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identification of cd4+ t-cell epitope and investigation of hla distribution for the immunogenic proteins of burkholderia pseudomallei using in silico approaches - a key vaccine development strategy for melioidosis.melioidosis is a serious infectious diseases affecting multi-organ system in humans with high mortality rate. the disease is caused by the bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei and it is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. thus, there is an urgent need for protective vaccine against b. pseudomallei; which may reduce morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. the identification of peptides that bind to major histocompatibility complex ii class helps in understanding the nature of immune re ...201627086038
melioidosis: where do we stand in the development of an effective vaccine? 201627081770
seroprevalence of burkholderia pseudomallei among adults in coastal areas in southwestern india.although melioidosis, is an important disease in many southeast asian countries and australia, there is limited data on its prevalence and disease burden in india. however, an increase in case reports of melioidosis in recent years indicates its endemicity in india.201627078156
quorum sensing influences burkholderia thailandensis biofilm development and matrix production.members of the genus burkholderia are known to be adept at biofilm formation, which presumably assists in the survival of these organisms in the environment and the host. biofilm formation has been linked to quorum sensing (qs) in several bacterial species. in this study, we characterized burkholderia thailandensis biofilm development under flow conditions and sought to determine whether qs contributes to this process. b. thailandensis biofilm formation exhibited an unusual pattern: the cells fo ...201627068594
erratum to: burkholderia pseudomallei induces il-23 production in primary human monocytes. 201627048481
identification of the burkholderia pseudomallei bacteriophage st79 lysis gene cassette.to identify and characterize the lysis gene cassette from the bacteriophage st79 that lyses burkholderia pseudomallei.201627038077
investigation of recurrent melioidosis in lao people's democratic republic by multilocus sequence typing.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the saprophytic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei in northeast thailand and northern australia, where the disease is highly endemic, a range of molecular tools have been used to study its epidemiology and pathogenesis. in the lao people's democratic republic (laos) where melioidosis has been recognized as endemic since 1999, no such studies have been undertaken. we used a multilocus sequence typing scheme specific for b. pseudomallei to investigat ...201627001759
serological evidence of infection with endemic human pathogens among free-ranging old world monkeys in puerto rico.serum specimens from free-ranging but nonnative patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in southwestern puerto rico (pr) were tested for antibodies to infection with dengue viruses (denvs), west nile virus (wnv), leptospira species, and burkholderia pseudomallei by microneutralization, plaque reduction neutralization, microscopic agglutination, and indirect hemagglutination, respectively. of 23 animals (21 e. patas and two m. mulatta) tested, all had evidence of p ...201627001754
novel engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides display broad-spectrum activity against francisella tularensis, yersinia pestis and burkholderia pseudomallei.broad-spectrum antimicrobials are needed to effectively treat patients infected in the event of a pandemic or intentional release of a pathogen prior to confirmation of the pathogen's identity. engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (ecaps) display activity against a number of bacterial pathogens including multi-drug-resistant strains. two lead ecaps, wlbu2 and wr12, were compared with human cathelicidin (ll-37) against three highly pathogenic bacteria: francisella tularensis, yersinia pesti ...201626673248
unravelling the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity among burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from south india using multi-locus sequence typing.there is a slow but steady rise in the case detection rates of melioidosis from various parts of the indian sub-continent in the past two decades. however, the epidemiology of the disease in india and the surrounding south asian countries remains far from well elucidated. multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) is a useful epidemiological tool to study the genetic relatedness of bacterial isolates both with-in and across the countries. with this background, we studied the molecular epidemiology of 32 ...201627992477
melioidosis: series of eight cases.melioidosis caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is a very serious infection and has been sporadically reported from the indian subcontinent. this disease entity can have acute and chronic presentations involving different organ systems. the purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors, clinical presentations, therapy and outcome of culture proven cases of melioidosis.201627735148
glibenclamide impairs responses of neutrophils against burkholderia pseudomallei by reduction of intracellular glutathione.the major risk factor for melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by b. pseudomallei, is diabetes mellitus. more than half of diabetic melioidosis patients in thailand were prescribed glibenclamide. recent evidence demonstrates that glibenclamide reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) of diabetic individuals in response to this bacterial infection. however, the mechanisms by which glibenclamide affects cytokine production are unknown. we found that ...201627713554
burkholderia pseudomallei resistance to antibiotics in biofilm-induced conditions is related to efflux pumps.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, has been found to increase its resistance to antibiotics when growing as a biofilm. the resistance is related to several mechanisms. one of the possible mechanisms is the efflux pump. using bioinformatics analysis, it was found that bpsl1661, bpsl1664 and bpsl1665 were orthologous genes of the efflux transporter encoding genes for biofilm-related antibiotic resistance, pa1874-pa1877 genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1. expres ...201627702426
melioidosis: a rare cause of liver abscess.case presentation. this is a case of a 44-year-old male, farmer, known to be diabetic, presenting with two-week history of vague abdominal pain associated with high grade fever. abdominal ct scan showed localized liver abscess at segment 8 measuring 7.5 × 6.8 × 6.1 cm. patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic ultrasound guided pigtail insertion for drainage of abscess. culture studies showed moderate growth of burkholderia pseudomallei in which the patient completed seven days of iv meropenem ...201627529039
burkholderia thailandensis: growth and laboratory maintenance.burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic gram-negative bacterium found in tropical soils. closely related to several human pathogens, its ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth in the laboratory, and low virulence make b. thailandensis a commonly used model organism. this unit describes the fundamental protocols for in vitro growth and maintenance of b. thailandensis in the laboratory. © 2016 by john wiley & sons, inc.201627517336
farnesol increases the susceptibility of burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm to antimicrobials used to treat melioidosis.the aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro activity of farnesol alone and combined with the antibacterial drugs amoxicillin, doxycycline, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.201626669506
functional genome screening to elucidate the colistin resistance mechanism.antibiogram profile of 1590 clinical bacterial isolates based on thirteen different antimicrobial compounds showed that 1.6% of the bacterial isolates are multidrug resistant. distribution pattern based on 16s rrna sequence analysis showed that pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted the largest group (83.6%) followed by burkholderia pseudomallei sp. a191 (5.17%), staphylococcus sp. a261 (3.45%). among the various antibiotics used, colistin appeared to be the most effective against the gram negative ...201626988670
experimental persistent infection of balb/c mice with small-colony variants of burkholderia pseudomallei leads to concurrent upregulation of pd-1 on t cells and skewed th1 and th17 responses.burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei), the causative agent of melioidosis, is a deadly pathogen endemic across parts of tropical south east asia and northern australia. b. pseudomallei can remain latent within the intracellular compartment of the host cell over prolonged periods of time, and cause persistent disease leading to treatment difficulties. understanding the immunological mechanisms behind persistent infection can result in improved treatment strategies in clinical melioidosis.201626974441
characteristics, clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality of patients with melioidosis in southern thailand: a 10-year retrospective study.to study characteristics, clinical outcomes and factors influencing mortality of patients afflicted with melioidosis.201626972397
immunisation with proteins expressed during chronic murine melioidosis provides enhanced protection against disease.there is an urgent need for an effective vaccine against human disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, and although a wide range of candidates have been tested in mice none provide high level protection. we considered this might reflect the inability of these vaccine candidates to protect against chronic disease. using q-rt pcr we have identified 6 genes which are expressed in bacteria colonising spleens and lungs of chronically infected mice. three of the genes (bpsl1897, bpsl3369 and bpsl ...201626917010
central nervous system melioidosis mimics malignancy: a case report and literature review.central nervous system (cns) melioidosis is notorious because of the difficulty in bacteria eradication and the destruction of brain structures. early manifestation of cns melioidosis mimics malignancy or stroke. we present a case of cns melioidosis that initially manifested as malignancy.201626882971
successful treatment outcome of primary melioidosis pneumonia-a case report from bangladesh.melioidosis is endemic in tropical australia and southeast asian countries and its causative organism burkholderia pseudomallei is a recognized cause of pneumonia in these regions. recent isolation of the organism in the soil of kapasia, gazipur, bangladesh has proven its exposure among the population residing in endemic areas of our country. pneumonia is the most common presentation of melioidosis. acute, subacute and chronic pneumonia due to b. pseudomallei can present as primary or secondary ...201626879846
predicted global distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis.burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes melioidosis, is commonly found in soil in southeast asia and northern australia(1,2). melioidosis can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse clinical manifestations and the inadequacy of conventional bacterial identification methods(3). the bacterium is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and treatment with ineffective antimicrobials may result in case fatality rates (cfrs) exceeding 70%(4,5). the im ...201626877885
lack of utility of nasopharyngeal swabs for diagnosis of burkholderia pseudomallei pneumonia in paediatric patients.diagnosis of burkholderia pseudomallei pneumonia in children is challenging. we investigated the utility of nasopharyngeal swabs taken from 194 paediatric patients on admission with radiologically proven pneumonia. melioidosis was proven in 0.5% of samples tested and only in a third of those known to be bacteraemic with b. pseudomallei. it appears unlikely that culture of nasopharyngeal secretions is helpful to confirm b. pseudomallei pneumonia in paediatric patients.201626874977
multilocus sequence typing of 102 burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from china.the phylogenetic and epidemiological relationships of 102 burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates from different geographical and population sources in china were investigated by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the mlst data were analysed using the e-burst algorithm, and an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram was constructed based on the pair-wise differences in the allelic profiles of the strains. forty-one sequence types (sts) were identified, of which eight wer ...201626744829
community-acquired pneumonia in the asia-pacific region.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. aging population, dense urbanization, and poor access to health care make the asia-pacific region vulnerable to cap. the high incidence of cap poses a significant health and economic burden in this region. common etiologic agents in other global regions including streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and respiratory vir ...201627960208
community-acquired pneumonia: a global perspective.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a global disease responsible for a large proportion of deaths and having significant economic cost. as diagnostic tools have increased in sensitivity, our understanding of the etiology of cap has begun to change with a significant increase in confirmed viral infections and the recognition that multiple pathogens are frequently present. empiric therapy remains the standard of care and guidelines are mostly based on published data from the united states or eur ...201627960204
burkholderia pseudomallei type iii secreted protein bipc: role in actin modulation and translocation activities required for the bacterial intracellular lifecycle.melioidosis, an infection caused by the facultative intracellular pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, has been classified as an emerging disease with the number of patients steadily increasing at an alarming rate. b. pseudomalleipossess various virulence determinants that allow them to invade the host and evade the host immune response, such as the type iii secretion systems (ttss). the products of this specialized secretion system are particularly important for the b. pseudomallei infection. la ...201628028452
evolution of bopa gene in burkholderia: a case of convergent evolution as a mechanism for bacterial autophagy evasion.autophagy is an important defense mechanism targeting intracellular bacteria to restrict their survival and growth. on the other hand, several intracellular pathogens have developed an antiautophagy mechanism to facilitate their own replication or intracellular survival. up to now, no information about the origin or evolution of the antiautophagic genes in bacteria is available. bopa is an effector protein secreted by burkholderia pseudomallei via the type three secretion system, and it has been ...201628018913
a predicted cation transporter protein, bpss1228, is involved in intracellular behaviour of burkholderia pseudomallei in a human lung epithelial cell line (a549).burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal infectious disease in tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. the intracellular behaviour of this pathogen in host cells has been reported to impact the severity of melioidosis, including the development of septicaemia, a consequence of pneumonia melioidosis. we previously identified a predicted cation transporter protein, bpss1228, that participates in the transitional stage of this intracellular pathogen. for further analy ...201628003338
non-caseating granulomatous infective spondylitis: melioidotic spondylitis.retrospective clinical analysis.201627994782
molecular tracking investigation of melioidosis cases reveals regional endemicity in hainan, china.sporadic cases of melioidosis have been reported in hainan, china for decades; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no accurate source-identification investigations confirming that melioidosis is endemic. four indigenous melioidosis cases were identified, which prompted the performance of contact microbiologic and molecular techniques to evaluate endemicity. environmental samples were collected from various locations surrounding each patient's residence. the samples were screened for ...201628105344
burkholderia pseudomallei: challenges for the clinical microbiology laboratory.melioidosis is a potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei clinical diagnosis of melioidosis can be challenging since there is no pathognomonic clinical syndrome, and the organism is often misidentified by methods used routinely in clinical laboratories. although the disease is more prevalent in thailand and northern australia, sporadic cases may be encountered in areas where it is not endemic, including the united states. since the organism is considered a ti ...201627654336
involvement of l-selectin expression in burkholderia pseudomallei-infected monocytes invading the brain during murine melioidosis.the development of neurologic melioidosis was linked to the elicitation of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected l-selectin(hi)cd11b(+) balb/c cells in our previous study. however, whether monocytic l-selectin (cd62l, encoded by the sell gene) is a key factor remains uncertain. in the present study, after establishing multi-organ foci via hematogenous routes, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei gfp steadily persisted in blood, splenic, hepatic and bone marrow (bm) ly6c monocytes; however, the circ ...201627646437
a comparison of the immunological potency of burkholderia lipopolysaccharides in endotoxemic balb/c mice.lipopolysaccharide is one of the virulence factors of the soil-borne pathogens burkholderia pseudomallei, b. thailandensis, b. cenocepacia and b. multivorans, which cause septic melioidosis (often in b. pseudomallei infections but rarely in b. thailandensis infections) or cepacia syndromes (commonly in b. cenocepacia infections but rarely in b. multivorans infections). the inflammatory responses in burkholderia lps-induced endotoxemia were evaluated in this study. prior to induction, the conserv ...201627862204
pediatric suppurative parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei.suppurative parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei has been rarely found outside endemic areas.201627843446
chronic melioidosis presenting with multiple abscesses.melioidosis is common in australia and southeast asia and is increasingly recognized in india. it presents in various forms which are difficult to identify and often mimics suppurative infections, tuberculosis, fungal infections, malignancy and systemic rheumatic diseases. presentation may vary from local disease to disseminated abscesses, pneumonia and sepsis. disease is common and severe in diabetics. we describe a case of diabetic man presenting with fever, septic shock, peri-articular nodule ...201627822380
antimicrobial activity of tachyplesin 1 against burkholderia pseudomallei: an in vitro and in silico approach.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many conventional antibiotics. therefore, alternative antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (amps) are extensively studied to combat this issue. our study aims to identify and understand the mode of action of the potential amp(s) that are effective against b. pseudomallei in both planktonic and biofilm state as well as to predict the possible binding targets on using in vitro and in silico ...201627812400
a burkholderia pseudomallei infection imported from eritrea to israel.although it has been predicted that melioidosis is probably endemic in the horn of africa, no confirmed cases have ever been detected in the region. we have recently isolated burkholderia pseudomallei from an eritrean patient in israel. the isolate was assigned a novel multilocus sequence type (st-1479). the observation has important epidemiological implications in an era of massive human migration.201627573625
septicemic melioidosis in a transplant recipient causing graft dysfunction.melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in the northern australia and south-east asia. it is an emerging disease in the indian subcontinent. melioidosis tends to run a potentially lethal course in immunocompromised individuals and data in renal transplantation are scarce. the clinical presentation of melioidosis is diverse, mimicking several other infectious diseases. diagnosis could be delayed in transplant recipients. choice and duration of antimicrob ...201627795637
immune modulation as an effective adjunct post-exposure therapeutic for b. pseudomallei.melioidosis is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and is potentially fatal. despite a growing global burden and high fatality rate, little is known about the disease. recent studies demonstrate that cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inhibition is an effective post-exposure therapeutic for pulmonary melioidosis, which works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin e2 (pge2). this treatment, while effective, was conducted using an experimental cox-2 inhibitor t ...201627792775
cutaneous melioidosis.melioidosis is an emerging infection in india. it usually presents as pneumonia. melioidosis presenting as cutaneous lesions is uncommon. we present a case of cutaneous melioidosis from southern india. cutaneous melioidosis can present as an ulcer, pustule or as crusted erythematous lesions. a 22-year-old gentleman known case of diabetes mellitus was admitted in our hospital with an ulcer over the left thigh. discharge from the ulcer grew burkholderia pseudomallei. he was successfully treated wi ...201627790560
comparison of five commercial nucleic acid extraction kits for the pcr-based detection of burkholderia pseudomallei dna in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.the extraction and further processing of nucleic acids (na) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissues for microbiological diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approaches is challenging. here, we assessed the effects of five different commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits on the results of real-time pcr. ffpe samples from organs of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected swiss mice were subjected to processing with five different extraction kits from qiagen (ffpe dna tis ...201627766174
soil nutrient depletion is associated with the presence of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil-dwelling bacterium and the cause of melioidosis, which kills an estimated 89,000 people per year worldwide. agricultural workers are at high risk of infection due to repeated exposure to the bacterium. little is known about the soil physicochemical properties associated with the presence or absence of the organism. here, we evaluated the soil physicochemical properties and presence of b. pseudomallei in 6,100 soil samples collected from 61 rice fields in thail ...201627694236
nematode peptides with host-directed anti-inflammatory activity rescue caenorhabditis elegans from a burkholderia pseudomallei infection.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is among a growing number of bacterial pathogens that are increasingly antibiotic resistant. antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been investigated as an alternative approach to treat microbial infections, as generally, there is a lower likelihood that a pathogen will develop resistance to amps. in this study, 36 candidate caenorhabditis elegans genes that encode secreted peptides of <150 amino acids and previously shown to be overexpr ...201627672387
analyses of the distribution patterns of burkholderia pseudomallei and associated phages in soil samples in thailand suggest that phage presence reduces the frequency of bacterial isolation.burkholderia pseudomallei is a soil saprophytic bacterium that causes melioidosis. the infection occurs through cutaneous inoculation, inhalation or ingestion. bacteriophages (phages) in the same ecosystem may significantly impact the biology of this bacterium in the environment, and in their culturability in the laboratory.201627668750
formulation and characterization of nanocluster ceftazidime for the treatment of acute pulmonary melioidosis.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is responsible for a high proportion of human pneumonia and fatal bacteremia in the endemic areas of the world and is highly resistant to most commonly available antibiotics. studies have shown that prophylactic antibiotic treatment, when administered 24 h following bacterial challenge, can prevent infection in a murine model. prophylactic treatment against this disease using a pulmonary antibiotic formulation ...201627639659
goodpasture disease as a consequence of melioidosis.we describe a case of anti-glomerular basement membrane (gbm) antibody-mediated disease in association with concomitant burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) bacteraemia. the temporal profile of the illness and initial absence of circulating anti-gbm antibodies, in light of the subsequent definitive histological diagnosis of anti-gbm disease, makes this case interesting and unusual. additionally, there have been no prior case reports suggesting melioidosis as a cause of biopsy-proven glomerulo ...201627981771
melioidosis parotitis in children.a recent paper published in jvatitd reporting a child in hainan with parotitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei misleadingly described parotitis as a rare manifestation of melioidosis. in fact, it is one of the commonest forms of paediatric melioidosis seen in other parts of southeast asia, although interestingly not in australia.201627980534
two-phase bactericidal mechanism of silver nanoparticles against burkholderia pseudomallei.silver nanoparticles (agnps) have a strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. the killing mechanism of agnps involves direct physical membrane destruction and subsequent molecular damage from both agnps and released ag+. burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an endemic infectious disease primarily found in northern australia and southeast asia. b. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to most common antibiotics. in this study, the antimi ...201627977746
utility of a lateral flow immunoassay (lfi) to detect burkholderia pseudomallei in soil samples.culture is the gold standard for the detection of environmental b. pseudomallei. in general, soil specimens are cultured in enrichment broth for 2 days, and then the culture broth is streaked on an agar plate and incubated further for 7 days. however, identifying b. pseudomallei on the agar plates among other soil microbes requires expertise and experience. here, we evaluate a lateral flow immunoassay (lfi) developed to detect b. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide (cps) in clinical samples as ...201627973567
in vivo distribution and clearance of purified capsular polysaccharide from burkholderia pseudomallei in a murine model.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infection prominent in northern australia and southeast asia. the "gold standard" for melioidosis diagnosis is bacterial isolation, which takes several days to complete. the resulting delay in diagnosis leads to delayed treatments, which could result in death. in an attempt to develop better methods for early diagnosis of melioidosis, b. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide (cps) was identified as an important diagnostic b ...201627941991
melioidosis in a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis.melioidosis is a serious infection caused by soil-dwelling gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei. it is most commonly reported in northern australia, southeast and southern asia, china, and taiwan.201627488340
eukaryotic pathways targeted by the type iii secretion system effector protein, bipc, involved in the intracellular lifecycle of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent for melioidosis, is known to secrete a type iii secretion system (ttss) protein into the host's internal milieu. one of the ttss effector protein, bipc, has been shown to play an important role in the b. pseudomallei pathogenesis. to identify the host response profile that was directly or indirectly regulated by this protein, genome-wide transcriptome approach was used to examine the gene expression profiles of infected mice. the transcriptome ana ...201627634329
identification of candidate host cell factors required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei.intracellular actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei requires the bacterial factor bima. located at one pole of the bacterium, bima recruits and polymerizes cellular actin to promote bacterial motility within and between cells. here, we describe an affinity approach coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins recruited to bima-expressing bacteria under conditions that promote actin polymerization. we identified a group of cellular proteins tha ...201627934296
characterization of secreted sphingosine-1-phosphate lyases required for virulence and intracellular survival of burkholderia pseudomallei.sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, plays a critical role in the orchestration of immune responses. s1p levels within the mammalian host are tightly regulated, in part through the activity of s1p lyase (s1pl) which catalyses its irreversible degradation. herein, we describe the identification and characterization of secreted s1pl orthologues encoded by the facultative intracellular bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. these bacterial ...201627632710
a case on acute burkholderia pseudomallei pericarditis. 201627625102
flexible vs rigid epitope conformations for diagnostic- and vaccine-oriented applications: novel insights from the burkholderia pseudomallei bpsl2765 pal3 epitope.peptides seldom retain stable conformations if separated from their native protein structure. in an immunological context, this potentially affects the development of selective peptide-based bioprobes and, from a vaccine perspective, poses inherent limits in the elicitation of cross-reactive antibodies by candidate epitopes. here, a 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole-mediated stapling strategy was used to stabilize the native α-helical fold of the pal3 peptidic epitope from the protein antigen pal ...201627623032
development, synthesis and structure-activity-relationships of inhibitors of the macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) proteins of legionella pneumophila and burkholderia pseudomallei.the bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei and legionella pneumophila cause severe diseases like melioidosis and legionnaire's disease with high mortality rates despite antibiotic treatment. due to increasing antibiotic resistances against these and other gram-negative bacteria, alternative therapeutical strategies are in urgent demand. as a virulence factor, the macrophage infectivity potentiator (mip) protein constitutes an attractive target. the mip proteins of b. pseudomallei and l. pneumophila ...201627591009
predicted global distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis.burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes melioidosis, is commonly found in soil in southeast asia and northern australia(1,2). melioidosis can be difficult to diagnose due to its diverse clinical manifestations and the inadequacy of conventional bacterial identification methods(3). the bacterium is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials, and treatment with ineffective antimicrobials may result in case fatality rates (cfrs) exceeding 70%(4,5). the im ...201627571754
differential production of type i ifn determines the reciprocal levels of il-10 and proinflammatory cytokines produced by c57bl/6 and balb/c macrophages.pattern recognition receptors detect microbial products and induce cytokines, which shape the immunological response. il-12, tnf-α, and il-1β are proinflammatory cytokines, which are essential for resistance against infection, but when produced at high levels they may contribute to immunopathology. in contrast, il-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine, which dampens proinflammatory responses, but it can also lead to defective pathogen clearance. the regulation of these cytokines is therefore centr ...201627549173
melioidosis in travelers returning from vietnam to france. 201627532771
burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm promotes adhesion, internalization and stimulates proinflammatory cytokines in human epithelial a549 cells.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. inhalational exposure leading to pulmonary melioidosis is the most common clinical manifestation with significant mortality. however, the role of b. pseudomallei biofilm phenotype during bacterial-host interaction remains unclear. we hypothesize that biofilm phenotype may play a role in such interactions. in this study, b. pseudomallei h777 (biofilm wild type), b. pseudomallei m10 (biofilm mutant) and b. pseudomallei ...201627529172
trojan horse l-selectin monocytes: a portal of burkholderia pseudomallei entry into the brain. 201627763813
melioidosis: a greater threat than previously suspected?research released in 2016 shows that the global burden of burkholderia pseudomallei infection is probably much higher than previously suspected. better testing and reporting are needed if we are to detect outbreaks and diminish deadly delays in treatment. worldwide, researchers need support for vaccine development, particularly for public health vaccines to protect people and animals in endemic areas. because melioidosis can infect so many species, collaboration and communication between human a ...201627436814
therapeutic administration of a monoclonal anti-il-1β antibody protects against experimental melioidosis.melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common cause of community-acquired sepsis in southeast asia and northern australia. the nlrp3 inflammasome and its downstream product interleukin-1 beta (il-1β) have been proposed to play crucial roles in melioidosis. in this study, we characterized the role of il-1β more closely and we assessed its therapeutic potential.201627219859
genome sequence of the historical clinical isolate burkholderia pseudomallei phls 6.here, we present the draft genome sequence of burkholderia pseudomallei phls 6, a virulent clinical strain isolated from a melioidosis patient in bangladesh in 1960. the draft genome consists of 39 contigs and is 7,322,181 bp long.201627365360
burkholderia pseudomallei rpos mediates inos suppression in human hepatocyte (hc04) cells.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a widespread disease in southeast asia. reactive nitrogen, in an intermediate form of nitric oxide (no), is one of the first lines of defense used by host cells to eliminate intracellular pathogens, through the stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). studies in phagocytotic cells have shown that the inos response is muted in b. pseudomallei infection, and implicat ...201627324398
heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide promote burkholderia pseudomallei infection.the environmental bacterium and potential biothreat agent burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, an often fatal infectious disease. increased serum bilirubin has been shown to be a negative predictive factor in melioidosis patients. we therefore investigated the role of heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1), which catalyzes the degradation of heme into the bilirubin precursor biliverdin, ferrous iron, and co during b. pseudomallei infection. we found that infection of murine macrophages induces ho-1 ex ...201627316684
detection of burkholderia pseudomallei toxin-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis using a caenorhabditis elegans ugt-29 biosensor.toxins are believed to play a crucial role in burkholderia pseudomallei pathogenicity, however to date, only a few have been identified. the discovery of additional toxic molecules is limited by the lack of a sensitive indicator of b. pseudomallei toxicity. previously, from a whole genome transcriptome analysis of b. pseudomallei-infected caenorhabditis elegans, we noted significant overexpression of a number of worm genes encoding detoxification enzymes, indicating the host's attempt to clear b ...201627273550
possible misidentification of species in the pseudomonas fluorescens lineage as burkholderia pseudomallei and francisella tularensis, and emended descriptions of pseudomonas brenneri,pseudomonas gessardii and pseudomonas proteolytica.bacteria were isolated from an industrial water circuit in the netherlands. these strains were identified using api 20 ne as possible, or likely, burkholderia pseudomallei. with vitek 2 some of these strains scored 'low discrimination' for francisella tularensis, amongst others. a total of twenty-six strains were assigned to the species pseudomonas brenneri, pseudomonas gessardii or pseudomonas proteolytica. because of the possibility of misidentification of these environmental species as medica ...201627259517
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (trem)-2 impairs host defense in experimental melioidosis.triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (trem) -1 and trem-2 are key regulators of the inflammatory response that are involved in the clearance of invading pathogens. melioidosis, caused by the "tier 1" biothreat agent burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common form of community-acquired sepsis in southeast-asia. trem-1 has been suggested as a biomarker for sepsis and melioidosis. we aimed to characterize the expression and function of trem-1 and trem-2 in melioidosis.201627253382
an imported case of acute melioidosis caused by st881 burkholderia pseudomallei.a previously healthy chinese male working in malaysia returned to china with high fever. a blood culture showed burkholderia pseudomallei strain wcbp1. this isolate was sequenced, showing type, st881, which appears to be present in malaysia. wcp1 had unusual susceptibility to aminoglycosides and habored the yersinia-like fimbrial gene cluster for virulence. the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly but he recovered after receiving meropenem and intensive care support. melioidosis is a potenti ...201627244959
polyphosphate kinase mediates antibiotic tolerance in extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli pcn033.extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) causes a variety of acute infections in its hosts, and multidrug-resistant strains present significant challenges to public health and animal husbandry. therefore, it is necessary to explore new drug targets to control e. coli epidemics. previous studies have reported that ppk mutants of burkholderia pseudomallei and mycobacterium tuberculosis are more susceptible than the wild types (wts) to stress. therefore, we investigated the stress respon ...201627242742
a case of systemic melioidosis: unravelling the etiology of chronic unexplained fever with multiple presentations.melioidosis, caused by the environmental saprophyte, burkholderia pseudomallei, is an important public health problem in southeast asia and northern australia. it is being increasingly reported from other parts, including india, china, and north and south america expanding the endemic zone of the disease. we report a case of systemic melioidosis in a 58-year-old diabetic, occupationally-unexposed male patient, who presented with chronic fever, sepsis, pneumonia, pleural effusion and subcutaneous ...201627238172
structural insights into an oxalate-producing serine hydrolase with an unusual oxyanion hole and additional lyase activity.in burkholderia species, the production of oxalate, an acidic molecule, is a key event for bacterial growth in the stationary phase. oxalate plays a central role in maintaining environmental ph, which counteracts inevitable population-collapsing alkaline toxicity in amino acid-based culture medium. in the phytopathogen burkholderia glumae, two enzymes are responsible for oxalate production. first, the enzyme oxalate biosynthetic component a (obca) catalyzes the formation of a tetrahedral c6-coa ...201627226606
isotype switching: mouse igg3 constant region drives increased affinity for polysaccharide antigens. 201627224549
thiolactomycin-based inhibitors of bacterial β-ketoacyl-acp synthases with in vivo activity.β-ketoacyl-acp synthases (kas) are key enzymes involved in the type ii bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis (fasii) pathway and are putative targets for antibacterial discovery. several natural product kas inhibitors have previously been reported, including thiolactomycin (tlm), which is produced by nocardia spp. here we describe the synthesis and characterization of optically pure 5r-thiolactomycin (tlm) analogues that show improved whole cell activity against bacterial strains including methicill ...201627187871
burkholderia pseudomallei: first case of melioidosis in portugal.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacillus and the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infection associated with high mortality rate in humans. it can be naturally found as an environmental saprophyte in soil or stagnant water, and rice paddies that predominate in regions of endemicity such as northeast thailand. b. pseudomallei is a biosafety level 3 organism due to risks of aerosolization and severe disease and is now included in formal emergency preparedness plans and guideli ...201626962474
musculoskeletal melioidosis: an under-diagnosed entity in developing countries.melioidosis is a saprophytic infectious disease caused by gram-negative soil-dwelling bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei.201626955222
the association of melioidosis with climatic factors in darwin, australia: a 23-year time-series analysis.melioidosis is an often fatal disease in humans and animals and endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. it is caused by the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. we analysed weather and climate factors preceding new melioidosis cases in darwin and compared the time between weather event and admission to hospital for severe and average wet season rainfall.201626945846
the melioidosis agent burkholderia pseudomallei and related opportunistic pathogens detected in faecal matter of wildlife and livestock in northern australia.the darwin region in northern australia has experienced rapid population growth in recent years, and with it, an increased incidence of melioidosis. previous studies in darwin have associated the environmental presence of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, with anthropogenic land usage and proximity to animals. in our study, we estimated the occurrence of b. pseudomallei and burkholderia spp. relatives in faecal matter of wildlife, livestock and domestic animals in th ...201626935879
what clinical factors are associated with mortality in septicemic melioidosis? a report from an endemic area.melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, has high mortality, particularly in its septicemic form. data on the factors associated with mortality from melioidosis are still limited.201627131004
development of rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an environmental bacillus found in northeast thailand. the mortality rate of melioidosis is ∼40%. an indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) is used as a reference serodiagnostic test; however, it has low specificity in areas where the background seropositivity of healthy people is high. to improve assay specificity and reduce the time for diagnosis, four rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed using two pur ...201626912754
paediatric neurological melioidosis: a rehabilitation case report.melioidosis is a rare condition, endemic to northern australia and south-east asia, caused by an infection from the bacteria <i>burkholderia pseudomallei</i>. the largest epidemiological review to date describes 540 cases of melioidosis seen at darwin hospital, in northern australia, over a 20-year period. of these, 14 (less than 3%) presented with neurological manifestation, with three deaths. reports of paediatric cases of melioidosis are rarer. in a review of paediatric cases in northern aust ...201626897103
contribution of murine igg fc regions to antibody binding to the capsule of burkholderia pseudomallei.immunoglobulin g3 (igg3) is the predominant igg subclass elicited in response to polysaccharide antigens in mice. this specific subclass has been shown to crosslink its fragment crystallizable (fc) regions following binding to multivalent polysaccharides. crosslinking leads to increased affinity through avidity, which theoretically should lead to more effective protection against bacteria and yeast displaying capsular polysaccharides on their surface. to investigate this further we have analyzed ...201627096636
evaluation of the bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for identification of clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is not represented in the current version of bruker biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) system. a total of 66 isolates of b. pseudomallei, including 30 clinical isolates collected from national taiwan university hospital (ntuh, n = 27) and peking union medical college hospital (pumch, n = 3), and 36 isolates of genetically confirmed strains, including 13 from clinical samples and 23 from environmental samp ...201627092108
functional diversity of cytotoxic trnase/immunity protein complexes from burkholderia pseudomallei.contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) is a widespread mechanism of inter-bacterial competition. cdi(+) bacteria deploy large cdia effector proteins, which carry variable c-terminal toxin domains (cdia-ct). cdi(+) cells also produce cdii immunity proteins that specifically neutralize cognate cdia-ct toxins to prevent auto-inhibition. here, we present the crystal structure of the cdia-ct/cdii(e479) toxin/immunity protein complex from burkholderia pseudomallei isolate e479. the cdia-ct(e479) tr ...201627445337
cutaneous melioidosis cluster caused by contaminated wound irrigation fluid. 201627438887
multilocus sequence typing of clinical isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei collected in hainan, a tropical island of southern china.burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes melioidosis. in this study, we examined the sequence types (sts) of 60 clinical isolates from patients with melioidosis in hainan, a tropical island in southern china. the 60 clinical isolates were resolved into 30 sts. among the sts, st562 was also reported in australia, and st90 was also reported in the united states, probably from a traveler who had previously visited asia. in addition, six novel sts were found in this study, ...201627430537
rapid and sensitive multiplex detection of burkholderia pseudomallei-specific antibodies in melioidosis patients based on a protein microarray approach.the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis with a high case-fatality rate in tropical and subtropical regions. direct pathogen detection can be difficult, and therefore an indirect serological test which might aid early diagnosis is desirable. however, current tests for antibodies against b. pseudomallei, including the reference indirect haemagglutination assay (iha), lack sensitivity, specificity and standardization. consequently, serological ...201627427979
improved multilocus sequence typing of burkholderia pseudomallei and closely related species.the burkholderiapseudomallei multilocus sequence typing (mlst) database (http://pubmlst.org/bpseudomallei/) contains the largest global sequence repository for b. pseudomallei and its closest genetic relatives. using conventional mlst and in silico mlst data derived from publicly available whole-genome sequences, we first defined the phylogenetic relatedness of b. pseudomallei and its nearest neighbours. based on this analysis, we propose that the recently described b. pseudomallei complex (bpc) ...201627412128
experimental phage therapy for burkholderia pseudomallei infection.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular gram-negative bacterial pathogen intrinsically resistant to a variety of antibiotics. phages have been developed for use as an alternative treatment therapy, particularly for bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics. in this study, we investigated the use of phages to treat cells infected with b. pseudomallei. phage c34 isolated from seawater was purified and characterised on the basis of its host range and morphology usin ...201627387381
burkholderia pseudomallei rapidly infects the brain stem and spinal cord via the trigeminal nerve after intranasal inoculation.infection with burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in australia and 40% in southeast asia). neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern australian patients and involves brain stem infection, which can progress to the spinal cord; however, the route by which the bacteria invade the central nervous system (cns) is unknown. we have previously demonstrated that b. pseudomallei can infect the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within ...201627382023
brainstem micro-abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in a 10-month-old infant: a case report.melioidosis is an uncommon tropical infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. neurological complications of melioidosis are extremely uncommon in infants. a 10-month-old girl is described who presented with disseminated melioidosis with subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, hepatomegaly and a lung cavity, and developed a left medial rectus palsy. cranial mri demonstrated mid-brain, pontine and basal ganglia micro-abscesses. therapy with meropenem and cotrimoxazole led to resolution of t ...201627376438
burkholderia pseudomallei differentially regulates host innate immune response genes for intracellular survival in lung epithelial cells.burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis poses a serious threat to humankind. b. pseudomallei secretes numerous virulence proteins that alter host cell functions to escape from intracellular immune sensors. however, the events underlying disease pathogenesis are poorly understood.201627367858
burkholderia pseudomallei capsule exacerbates respiratory melioidosis but does not afford protection against antimicrobial signaling or bacterial killing in human olfactory ensheathing cells.melioidosis, caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is an often severe infection that regularly involves respiratory disease following inhalation exposure. intranasal (i.n.) inoculation of mice represents an experimental approach used to study the contributions of bacterial capsular polysaccharide i (cps i) to virulence during acute disease. we used aerosol delivery of b. pseudomallei to establish respiratory infection in mice and studied cps i in the context of innate immune respons ...201627091931
retrospective study on fatal melioidosis in captive zoo animals in thailand.melioidosis is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and is an important zoonotic infectious disease causing high mortality from fulminant septicaemia in humans and a wide variety of animal species. the incidence of fatal melioidosis in zoo animals has been significant in many thai zoos. a total number of 32 cases were evaluated throughout the thai zoo animal populations. the highest prevalence of disease has been reported from the north-eastern region followed by the zoos in the southern part of ...201625583276
burkholderia pseudomallei induces il-23 production in primary human monocytes.burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, is a causative agent of melioidosis. the bacterium has been shown to induce the innate immune response, particularly pro-inflammatory cytokine production in several of both mouse and human cell types. in the present study, we investigate host immune response in b. pseudomallei-infected primary human monocytes. we discover that wild-type b. pseudomallei is able to survive and multiply inside the primary human monocytes. in contra ...201626563410
melioidosis in new caledonia: a dominant strain in a transmission hotspot.melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterium endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. in new caledonia, sporadic cases were first described in 2005; since then, more cases have been identified. to improve our understanding of melioidosis epidemiology in new caledonia, we compared the local cases and b. pseudomallei isolates with those from endemic areas. nineteen melioidosis cases have been diagnosed in new caledonia since 1999, mostly severe and ...201626542622
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