Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| coxsackievirus b3 modulates cell death by downregulating activating transcription factor 3 in hela cells. | activating transcription factor 3 (atf3) is an early-induced gene involved in diverse cellular functions in response to various stresses including viral infection. here we observed marked reduction of atf3 by coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection and investigated the regulation and functional role of atf3 in hela cells for the understanding of biological significance of atf3 downregulation. cvb3 infection markedly reduced atf3 expression at mrna and protein levels in parallel with p53 degradation, ... | 2007 | 17599613 |
| significance of arginine 20 in the 2a protease for swine vesicular disease virus pathogenicity. | pathogenic and attenuated strains of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), an enterovirus, have been characterized previously and, by using chimeric infectious cdna clones, the key determinants of pathogenicity in pigs have been mapped to the coding region for 1d-2a. within this region, residue 20 of the 2a protease is particularly significant. inoculation of pigs with mutant viruses containing single amino acid substitutions at this residue leads to the appearance of revertants, often containin ... | 2007 | 17622632 |
| a cpg oligodeoxynucleotide inducing anti-coxsackie b3 virus activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | coxsackie b3 virus (cvb3) is the most significant pathogen causing myocarditis in humans, and antiviral therapy would be most effective in the early stages of the disease. here we provide evidence that bw001, a c-type cpg oligodeoxynucleotide, induces anti-cvb3 activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). in parallel, we have demonstrated that bw001 induces human pbmcs to express mrnas of multiple types of interferon (ifn), including ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-omega and ifn-gamma, ... | 2007 | 17608709 |
| [molecular-biological identification of pathogens which caused an outbreak of viral encephalitis in jinan area]. | to investigate the etiology of the outbreak of viral encephalitis in jinan area in 2003. | 2007 | 18322587 |
| endogenous low-level expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor enables coxsackievirus b3 infection of rd cells. | cells in which the appropriate viral receptor cannot be detected may paradoxically act as a host to the virus. for example, rd cells are often considered to be non-permissive for infection with coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car)-dependent group b coxsackieviruses (cvb), insofar as inoculated cell monolayers show little or no cytopathic effect (cpe) and immunohistological assays for car have been consistently negative. supernatants recovered from rd cells exposed to cvb, however, contai ... | 2007 | 17947527 |
| coxsackievirus b3 infection and pbde exposure causes organ-specific effects on cyp-gene expression in the mouse. | common viral infections have been shown to change the tissue distribution of xenobiotics, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). in previous studies, it has been shown that cyp2b gene expression is induced after pbde exposure whereas coxsackievirus b3 (cbv3) infection suppresses the expression of cyp-gene expression in the liver. in the present study, cvb3 adapted to balb/c mice was used to study the combined effects of infection and exposure to pure bde-99 or the commercial mixture b ... | 2007 | 17964053 |
| coxsackievirus b3 infection affects metal-binding/transporting proteins and trace elements in the pancreas in mice. | the trigger of juvenile diabetes has been suggested to be an interaction between a virus and trace elements, where enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), have been discussed as potential initiators. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects in the pancreas on gene expressions of metallothionein 1 (mt1), divalent metal transporter 1 (dmt1), and zinc transporter 5 (znt-5) and concomitant changes in iron (fe), copper (cu), and zinc (zn) in serum and pancreas of balb/c mice on ... | 2007 | 17895834 |
| cloning and expression of coxsakievirus b3 viral protein-1 in e. coli. | viral protein-1 (vp1) is a major capsid protein of coxsakievirus b3 (cvb3) that plays an important role in directing viruses towards permissive cells and acts as a main antigenic site of the virus in eliciting of host immune response, hence it seems vp1 can be considered as a vaccine candidate against cvb3 infection. in this study, cdna of vp1 was prepared, cloned into pet expression vector and the recombinant protein (vp1) was over expressed in e. coli. | 2007 | 18051774 |
| production of cross-reactive peptide antibodies against viral capsid proteins of human enterovirus b to apply diagnostic reagent. | the coxsackievirus group b (cvb) of the genus enterovirus and the species human enterovirus b is a nonenveloped virus containing a single-stranded positive-sense rna genome. coxsackievirus has icosahedral symmetry and four capsid proteins, vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4. specific antibodies against each viral protein are prerequisites for various studies. in this study, we developed seven peptide-derived antibodies directed against coxsackievirus vp1 (no1-no5), vp2 (b3), and vp3 (gl3). we developed a ty ... | 2007 | 18037786 |
| amelioration of coxsackievirus b3-mediated myocarditis by inhibition of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is a major cause of acute myocarditis, a serious condition that is refractory to treatment. myocardial damage results in tissue remodeling that, if too extensive, may contribute to disease. remodeling is achieved by extracellular proteolysis mediated by the matrix metalloproteinases (mmps), and mmp activity is counterbalanced by tissue inhibitors of mmps (timps). we show herein that timp-1 expression is induced in the myocardium by cvb3 infection. surprisingly, timp-1 kn ... | 2007 | 18055551 |
| tinnitus and coxsackie b infections: a case series. | tinnitus is a frequent and often debilitating condition. there is consensus in the scientific community that there exist various forms of tinnitus, which differ in their pathogenesis. here we report a series of five cases where the onset of tinnitus was associated with viral infections. in all five patients elevated antibodies against coxsackie b have been detected. this observation suggests that coxsackie b virus infections might be involved in the development of some cases of tinnitus and indi ... | 2007 | 17984924 |
| junctional gating: the achilles' heel of epithelial cells in pathogen infection. | mucosal epithelial cells are a major barrier restricting pathogen entry and, paradoxically, an important entry port for respiratory and enteric viruses. elegant studies in this issue of cell host & microbe describe how coxsackievirus b3 (related to human poliovirus) infects polarized epithelial cells by engaging two transmembrane proteins of the tight junctions, occludin and car. a distinctive endocytic mechanism opens the junctions and gates infectious virus entry. | 2007 | 18005729 |
| complete genome sequences for nine simian enteroviruses. | analysis of the vp1 capsid-coding sequences of the simian picornaviruses has suggested that baboon enterovirus (baev), sv19, sv43 and sv46 belong to the species human enterovirus a (hev-a) and sa5 belongs to hev-b, whereas sv4/a2 plaque virus (two isolates of a single serotype), sv6 and n125/n203 (two isolates of a single serotype) appear to represent new species in the genus. we have further characterized by complete genomic sequencing the genetic relationships among the simian enteroviruses se ... | 2007 | 18024906 |
| detection of dual-infected cases of adenoviruses and coxsackieviruses type b by real-time pcr but not by the conventional viral culture technique. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of diagnostic methods for dual-infected cases of human adenoviruses (advs) and coxsackieviruses type b (cbs). for this purpose, 100 nasopharyngeal samples from patients with acute exudative tonsillitis and clinically suspected adv infection were analyzed. using pcr and real-time pcr techniques for advs and cbs, we found 86 advs-only positive samples; we also found five dual-infected samples containing 5.4 x 10(5) to 7.1 x 10(8) copies/ml of ... | 2007 | 18257468 |
| qihong prevents death in coxsackievirus b3 induced murine myocarditis through inhibition of virus attachment and penetration. | viral myocarditis affects about 5% to 20% of the population. so far, there are not many effective antiviral treatments available. qihong, the combination of the extracts from astragali (huangqi), rhadiola rosea (hongjingtian), and sophora flavescens (kushen), was developed based on laboratory research. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of qihong on coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced myocarditis. the antiviral activity of qihong in vitro was evaluated on hela and ver ... | 2007 | 18040068 |
| [inhibitory effect of chinese herbal medicine xin-kang oral liquid on replication of cvb3 rna in coxsackievirus b3 infected mice]. | to investigate the cvb3 rna concentration in myocardial tissues and inhibitory effect of chinese herbal medicine xin-kang oral liquid on viral rna replication in coxsackievirus b3 infected myocardium. | 2007 | 17971932 |
| virus induces metal-binding proteins and changed trace element balance in the brain during the course of a common human infection (coxsackievirus b3) in mice. | autopsy of the brain has shown a change in trace element balance in some virus-infected individuals, but it is not known whether this event was a result of the infection. in the present study coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) adapted to balb/c mice was used to study whether infection induces gene expression of the metal-binding/transporting proteins metallothionein (mt1 and mt3) and divalent-metal transporter 1 (dmt1) and whether it changes the balance of trace elements in the brain. virus and mt1, mt3, ... | 2007 | 17467775 |
| antiviral effects of pan-caspase inhibitors on the replication of coxsackievirus b3. | the induction of apoptosis during coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection is well documented. in order to study whether the inhibition of apoptosis has an impact on cvb3 replication, the pan-caspase inhibitor z-vad-fmk was used. the decreased cvb3 replication is based on reduced accumulation of both viral rna and viral proteins. these effects are due to an inhibitory influence of z-vad-fmk on the proteolytic activity of the cvb3 proteases 2a and 3c, which was demonstrated by using the target protein ... | 2007 | 17211569 |
| microarray-based molecular detection of foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease viruses, using padlock probes. | the world organization for animal health (office international des epizooties, oie) includes the diseases caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), as "diseases notifiable to the oie". foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) outbreaks have severe economical as well as social effects and cannot be differentiated from the diseases caused by the other two viruses on the basis of clinical symptoms. efficient laboratory techniques ... | 2007 | 17451815 |
| new enteroviruses, ev-93 and ev-94, associated with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo. | surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis often identifies enteroviruses not typeable by virus neutralization in cell culture. during 2000 and 2001, 186 isolates from 138 children with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo were sent for typing to the national reference centre for enteroviruses in lyon, france. the 5' utr of the viral genome could be amplified by pcr for 158 isolates from 114 patients. isolates from 89 patients were neutralizable, and contained non-polio e ... | 2007 | 17311342 |
| dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by curcumin suppresses coxsackievirus b3 replication. | curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice turmeric, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties by modulating multiple cellular machineries. it inhibits several intracellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), casein kinase ii (ckii), and the cop9 signalosome (csn), in various cell types. it has also been recently demonstrated that exposure to curcumin leads to th ... | 2007 | 17229707 |
| cutting edge: antibody-mediated tlr7-dependent recognition of viral rna. | tlr7 recognizes the genome of ssrna viruses such as coxsackievirus b. because tlr7 is expressed in intracellular compartments, viral rna must be internalized before its recognition by tlr7. in this study, we define plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) as peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells that respond to coxsackievirus. pdc activation by coxsackievirus b requires the presence of specific antiviral abs. we show that fc receptors mediate the recognition of virus-ab complexes and that tlr7 is ... | 2007 | 17339429 |
| tlr ligands act directly upon t cells to restore proliferation in the absence of protein kinase c-theta signaling and promote autoimmune myocarditis. | the serine/threonine kinase, protein kinase c-theta (pkc-theta), plays a central role in the activation and differentiation of th2 cells while being redundant in cd4+ and cd8+ antiviral responses. recent evidence indicates that pkc-theta may however be required for some t cell-driven autoimmune responses. we have investigated the role of pkc-theta in the induction of autoimmune myocarditis induced by either coxsackie b3 virus infection or immunization with alpha-myosin/cfa (experimental autoimmu ... | 2007 | 17339441 |
| specific interaction of hela cell proteins with coxsackievirus b3 3'utr: la autoantigen binds the 3' and 5'utr independently of the poly(a) tail. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is a positive, single-stranded rna virus. the secondary structure of the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of cvb3 rna consists of three stem-loops and is followed by a poly(a) tail sequence. these stem-loop structures have been suggested to participate in the regulation of viral replication through interaction with cellular proteins that are yet to be identified. in this study, by competitive uv cross-linking using mutated 3'utr probes we have demonstrated that the poly(a) ... | 2007 | 17346312 |
| change in the cells that express connective tissue growth factor in acute coxsackievirus-induced myocardial fibrosis in mouse. | cardiac fibrosis and inflammation are major pathologic conditions that result from viral myocarditis. connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) stimulates fibroblast proliferation and induces production of extracellular matrix molecules. we studied the correlation between ctgf and cardiac fibrosis in an acute coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) myocarditis animal model. eight-week-old balb/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) of cvb3. myocardial inflammation peaked on d ... | 2007 | 17350707 |
| inhibitor of nf kappa b alpha is a host sensor of coxsackievirus infection. | apoptosis is a host response to viral infection: programmed cell death can limit viral replication. therefore, the knowledge of pathways by which cells detect viral infection and activate apoptosis may be of considerable interest when developing strategies against viral pathogens. we have shown that cells activate apoptosis in response to coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection. in an effort to discover how cells detect viral infections, we found that the viral protease 3c(pro) cleaves ikappabalpha. ... | 2007 | 17351338 |
| antiviral triterpenoids from the medicinal plant schefflera heptaphylla. | schefflera heptaphylla (l.) frodin is a principal ingredient of an herbal tea formulation widely used for the treatment of common cold in southern china. an extract of the long leafstalk of the compound leaf of s. heptaphylla exhibited the most potent antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). further antiviral-guided fractionation and isolation of the leafstalk extract of s. heptaphylla led to obtain two highly active pure triterpenoids, namely 3alpha-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene-23 ... | 2007 | 17357972 |
| coxsackievirus infections and nod mice: relevant models of protection from, and induction of, type 1 diabetes. | human enteroviruses (hevs) like the group b coxsackieviruses (cvbs) are prime candidates for infectious, environmental causes of human type 1 diabetes (t1d). non-obese diabetic (nod) female mice are well protected from t1d onset if inoculated with cvb when young. older, prediabetic nod mice can rapidly develop t1d following inoculation with cvb, mimicking clinical reports of disease-associated t1d onset. the ability to induce rapid t1d in nod mice is linked to the rate of replication of the cvb ... | 2007 | 17376828 |
| coxsackievirus b3 and adenovirus infections of cardiac cells are efficiently inhibited by vector-mediated rna interference targeting their common receptor. | as coxsackievirus b3 (coxb3) and adenoviruses may cause acute myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, isolation of the common coxsackievirus-adenovirus-receptor (car) has provided an interesting new target for molecular antiviral therapy. whereas many viruses show high mutation rates enabling them to develop escape mutants, mutations of their cellular virus receptors are far less likely. we report on antiviral efficacies of car gene silencing by short hairpin (sh)rnas in the cardiac-derived ... | 2007 | 17377597 |
| development of a novel recombinant encapsidated rna particle: evaluation as an internal control for diagnostic rt-pcr. | this report describes the generation of novel encapsidated rna particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) assays for the detection of rna viruses. a cassette containing sequences of 2 diagnostic primer sets for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and a set for swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) was engineered into a full-length cdna clone containing the rna-2 segment of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). after co-inoculation ... | 2007 | 17727966 |
| cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in enterovirus 71 brain stem encephalitis and echovirus meningitis infections of varying severity. | taiwan has experienced several outbreaks of enterovirus 71 (ev71) infections since 1998. this study examined the quantitative relationship between specific cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and the severity of ev71 brain stem encephalitis (be), and investigated whether the csf cytokine response differed from that to uncomplicated echovirus meningitis (em). the study included 57 children with ev71 be, of whom 24 had isolated be, 24 had autonomic nervous system (ans) dysregulation, and ni ... | 2007 | 17441979 |
| [epidemiological surveillance for viral pollution of rivers in toyama prefecture]. | virus pollution of three rivers in toyama prefecture was surveyed over a long period in order to predict and to prevent water-born infection. | 2007 | 17461029 |
| coxsackie virus b1 infection in a child, complicated by severe oliguric renal failure. | 2007 | 17474564 | |
| [study on the molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from yunnan province, china]. | this report presented an overview on the epidemiology of enterovirus in yunnan province, the people's republic of china. | 2007 | 17850701 |
| molecular identification of 13 new enterovirus types, ev79-88, ev97, and ev100-101, members of the species human enterovirus b. | molecular methods have enabled the rapid identification of new enterovirus (ev) serotypes that are untypeable using existing neutralizing antisera. as a result, sequencing of the vp1 capsid gene has been developed as a surrogate for antigenic typing to distinguish enterovirus types. in this study, 17 enterovirus isolates from four countries were identified as members of 13 new types within the species human enterovirus b (hev-b) by complete genome sequencing. members of each of these new types a ... | 2007 | 17485128 |
| [construction and sequencing of full-length cdna clone of swine vesicular disease virus strain hk'1/70]. | by race, 2 overlapping cdna fragments (3'pcr and 5'pcr fragments) covering the full genome of swine vesicular disease virus strain hk'1/70 were amplified from total rna extracted from experimentally infected suckling mice. these fragments were cloned into pgem-t easy vector, respectively. 5'pcr fragment was digested by enzymes of aat ii and bssh ii, and the aat ii-bssh ii-digested 5'pcr fragment was obtained and cloned into the recombinant pgem-t easy vector containing 3'pcr fragment,the recombi ... | 2007 | 17886721 |
| partial 3d gene sequences of coxsackie viruses reveal interspecies exchanges. | the 3d region of 46 clinical coxsackievirus strains, primarily belonging to the human enterovirus b species (hev-b), were analyzed using nucleotide distance matrices and phylogeny software. the conclusions from previously analyzed genomic regions (vp1-2a-2b-2c) of the aforementioned strains revealed that enteroviruses' inheritance is being guided by gene adaptation among viruses of different serotypes. in this report the comparison of partial vp1 and 3d gene phylogenies presented an obvious inco ... | 2007 | 17318426 |
| coxsackievirus b3 proteins directionally complement each other to downregulate surface major histocompatibility complex class i. | picornaviruses carry a small number of proteins with diverse functions that subvert and exploit the host cell. we have previously shown that three coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) proteins (2b, 2bc, and 3a) target the golgi complex and inhibit protein transit. here we investigate these effects in more detail and evaluate the distribution of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules, which are critical mediators of the cd8(+) t-cell response. we report that concomitant with viral protein s ... | 2007 | 17442717 |
| genetic adaptation to untranslated region-mediated enterovirus growth deficits by mutations in the nonstructural proteins 3ab and 3cd. | both untranslated regions (utrs) of plus-strand rna virus genomes jointly control translation and replication of viral genomes. in the case of the enterovirus genus of the picornaviridae family, the 5'utr consists of a cloverleaf-like terminus preceding the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) and the 3' terminus is composed of a structured 3'utr and poly(a). the ires and poly(a) have been implicated in translation control, and all utr structures, in addition to cis-acting genetic elements mappi ... | 2007 | 17537861 |
| human pancreatic islet endothelial cells express coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor and are activated by coxsackie b virus infection. | enteroviruses, such as the coxsackievirus (cv) group, have been linked to the induction of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. virus tropism and tissue access are modulated by endothelial cells. to examine the susceptibility of microvascular endothelial cells (mecs) derived from pancreatic islets to infection with cv group b (cvb), purified cultured human islet mecs were infected with cvb-4 strain, and the immunological phenotype of the infected cells was analyzed. cvb-4 persistently infected ... | 2007 | 17494992 |
| antiviral activity of arbidol against influenza a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus and adenovirus in vitro and in vivo. | arbidol, ethyl-6-bromo-4-[(dimethylamino)-methyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-[(phenylthio)methyl]-in dole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride monohydrate, is an antiviral chemical agent. in this report, we studied the antiviral activity of arbidol against a panel of human respiratory viruses, namely influenza a virus (flu-a, a/pr/8/34 h1n1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human rhinovirus type 14 (hrv 14), coxsackie virus b3 (cvb3) and adenovirus type 7 (adv-7) in vitro in cell culture. arbidol was found ... | 2007 | 17497238 |
| [th cell differentiation in chronic stage of viral myocarditis in mice and interference of qingxin-ii recipe]. | to investigate part mechanisms of th cell differentiation, and to observe the interference effect of qingxin-ii recipe in the chronic stage of viral myocarditis (vmc), so as to provide some experimental evidences for illuminating the pathogenesis of vmc and treatment mechanisms of qingxin-ii recipe. | 2007 | 17498494 |
| viral infection and pbde exposure interact on cyp gene expression and enzyme activities in the mouse liver. | in the present study coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) adapted to balb/c mice was used to examine whether infection affects xenobiotic-metabolising cyp1a1 and cyp2b gene expression (measured by rt-pcr) and the corresponding enzyme activities of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and pentoxyresorufin-o-depentylase (prod), as observed on day 3 of infection. to study the simultaneous effects of xenobiotic exposure, mice were administered the polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) compounds bde-99 (single con ... | 2007 | 17964055 |
| cutting edge: cross-regulation by tlr4 and t cell ig mucin-3 determines sex differences in inflammatory heart disease. | recent clinical studies have reinforced the importance of sex-related differences in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, with an increased incidence and mortality in men. similar to humans, male balb/c mice infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) develop more severe inflammation in the heart even though viral replication is no greater than in females. we show that tlr4 and ifn-gamma levels are significantly elevated and regulatory t cell (treg) populations significantly reduced in the he ... | 2007 | 17513715 |
| genetic and phenotypic diversity of echovirus 30 strains and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. | several enterovirus serotypes should be considered as potentially diabetogenic. the capacity of an enterovirus to kill or impair the functions of human beta-cells can vary among the strains within a given serotype as shown previously for echovirus 9 and 30 (e-30). the evolution of e-30 has also shown patterns correlating with the global increase of type 1 diabetes incidence. in the present study, antigenic properties of a set of e-30 isolates were investigated and the results correlated with the ... | 2007 | 17516516 |
| interferons induce an antiviral state in human pancreatic islet cells. | enterovirus infections, in particular those with coxsackieviruses, have been linked to the development of type 1 diabetes (t1d). although animal models have demonstrated that interferons (ifns) regulate virus-induced t1d by acting directly on the beta cell, little is known on the human pancreatic islet response to ifns. here we show that human islet cells respond to ifns by expressing signature genes of antiviral defense. we also demonstrate that they express three intracellular sensors for vira ... | 2007 | 17559902 |
| influence of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on the replication of coxsackie type b5 and influenza a viruses. | pteridine derivatives neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are produced by human macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and therefore become detectable in increased amounts in humans during cell-mediated (th1-type) immune response. compounds produced upon influence of cytokine ifn-gamma often exert antiproliferative and antiviral activity. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on the replication of coxs ... | 2007 | 16868770 |
| echovirus infection causes rapid loss-of-function and cell death in human dendritic cells. | coxsackie b viruses (cvb) and echoviruses (ev) form a single species; human enterovirus b (hev-b), within the genus enterovirus. although hev-b infections are usually mild or asymptomatic, they can cause serious acute illnesses. in addition, hev-b infections have been associated with chronic immune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy. it has therefore been suggested that these viruses may trigger an autoimmune process. here, we demonstrate t ... | 2007 | 17298395 |
| bupleurum kaoi inhibits coxsackie b virus type 1 infection of ccfs-1 cells by induction of type i interferons expression. | coxsackie b virus type 1 (cvb1) infection is known to cause high morbidity and mortality in children, however, there is no effective drug for treating this disease. the present study aimed to examine the antiviral activity of bupleurum kaoi (bk), a popular herbal drug for treating viral and bacterial infections, against cvb1 infection and its mechanisms of action. our data showed that bk neutralized the cvb1-induced cytopathic effect in human neonatal foreskin fibroblast cell line (ccfs-1/kmc), ... | 2007 | 17052829 |
| in vitro (1)h nmr studies of rd human cell infection with echovirus 11. | the effects of echovirus 11 infection on rd human cell line (derived from rhabdomyosarcoma) were studied using (1)h nmr spectroscopy and optical microscopy. both uninfected and infected cells consumed glucose and produced lactate, acetate and formate as extracellular metabolites. in infected whole cells, phosphocholine and uridine-sugar were observed in addition to the metabolites observed in uninfected cells. water-soluble intracellular metabolites of infected cells showed glutamine, phosphocho ... | 2007 | 17013981 |
| mda-5 is cleaved in poliovirus-infected cells. | infections with rna viruses are sensed by the innate immune system through membrane-bound toll-like receptors or the cytoplasmic rna helicases rig-i and mda-5. it is believed that mda-5 is crucial for sensing infections by picornaviruses, but there have been no studies on the role of this protein during infection with poliovirus, the prototypic picornavirus. beginning at 4 h postinfection, mda-5 protein is degraded in poliovirus-infected cells. levels of mda-5 declined beginning at 6 h after inf ... | 2007 | 17267501 |
| antiviral treatment of coxsackie b virus infection in human pancreatic islets. | enterovirus infections of the pancreatic islets are believed to trigger or precipitate the near total destruction of beta-cells that constitutes type 1 diabetes (t1d). this study investigated the ability of an anti-picornaviral compound, pleconaril, to block the replication of two beta-cell tropic coxsackie b4 virus (cbv-4) strains in isolated human islets. the two strains, vd2921 and v89 4557, with demonstrated abilities to cause non-lytic persistence or lytic infection, respectively, in islets ... | 2007 | 17239967 |
| protective immune responses in guinea pigs and swine induced by a suicidal dna vaccine of the capsid gene of swine vesicular disease virus. | a suicidal dna vaccine based on a semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon was evaluated for the development of a vaccine against swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). the 1bcd gene of svdv was cloned and inserted into psca1, an sfv dna-based replicon vector. the resultant plasmid, psca/1bcd, was transfected into bhk-21 cells and the antigenicity of the expressed protein was confirmed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. immunogenicity was studied in guinea pigs and swine. animals were injecte ... | 2007 | 17325356 |
| enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species d. | the genus enterovirus (family picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: human enterovirus a (hev-a), hev-b, hev-c, hev-d and poliovirus. in this study, a proposed new serotype of hev-d was characterized. four virus strains were isolated from sewage in egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the democratic republic of the congo. the complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete vp1 ... | 2007 | 17325357 |
| strand-specific silencing of a picornavirus by rna interference: evidence for the superiority of plus-strand specific sirnas. | rna interference triggered by small interfering rnas (sirnas) can be used to effectively contain viral spread. here, we report on the mechanism of action of sirnas targeting the medically important coxsackievirus b3 (cvb-3) as a typical representative of viruses with a non-segmented rna genome in positive-strand orientation. antiviral sirnas can be designed to target the genomic (+)-strand, the (-)-strand that occurs as a replication intermediate, or both. in the present study, two complementary ... | 2007 | 17112603 |
| coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis in mice: a model of autoimmune disease for studying immunotoxicity. | excellent animal models are available for virus-induced and autoimmune heart disease that are remarkably similar to human disease. developing good animal models for heart disease is crucial because cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of death in the united states and is estimated to be the leading cause of death in the world by the year 2020. a significant proportion of heart disease in western populations is associated with inflammation. myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart mus ... | 2007 | 17161308 |
| emergence of recent echovirus 30 lineages is marked by serial genetic recombination events. | in an earlier report, different variants of echovirus 30 (e-30), an enterovirus serotype, were identified during two outbreaks in 1997 and 2000. here, the diversity of e-30 was investigated over a longer period (1991-2005) and the variations in four genomic segments were determined in 52 isolates involved in meningitis cases, to characterize the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of lineages. phylogenetic analysis of the vp1 sequences showed that five phylogenetic variants succeeded ... | 2007 | 17170449 |
| expression of short hairpin rnas against the coxsackievirus b3 exerts potential antiviral effects in cos-7 cells and in mice. | chemically synthesized small interfering rna (sirna) has been used as an anti-coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) agent. herein, we investigated whether vector-derived short hairpin rnas (shrna) targeting cvb3 can exert antiviral activities, prior to their further application to viral vector system for efficient in vivo administration. employing transient transfection assays to in vivo mouse models as well as to in vitro cos-7 cell cultures, we directly demonstrated the potential antiviral activity of shrn ... | 2007 | 17222937 |
| host-pathogen evolution: implications for the prevention and treatment of malaria, myocardial infarction and aids. | humans have evolved complex immune systems to protect against infection by pathogens. however, pathogens possess a remarkable genetic versatility that allows them to gain new vigour and so escape such population immunity. conflicting pathogen-host objectives, therefore, lead to the evolutionary equivalent of an "arms race". typically, in this struggle, pathogens attempt to deplete their host of specific nutrients that are essential for immune system function. after infection, the resulting defic ... | 2008 | 17590522 |
| rapid and differential diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and vesicular stomatitis by a new multiplex rt-pcr assay. | a highly sensitive and specific one-step multiplex rt-pcr assay has been developed and standardised for the simultaneous and differential detection of the most important vesicular viruses affecting livestock: foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the method uses three primer sets, each one specific for the corresponding virus, selected to detect of all serotypes of fmd and vs. the detection range was confirmed by examinat ... | 2008 | 17964668 |
| a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for simple and rapid detection of swine vesicular disease virus. | this report describes the development of a one-step reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv). the assay detects the virus rapidly, within 30-60 min and the result is visualised either by gel-electrophoresis or by the naked eye through the addition of sybrgreen. a collection of 28 svdv isolates were tested positive, while heterologous viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus and vesicular stomatitis ... | 2008 | 17920701 |
| 1a and 3d gene sequences of coxsackievirus b3 strain cc: variation and phylogenetic analysis. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was thought to be the most common causative agent of life-threatening viral myocarditis. coxsackievirus b3 strain cc (cvb3-cc) was isolated in china; however, no sequence data are available. the 1a and 3d regions of cvb3-cc were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was done with reference to ten other cvb3 strains and all 36 prototype strains of human enterovirus b (hev-b). sequence analysis showed that the 1a gene region of cvb3-cc consisted of 207 nucleotides, encoding ... | 2008 | 17852360 |
| imatinib mesylate attenuates fibrosis in coxsackievirus b3-induced chronic myocarditis. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced chronic myocarditis in mice is accompanied by severe fibrosis and by sustained elevation of platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf)-a, -b, and -c levels in the cardiac tissue. to test if pdgf stimulation of resident fibroblasts causally contributes to fibrosis, we employed inhibition of pdgf receptor signalling with the orally available kinase inhibitor imatinib. | 2008 | 18326555 |
| comparison of automated nucleic acid extraction methods with manual extraction. | automated nucleic acid extractors can improve workflow and decrease variability in the clinical laboratory. we evaluated qiagen ez1 (valencia, ca) and biomérieux (durham, nc) easymag extractors compared with qiagen manual extraction using targets and matrices commonly available in the clinical laboratory. pooled samples were spiked with various organisms, serially diluted, and extracted in duplicate. the organisms/matrices were bordetella pertussis/bronchoalveolar lavage, herpes simplex virus ii ... | 2008 | 18556770 |
| cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor eif5b by enterovirus 3c proteases. | the enteroviruses poliovirus (pv), coxsackie b virus (cvb) and rhinovirus (hrv) are members of picornaviridae that inhibit host cell translation early in infection. enterovirus translation soon predominates in infected cells, but eventually also shuts off. this complex pattern of modulation of translation suggests regulation by a multifactorial mechanism. we report here that eif5b is proteolytically cleaved during pv and cvb infection of cultured cells, beginning at 3 hours post-infection and in ... | 2008 | 18572216 |
| coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis: infection of females during the estrus phase of the ovarian cycle leads to activation of t regulatory cells. | transgenic female mice expressing the tnfalpha gene under the cardiac myosin promoter (tnf1.6) develop substantially increased myocarditis and increased numbers of cd4+th1 (interferon gamma+) cells when infected with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) during the diestrus and proestrus phases of the estrus cycle compared to females infected during the estrus and metestrus phases. cardiac virus titers were increased in females infected in estrus compared to females infected during the other phases. t regula ... | 2008 | 18586295 |
| the thiazolobenzimidazole tbze-029 inhibits enterovirus replication by targeting a short region immediately downstream from motif c in the nonstructural protein 2c. | tbze-029 {1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazole} is a novel selective inhibitor of the replication of several enteroviruses. we show that tbze-029 exerts its antiviral activity through inhibition of viral rna replication, without affecting polyprotein processing. to identify the viral target of tbze-029, drug-resistant coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was selected. genotyping of resistant clones led to the identification of three amino acid mutations in nonstructura ... | 2008 | 18337578 |
| infection of primary cultures of murine splenic and thymic cells with coxsackievirus b4. | infection of primary cultures of total splenic and thymic cells from balb/c and c3h/hen mice with cvb4 e2 and jvb strains has been investigated. the presence of positive-strand viral rna within cells was determined by semi-nested rt-pcr, and viral replication was attested by detection of intracellular negative-strand viral rna and by release of infectious particles in culture supernatants. viral replication occurred with both cvb4 strains to an extent dependent on the genetic background of the h ... | 2008 | 18352912 |
| characterization of the protective capability of a recombinant coxsackievirus b3 variant expressing interferon-gamma. | several different procedures have been developed to deliver essential genes to an organism by viral vectors. some reports have already been published demonstrating the potential to use enteroviruses as transfer vehicles. one application of these viral vectors is the organ-specific expression of immunoregulatory cytokines. it has been shown previously that local expression of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by the recombinant coxsackievirus cvb3/ifn-gamma conferred protection against virus-caused di ... | 2008 | 18355121 |
| ubiquitination is required for effective replication of coxsackievirus b3. | protein ubiquitination and/or degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system (ups) have been recognized as critical mechanisms in the regulation of numerous essential cellular functions. the importance of the ups in viral pathogenesis has become increasingly apparent. using murine cardiomyocytes, we have previously demonstrated that the ups plays a key role in the replication of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), an important human pathogen associated with various diseases. to further elucidate the under ... | 2008 | 18612413 |
| an enterovirus strain isolated from diabetic child belongs to a genetic subcluster of echovirus 11, but is also neutralised with monotypic antisera to coxsackievirus a9. | an enterovirus strain (designated d207) isolated from a slovakian diabetic child and originally serotyped as coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) was found to cause rapid cytolysis coinciding with severe functional damage of the surviving cells in primary cultures of human pancreatic islets. this finding prompted us to clone the isolate for full-length genome sequencing and molecular characterization as the prototype strain of cav-9 is known to cause only minimal damage to insulin-producing beta-cells. bas ... | 2008 | 18632967 |
| reductions of e. coli, echovirus type 12 and bacteriophages in an intermittently operated household-scale slow sand filter. | point-of-use (pou) drinking water treatment technology enables those without access to safe water sources to improve the quality of their water by treating it in the home. one of the most promising emerging pou technologies is the biosand filter (bsf), a household-scale, intermittently operated slow sand filter. over 500,000 people in developing countries currently use the filters to treat their drinking water. however, despite this successful implementation, there has been almost no systematic, ... | 2008 | 18281076 |
| coxsackievirus b4 infection of murine foetal thymus organ cultures. | the infection of foetal thymus with coxsackievirus b4 (cv-b4) e2 has been studied ex vivo by using cd-1 mice on foetal day 14, as a ready source of organs for experimentation to investigate the hypothesis of the role of thymic viral infections in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. the replication of cv-b4 e2 in murine foetal thymus organ cultures has been demonstrated by evaluating the levels of positive- and negative-stranded viral rna in cells by using a real-time quantitative rt-pcr method ... | 2008 | 18297721 |
| the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. | the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) has been studied extensively since its identification and isolation in 1997. the car is an immunoglobulin superfamily protein with two extracellular ig-like domains, a single membrane-spanning sequence, and a significant cytoplasmic domain. it is structurally and functionally similar to the junctional adhesion molecules. the amino terminal domain, distal from the membrane, has been structurally characterized alone, bound to the adenovirus fiber kn ... | 2008 | 18357766 |
| coxsackievirus b4 uses autophagy for replication after calpain activation in rat primary neurons. | coxsackievirus is the most important cause of meningitis and encephalitis in infants; an infection is sometimes fatal or may lead to neurodevelopmental defects. here, we show that coxsackievirus b4 (cvb4) induces an autophagy pathway for replication in rat primary neurons. notably, calpain inhibitors reduce autophagosome formation. conversely, the inhibition of the autophagy pathway with 3-methyladenine inhibits calpain activation. this work reveals, for the first time, that calpain is essential ... | 2008 | 18799585 |
| ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases severity of viral myocarditis in mice. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) causes human myocarditis, which can result in cardiac damage, maladaptive remodeling, and heart failure. matrix metalloproteinases (mmp)-8 and -9 have been identified in virus-infected myocardium, but their particular roles and underlying mechanisms of effect are unknown. for the first time, we examine the severity of cvb3-induced myocarditis in mmp-8-and mmp-9-deficient mice. | 2008 | 18332263 |
| group b coxsackievirus virulence. | that which is understood of virulence phenotypes in the picornaviruses derives in large part from studies of artificially attenuating phenotypes rather than through examination of naturally occurring virus strains. the cvb replicate well in a variety of different murine and human cell cultures, making them excellent viruses with which to engage the problem of how the host environment interacts with specific viral genetics to promote varying efficiencies of viral replication. it is not known how ... | 2008 | 18357765 |
| coxsackievirus b3 induction of nfat: requirement for myocarditis susceptibility. | ultraviolet (u.v.) inactivated coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) induces rapid calcium flux in naïve balb/c cd4+ t cells. cd4+ cells lacking decay accelerating factor (daf-/-) show little calcium flux indicating that virus cross-linking of this virus receptor protein is necessary for calcium signaling in cvb3 infection. interaction of cvb3 with cd4+ cells also activates nfat dna binding. to show that nfat activation is crucial to cvb3 induced disease, wild-type mice and transgenic mice expressing dominan ... | 2008 | 18829062 |
| [rapid enterovirus genotyping in cerebrospinal fluids: a two-year prospective study in a virology laboratory setting]. | enterovirus (ev - 68 serotypes) infections comprise a wide spectrum of clinical presentations including infections of the central nervous system. in severe clinical presentation or epidemics, the precise identification of the involved serotype is necessary. | 2008 | 18835107 |
| sicam-1 intrathecal synthesis and release during the acute phase in children suffering from coxsackie a9 and s. pneumoniae meningoencephalitis. | the intercellular adhesion molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sicam-1) from normal control children as well as from children with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), with coxsackie a9 virus meningoencephalitis and with streptococcus pneumoniae meningoencephalitis were studied. sicam-1 was quantified using an immunoenzimatic assay and albumin using the immunodiffusion techn ... | 2008 | 18813709 |
| coxsackievirus b rna replication: lessons from poliovirus. | the replication of coxsackievirus rna occurs with rapid onset, starting approximately 2.5 h after infection. the mechanisms entailing the rna replication of enteroviruses, like coxsackievirus and poliovirus, are highly conserved. these processes require two steps of rna amplification: (i) complete synthesis of the negative-strand rna using input rna as the template and (ii) synthesis of the positive-strand rna using the intermediate negative-strand rna as the template. successful enterovirus rna ... | 2008 | 18357767 |
| cvb translation: lessons from the polioviruses. | our understanding of coxsackie b virus translation and replication has benefited greatly from half a century of research on the closely related polioviruses. like poliovirus, coxsackievirus gene expression is controlled largely at the translation level and coxsackievirus infection results in profound changes in the profile of mrnas with access to the protein synthesis machinery of the host cell. this review chronicles the advances in understanding translational control by the enteroviruses, prim ... | 2008 | 18357768 |
| identification of hla-a*01- and hla-a*02-restricted cd8+ t-cell epitopes shared among group b enteroviruses. | acute enteroviral infections ranging from meningitis, pancreatitis to myocarditis are common and normally well controlled by the host immune system comprising virus-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). however, in some patients enteroviruses and especially coxsackieviruses of group b are capable of inducing severe chronic forms of diseases such as chronic myocarditis. currently, it is not known whether divergences in the ctl-related immune response may contribute to the different outcome ... | 2008 | 18753217 |
| cvb infection and mechanisms of viral cardiomyopathy. | coxsackievirus infection has been demonstrated to be a cause of acute and fulminant viral myocarditis and has been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. while considerable attention has focused on the role of the cellular and humoral, antigen-specific immune system in viral myocarditis, the interaction between the virus and the infected host myocyte is also important. coxsackievirus has a relative tropism for the heart that is in part mediated by relatively high levels of the coxsackievirus an ... | 2008 | 18357777 |
| [outbreak of coxsackievirus infection in children]. | during the summer of 2006 in the paediatric ward of the spaarne hospital in hoofddorp, the netherlands, a large number of children were admitted with a coxsackievirus type-b infection, one of the enteroviruses. a total of 27 children were diagnosed with this virus. patient a, a one-month-old boy, was admitted with fever. the spinal fluid showed a high leukocyte count. he was treated with amoxicillin, ceftriaxon and acyclovir, and recovered rapidly. the spinal fluid culture was positive for coxsa ... | 2008 | 18361186 |
| a part of the vp4 capsid protein exhibited by coxsackievirus b4 e2 is the target of antibodies contained in plasma from patients with type 1 diabetes. | the capsid protein vp4 was identified previously as the target of antibodies contained in plasma enhancing the coxscakievirus b4 (cv-b4) e2-induced production of ifn-alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). the sequence of vp4 recognized by these antibodies was investigated. this sequence was identified as amino acids 11 to 30 by using synthetic overlapping peptides spanning vp4(cv-b4 e2) in competition experiments for antibodies enhancing the cv(b4 e2) induced production of ifn-alph ... | 2008 | 18366069 |
| the structure and function of a cis-acting element located upstream of the ires that influences coxsackievirus b3 rna translation. | we have investigated the importance of a conserved hexa-nucleotide stretch in the apical loop within stem-loop c (sl c, nt 104-180), upstream of the ribosome landing site, on cvb3 ires function. the deletion or substitution mutation at this apical loop resulted in significant decrease in ires activity. both the mutant ires rnas failed to interact with certain trans-acting factors. furthermore, expression of cvb3 2a protease significantly enhanced ires activity of the wild type, but the effect wa ... | 2008 | 18533219 |
| detection of viral bioagents using a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave biosensor. | viruses are of high medical and biodefense concern and their detection at concentrations well below the threshold necessary to cause health hazards continues to be a challenge with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity. ideally, assays for accurate and real time detection of viral agents would not necessitate any pre-processing of the analyte, which would make them applicable for example to bodily fluids (blood, sputum) and man-made as well as naturally occurring bodies of water ( ... | 2008 | 18262781 |
| a laboratory study of survival of selected microorganisms after heat treatment of biowaste used in biogas plants. | the aim of the study was to assess the effect of pasteurisation, as set by the european regulation ec 1774/2002, on selected pathogens and indicator organisms. unpasteurised substrate (biowaste), including animal by-products from a full-scale biogas plant was heat treated under laboratory conditions at 70 degrees c and 55 degrees c for 30 min and 60 min. heat treatment at 55 degrees c for 60 min was not sufficient to achieve a hygienically acceptable product. heat treatment at 70 degrees c for 3 ... | 2008 | 18513960 |
| interactions between multiple genetic determinants in the 5' utr and vp1 capsid control pathogenesis of chronic post-viral myopathy caused by coxsackievirus b1. | mice infected with coxsackievirus b1 tucson (cvb1(t)) develop chronic, post-viral myopathy (pvm) with clinical manifestations of hind limb muscle weakness and myositis. the objective of the current study was to establish the genetic basis of myopathogenicity in cvb1(t). using a reverse genetics approach, full attenuation of pvm could only be achieved by simultaneously mutating four sites located at c706u in the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) and at y87f, v136a, and t276a in the vp1 capsid. engi ... | 2008 | 18029287 |
| potent oncolytic activity of human enteroviruses against human prostate cancer. | oncolytic virotherapy offers a unique treatment modality for prostate cancer, especially stages that are resistant to current therapies, with the additional benefit of preferentially targeting tumor cells amongst an environment of healthy tissue. herein, the low pathogenic enteroviruses; coxsackievirus a21 (cva21), as well as a bio-selected variant of coxsackievirus a21 (cva21-dafv) and echovirus 1 (ev1) are evaluated as novel oncolytic agents against human prostate cancer. | 2008 | 18288643 |
| molecular biology and pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. | myocarditis is a cardiac disease associated with inflammation and injury of the myocardium. several viruses have been associated with myocarditis in humans. however, coxsackievirus b3 is still considered the dominant etiological agent. the observed pathology in viral myocarditis is a result of cooperation or teamwork between viral processes and host immune responses at various stages of disease. both innate and adaptive immune responses are crucial determinants of the severity of myocardial dama ... | 2008 | 18039131 |
| detection of echovirus 18 in human breast milk. | we detected enteroviral rna and cultured infectious virus from a series of banked breast milk samples from the mother of an infant with neonatal sepsis; sequencing of the enterovirus isolate identified it as echovirus type 18. in this case, it is possible that enterovirus transmission occurred through the breast milk. | 2008 | 18199781 |
| primary neurons become less susceptible to coxsackievirus b5 following maturation: the correlation with the decreased level of car expression on cell surface. | coxsackievirus b (cvb) is one of the major pathogens of aseptic meningitis and meningioencephalitis, particularly in newborn infants. to analyze the influence of neural maturation on susceptibility to cvb infection, we prepared immature and mature neurons from 16-day-old balb/c embryonic cortex. in contrast to immature neurons, mature neurons were less susceptible to cvb5 infection, as indicated by the decrease of cytopathic features. in mature neurons, progeny virus production was significantly ... | 2008 | 18205224 |
| 5' terminal deletions in the genome of a coxsackievirus b2 strain occurred naturally in human heart. | enteroviruses can induce human myocarditis, which can be modeled in mice inoculated with group b coxsackieviruses (cvb) and in which cvb evolve to produce defective, terminally deleted genomes. the 5' non-translated region (ntr) was enzymatically amplified from heart tissue of a fatal case of enterovirus-associated myocarditis in japan in 2002. while no intact 5' viral genomic termini were detected, 5' terminal deletions ranged in size from 22 to 36 nucleotides. sequence of the 5' third of this ... | 2008 | 18378272 |
| temporal changes in stem cells in the circulation and myocardium of mice with coxsackie virus b3-induced myocarditis. | our goal was to investigate temporal changes in stem cell in the circulation and myocardium of mice with coxsackie virus b3-induced myocarditis. groups of mice were administered eagle's minimal essential medium or virus solution. the animals were further divided into six subgroups based on the following time points post-inoculation: 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. ten animals were studied in each subgroup. circulating blood mononuclear cells were collected from the heart and analyzed using flow cy ... | 2008 | 18206181 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from yunnan province, the people's republic of china. | this report presents an overview of human enteroviruses in yunnan province, the people's republic of china. a total of 210 non-polioviruses isolated under acute flaccid paralysis (afp) surveillance during a total study period of 5 years--1997 to 2000 and 2004--were examined. of the 210 non-poliovirus isolates, 12 adenoviruses were serologically identified, and the remaining 198 isolates were used for molecular typing. the viral genomes of 195 non-polio enteroviruses (npevs) on vp1 partial region ... | 2008 | 18297723 |
| molecular epidemiological study of hev-b enteroviruses involved in the increase in meningitis cases occurred in spain during 2006. | human enteroviruses are one of the main etiological agents of aseptic meningitis and other central nervous system infections, particularly the serotypes included in the enterovirus b species. molecular methods have proved useful to identify serotypes in clinical samples, facilitating the epidemiological study of these viruses. in the spring of 2006, there was a significant increase in meningitis cases caused by enteroviruses in spain. in the present study, 138 enteroviruses directly detected in ... | 2008 | 18428125 |
| development of robust antiviral assays for profiling compounds against a panel of positive-strand rna viruses using atp/luminescence readout. | the development of antiviral assays using an atp/luminescence-based readout to profile antiviral compounds against the positive-strand rna viruses: yellow fever virus (yfv), west nile virus (wnv), sindbis virus, and coxsackie b virus, representing three virus families, is described. this assay readout is based upon the bioluminescent measurement of atp in metabolically active cells. antiviral efficacy was determined by measuring the atp level in cells that were protected from the viral cytopathi ... | 2008 | 18433887 |
| prospective identification of enteroviruses involved in meningitis in 2006 through direct genotyping in cerebrospinal fluid. | enterovirus infections were investigated with special emphasis on performing rapid molecular identification of enterovirus serotypes responsible for aseptic meningitis directly in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). enterovirus genotyping was carried out directly with specimens tested for the diagnostic procedure, using two seminested pcr assays designed to amplify the complete and partial gene sequences encoding the vp1 and vp4/vp2 capsid proteins, respectively. the method was used for identifying the e ... | 2008 | 17977989 |