Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| two genotypes of h1n2 swine influenza viruses appeared among pigs in china. | h1n2 is one of the main subtypes of influenza, which circulates in swine all over the world. | 2009 | 19632889 |
| [elicitation of protective immune responses by a recombinant adenovirus expressing hemagglutinin of h3n2 siv in swine]. | to evaluate the immunity of the adenovirus recombinant rad-ha-gfp encoding an h3n2 swine influenza virus hemagglutinin. | 2009 | 19637575 |
| rapid multiplex reverse transcription-pcr typing of influenza a and b virus, and subtyping of influenza a virus into h1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, n1 (human), n1 (animal), n2, and n7, including typing of novel swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus, during the 2009 outbreak in milwaukee, wisconsin. | a large outbreak of novel influenza a (h1n1) virus (swine origin influenza virus [s-oiv]) infection in milwaukee, wi, occurred in late april 2009. we had recently developed a rapid multiplex reverse transcription-pcr enzyme hybridization assay (fluplex) to determine the type (a or b) and subtype (h1, h2, h3, h5, h7, h9, n1 [human], n1 [animal], n2, or n7) of influenza viruses, and this assay was used to confirm the diagnoses for the first infected patients in the state. the analytical sensitivit ... | 2009 | 19641063 |
| prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip), 2009. | this report updates the 2008 recommendations by cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine for the prevention and control of seasonal influenza (cdc. prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2008;57[no. rr-7]). information on vaccination issues related to the recently identified novel influenza a h1n1 virus will be published later in 2009. the 2009 seasonal influenza ... | 2009 | 19644442 |
| a dose-ranging study of a subunit respiratory syncytial virus subtype a vaccine with and without aluminum phosphate adjuvantation in adults > or =65 years of age. | we studied the safety and immunogenicity of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-a vaccine containing subunit antigens f, g and m in older persons, and its effect on influenza vaccine immunogenicity. in a dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, blinded trial 561 adults > or =65 years of age at five canadian sites were randomized to one intramuscular injection of either 100, 50 or 25 microg rsv-a-alum vaccine or 100 microg non-adjuvanted rsv-a vaccine, or alum-placebo. all participants were offered inac ... | 2009 | 19651171 |
| evaluation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests for detection of novel influenza a (h1n1) virus - united states, 2009. | the recent appearance and worldwide spread of novel influenza a (h1n1) virus has highlighted the need to evaluate commercially available, widely used, rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) for their ability to detect these viral antigens in respiratory clinical specimens. as an initial assessment, cdc conducted an evaluation of multiple ridts. sixty-five clinical respiratory specimens collected during april-may 2009 that had previously tested positive either for novel influenza a (h1n1) or fo ... | 2009 | 19661856 |
| [cloning and characterization of m1 gene of h3n2 subtype swine influenza virus]. | influenza a virus matrix protein (m1) is encoded by a spliced mrna derived from rna segment 7 and plays an important role in the virus life cycle. in the present study, we extracted the viral genome rnas from allantoic fluid of 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs infected with swine influenza a virus (siv) h3n2 subtype and amplified the siv m1 gene by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using the isloated viral genome rnas as template. the amplified cdna was cloned into an expression ... | 2009 | 19670634 |
| antibodies to pb1-f2 protein are induced in response to influenza a virus infection. | pb1-f2 is a small influenza a virus (iav) protein encoded by an alternative (+1) reading frame of the pb1 gene. while dispensable for iav replication in cultured cells, pb1-f2 has been implicated in iav pathogenicity. to better understand pb1-f2 expression in vivo and its immunogenicity, we analyzed anti-pb1-f2 antibodies (abs) in sera of mice infected intranasally (i.n.) with a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) virus and human acute and convalescent sera collected from the influenza h3n2 winter 2003-2004 epidemic ... | 2009 | 19672555 |
| [rescue of h3n2 subtype swine influenza virus and substitution of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase]. | to study the mechanisms of trans-species transmission of influenza virus for developing novel vaccine of influenza in future. | 2009 | 19673419 |
| mechanisms of the action of povidone-iodine against human and avian influenza a viruses: its effects on hemagglutination and sialidase activities. | influenza virus infection causes significant morbidity and mortality and has marked social and economic impacts throughout the world. the influenza surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na), act cooperatively to support efficient influenza a virus replication and provide the most important targets for anti-influenza chemotherapy. in this study, povidone-iodine (pvp-i), which has a broad-spectrum microbicidal property, was examined for its inhibitory effects against influen ... | 2009 | 19678928 |
| what will the next influenza season bring about: seasonal influenza or the new a(h1n1)v? an analysis of german influenza surveillance data. | for the next influenza season (winter 2009-10) the relative contributions to virus circulation and influenza-associated morbidity of the seasonal influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b, and the new influenza a(h1n1)v are still unknown. we estimated the chances of seasonal influenza to circulate during the upcoming season using data of the german influenza sentinel scheme from 1992 to 2009. we calculated type and subtype-specific indices for past exposure and the corresponding morbidity indices ... | 2009 | 19679036 |
| h3n2 influenza a virus replicates in immortalized human first trimester trophoblast cell lines and induces their rapid apoptosis. | epidemiological data suggested that pandemic influenza increased the risks of spontaneous abortion and premature labor, while seasonal influenza also increased the risk of schizophrenia in adolescence. however, their pathogenesis is so far unknown. | 2009 | 19694639 |
| differential suppressive effect of promyelocytic leukemia protein on the replication of different subtypes/strains of influenza a virus. | promyelocytic leukemia protein (pml) plays an important role in the defense against a number of viruses, including influenza a virus. however, the sensitivity of influenza a virus subtypes/strains to pml is unknown. we investigated the role of pml in the replication of different influenza a virus subtypes/strains using pan-pml knock-down a549 cells and pml-vi-overexpressed mdck cells. we found that (i) depletion of pan-pml by sirna rendered a549 cells more susceptible to influenza a virus strain ... | 2009 | 19703418 |
| using a mutual information-based site transition network to map the genetic evolution of influenza a/h3n2 virus. | mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution pathways of influenza a is of critical importance in the vaccine development and drug design of influenza virus. in this article, we have analyzed more than 4000 a/h3n2 hemagglutinin (ha) sequences from 1968 to 2008 to model the evolutionary path of the influenza virus, which allows us to predict its future potential drifts with specific mutations. | 2009 | 19706746 |
| [comparative study of avian influenza virus propagation in the cell culture and chick embryos]. | comparative reproduction studies of 7 avian influenza virus strains (h5n1, h5n2, h3n2, h4n6, h7n7) in vero and mdck cell lines have indicated that the mdck cell line is an optimal substrate for all study strains. the maximum viral output depends on trypsin concentrations and infection doses, which can differ for individual viral strains. the use of the optimal parameters of avian influenza virus replication in the mdck cell lines yields virus titers comparable with virus reproduction in the chic ... | 2009 | 19708550 |
| differences in patient age distribution between influenza a subtypes. | since the spring of 1977, two subtypes of influenza a virus (h3n2 and h1n1) have been seasonally infecting the human population. in this work we study the distribution of patient ages within the populations that exhibit the symptomatic disease caused by each of the different subtypes of seasonal influenza viruses. when the publicly available extensive information is pooled across multiple geographical locations and seasons, striking differences emerge between these subtypes. we report that the s ... | 2009 | 19718262 |
| identification of amino acid residues of influenza a virus h3 ha contributing to the recognition of molecular species of sialic acid. | to identify a determinant of human h3 hemagglutinin (ha) amino acid residues linked to the recognition of molecular species of sialic acid, we generated six mutant viruses possessing either the wild-type ha gene from a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2) or a genetically single-mutated ha gene at position 137, 144, 155, 158 or 193 from a genetic backbone of a/wsn/33 (h1n1) by reverse genetics. we evaluated the binding ability with four types of synthetic sialylglycolipids. the results indicate that the amino ac ... | 2009 | 19720062 |
| virologically confirmed population-based burden of hospitalization caused by influenza a and b among children in hong kong. | we sought to determine the virologically confirmed hospitalization rates associated with influenza virus infection among hong kong children. | 2009 | 19722912 |
| detection and subtyping of influenza a virus based on a short oligonucleotide microarray. | we report the design and characterization of a microarray with 46 short virus-specific oligonucleotides for detecting influenza a virus of 5 subtypes: h1n1, h1n2, h3n2, h5n1, and h9n2. a unique combination of 3 specific modifications was introduced into the microarray assay: (1) short probes of 19 to 27 nucleotides, (2) simple amplification of full-length hemagglutinin and neuraminidase cdnas with universal primers, and (3) klenow-mediated labeling and further amplification of the samples before ... | 2009 | 19733996 |
| recent human influenza a/h3n2 virus evolution driven by novel selection factors in addition to antigenic drift. | examination of the evolutionary dynamics of complete influenza viral genomes reveals that other processes, in conjunction with antigenic drift, play important roles in viral evolution and selection, but there is little biological evidence to support these genomic data. previous work demonstrated that after the a/fujian/411/2002-like h3n2 influenza a epidemic during 2003-2004, a preexisting nondominant fujian-like viral clade gained a small number of changes in genes encoding the viral polymerase ... | 2009 | 19743921 |
| single residue deletions along the length of the influenza ha fusion peptide lead to inhibition of membrane fusion function. | a panel of eight single amino acid deletion mutants was generated within the first 24 residues of the fusion peptide domain of the of the hemagglutinin (ha) of a/aichi/2/68 influenza a virus (h3n2 subtype). the mutant has were analyzed for folding, cell surface transport, cleavage activation, capacity to undergo acid-induced conformational changes, and membrane fusion activity. we found that the mutant deltaf24, at the c-terminal end of the fusion peptide, was expressed in a non-native conformat ... | 2009 | 19755201 |
| [type and subtype distribution of influenza virus and genetic evolution of hemagglutinin in shanghai area in duration of 2004 - 2008]. | to analyze the type and subtype distribution of influenza virus and the genetic evolution of hemagglutinin (ha) in shanghai area during 2004 to 2008. | 2009 | 19534952 |
| amantadine-resistant influenza a (h3n2) viruses in iran. | adamantanes have been used for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza a virus (iav) infections worldwide. however, they have limited use because of increasing number of resistant viruses during recent years. in investigating the frequency of amantadine-resistant iavs (h3n2) circulating in iran in 2005-2008, we found that m2 sequences of recently circulating viruses that were amantadine-resistant contained a ser31asn mutation. thus, adamantanes should not be used for treatment or prophylaxis ... | 2009 | 19537916 |
| detection of influenza a(h1n1)v virus by real-time rt-pcr. | influenza a(h1n1)v virus was first identified in april 2009. a novel real-time rt-pcr for influenza a(h1n1)v virus was set up ad hoc and validated following industry-standard criteria. the lower limit of detection of the assay was 384 copies of viral rna per ml of viral transport medium (95% confidence interval: 273-876 rna copies/ml). specificity was 100% as assessed on a panel of reference samples including seasonal human influenza a virus h1n1 and h3n2, highly pathogenic avian influenza a vir ... | 2009 | 19758541 |
| [anti-viral effects of tankejing preparations against influenza virus a]. | to investigate the anti-viral effects of tankejing preparations (including solutions, dry power inhalation and powder) against influenza virus a in vitro and the relationship between its anti-viral effect and preparations. | 2009 | 19764333 |
| an influenza a h1n1 virus revival - pandemic h1n1/09 virus. | in april 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza a virus, the so-called pandemic h1n1/09 virus (former designations include swine influenza, novel influenza, swine-origin influenza a [h1n1] virus [s-oiv], mexican flu, north american flu) was identified in mexico. the virus has since spread throughout the world and caused an influenza pandemic as defined by the criteria of the world health organization. this represents the first influenza a virus pandemic since the emergence of h3n2 (''hong kong'' flu) in 1 ... | 2009 | 19768379 |
| pandemic influenza as a current threat. | pandemics of influenza emerge from the aquatic bird reservoir, adapt to humans, modify their severity, and cause seasonal influenza. the catastrophic spanish h1n1 virus may have obtained all of its eight gene segments from the avian reservoir, whereas the asian h2n2 and the hong kong h3n2 pandemics emerged by reassortment between the circulating human virus and an avian h2 or h3 donor. of the 16 hemagglutinin subtypes, the h2, h5, h6, h7, and h9 viruses are considered to have pandemic potential. ... | 2009 | 19768398 |
| the feasibility of using high resolution genome sequencing of influenza a viruses to detect mixed infections and quasispecies. | the rapidly expanding availability of de novo sequencing technologies can greatly facilitate efforts to monitor the relatively high mutation rates of influenza a viruses and the detection of quasispecies. both the mutation rates and the lineages of influenza a viruses are likely to play an important role in the natural history of these viruses and the emergence of phenotypically and antigenically distinct strains. | 2009 | 19771155 |
| evaluation of twenty rapid antigen tests for the detection of human influenza a h5n1, h3n2, h1n1, and b viruses. | twenty rapid antigen assays were compared for their ability to detect influenza using dilutions of virus culture supernatants from human isolates of influenza a h5n1 (clade 1 and 2 strains), h3n2 and h1n1 viruses, and influenza b. there was variation amongst the rapid antigen assays in their ability to detect different influenza viruses. six of the 12 assays labeled as distinguishing between influenza a and b had comparable analytical sensitivities for detecting both influenza a h5n1 strains, al ... | 2009 | 19774693 |
| comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines. | the efficacy of influenza vaccines may vary from year to year, depending on a variety of factors, and may differ for inactivated and live attenuated vaccines. | 2009 | 19776407 |
| switching gears for an influenza pandemic: validation of a duplex reverse transcriptase pcr assay for simultaneous detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus. | rapid methods for the detection and confirmatory identification of pandemic influenza a virus (also known as pandemic [h1n1] 2009) are of utmost importance. in this study, a conventional reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of influenza a virus and the hemagglutinin of swine lineage h1 (swh1) was designed, optimized, and validated. nucleic acids were extracted from 198 consecutive nasopharyngeal, nasal, or throat swab specimens collected early in the outbreak (127 negative ... | 2009 | 19794033 |
| efficacy and safety of a live attenuated influenza vaccine in adults 60 years of age and older. | this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of laiv in community-dwelling ambulatory adults > or =60 years of age in south africa in 2001. nose and throat swabs were obtained for influenza virus culture based on the symptoms of influenza-like illness. a total of 3242 subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of 69.5 years. the efficacy of laiv against influenza viruses antigenically similar to the vaccine was 42.3% (95% ci, 21.6-57. ... | 2009 | 19796721 |
| detection of influenza a h1n1 and h3n2 mutations conferring resistance to oseltamivir using rolling circle amplification. | in the event of an influenza pandemic, the use of oseltamivir (otv) will undoubtedly increase and therefore it is more likely that otv-resistant influenza strains will also arise. otv-resistance genotyping using sequence-based testing on viruses isolated in cell culture is time consuming and less likely to detect the low-level presence of drug-resistant virus populations. we have developed a novel rolling circle amplification (rca) method to achieve the sensitive detection of otv-resistant virus ... | 2009 | 19800370 |
| residual immunity in older people against the influenza a(h1n1)--recent experience in northern spain. | the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) virus has a higher incidence in children and young adults, a pattern that has also been reported in seasonal influenza caused by the influenza a(h1n1)virus. we analysed age at infection in symptomatic patients with influenza in the basque country (northern spain), reported through the sentinel influenza surveillance system which monitors 2.2-2.5%of the population. between september 1999 and august 2009,influenza a(h3n2) or seasonal influenza a(h1n1) was detect ... | 2009 | 19814966 |
| [comparison of detection sensitivity in rapid-diagnosis influenza virus kits]. | rapid-diagnosis kits able to detect influenza a and b virus by immunochromatography developed by different manufacturers, while useful in early diagnosis, may vary widely in detection sensitivity. we compared sensitivity results for eight virus-detection kits in current use--quick chaser flua, b (mizuho medy), espline influenza a & b-n (fujirebio), capilia flu a + b (nippon beckton dickinson & alfesa pharma), poctem influenza a/b (otsuka pharma & sysmex), bd flu examan (nippon beckton dickinson) ... | 2009 | 19860254 |
| the first swedish h1n2 swine influenza virus isolate represents an uncommon reassortant. | the european swine influenza viruses (sivs) show considerable diversity comprising different types of h1n1, h3n2, and h1n2 strains. the intensifying full genome sequencing efforts reveal further reassortants within these subtypes. here we report the identification of an uncommon reassortant variant of h1n2 subtype influenza virus isolated from a pig in a multisite herd where h1n2 swine influenza was diagnosed for the first time in sweden during the winter of 2008-2009. the majority of the europe ... | 2009 | 19863790 |
| innate immune responses to influenza a h5n1: friend or foe? | avian influenza a h5n1 remains unusual in its virulence for humans. although infection of humans remains inefficient, many of those with h5n1 disease have a rapidly progressing viral pneumonia that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death, but its pathogenesis remains an enigma. comparison of the virology and pathogenesis of human seasonal influenza viruses (h3n2 and h1n1) and h5n1 in patients, animal models and relevant primary human cell cultures is instructive. although the dire ... | 2009 | 19864182 |
| reassortment between amantadine-resistant and -sensitive h1n1 influenza a viruses generated an amantadine-sensitive virus during the 2007-2008 season. | the frequency of the amantadine-resistant h1n1 influenza a virus has been increasing since the 2005-2006 season. it is unclear whether reassortment was involved in this trend. here, we show that cocirculation of amantadine-resistant and -sensitive strains led to the genesis of amantadine-sensitive reassortant virus during the 2007-2008 season. thereafter, the reassortant virus predominated. this contrasts with the trend for the h3n2 virus, in which the amantadine-resistant reassortant virus beca ... | 2009 | 19874176 |
| [antiviral activity of immunomodulator selank in experimental influenza infection]. | the main objective of this study was to evaluate the antiviral properties of the glyproline selank in both in vitro and in vivo against the influenza virus strain a/aichi 2/68 (h3n2). the pronounced antiviral effect of the agent was detected in both systems. selank added to the cell culture 24 hours before inoculation (a preventive use scheme) showed the highest efficiency, by completely suppressing viral reproduction. the in vivo studies also demonstrated that the highest survival of laboratory ... | 2009 | 19882898 |
| [monitoring of the sensitivity of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in russia to etiotropic chemical agents]. | the paper presents the results of studying the spectrum of influenza a and b viruses to rimantadine, arbidol, and oseltamivir and describes the methods used for these purposes for epidemiological surveillance. different sensitivities to rimantadine were found among influenza a viruses. during the 2007-2008 season, the vast majority of influenza a(h3n2) virus strains were resistant to rimantadine (77%) while all influenza a(h1n1) virus strains preserved their resistance to this drug. the fact tha ... | 2009 | 19882899 |
| [the characteristics of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains circulating in russia during the 2007-2008 season]. | in 2007-2008 in russia, the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1, a(h3n2), and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 334 epidemic strains. the results of a comparative study of the svirus specificity of commercial test systems (amplisens influenza virus a/b and amplisens influenza virus a/h5n1) for the polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and virological assays, including virus isolation, revealed their ... | 2009 | 19882900 |
| amantadine- and oseltamivir-resistant variants of influenza a viruses in thailand. | amantadine and oseltamivir are used to treat influenza a virus infections; however, resistance to these drugs has been widely reported throughout the world. in this study, the frequency and genetic characteristics of the drug-resistant influenza a viruses that circulated in thailand from 2006 to 2008 were investigated. the nucleotide sequences of the na and m2 genes were elucidated in order to identify mutations that confer oseltamivir- and amantadine-resistant phenotypes, respectively. a total ... | 2009 | 19850010 |
| genomic events underlying the changes in adamantane resistance among influenza a(h3n2) viruses during 2006-2008. | adamantanes resistance in h3n2 viruses has been increasing since 2000, and in 2005-2006 reached nearly 100% in most countries, with the circulation of the n-lineage. in 2006-2007, however, a significant decrease in resistance was observed in many regions. | 2009 | 19903212 |
| efficacy of inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine against culture-confirmed influenza in healthy adults: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | a new trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine (tiv) was recently introduced in the united states. we assessed the efficacy of tiv against culture-confirmed influenza a and/or b. | 2009 | 19909082 |
| boost of mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a response by clarithromycin in paediatric influenza. | the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (osv) is used to treat influenza. the macrolide clarithromycin (cam) is used to treat bacterial infections and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. this retrospective study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of cam in children presenting with influenza a. | 2009 | 19909463 |
| clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir and zanamivir for treatment of influenza a virus subtype h1n1 with the h274y mutation: a japanese, multicenter study of the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 influenza seasons. | influenza a virus subtype h1n1 with the h274y mutation emerged and spread worldwide. however, the clinical effectiveness of the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, has not been adequately reevaluated. | 2009 | 19911968 |
| neutrophils ameliorate lung injury and the development of severe disease during influenza infection. | the clinical response to influenza infection ranges from mild disease to severe pneumonia and it remains unclear whether the inflammatory response to infection is protective or pathogenic. we have defined a novel role for neutrophils in ameliorating lung injury during influenza infection, thereby limiting development of severe disease. infection of neutrophil-depleted mice with influenza virus hkx31 (h3n2) led to rapid weight loss, pneumonia, and death. neutropenia was associated with enhanced v ... | 2009 | 19917678 |
| seasonal, avian, and novel h1n1 influenza: prevention and treatment modalities. | to review the pathophysiology, pandemics/epidemics, transmissibility, clinical presentation, treatment, prevention/immunization, and resistance associated with seasonal, avian, and swine influenza. | 2009 | 19920156 |
| evolutionary trends of a(h1n1) influenza virus hemagglutinin since 1918. | the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 is spreading to numerous countries and causing many human deaths. although the symptoms in humans are mild at present, fears are that further mutations in the virus could lead to a potentially more dangerous outbreak in subsequent months. as the primary immunity-eliciting antigen, hemagglutinin (ha) is the major agent for host-driven antigenic drift in a(h3n2) virus. however, whether and how the evolution of ha is influenced by existing immunity is poorly understood for ... | 2009 | 19924230 |
| [synthesis and biological activity of complexes of sulfonate-containing polyanions and gentamycin]. | a series of copolymers of acrylamide (am) with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (ammpsa) and n-2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylamide (hpma) with acrylic acid (aa) have been synthesized. complexes of gentamycin in the base form with these polymers and dextran sulfate were obtained. it is established that both poly(ammpca) and its complex with gentamycin exhibit an antiviral activity in vitro against human a(h3n2) influenza virus and herpes simplex virus of type 1 (hsv-1). the hpma-aa copolymer ... | 2009 | 19928575 |
| loss of a single n-linked glycan from the hemagglutinin of influenza virus is associated with resistance to collectins and increased virulence in mice. | glycosylation on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza virus acts as an important target for recognition and destruction of virus by innate immune proteins of the collectin family. this, in turn, modulates the virulence of different viruses for mice. the role of particular oligosaccharide attachments on the ha in determining sensitivity to collectins has yet to be fully elucidated. | 2009 | 19930664 |
| from where did the 2009 'swine-origin' influenza a virus (h1n1) emerge? | the swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus that appeared in 2009 and was first found in human beings in mexico, is a reassortant with at least three parents. six of the genes are closest in sequence to those of h1n2 'triple-reassortant' influenza viruses isolated from pigs in north america around 1999-2000. its other two genes are from different eurasian 'avian-like' viruses of pigs; the na gene is closest to h1n1 viruses isolated in europe in 1991-1993, and the mp gene is closest to h3n2 viruses ... | 2009 | 19930669 |
| trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine given to two-month-old children: an off-season pilot study. | although children less than 6 months of age have the highest risk for hospitalization related to influenza infection, influenza vaccine is not approved for these children. | 2009 | 19935270 |
| incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza pneumonia in thailand: 2005-2008. | data on the incidence, seasonality and mortality associated with influenza in subtropical low and middle income countries are limited. prospective data from multiple years are needed to develop vaccine policy and treatment guidelines, and improve pandemic preparedness. | 2009 | 19936224 |
| fitness of pandemic h1n1 and seasonal influenza a viruses during co-infection: evidence of competitive advantage of pandemic h1n1 influenza versus seasonal influenza. | on june 11, 2009 the world health organization (who) declared a new h1n1 influenza pandemic. this pandemic strain is as transmissible as seasonal h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses. major concerns facing this pandemic are whether the new virus will replace, co-circulate and/or reassort with seasonal h1n1 and/or h3n2 human strains. using the ferret model, we investigated which of these three possibilities were most likely favored. our studies showed that the current pandemic virus is more transmis ... | 2009 | 20029606 |
| [swine influenza virus: evolution mechanism and epidemic characterization--a review]. | pigs may play an important role in the evolution and ecology of influenza a virus. the tracheal epithelium of pigs contain both sa alpha 2,6 gal and sa alpha 2,3 gal receptors and can be infected with swine, human and avian viruses, therefore, pigs have been considered as an intermediate host for the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to humans or as mixing vessels for the generation of genetically reassortant viruses. evolution patterns among swine influenza viruses including evolution of ho ... | 2009 | 20030049 |
| signature peptides of influenza nucleoprotein for the typing and subtyping of the virus by high resolution mass spectrometry. | the use of high resolution mass spectrometry to record the accurate mass of signature peptides within proteolytic digests of the nucleoprotein antigen, and whole influenza virus, is shown to be able to rapidly type and subtype the virus. conserved sequences for predicted tryptic peptides were identified through alignments of those for the nucleoprotein across all influenza types and subtypes. peptides with unique theoretical masses from those generated in silico for all influenza antigen sequenc ... | 2009 | 19838412 |
| influenza virus ctl epitopes, remarkably conserved and remarkably variable. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) contribute to the control of virus infections including those caused by influenza viruses. especially under circumstances when antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination fail to recognize and neutralize the virus adequately, ctl are important and contribute to protective immunity. during epidemic outbreaks caused by antigenic drift variants and during pandemic outbreaks of influenza, humoral immunity against influenza viruses is inadequat ... | 2009 | 19840674 |
| [safety and immunological effect of domestic split influenza virus vaccine]. | to evaluate the safety and immunological effect of domestic split influenza virus vaccine. | 2009 | 19954075 |
| [new betulin derivatives in combination with rimantadine for inhibition of influenza virus reproduction]. | the preliminary studies mainly revealed comparable inhibition activities of 3-oxime of betulonic acid, 3beta-o-acetyl-28-o-hemiphthalate of betulin and 3,28-dioxime of betulin against reproduction of influenza viruses a (h1n1), a (h7n1), a (h3n2) and b, as well as against the strains of influenza virus a (h1n1) with intrinsic resistance to rimantadine and a (h7n1) with acquired resistance to the drug. the level of the activity depended on the system used for the virus reproduction. the highest l ... | 2009 | 20052912 |
| [the meta analysis on the safety and immunogenicity of domestic and imported split influenza virus vaccines]. | to compare the safety and immunogenicity between domestic and imported, imported and imported split influenza virus vaccine in chinese population. | 2009 | 20077670 |
| [evaluation on the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza virus vaccine]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of split influenza virus vaccine made in changchun institute of biological products. | 2009 | 20084888 |
| [analysis on surveillance of influenza in tianshui prefecture from 2005 to 2008]. | to observe epidemic status and the types of the influenza virus, to analyse influenza epidemic trends in tianshui city, and to provide basis for influenza prevention and control. | 2009 | 20084889 |
| direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested pcr detection of influenza viruses without rna purification. | this paper describes the development a of direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, devised for simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses. this method combines the direct reverse transcription reaction without rna purification with the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of nested pcr. the method successfully detected three major human influenza viruses: influenza virus a subtype 1 (h1n1) and subtype 3 (h3n2), and influenza b virus ... | 2009 | 19996703 |
| generation and characterization of a cold-adapted attenuated live h3n2 subtype influenza virus vaccine candidate. | h3n2 subtype influenza a viruses have been identified in humans worldwide, raising concerns about their pandemic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza a virus. the aim of this study was to establish a system for rescuing of a cold-adapted high-yielding h3n2 subtype human influenza virus by reverse genetics. | 2009 | 20092795 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human influenza a viruses in three consecutive seasons with different epidemiological profiles. | influenza activity and influenza virus circulation were observed in lombardy (northern italy) during three consecutive seasons and the molecular characteristics of circulating viruses analysed to control for introduction of new variants. | 2009 | 20099442 |
| [etiology monitoring of influenza virus and variation in hemagglutinin genes of h13 subtype in wuxi area]. | to monitor the seasonal distribution of influenza types and subtypes in wuxi area during 2005-2008, and to investigate the variation in hemagglutinin (ha) genes of a/h3n2 strains in 2008. | 2009 | 20104768 |
| [an analysis on genetic characterization of ha1 gene of influenza virus subtype h3n2 circulated from 2001 to 2006 in liaoning local area]. | to understand the ha1 genetic variation characterization of influenza virus subtype h3n2 circulated from 2001 to 2006 in liaoning local area. | 2009 | 20104769 |
| [in vitro activity of ingavirin against influenza virus a (h3n2)]. | the comparative analysis of the efficacy of ingavirin and etiotropic chemotherapeutics, such as arbidol and remantadin, against the influenza virus a (h3n2) performed with the use of susceptible permanent cell cultures showed that in the used concentrations ingavirin was efficient in inhibition of the virus cytopathic activity, formation of the specific hemagglutinin and reproduction of the virus (by the accumulation). | 2009 | 20415259 |
| [epidemiological and molecular characterization of seasonal influenza a/h3n2 viruses circulating in shenzhen, 2005 - 2007]. | to determine the epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza in shenzhen from 2005 to 2007 and the molecular variation of ha1 domain of influenza h3n2 viruses. | 2009 | 20137464 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from pigs in ibadan, nigeria. | the authors investigated influenza virus types in pigs in ibadan, a city in oyo state, south-western nigeria. from april to june 2008, nasal swabs were collected from pigs at three locations in ibadan. influenza a viruses (four a [h1n1], two a [h3n2] and one a [h1n1]-a [h3n2] double reactant) were isolated from 7 of the 50 apparently healthy landrace pigs tested. this study is the first documented isolation of swine influenza viruses in nigeria and it reveals that different strains of influenza ... | 2009 | 20391401 |
| [study on the antigenicity and ha1 gene characteristics of influenza a viruses during 2004-2008 year in china]. | to under stand influenza a viruses epidemic, antigenicity and genetic characteristics variation between the vaccine and circulation strains during 2004-2008 year in china. | 2009 | 20718339 |
| [review on the etiological property of 1968 hong kong flu virus (h3n2)]. | 2009 | 20361594 | |
| proteomics-based characterization of hemagglutinins in different strains of influenza virus. | infection with influenza a (subtypes h1n1 and h3n2) or b viruses results in over half a million deaths worldwide every year. frequent antigenic changes (drift) in two major viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase lead to the constant emergence of antigenically distinct virus strains against which there is sub-optimal immunity in the population. consequently the suitability of the viral strains included in the trivalent influenza vaccine (tiv) has to be re-evaluated annually. ... | 2009 | 21137000 |
| absence of cross-reactive antibodies to influenza a (h1n1) 2009 before and after vaccination with 2009 southern hemisphere seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in children aged 6 months-9 years: a prospective study. | early outbreaks of the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus predominantly involved young children, who fuelled transmission through spread in homes and schools. seroprevalence studies conducted on stored serum collections indicated low levels of antibody to the novel strain in this age group, leading many to recommend priority immunisation of paediatric populations. | 2010 | 21138535 |
| pandemic influenza 1918 h1n1 and 1968 h3n2 dna vaccines induce cross-reactive immunity in ferrets against infection with viruses drifted for decades. | alternative influenza vaccines and vaccine production forms are needed as the conventional protein vaccines do not induce broad cross-reactivity against drifted strains. furthermore, fast vaccine production is especially important in a pandemic situation, and broader vaccine reactivity would diminish the need for frequent change in the vaccine formulations. | 2010 | 21138536 |
| emergency surveillance of influenza during 2009 in the chinese city of qingdao. | in april, 2009, a new influenza pandemic caused by a swine-origin h1n1 subtype influenza virus was imminent. we thereby carried out an emergency surveillance study in a chinese city of qingdao. | 2010 | 21138541 |
| determination of serum neutralization antibodies against seasonal influenza a strain h3n2 and the emerging strains 2009 h1n1 and avian h5n1. | humoral virus neutralizing activity is crucial in preventing influenza virus infection. however, the influenza neutralizing activity in the general population remains unclear. | 2010 | 21142624 |
| characterization of influenza virus sialic acid receptors in minor poultry species. | it is commonly accepted that avian influenza viruses (aivs) bind to terminal α2,3 sialic acid (sa) residues whereas human influenza viruses bind to α2,6 sa residues. by a series of amino acid changes on the ha surface protein, aivs can switch receptor specificity and recognize α2,6 sa positive cells, including human respiratory epithelial cells. animal species, like pigs and japanese quail, that contain both α2,3 and α2,6 sa become ideal environments for receptor switching. here, we describe the ... | 2010 | 21143937 |
| characterization of two low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated in hungary in 2007. | two low pathogenic (lp) avian influenza virus strains, a/mallard/hungary/19616/07 (h3n8) and a/mute swan/hungary/5973/07 (h7n7), isolated as part of the national surveillance program in hungary, were fully sequenced and characterized. the two viruses showed the closest phylogenetic relationship regarding their acidic polymerase genes. the h7n7 hungarian virus and some h5n2 influenza viruses isolated from korean pigs appeared to have their basic polymerase gene 1 from a relatively recent common a ... | 2010 | 20363081 |
| long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate (cs-8958) versus oseltamivir as treatment for children with influenza virus infection. | we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to compare a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, laninamivir octanoate, with oseltamivir. eligible patients were children 9 years of age and under who had febrile influenza symptoms of no more than 36-h duration. patients were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: a group given 40 mg laninamivir (40-mg group), a group given 20 mg laninamivir (20-mg group), and an oseltamivir group. laninamivir octanoate was administered as a single inhal ... | 2010 | 20368393 |
| mixed infections of pandemic h1n1 and seasonal h3n2 viruses in 1 outbreak. | in early september 2009, an outbreak of influenza occurred at a college campus in beijing, china, in which both pandemic h1n1 and seasonal h3n2 viruses were detected. | 2010 | 20380566 |
| a computational analysis of the antigenic properties of haemagglutinin in influenza a h3n2. | motivation: modelling antigenic shift in influenza a h3n2 can help to predict the efficiency of vaccines. the virus is known to exhibit sudden jumps in antigenic distance, and prediction of such novel strains from amino acid sequence differences remains a challenge. results: from analysis of 6624 amino acid sequences of wild-type h3, we propose updates to the frequently referenced list of 131 amino acids located at or near the five identified antibody binding regions in haemagglutinin (ha). we i ... | 2010 | 20388627 |
| a sero-survey of subtype h3 influenza a virus infection in dogs and cats in japan. | a sero-epidemiological survey of human and equine h3 influenza a virus infections in dogs and cats using the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neuraminidase inhibition (ni) tests was conducted. serum samples were collected from 582 dogs and 237 cats in japan during the periods 2002-2008 and 1997-2008, respectively. although no hi antibodies against equine h3 virus were detected, 9 (3.8%) from cats and 12 (2.1%) from dogs were hi-positive against human h3 virus. only one serum each from dogs a ... | 2010 | 21150133 |
| projection of seasonal influenza severity from sequence and serological data. | severity of seasonal influenza a epidemics is related to the antigenic novelty of the predominant viral strains circulating each year. support for a strong correlation between epidemic severity and antigenic drift comes from infectious challenge experiments on vaccinated animals and human volunteers, field studies of vaccine efficacy, prospective studies of subjects with laboratory-confirmed prior infections, and analysis of the connection between drift and severity from surveillance data. we sh ... | 2010 | 21152078 |
| m-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus. | since the initial outbreak in march 2009, the novel pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus has affected individuals worldwide and caused over 18,138 deaths. there is an urgent need for the development of an easy, accurate and simple method for the diagnosis of this novel pandemic virus. | 2010 | 21155764 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent single dose seasonal influenza vaccine containing pandemic a(h1n1) antigen in younger and elderly subjects: a phase iii open-label single-arm study. | during the pandemic of the 2009 a(h1n1) influenza virus strain, 20-40% of the population in some areas were infected. infection with a(h1n1) may be mild, with an average case fatality rate below 0.25%, but severe disease is not limited to patients with underlying medical conditions. since a(h1n1) is expected to continue to circulate it is included in the seasonal influenza vaccines for the 2010-2011 winter season. we investigated the immunogenicity and safety of a preservative-free non-adjuvante ... | 2010 | 21167116 |
| vaccination inducing broad and improved cross protection against multiple subtypes of influenza a virus. | development of an influenza vaccine that provides broadly cross-protective immunity has been a scientific challenge for more than half a century. this study presents an approach to overcome strain-specific protection by supplementing conventional vaccines with virus-like particles (vlps) containing the conserved m2 protein (m2 vlps) in the absence of adjuvants. we demonstrate that an inactivated influenza vaccine supplemented with m2 vlps prevents disease symptoms without showing weight loss and ... | 2010 | 21187388 |
| n-linked glycosylation facilitates sialic acid-independent attachment and entry of influenza a viruses into cells expressing dc-sign or l-sign. | it is widely recognized that sialic acid (sa) can mediate attachment of influenza virus to the cell surface, and yet the specific receptors that mediate virus entry are not known. for many viruses, a definitive demonstration of receptor function has been achieved when nonpermissive cells are rendered susceptible to infection following transfection of the gene encoding a putative receptor. for influenza virus, such approaches have been confounded by the abundance of sa on mammalian cells so that ... | 2010 | 21191006 |
| a high dosage influenza vaccine induced significantly more neuraminidase antibody than standard vaccine among elderly subjects. | antibody to the neuraminidase (na) antigen of influenza viruses has been shown to correlate with immunity to influenza in humans and animal models. in a previous report, we showed that an inactivated influenza vaccine containing 60microg of the hemagglutinin (ha) of each strain induced significantly more serum anti-ha antibody among elderly persons than did the standard vaccine containing 15microg of the ha of each component. we developed a lectin-based assay for anti-na antibody and used it to ... | 2010 | 20044052 |
| narcissus tazetta lectin shows strong inhibitory effects against respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a (h1n1, h3n2, h5n1) and b viruses. | a mannose-binding lectin (narcissus tazetta lectin [ntl]) with potent antiviral activity was isolated and purified from the bulbs of the chinese daffodil narcissus tazetta var. chinensis, using ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose, affinity chromatography on mannose-agarose and fast protein liquid chromatography (fplc)-gel filtration on superose 12. the purified lectin was shown to have an apparent molecular mass of 26 kda by gel filtration and 13 kda by sds-page, in ... | 2010 | 20413914 |
| novel h1n2 swine influenza reassortant strain in pigs derived from the pandemic h1n1/2009 virus. | swine influenza monitoring programs have been in place in italy since the 1990 s and from 2009 testing for the pandemic h1n1/2009 virus (h1n1pdm) was also performed on all the swine samples positive for type a influenza. this paper reports the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel h1n2 swine influenza reassortant strain from pigs in italy that was derived from the h1n1pdm virus. in may 2010, mild respiratory symptoms were observed in around 10% of the pigs raised on a fattening farm ... | 2010 | 21208754 |
| [study on the genome sequence of influenza virus subtype a/h3n2 strains circulated in zhejiang province during 1998 to 2009.] | objective: to analyze the relationship between influenza epidemic and genetic characteristic on the whole genome of influenza virus subtype a/h3n2 strains isolated in zhejiang province during 1998 to 2009. methods: all of the eight genes from the 19 zhejiang influenza virus isolates, circulated during 1998 to 2009, were amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced. the obtained sequences were aligned and analyzed with the vaccine strains being used in the last 10 years. results: the highest mutation happen ... | 2010 | 21223666 |
| a comparison of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seasonal influenza a and 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) in guatemala. | a new influenza a (h1n1) virus was first found in april 2009 and proceeded to cause a global pandemic. we compare the epidemiology and clinical presentation of seasonal influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2) and 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) (ph1n1) using a prospective surveillance system for acute respiratory disease in guatemala. | 2010 | 21209850 |
| [traceability of the a/h3n2 virus borne influenza pandemic in zhejiang province, 1998.] | objective: to trace back to the influenza pandemic caused by a/h3n2 virus happened in zhejiang province, 1998. methods: the whole genome of three isolates related to zhejiang influenza virus was amplified through rt-pcr, and the identified sequences were aligned with the sequences downloaded from genbank of the h3n2 strains which were circulating in other regions during 1995 to 1998. the crossing hai titers of the reference strains were measured by hai test and antigenic ratios were calculated. ... | 2010 | 21215085 |
| synthesis of new c5-(1-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-4 or 5-yl)-2'-deoxyuridines and their antiviral evaluation. | the synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a series of c5-(1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolo)-nucleoside derivatives is described. the key steps of this synthesis are regioselective huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, using either copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (cuaac) or ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (ruaac) under microwave activation. some compounds among the 5a-l series possess activity against herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, human ... | 2010 | 21232828 |
| co-infection with influenza a/h1n1 and a/h3n2 viruses in a patient with influenza-like illness during the winter/spring of 2008 in shanghai, china. | co-infection with different influenza viruses occurs naturally and plays an important role in epidemiology and pathogenicity. to monitor the prevalence of influenza viruses in humans during seasonal influenza epidemics in shanghai, china, and to analyze the genetic characteristics of the viruses, 365 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients with influenza-like illness between january and april 2008, were tested by a colloidal gold assay, viral isolation in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) ce ... | 2010 | 21280055 |
| [the study of multiple rt-pcr-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique for detecting influenza viruses]. | to establish a multiplex rt-pcr-based reverse dot blot hybridization technique to detect influenza viruses. | 2010 | 21280332 |
| [monitoring for influenza in population of western siberia in 2007-2009]. | to analyze influenza viruses isolated in the 2008-2009 autumn-winter season, and to test sera collected in the south of western siberia during the beginning and the end of the epidemic seasons from 2007 until the a/h1n1 pandemic. | 2010 | 21381373 |
| synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-ones. | a new series of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones were prepared through schiff base formation of 3-amino-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3)h-one with various substituted carbonyl compounds. their chemical structures were elucidated by spectral studies. cytotoxicity and antiviral activity were evaluated against herpes simplex virus-1 (kos), herpes simplex virus-2 (g), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus-1 tk- kos acvr, para influenza-3 virus, reovirus-1, sind ... | 2010 | 20724039 |