability to respond to heat by developing thermotolerance and synthesizing the heat shock proteins. the results indicate that the direct thermal inactivation of either respiration or gl ...	2014	3940198
study of the bone marrow penetration of radioactivity after oral administration of radiolabelled girisopam (egis-5810) in mice.	girisopam (egis-5810) is a potent anxiolytic compound. recent in vitro studies with the substance, in chinese hamster ovary cells, indicated dose-dependent mutagenic activity. at the same time, in ex vivo bone marrow micronucleus tests performed after treating cflp mice with extreme oral doses (875, 1300 and 1750 mg/kg) no mutagenic activity could be observed at any of the dose-levels. on the basis of the above results, it seemed reasonable to study the absorption and distribution of radioactivi ...	2014	9706308
effect of caffeine on gamma-ray induced g2 arrest in well-synchronized chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro.	g1-rich cells were separated from exponentially growing asynchronous cultured chinese hamster ovary (cho-k1) cells by centrifugal elutriation and a coulter counter. the g1-rich cells were incubated in medium that contained hydroxyurea (hu) to kill s phase cells and obtain the purest g1/s boundary cells possible. the hu-treated cells were washed, and were again incubated, in medium without hu, to allow these well-synchronized g1/s boundary cells to progress to s and g2/m phases. at various times ...	2014	9132811
[effects of a medium ph on the ability of chinese hamster cells to repair radiation injuries].	in experiments with chinese hamster cells at exponential and stationary growth phases, it has been shown that the postirradiation incubation of irradiated cells in a medium with low ph (up to 6.0) promotes the recovery of cells from potentially lethal damages; it has also been found that the recovery from sublethal radiation damages does not depend on the medium ph. the long-term incubation of nonirradiated cells with low phc causes death of part of cells.	2014	1494659
[mutations of resistance to 6-thioguanine following roentgen irradiation and subsequent treatment with cytosine arabinoside combined with hydroxyurea in chinese hamster cells in the g1 phase].	a study was made of the effect of two-hour treatment of chinese hamster cells with cytosine arabinoside (arac) combined with hydroxyurea (hu) at the g1 phase of the cell cycle on lethal and mutagenic effects of x-radiation (50 to 400 cgy). the inhibitors were shown to increase a spontaneous mutation level of the resistance to 6-thioguanine: this increase augmented by 3 times as the time the treatment increased from 1-2 to 6 h. however, while sharply enhancing the inactivating effect of x-radiati ...	2014	3057533
[interphase death of dividing cells. relation of the death of cultured chinese hamster fibroblasts to the inter- and extracellular ph].	in studying interphase death (id) of dividing cells from chinese hamster fibroblast culture a differently directed relationship between id rate and ph has been shown: the id rate increases with ph increasing from 6.6 to 8.1 and decreases with ph from 5.0 to 6.6. the dependence is the same as that observed with lymphoid cells. with radiation doses increasing from 100 to 600 gy and ph defined, the id rate increases.	2014	2251360
[the role of dna repair processes in the repair of cytogenetic disorders. the participation of slow to repair dna damage in the repair of cytogenetic disorders].	caffeine was used to study the kinetics of cytogenetic damages repair in chinese hamster fibroblasts. its half-time (90 min) was shown to correlate with that of repair of slowly repaired dna damages. the caffeine-induced increase in the number of irreparable dna damages, attributed to inhibition of double-strand break repair, is in a quantitative correlation with the effect of the cytogenetic damage modification.	2014	2616764
[modeling, using nucleases, of the effect of radiation on chinese hamster fibroblasts. on the role of single-stranded dna breaks, induced by dnaase i, in the initiation of chromosome aberrations].	dnaase i injected to chinese hamster fibroblast cells resulted in the chromosome aberration induction at all stages of the cell cycle and death of cells. comparison of the effects of dnaase i and gamma-radiation on chinese hamster cells showed that with close values of the induced dna breaks there were close values of the cytogenetic damage and the number of dna damages per aberrant cell.	2014	2616750
[role of the processes of repair of dna damage in the repair of cytogenetic disorders. participation of the repair of dna single-strand breaks in the repair of cytogenetic disorders].	a comparison was made between the results of the effect of poly(adp-ribosylation) inhibitors (e.g. nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide) and a chromatin proteinase inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, on the cytogenetic damages repair, by a micronucleus test and dna repair in chinese hamster fibroblasts. the values of the repair half-periods (5-7 min for the cytogenetic damages and 5 min for the rapidly repaired dna damages) and a similar modifying effect with regard to radiation cytogenetic da ...	2014	2685864
[the interphase death of dividing cells. the relation of interphase death to cell energy requirements].	in experiments with irradiated cells of chinese hamster and ehrlich ascites tumor a study was made of the influence of energy provision on their interphase death rate. the presence of the uncoupler of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation--carbonyl cyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone--in a medium without glucose was shown to drastically increase the interphase death rate of cells of both types, whereas this effect was not observed in a medium with glucose.	2014	2371401
syngeneic fibroblasts transfected with a plasmid encoding interleukin-4 as non-viral vectors for anti-inflammatory gene therapy in collagen-induced arthritis.	no effective long-term treatment is available for rheumatoid arthritis. recent advances in gene therapy and cell therapy have demonstrated efficiency in collagen-induced arthritis (cia). interleukin-4 (il-4) is already known to be efficient in cia in systemic injection or administered by gene therapy. this study was designed to evaluate the effect of a non-viral gene therapy of cia, involving injection of syngeneic fibroblasts transfected with a plasmid encoding for il-4.	2014	12112647
thermal enhancement of pirarubicin (thp-adriamycin) by mild hyperthermia in vitro.	it has been demonstrated that hyperthermia can enhance the cytotoxicity of several anticancer drugs. pirarubicin (thp-adriamycin) is a less cardiotoxic derivative of adriamycin. the thermal enhancement of cytotoxicity of pirarubicin was studied at various elevated temperatures in vitro by using a chinese hamster cell line, v79. cell survival curves were obtained at elevated temperatures for v79 cells treated with heat given alone or in combination with pirarubicin, and d0, the treatment time to ...	2014	9222814
study of dna damage induced by dental bleaching agents in vitro.	dental bleaching is a simple and conservative procedure for aesthetic restoration of vital and non-vital discolored teeth. nevertheless, a number of studies have demonstrated the risk of tissue damage from the contact of these agents with the oral mucosa. in the current study, the genotoxic potential associated with exposure to dental bleaching agents was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay in vitro. chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells in vitro were exposed to six commercial dental bleac ...	2014	16729174
two doses of humanized anti-cd25 antibody in renal transplantation: a preliminary comparative study.	hucd25mab is a humanized anti-cd25 antibody which has the same amino acid sequence as daclizumab (zenapax, roche). hucd25mab is expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells while daclizumab is expressed in the nso myeloma cell line. a comparative study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between hucd25mab and daclizumab in a two-dose regimen incorporating triple immunosuppressant treatment regimens (mmf, csa and steroids). fifteen patients were enrolled and rand ...	2014	20046574
paradoxical glucagon response in perifused islets of the diabetic chinese hamster.	dynamic insulin and glucagon response to glucose was examined in the perifusion system to investigate the relationship between pancreatic hormone content and the pattern of hormone secretion in diabetic chinese hamsters of the asahikawa colony (cha). isolated islets of normals and diabetics from the cha were perifused. when the medium was changed to high glucose (500 mg/dl), a low insulin response and paradoxical glucagon response were seen in diabetics compared with normals. positive correlatio ...	2014	3915266
[induction of mutations resistant to 6-thioguanine by fast neutrons in cultured chinese hamster cells].	a study was made of induction of mutations, resistant to 6-thioguanine (tgr), and reproductive death of chinese hamster cells after irradiation by fission-spectrum fast neutrons (mean energy of 0.75 mev) with doses of 10-130 cgy. a high relative biological effectiveness (rbe) of fast neutrons was shown. the maximum rbe values (13-16) were within the dose range inducing minimum mutagenic and lethal effects. rbe decreased with the dose increase. inspite of high mutagenic effectiveness of neutrons, ...	2014	4070567
the influence of ionic environment on the thermal response of cultured mammalian cells.	chinese hamster cells exposed to monovalent or divalent ionic solutions were sensitized to hyperthermia treatment. thermosensitization was dependent on the type of cationic salt. divalent salt solutions caused greater sensitization than monovalent salt solutions. the addition of glucose or the reduction of ph in the salt solutions did not alter thermosensitivity.	2014	3836280
[effect of natural and synthetic acid polypeptides on normal and gamma-irradiated cells of the chinese hamster].		2014	740860
protection against misonidazole-induced toxicity in vitro by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.	overnight exposure of chinese hamster cells, v-79-753b, to certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (nsaia) including indomethacin (5 x 10(-5)m), benoxaprofen (5 x 10(-5)m) or aspirin (10(-4)m) protected against misonidazole-induced toxicity both in air and in hypoxia at 37 degrees c. in no instance was the radiosensitivity of cells affected by these treatments nor was there any effect on the amount of acute hypoxic cell radiosensitization produced by 1.0 mm misonidazole. there was no prot ...	2014	7107416
[effect of heavy ions on mammalian cells. 1. cytogenetic effects of irradiation of the cells of chinese hamster with accelerated helium, carbon and neon ions].		2014	7178435
pre-coating layered double hydroxide nanoparticles with albumin to improve colloidal stability and cellular uptake.	one of the major challenges for nanoparticles to be used as a drug/gene delivery platform is their tendency to aggregate in electrolyte solution (physiological environment). the present work introduced the albumin pre-coating strategy that effectively prevented inorganic layered double hydroxide (ldh) nanoparticles with different sizes and interlayer anions from aggregation in phosphate buffer saline and cell culture medium solutions. we found that the key factors influencing the colloidal stabi ...	2015	32262327
fluorodeoxyuridine-induced sex differences in baseline sister-chromatid exchanges in c57bl/6 mice and chinese hamsters.	the baseline sister-chromatid exchanges (sces) and the percentage of first (m1), second (m2) and third or higher metaphase (m3+) chromosomes were analysed in bone-marrow cells of male and female c57bl/6 mice and chinese hamsters following serial intraperitoneal injections of 40 micrograms/g body weight (b.w.) of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdurd) and 2 micrograms/g b.w. of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (fdurd) or 40 micrograms/g b.w. of brdurd and 10 micrograms/g b.w. of deoxycytidine (dc). female animals ...	2015	3158808
applying acylated fucose analogues to metabolic glycoengineering.	manipulations of cell surface glycosylation or glycan decoration of selected proteins hold immense potential for exploring structure-activity relations or increasing glycoprotein quality. metabolic glycoengineering describes the strategy where exogenously supplied sugar analogues intercept biosynthetic pathways and are incorporated into glycoconjugates. low membrane permeability, which so far limited the large-scale adaption of this technology, can be addressed by the introduction of acylated mo ...	2015	28952479
genotoxic, teratotoxic and oral toxic assessments of antrodia cinnamomea health food product (leader deluxe antrodia cinnamomea®).	antrodia cinnamomea is a rare and endemic medicinal mushroom native to taiwan. the pharmacological effects of a. cinnamomea have been extensively studied. the aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxic, oral toxic and teratotoxic effects of a. cinnamomea health food product ⿿leader deluxe antrodia cinnamomea (ldac)⿿⿿ using in vitro and in vivo tests. the ames test with 5 strains of salmonella typhimurium showed no signs of increased reverse mutation upon exposure to ldac up to concentr ...	2015	28962482
the nucleobase adenine as a signalling molecule in the kidney.	in 2002, the first receptor activated by the nucleobase adenine was discovered in rats. in the past years, two adenine receptors (aders) in mice and one in chinese hamsters, all of which belong to the family of g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs), were cloned and pharmacologically characterized. based on the nomenclature for other purinergic receptor families (p1 for adenosine receptors and p2 for nucleotide, e.g. atp, receptors), aders were designated p0 receptors. pharmacological data indicate ...	2015	25627062
electron microscopic cytochemical study of phosphatases during spermiogenesis in chinese hamster.		2015	4376970
isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants in a chinese hamster cell line.		2015	4345380
a mammalian cell mutant with a temperature-sensitive leucyl-transfer rna synthetase.	a cell mutant of the chinese hamster ovary line, which is temperature sensitive for protein synthesis, is specifically defective in vivo in its ability to charge trna with leucine. cytoplasmic extracts exhibited temperature-sensitive leucyl-trna synthetase activity. it is, therefore, highly likely that the mutant has a structural alteration in leucyl-trna synthetase. the low leakiness and low reversion rate of this mutant, combined with the specificity of the defect in its protein-synthesizing m ...	2015	4361675
synchronization of chinese hamster cell cultures with colcemid.		2015	4420905
isolation of a clone of chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in plant lectin-binding sites.	ricin, a galactose-binding lectin with potent cytotoxic activity, was used to select a clone of chinese hamster ovary cells with altered plant lectin-binding properties. the clone (15b) is 80-fold less sensitive to the toxic action of ricin than the parent line. in the absence of ricin, it grows both in monolayer and suspension culture with a normal generation time. plating efficiency, however, is significantly reduced. relative to the parent cells, its binding of the ricinus communis lectins, p ...	2015	4524616
expression time and spontaneous mutability in the estimation of induced mutation frequency following treatment of chinese hamster cells by ultraviolet light.		2015	4672944
production of stable bispecific igg1 by controlled fab-arm exchange: scalability from bench to large-scale manufacturing by application of standard approaches.	the manufacturing of bispecific antibodies can be challenging for a variety of reasons. for example, protein expression problems, stability issues, or the use of non-standard approaches for manufacturing can result in poor yield or poor facility fit. in this paper, we demonstrate the use of standard antibody platforms for large-scale manufacturing of bispecific igg1 by controlled fab-arm exchange. two parental antibodies that each contain a single matched point mutation in the ch3 region were se ...	2015	23995617
comparison of five different in vitro assays for assessment of sodium metavanadate cytotoxicity in chinese hamster ovary cells (cho-k1 line).	this investigation was undertaken to compare five different in vitro cytotoxicity assays for their power in revealing vanadium-mediated toxicity in chinese hamster ovary (cho)-k1 cells. the cells were exposed to sodium metavanadate (navo(3)) in the range of 10-1000 µm for 24 h and thereafter the cytotoxic effects of navo(3) were measured by colorimetric in vitro assays: the neutral red (nr) test, the 2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2h-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt (xtt) assay, ...	2015	23524879
galactosylation variations in marketed therapeutic antibodies.	there are currently ~25 recombinant full-length iggs (riggs) in the market that have been approved by regulatory agencies as biotherapeutics to treat various human diseases. most of these are based on igg1k framework and are either chimeric, humanized or human antibodies manufactured using either chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells or mouse myeloma cells as the expression system. because cho and mouse myeloma cells are mammalian cells, riggs produced in these cell lines are typically n-glycosylate ...	2015	22531450
evaluation of the toxic activity of anorectic diethylpropion in chinese hamster ovary cells.	diethylpropion has been available in the market for treating obesity for over 50 years. refined studies are lacking to fully elucidate its action spectrum. the aim of our study was to evaluate possible toxic effects of anorectic diethylpropion in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. comet assay (detects breaks in the dna strand), micronucleus test (detects clastogenic/aneugenic damage), and cell survival test (detects cytotoxic damage) were used to evaluate the toxic effects. in comet assay, we fo ...	2015	25005806
use of a small molecule cell cycle inhibitor to control cell growth and improve specific productivity and product quality of recombinant proteins in cho cell cultures.	the continued need to improve therapeutic recombinant protein productivity has led to ongoing assessment of appropriate strategies in the biopharmaceutical industry to establish robust processes with optimized critical variables, that is, viable cell density (vcd) and specific productivity (product per cell, qp). even though high vcd is a positive factor for titer, uncontrolled proliferation beyond a certain cell mass is also undesirable. to enable efficient process development to achieve consis ...	2015	25042542
xrcc5 as a risk gene for alcohol dependence: evidence from a genome-wide gene-set-based analysis and follow-up studies in drosophila and humans.	genetic factors have as large role as environmental factors in the etiology of alcohol dependence (ad). although genome-wide association studies (gwas) enable systematic searches for loci not hitherto implicated in the etiology of ad, many true findings may be missed owing to correction for multiple testing. the aim of the present study was to circumvent this limitation by searching for biological system-level differences, and then following up these findings in humans and animals. gene-set-base ...	2015	25035082
characterization of the effects of cl⁻ channel modulators on tmem16a and bestrophin-1 ca²⁺ activated cl⁻ channels.	the ca(2+) activated cl(-) channels (caccs) play a multitude of important physiological functions. a number of candidate proteins have been proposed to form cacc, but only two families, the bestrophins and the tmem16 proteins, recapitulate the properties of native cacc in expression systems. studies of endogenous caccs are hindered by the lack of specific pharmacology as most cl(-) channel modulators lack selectivity and a systematic comparison of the effects of these modulators on tmem16a and b ...	2015	25078708
bafilomycin l, a new inhibitor of cholesteryl ester synthesis in mammalian cells, produced by marine-derived streptomyces sp. opma00072.	marine-derived streptomyces sp. opma00072 was found to produce inhibitors of the synthesis of neutral lipids in a cell-based assay using chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. a new 16-membered macrolide named bafilomycin l (bfl) (1) was isolated along with the known structurally related bafilomycin c1 (bfc1) (3) from the culture broth of the actinomycete by solvent extraction, octadecylsilyl column chromatography and hplc. bfl inhibited cholesteryl ester (ce) synthesis in cho cells with an ic50 val ...	2015	25095804
in vitro biological characterization of ifn-β-1a major glycoforms.	recombinant human interferon β-1a (ifn-β-1a) is extensively used as the first-line treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. its glycosylation is recognized as having a complex impact on a wide range of molecule characteristics and functions. the present study reports the enrichment of ifn-β-1a glycoforms and their physicochemical and biological characterization by means of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, sialic acid content, thermal denaturation and various in vitro bioassa ...	2015	25117008
mutagenicity and clastogenicity evaluation of metaphenoxy benzyl chloride by ames and micronucleus assays.	metaphenoxy benzyl chloride (3-pbc; cas # 53874-66-1) is a commonly used intermediate in organic synthesis and is a widely used chemical building block. there is likelihood of human contact with 3-pbc in the process of organic or pesticide synthesis and even through as impurity in the product. further, this chemical has been reported to be found in water reservoirs causing a threat to aqueous flaura and fauna. genotoxic alert has been suspected for the chemical 3-pbc based on its structure hence ...	2015	25109298
design of serum-free medium for suspension culture of cho cells on the basis of general commercial media.	the design of serum-free media for suspension culture of genetically engineered chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using general commercial media as a basis was investigated. subcultivation using a commercial serum-free medium containing insulin-like growth factor (igf)-1 with or without fcs necessitated additives other than igf-1 to compensate for the lack of fcs and improve cell growth. suspension culture with media containing several combinations of growth factors suggested the effectiveness o ...	2015	25149286
protective effects of ascorbic acid against the genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by 3,5-dimethylaminophenol in aa8 cells.	exposure to monocyclic aromatic alkylanilines (maas), namely 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-dma), 3,5-dimethylaniline (3,5-dma) and 3-ethylaniline (3-ea), was significantly and independently associated with bladder cancer incidence. 3,5-dmap (3,5-dimethylaminophenol), a metabolite of 3,5-dma, was shown to induce an imbalance in cytotoxicity cellular antioxidant/oxidant status, and dna damage in mammalian cell lines. this study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ascorbic acid (asc) again ...	2015	25178734
bodipy(®) fl histamine as a new modality for quantitative detection of histamine receptor upregulation upon ige sensitization in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells.	flow cytometry is one of the most widely used methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cell surface expressed proteins by making use of fluorescent specific antibodies. lacking an antibody validated for flow cytometry, an alternative approach for labeling cell surface receptors is the use of fluorescently tagged ligands. in this study, histamine h4 receptor transfected chinese hamster ovary cells and murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (mbmmcs) were selected for studying the po ...	2015	25212523
amino acid and glucose metabolism in fed-batch cho cell culture affects antibody production and glycosylation.	fed-batch chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell culture is the most commonly used process for igg production in the biopharmaceutical industry. amino acid and glucose consumption, cell growth, metabolism, antibody titer, and n-glycosylation patterns are always the major concerns during upstream process optimization, especially media optimization. gaining knowledge on their interrelations could provide insight for obtaining higher immunoglobulin g (igg) titer and better controlling glycosylation-relat ...	2015	25220616
genotoxicity of 1-methylpyrene and 1-hydroxymethylpyrene in chinese hamster v79-derived cells expressing both human cyp2e1 and sult1a1.	1-methylpyrene (1-mp) is a widespread pollutant that is carcinogenic in animals following metabolic activation. previous studies have shown that benzylic hydroxylation of 1-mp, catalyzed by multiple cyp isoforms, gives rise to 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (1-hmp), which becomes bioreactive following further metabolism by various sulfotransferase (sult) isoforms. however, the mutagenic and chromosome damaging effects of 1-mp and 1-hmp in mammalian cells have not been investigated. in this study a chines ...	2015	25243916
monitoring change in refractive index of cytosol of animal cells on affinity surface under osmotic stimulus for label-free measurement of viability.	we demonstrated that a metal-clad waveguide (mcw)-based biosensor can be applied to label-free measurements of viability of adherent animal cells with osmotic stimulation in real time. after chinese hamster ovary (cho) and human embryonic kidney cell 293 (hek293) cells were attached to a concanavalin a (con a)-modified sensor surface, the magnitudes of cell responses to non-isotonic stimulation were compared between live and dead cells. the live cells exhibited a change in the refractive index ( ...	2015	25232665
raloxifene inhibits cloned kv4.3 channels in an estrogen receptor-independent manner.	raloxifene is widely used for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. we examined the effects of raloxifene on the kv4.3 currents expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and on the long-term modulation of kv4.3 messenger rna (mrna) by real-time pcr analysis. raloxifene decreased the kv4.3 currents with an ic50 of 2.0 μm and accelerated the inactivation and activation kinetics in a concentration-dependent manner. the inhibitor ...	2015	25231973
phenylarsine oxide as a redox modulator of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel function.	transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (trpv1) channels are capable of detecting and integrating noxious stimuli and play an important role in nociceptor activation and sensitization. it has been demonstrated that oxidizing agents are capable of positively modulating (sensitizing) the trpv1 channel. the present study investigates the ability of the thiol-oxidizing agent phenylarsine oxide (pao) to modulate trpv1 currents under voltage-clamp conditions. we assessed the ability of pao to mo ...	2015	25250537
genomic organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes in the chinese hamster (cricetulus griseus).	in science, the hamsters are widely used as a model for studying the human diseases because they display many features like humans. the utility of the chinese hamster as a biology model can be further enhanced by further characterization of the genes encoding components of the immune system. here, we report the genomic organization and expression of the chinese hamster immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes. the chinese hamster igh locus contains 268 vh segments (132 potentially functional g ...	2015	25271137
fluorescence-based, high-throughput assays for μ-opioid receptor activation using a membrane potential-sensitive dye.	the development of new and improved opioid analgesics requires high-throughput screening (hts) methods to identify potential therapeutics from large libraries of lead compounds. here we describe two simple, real-time fluorescence-based assays of μ-opioid receptor activation that may be scaled up for hts. in att-20 cells expressing the μ-opioid receptor (mopr), opioids activate endogenous g protein gated inwardly rectifying k channels (girk channels), leading to membrane hyperpolarization. in chi ...	2015	25293325
backbone (1)h, (13)c, and (15)n resonance assignments of the fc fragment of human immunoglobulin g glycoprotein.	the fc portion of immunoglobulin g (igg) recruits complements and its cognate receptors, thereby promoting defensive mechanisms in the humoral immune system. these effector functions critically depend on n-glycosylation at the fc region, which is therefore regarded as a crucial factor in the design and production of therapeutic antibodies. nmr spectroscopy plays a unique role in the characterization of conformational dynamics and intermolecular interactions of igg-fc in solutions. here, we repor ...	2015	25291979
versatile cellular uptake mediated by catanionic vesicles: simultaneous spontaneous membrane fusion and endocytosis.	lactose-derived catanionic vesicles offer unique opportunities to overcome cellular barriers. these potential nanovectors, very easy to formulate as drug delivery systems, are able to encapsulate drugs of various hydrophilicity. this article highlights versatile interaction mechanisms between these catanionic vesicles, labeled with hydrophilic and amphiphilic fluorescent probes, and a mammalian cell line, chinese hamster ovary. confocal microscopy and flow cytometry techniques show that these ve ...	2015	25310849
salmeterol's extreme β2 selectivity is due to residues in both extracellular loops and transmembrane domains.	salmeterol is a long-acting β2-agonist, widely used as an inhaled treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. it has very high β2-affinity (log kd -8.95) and is very selective for the β2-adrenoceptor (1000-fold selectivity over the β1-adrenoceptor). this study used a mutagenesis approach to determine the exact amino acids in the human β2-adrenoceptor responsible for this very high selectivity. wild-type β2- and β1-adrenoceptors, chimeric β2/β1-adrenoceptors, and receptors with ...	2015	25324048
on dynamically generating relevant elementary flux modes in a metabolic network using optimization.	elementary flux modes (efms) are pathways through a metabolic reaction network that connect external substrates to products. using efms, a metabolic network can be transformed into its macroscopic counterpart, in which the internal metabolites have been eliminated and only external metabolites remain. in efms-based metabolic flux analysis (mfa) experimentally determined external fluxes are used to estimate the flux of each efm. it is in general prohibitive to enumerate all efms for complex netwo ...	2015	25323319
the effect of organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1b1, 1b3 and 2b1 on the antitumor activity of flavopiridol in breast cancer cells.	the contribution of organic anion transporting polypeptides (oatps) to the cellular uptake of flavopiridol was investigated in oatp1b1-, oatp1b3- and oatp2b1-expressing chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. uptake of flavopiridol into these cells showed typical michaelis-menten kinetics with much higher transport capacity for oatp1b3 compared to oatp1b1 and oatp2b1 (vmax/km, 33.9 vs. 8.84 and 2.41 µl/mg/min, respectively). the predominant role of oatps was further supported by a dramatic inhibition ...	2015	25351763
production of bispecific antibodies in "knobs-into-holes" using a cell-free expression system.	bispecific antibodies have emerged in recent years as a promising field of research for therapies in oncology, inflammable diseases, and infectious diseases. their capability of dual target recognition allows for novel therapeutic hypothesis to be tested, where traditional mono-specific antibodies would lack the needed mode of target engagement. among extremely diverse architectures of bispecific antibodies, knobs-into-holes (kihs) technology, which involves engineering ch3 domains to create eit ...	2015	25427258
representative mammalian cell culture test materials for assessment of primary recovery technologies: a rapid method with industrial applicability.	mammalian cell culture material is often difficult to produce accurately and reproducibly for downstream studies. this article presents a methodology for the creation of a set of cell culture test materials where key variables including cell density, cell viability, product, and the host cell protein (hcp) load can be manipulated individually. the methodology was developed using a glutamine synthetase chinese hamster ovary cell line cultured at 5-l and 70-l scales. cell concentration post-cell g ...	2015	25377169
fluorescence techniques used to measure interactions between hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and epidermal growth factor receptors.	the potential applications of nanomaterials in therapeutics are immense and to fully explore this potential, it is important to understand the interaction of nanoparticles with cellular components. to examine the interaction between nanoparticles and cell membrane receptors, this report describes the use of advanced fluorescence techniques to measure interactions between hydroxyapatite (ha) nanoparticles and epidermal growth factor receptors (egfrs), as a model system. fitc-labelled ha nanoparti ...	2015	25367700
a hybrid dielectrophoretic and hydrophoretic microchip for particle sorting using integrated prefocusing and sorting steps.	this work explores dielectrophoresis (dep)-active hydrophoresis in sorting particles and cells. the device consists of prefocusing region and sorting region with great potential to be integrated into advanced lab-on-a-chip bioanalysis devices. particles or cells can be focused in the prefocusing region and then sorted in the sorting region. the dep-active hydrophoretic sorting is not only based on size but also on dielectric properties of the particles or cells of interest without any labelling. ...	2015	25363719
a statistical approach to determining criticality of residual host cell dna.	we propose a method for determining the criticality of residual host cell dna, which is characterized through two attributes, namely the size and amount of residual dna in biopharmaceutical product. by applying a mechanistic modeling approach to the problem, we establish the linkage between residual dna and product safety measured in terms of immunogenicity, oncogenicity, and infectivity. such a link makes it possible to establish acceptable ranges of residual dna size and amount. application of ...	2015	25358029
structural rearrangements in cho cells after disruption of individual cytoskeletal elements and plasma membrane.	cellular structural integrity is provided primarily by the cytoskeleton, which comprises microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments. the plasma membrane has been also recognized as a mediator of physical forces, yet its contribution to the structural integrity of the cell as a whole is less clear. in order to investigate the relationship between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton, we selectively disrupted the plasma membrane and each of the cytoskeletal elements in chinese h ...	2015	25395197
gpihbp1 missense mutations often cause multimerization of gpihbp1 and thereby prevent lipoprotein lipase binding.	gpihbp1, a gpi-anchored protein of capillary endothelial cells, binds lipoprotein lipase (lpl) in the subendothelial spaces and shuttles it to the capillary lumen. gpihbp1 missense mutations that interfere with lpl binding cause familial chylomicronemia.	2015	25387803
air sparging for prevention of antibody disulfide bond reduction in harvested cho cell culture fluid.	during the scale-up of several chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell monoclonal antibody production processes, significant reduction of the antibody interchain disulfide bonds was observed. the reduction was correlated with excessive mechanical cell shear during the harvest operations. these antibody reduction events resulted in failed product specifications and the subsequent loss of the drug substance batches. several methods were recently developed to prevent antibody reduction, including modifyin ...	2015	25384896
gene expression pattern of kifc3 during spermatogenesis of the skink eumeces chinensis.	kinesin superfamily is a class of microtubule-dependent motors that play crucial roles in acrosome biogenesis, nuclear reshaping and flagellum formation during spermiogenesis. we have cloned kinesin-like gene kifc3 (termed ec-kifc3) from the total rna of the testis of the skink eumeces chinensis. the cdna sequence of ec-kifc3 had a full-length of 3033bp, including a 260bp 5'-untranslated region (5'utr), a 445bp 3'-untranslated region (3'utr) and an open reading frame that encoded a 775-amino-aci ...	2015	25434495
synthesis and evaluation in rats of the dopamine d2/3 receptor agonist 18f-amc20 as a potential radioligand for pet.	dopamine d(2/3) receptor (d(2/3)r) agonist pet tracers are better suited for the imaging of synaptic dopaminergic neurotransmission than d(2/3)r antagonists and may also offer the opportunity to study in vivo the high-affinity state of d(2/3)r (d(2/3)rhigh). with the aim to develop (18)f-labeled d2/3r agonists suitable for widespread clinical application, we report here on the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a d(2/3)r agonist ligand from the aminomethyl chromane (amc) class-(r)- ...	2015	25476538
evaluation of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of three ginkgolic acids.	ginkgolic acids (gas) are alkylphenols which can be found in the fruits and leaves of ginkgo biloba l. (ginkgoaceae) used in herbal teas, drugs and food supplements. standardized leaf extracts of g. biloba are widely used in the therapy of cognitive decline including alzheimer's diseases. however, gas are known to have cytotoxic and allergenic potential and are suspected to possess genotoxic properties. therefore, we examined in this study the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of three major gas wit ...	2015	25448085
low dosage of rimonabant leads to anxiolytic-like behavior via inhibiting expression levels and g-protein activity of kappa opioid receptors in a cannabinoid receptor independent manner.	there is an increasing number of studies demonstrating the direct effect of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (cb1) antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant on the opioid system. the kappa opioid receptors (kors) are well known to mediate depression- and anxiety-like behavior. clinical studies on chronic rimonabant administration have revealed that rimonabant leads to a very similar pathophysiology, suggesting a potential impact of rimonabant on kors.	2015	25446673
overexpression of serpinb1 in chinese hamster ovary cells increases recombinant igg productivity.	we report the discovery and validation of a novel cho cell engineering target for improving igg expression, serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade b, member 1 (serpinb1). transcriptomic studies using microarrays revealed that serpinb1 was up-regulated in cultures with igg heavy and light chain transcription transiently repressed compared with cultures treated with non-targeting sirna. as proof of concept, a lentiviral vector was employed to overexpress the chinese hamster serpinb1 in a chozn(®) gluta ...	2015	25444873
canavanine induces insulin release via activation of imidazoline i3 receptors.	the aim of the present study was to identify the effect of canavanine on the imidazoline receptor because canavanine is a guanidinium derivative that has a similar structure to imidazoline receptor ligands. transfected chinese hamster ovary-k1 cells expressing imidazoline receptors (nischarin (nisch)-cho-k1 cells) were used to elucidate the direct effects of canavanine on imidazoline receptors. in addition, the imidazoline i3 receptor has been implicated in stimulation of insulin secretion from ...	2015	25482045
comparison of sybr green and taqman real-time pcr methods for quantitative detection of residual cho host-cell dna in biopharmaceuticals.	the chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell line is one of the predominant hosts used in the bioproduction of pharmaceutical proteins. there have been many concerns about the use of animal cell lines in biopharm industries, and one of the most important concerns has been residual host-cell dna. improper integration of residual dna into the recipient genomes could activate oncogenes or deactivate tumor suppressor genes. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a routine assay method used in the quan ...	2015	25481729
comparison of methods for the analysis of therapeutic immunoglobulin g fc-glycosylation profiles--part 1: separation-based methods.	immunoglobulin g (igg) crystallizable fragment (fc) glycosylation is crucial for antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and for their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics behavior. to monitor the fc-glycosylation in bioprocess development, as well as product characterization and release analytics, reliable techniques for glycosylation analysis are needed. a wide range of analytical methods has found its way into these applications. in this study, a co ...	2015	25524468
modulation of calcium signaling of angiotensin at1, endothelin eta, and etb receptors by silibinin, quercetin, crocin, diallyl sulfides, and ginsenoside rb1.	angiotensin ii and endothelin-1 are potent vasoconstrictive peptides that play a central role in blood pressure regulation. both peptides exert their pleiotropic effects via binding to their respective g-protein-coupled receptors, i.e., angiotensin at1 and endothelin type a and type b receptors. in the present study, we have selected six structurally different plant-derived compounds with known cardioprotective properties to evaluate their ability to modulate calcium signaling of the above-menti ...	2015	25519917
bryostatin-1 causes radiosensitization of bmg-1 malignant glioma cells through differential activation of protein kinase-cδ not evident in the non-malignant aa8 fibroblasts.	bryostatin-1 (bryo-1), a non-phorbol ester, is known to sensitize mammalian cells against certain chemotherapeutic drugs. we assessed its ability to modify radiation response of mammalian cells using chinese hamster fibroblasts aa8 cells and human malignant glioma bmg-1 cells. in the malignant glioma bmg-1 cell line, bryo-1 pre-treatment significantly enhanced radiation-induced growth inhibition and cytogenetic damage, and further reduced the clonogenic cell survival as compared to cells irradia ...	2015	25472878
effect of temperature shift on levels of acidic charge variants in igg monoclonal antibodies in chinese hamster ovary cell culture.	during the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mabs), not only enhancement of mab productivity but also control of quality attributes is critical. charge variants, which are among the most important quality attributes, can substantially affect the in vitro and in vivo properties of mabs. during process development for the production of mabs in a chinese hamster ovary cell line, we have observed that an improvement in mab titer is accompanied by an increase in the content of acidic c ...	2015	25466646
biodirected synthesis of miconazole-conjugated bacterial silver nanoparticles and their application as antifungal agents and drug delivery vehicles.	the recent strategy to improve the efficacy of drugs is to combine them with metal nanoparticles for the control of microbial infections. considering this fact, we developed a low cost and eco-friendly method for silver nanoparticles synthesis using the cell free supernatant of delftia sp. strain kcm-006 and their application as antifungal agents and as a drug carrier. transmission electron microscopy (tem) and dynamic light scattering (dls) analysis revealed the formation of spherical and monod ...	2015	25460601
accumulation of carboxy-terminal fragments of app increases phosphodiesterase 8b.	the long-standing "amyloid hypothesis" that alzheimer's disease is caused by the production and aggregation of amyloid-β faces serious challenges by data recently obtained from neuroimaging studies and amyloid-β amyloid-focused clinical trials. meanwhile, accumulation of carboxy-terminal fragments (ctfs) of the amyloid precursor protein (app) may be neurotoxic and may impair synaptic plasticity and long-term memory in alzheimer's disease, as suggested in murine models. to clarify these issues, w ...	2015	25457556
hep-2 cell based indirect immunofluorescence assay for antinuclear antibodies as a potential diagnosis of drug-induced autoimmunity in nonclinical toxicity testing.	antinuclear antibodies (anas) are important biomarkers in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases in humans; however, the diagnostic performance of ana in nonclinical safety studies are not well understood. here, we studied the use of anas as potential nonclinical biomarkers for drug-induced autoimmunity (dia) using a hep-2 based indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). initially, mrl-fas(lpr)/j mice and hgcl₂-treated rats were used as sle-positive models. serum samples obtained from 94 normal mice ...	2015	25455225
a cd46-like molecule functional in teleost fish represents an ancestral form of membrane-bound regulators of complement activation.	in the complement system, the regulators of complement activation (rca) play crucial roles in controlling excessive complement activation and in protecting host cell from misdirected attack of complement. several members of rca family have been cloned from cyclostome and bony fish species and classified into soluble and membrane-bound type as in mammalian rca factors. complement-regulatory functions have been described only for soluble rca of lamprey and barred sand bass; however, little is know ...	2015	25452563
global insights into the chinese hamster and cho cell transcriptomes.	transcriptomics is increasingly being used on chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells to unveil physiological insights related to their performance during production processes. the rich transcriptome data can be exploited to provide impetus for systems investigation such as modeling the central carbon metabolism or glycosylation pathways, or even building genome-scale models. to harness the power of transcriptome assays, we assembled and annotated a set of rna-seq data from multiple cho cell lines and ...	2015	25450749
sialic acids attached to n- and o-glycans within the nav1.4 d1s5-s6 linker contribute to channel gating.	voltage-gated na+ channels (nav) are responsible for the initiation and conduction of neuronal and muscle action potentials. nav gating can be altered by sialic acids attached to channel n-glycans, typically through isoform-specific electrostatic mechanisms.	2015	25450184
titer of trastuzumab produced by a chinese hamster ovary cell line is associated with tricarboxylic acid cycle activity rather than lactate metabolism.	achieving high productivity and quality is the final goal of therapeutic antibody development, but the productivity and quality of antibodies are known to be substantially dependent on the nature of the cell lines expressing the antibodies. we characterized two contrasting cell lines that produce trastuzumab, namely cell line a with a high titer and a low aggregate content and cell line b with a low titer and a high aggregate content to identify the causes of the differences. we observed the fol ...	2015	25449760
carboxylated short single-walled carbon nanotubes but not plain and multi-walled short carbon nanotubes show in vitro genotoxicity.	long carbon nanotubes (cnts) resemble asbestos fibers due to their high length to diameter ratio and they thus have genotoxic effects. another parameter that might explain their genotoxic effects is contamination with heavy metal ions. on the other hand, short (1-2 µm) cnts do not resemble asbestos fibers, and, once purified from contaminations, they might be suitable for medical applications. to identify the role of fiber thickness and surface properties on genotoxicity, well-characterized shor ...	2015	25505129
mid-infrared spectroscopy-based analysis of mammalian cell culture parameters.	within the framework of process analytical technology, infrared spectroscopy (ir) has been used for characterization of biopharmaceutical production processes. although noninvasive attenuated total reflection (atr) spectroscopy can be regarded as gold standard within ir-based process analytics, simpler and more cost-effective mid-infrared (mir) instruments might improve acceptability of this technique for high-level monitoring of small scale experiments as well as for academia where financial re ...	2015	25504543
expression of difficult-to-remove host cell protein impurities during extended chinese hamster ovary cell culture and their impact on continuous bioprocessing.	during biopharmaceutical manufacturing, chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells produce hundreds of extracellular host cell protein (hcp) impurities, which must be removed from the therapeutic product by downstream purification operations to ensure patient safety. a subset of 118 of these hcps have been reported as exceptionally difficult to remove during downstream purification because they co-purify due to retention characteristics on chromatographic media and/or product-association through strongly ...	2015	25502542
direct site-specific glycoform identification and quantitative comparison of glycoprotein therapeutics: imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa.	gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal metabolic disorder, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ert). recombinant human glucocerebrosidase imiglucerase (cerezyme(®)), produced in chinese hamster ovary cells, has been used for ert of gaucher disease for 20 years. another recombinant glucocerebrosidase velaglucerase alfa (vpriv), expressed in a human fibroblast cell line, was approved by the us food and drug administration in 2010. the amino acid sequence difference at residue 495 o ...	2015	25501675
n-glycoprofiling analysis in a simple glycoprotein model: a comparison between recombinant and pituitary glycosylated human prolactin.	human prolactin (hprl) is a polypeptide hormone occurring in the non-glycosylated (ng-hprl) and glycosylated (g-hprl) forms, with mm of approximately 23 and 25kda, respectively. it has a single, partially occupied n-glycosylation site located at asn-31, which makes it a particularly simple and interesting model for glycosylation studies. the bioactivity of g-hprl is lower than that of ng-hprl (by ca. 4-fold) and its physiological function is not clear. however, carbohydrate moieties generally pl ...	2015	25499076
high-antibody-producing chinese hamster ovary cells up-regulate intracellular protein transport and glutathione synthesis.	chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells are the preferred production host for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mab) due to their ability to perform post-translational modifications and their successful approval history. the completion of the genome sequence for cho cells has reignited interest in using quantitative proteomics to identify markers of good production lines. here we applied two different proteomic techniques, itraq and swath, for the identification of expression differences between a hi ...	2015	25495469
plasmid transfection in mammalian cells spatiotemporally tracked by a gold nanoparticle.	recent advances in cell transfection have suggested that delivery of a gene on a gold nanoparticle (aunp) can enhance transfection efficiency. the mechanism of transfection is poorly understood, particularly when the gene is appended to a aunp, as expression of the desired exogenous protein is dependent not only on the efficiency of the gene being taken into the cell but also on efficient endosomal escape and cellular processing of the nucleic acid. design of a multicolor surface energy transfer ...	2015	25494916
conserved microrna function as a basis for chinese hamster ovary cell engineering.	the use of micrornas (mirnas) for improving the efficiency of recombinant protein production by cho cells is gaining considerable interest for their ability to regulate entire molecular networks. differential mirna expression profiling and large-scale transient screening have been the prerequisite for the selection of mirna candidates for stable manipulation, reported in cho cells expressing a range of recombinant products. we selected a potent and well characterised tumour suppressor mirna, mir ...	2015	25527440
targeting ß2 adrenergic receptors regulate human t cell function directly and indirectly.	it is well-established that central nervous system activation affects peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmcs) function through the release of the catecholamines (epi) and norepinephrine (ne), which act on ß2-adrenergic receptors (ß2ar). however, most studies have used non-specific stimulation of cells rather than antigen-specific responses. likewise, few studies have parsed out the direct effects of ß2ar stimulation on t cells versus indirect effects via adrenergic stimulation of antigen prese ...	2015	25526818
thromboxane a2 receptor polymorphism in association with cerebral infarction and its regulation on platelet function.	binding of thromboxane a2 (txa2) to its receptor txa2r modulates thrombosis/hemostasis and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction (ci). in this study, we investigated the relationship between txa2r polymorphisms and ci in chinese han population and the effect on platelet function by these polymorphisms. polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction (pcr-ldr) was performed in 230 ci patients and 143 healthy volunteers to examine four single nucleotide polymorphism ...	2015	25557379
evaluation of gambierol and its analogs for their inhibition of human kv1.2 and cytotoxicity.	gambierol and its heptacyclic and tetracyclic analogs were tested for inhibitory activity against the human voltage-gated potassium channel kv1.2 (hkv1.2), which was stably expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. gambierol, the heptacyclic analog, and the tetracyclic analog inhibited the potassium current evoked by a step pulse from -80mv to 40mv. the ic50 values for the three compounds were 0.75±0.15nm, 7.6±1.2nm, and 28±4.0nm (the mean±sem, n=3), respectively. the cytotoxic activity wa ...	2015	25556093
fty720 phosphate activates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 and selectively couples to gα12/13/rho/rock to induce myofibroblast contraction.	fty720 phosphate (fty720-p; 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-propanediol, monodihydrogen phosphate ester) is a nonselective sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p) receptor agonist thought to be devoid of activity at the s1p2 receptor subtype. however, we have recently shown that fty720-p displays significant s1p2 receptor agonist activity in recombinant cells and fibroblasts expressing endogenous s1p2 receptors. to elucidate the s1p2-dependent signaling pathways that were activated by fty720-p, we ...	2015	25762025
induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic responses by natural and novel quercetin glycosides.	the flavonoids quercetin, and its natural glycosides isoquercetin and rutin, are phytochemicals commonly consumed in plant-derived foods. semi-synthetic water-soluble isoquercetin and rutin glycosides, maltooligosyl isoquercetin, monoglucosyl rutin and maltooligosyl rutin were developed by synthetic glycosylation to overcome solubility challenges for improved incorporation in food and medicinal applications. quercetin and its natural glycosides are known to induce genetic instability and decreas ...	2015	26046972
engineering mammalian cell factories with sineup noncoding rnas to improve translation of secreted proteins.	whenever the function of a recombinant protein depends on post-translational processing, mammalian cells become an indispensable tool for their production. this is particularly true for biologics and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mabs). despite some drawbacks, chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells are the workhorse for mabs production in academia and industry. several methodologies have been adopted to improve expression and stability, including methods based on selective pressure or cell engin ...	2015	26045368