Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparison of conventional viral cultures with direct fluorescent antibody stains for diagnosis of community-acquired respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children. | because of the widespread availability of rapid viral antigen testing, many institutions never adopted a routine practice of ordering viral cultures to detect community-acquired respiratory viruses (crvs). the ease of performing complete viral studies in our on site laboratory allowed us to assess the clinical implications of the absence of conventional culture results in previously healthy hospitalized children with crv infections. | 2003 | 14506369 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may-september 2003. | during may-september 2003, influenza a(h3n2) viruses circulated worldwide and were associated with mild to moderate levels of disease activity. influenza a(h1) and b viruses were reported less frequently. in north america, isolates of influenza a(h3n2), a(h1), and b were identified sporadically. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide during may-september 2003. influenza activity in north america typically peaks during december-march, which underscores the ne ... | 2003 | 14508440 |
| emergence of amantadine-resistant influenza a viruses: epidemiological study. | at present, three licensed antiviral influenza agents are available in japan: amantadine, zanamivir, and oseltamivir. these antiviral agents can be used for controlling and preventing influenza, but they are not a substitute for vaccination. amantadine is an antiviral drug with activity against influenza a viruses, but not influenza b viruses. persons who have influenza a infection and who are treated with amantadine can shed sensitive viruses early in the course of treatment and later shed drug ... | 2003 | 14513385 |
| influenza. introduction. | 2003 | 14515908 | |
| viral characteristics of influenza. | 2003 | 14515914 | |
| are the 2-isomers of the drug rimantadine active anti-influenza a agents? | there is a lack of information in the medical chemistry literature concerning the anti-influenza a activity of the drug rimantadine's 2-isomer (2-rimantadine). we now present results showing that, although 2-adamantanamine (2-amantadine) 3 is only moderately active, some 2-rimantadine analogues are effective anti-influenza a virus agents in vitro. the 2-rimantadine analogues and their spirocyclobutane and spirocyclopentane congeners were synthesized through interesting routes. the 2-rimantadine ... | 2003 | 14521332 |
| management of influenza symptoms in healthy adults. | to determine the cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic testing and empiric antiviral therapy for healthy adults with symptoms of influenza. | 2003 | 14521643 |
| influenza virus and cns manifestations. | neurological involvement during influenza infection has been described during epidemics and is often consistent with serious sequelae or death. an increasing incidence of influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy has been reported in japan, mainly in children. a variety of other clinical cns manifestations, such as reye's syndrome, acute necrotising encephalopathy (ane), and myelitis as well as autoimmune conditions, such as guillain-barre's syndrome, may occur during the course of influe ... | 2003 | 14522059 |
| neuraminidase inhibitors slightly beneficial for shortening flu symptoms. | 2003 | 14529590 | |
| incidence of influenza in finnish children. | influenza is an important cause of respiratory illness in children, but data on virologically confirmed influenza infections in children treated as outpatients are limited. | 2003 | 14551475 |
| burden of influenza in children: preliminary data from a pilot survey network on community diseases. | the burden of influenza and its clinical presentation are both poorly documented in french children. | 2003 | 14551477 |
| influenza b virus ns2, a nuclear export protein, directly associates with the viral ribonucleoprotein complex. | in influenza a virus and influenza b virus, the ns2 protein (nuclear export protein) has been proposed to mediate the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral ribonucleoprotein (vrnp) by forming ns2-vrnp complexes. while the binding interactions of ns2 in these complexes have been well characterized for influenza a virus, much less is known about influenza b virus ns2 (b/ns2). in this report, we developed a specific antiserum against b/ns2 protein and demonstrated that b/ns2 was synthesized late i ... | 2003 | 14551812 |
| characterization of hela cells persistently infected with influenza virus b/lee/40 with respect to telomerase activity and apoptosis. | the purpose of this study was to examine telomerase activity and apoptotic changes in hela cells persistently infected with influenza viruses b/lee/40 (he/le cells). | 2003 | 14555852 |
| influenza b pneumonia with staphylococcus aureus superinfection associated with parvovirus b19 and concomitant agranulocytosis. | an 11-year-old patient with anamnestic fever for 3 days and signs of upper respiratory tract infection underwent fulminant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with concomitant agranulocytosis. from autopsia influenza b virus and parvovirus b19 were detected by nucleic acid amplification technique (nat). specific igg but no igm points to preexisting parvovirus b19 infection. whether in this case agranulocytosis can be interpreted as early manifestation of reactivated parvovirus b19 infection is under ... | 2003 | 14556063 |
| a case-control study of influenza vaccine effectiveness among malaysian pilgrims attending the haj in saudi arabia. | to determine influenza vaccine effectiveness against clinically defined influenza-like illness among malaysian pilgrims attending the haj in saudi arabia. | 2003 | 14563225 |
| [the 2002/2003 influenza season in the netherlands and the vaccine composition for the 2003/2004 season]. | as in the 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 seasons, the influenza epidemic in the 2002/2003 season started late (week 7 of 2003) and was only moderate in size. influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses were detected in equal numbers among patients of general practitioners and these two viruses were therefore equally responsible for the epidemic. however, h3n2 viruses dominated isolates taken from hospitals. in haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) assays most of the h3n2 viruses proved highly reactive with antiserum ... | 2003 | 14574782 |
| response to influenza vaccination in community and in nursing home residing elderly: relation to clinical factors. | intramuscular (im) influenza vaccines are about 50% effective in preventing respiratory illness among the elderly. the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with immune response to influenza vaccination among nursing home and community-residing elderly. 114 nursing home (nhe) and 62 community residing elderly (ce) were vaccinated with a commercial im vaccine. serum antibodies were evaluated by hia, and the impact of subjects' clinical characteristics on seroconversion was determin ... | 2003 | 14580873 |
| [risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in bogota, 2001]. | severity of acute respiratory infection is higher in developing countries, especially among the socioeconomically underprivileged. viral pneumonias are more common, especially among children. a prospective hospital-based case control study was undertaken in bogota between november 2000 and august 2001, aimed to identify factors related to severe low acute respiratory infection (slari). cases were limited to children aged between 2 months and 5 years who filled who criteria for slari. controls we ... | 2003 | 14582331 |
| [the use of bromelain in obtaining the subviral particles of influenza a and b viruses]. | subviral particles of modern strains of influenza a viruses, i.e. a/new caledonia/20/99 (h1n1), a/moscow/10/99 (h3n2), reassortant x-31 (subtype h3n2) and b/sichuan/379/99, were obtained by using two preparations of bromeline ("sigma co., catalogues' nos. b2252 and b5144). a selective ability of bromeline b5144 was detected to the proteolytic splitting of hemagglutinin of influenza a and b viruses. an influence of enzyme b5144 produced on influenza b viruses brought about an appearance of subvir ... | 2003 | 14598475 |
| reassortants in recent human influenza a and b isolates from south east asia and oceania. | from 2000 to 2002, human influenza a and b viruses that were genetic reassortants of contemporary circulating human strains, were isolated in south east asia and oceania. similar to reports from other regions, a(h1n2) isolates were found to be reassortants of circulating a(h3n2) viruses that had acquired only the haemagglutinin gene of an a(h1n1) virus. some of these reassortants from thailand and singapore predate those previously recorded during the winter of 2001-2002 in europe and the middle ... | 2003 | 14609628 |
| [influenza activity in japan, 2002/03 season]. | influenza epidemic in 2002/03 season in japan was second largest among recent 10 seasons. both influenza a(h3) and b viruses circulated widely this season. nationally, influenza a(h3) viruses predominated during the first half of the season, but after the week ending february 16, influenza b viruses were reported more frequently than influenza a viruses. influenza a(h3n2) isolates were reported to be similar to a/panama/2007/99, the h3n2 component of the 2002/03 influenza vaccine. antigenic char ... | 2003 | 14619424 |
| [classification and genome structure of influenza virus]. | influenza a and b viruses contain eight negative-strand rna segments, while influenza c virus contains seven, each of which encodes 1 or 2 proteins. the rna segments possess untranslated regions(utrs) at 3' and 5' ends. the utrs are composed of highly conserved terminal nucleotides and segment-specific nonconserved nucleotides located adjacent to the open reading frame of the viral rnas. they are responsible for transcription, translation, and replication of viral rna. we recently found that the ... | 2003 | 14619426 |
| [neuraminidase inhibitor, anti-influenzal agent--mechanism of action, and how to use clinically]. | neuraminidase inhibitor has changed the treatment of influenza dramatically. the drug is effective for both influenza a and b whereas amantadine, another anti-influenzal agent, inhibits influenza a virus infection but not b. neuraminidase inhibitor blocks the process of release of influenza virus from infected cells and inhibit the virus transmission to the neighboring cells. neuraminidase inhibitor improves the symptoms of influenza and shortens the duration of illness. it is emphasized that th ... | 2003 | 14619441 |
| active surveillance for respiratory virus infections in adults who have undergone bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. | community-acquired respiratory virus (rv) infections are an important cause of disease in immunocompromised adults with cancer. to investigate the viral etiology, incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of rv infections in an outpatient cohort of adult bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplant (sct) recipients, we monitored 62 outpatient volunteers from january 1 to april 30, 2001. a nasopharyngeal aspirate was collected from subjects when they reported new respiratory symptoms ... | 2003 | 14625580 |
| influenza in the world. 1 october 2002-30 september 2003. | 2003 | 14631597 | |
| phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses. | recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in rna viruses. however, observed recombination frequencies vary widely among those viruses studied to date, with only sporadic occurrences reported in rna viruses with negative-sense genomes. to determine the extent of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses, phylogenetic analyses of 79 gene sequence alignments from 35 negative-sense rna viruses (a total of 2154 sequences) were carried out. powe ... | 2003 | 13679603 |
| influenza. | 2003 | 15555125 | |
| surveillance for neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in human influenza viruses from australia. | two hundred and forty-five human influenza a and b viruses isolated in australia between 1996 and 2003 were tested for their sensitivity to the na inhibitor drugs, zanamivir and oseltamivir using a fluorescence-based neuraminidase inhibition assay. based on mean ic50 values, influenza a viruses (with neuraminidase subtypes n1 and n2) were more sensitive to both the na inhibitors than were influenza b strains. influenza a viruses with a n1 subtype and influenza b strains both demonstrated a great ... | 2003 | 15508516 |
| [conjugates of pancreatic ribonuclease and ligand-free human serum albumin]. | conjugates of pancreatic rnase and ligand-free human serum albumin (lfhsa) have been obtained. the number of hydrophobic binding sites both for initial hsa and lfhsa has been determined by the polarised luminescence method. interaction between rnase and hsa involves additional electrovalent linkage. unlike initial enzyme, conjugates exhibit activity toward double-strand rna. after intravenous injection, transferase activity of unmodified enzyme remains in the blood during 20 min., whereas 30-40% ... | 2003 | 16119087 |
| [influenza epidemiologic and virologic surveillance in antananarivo from 1995 to 2002]. | the "institut pasteur de madagascar" virology laboratory is the national who centre for influenza surveillance in madagascar. on this surveillance collaborate the ministry of health with 9 sentinel centres. in the present article, the authors relate the results of influenza surveillance in antananarivo between 1995 and 2002. among 6341 patients with nasal and/or pharyngeal swabs, influenza virus were isolated from 427 patients (6.7%): 307 (68.4%) influenza virus a (h3n2), 124 (27.1%) influenza v ... | 2003 | 15678811 |
| simultaneous detection of influenza a, b, and c viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested-pcr assay. | the clinical presentation of infections caused by the heterogeneous group of the respiratory viruses can be very similar. thus, the implementation of virological assays that rapidly identify the most important viruses involved is of great interest. a new multiplex reverse transcription nested-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay that is able to detect and type different respiratory viruses simultaneously is described. primer sets were targeted to conserved regions of nucleoprotein genes of t ... | 2003 | 12436489 |
| early administration of oral oseltamivir increases the benefits of influenza treatment. | our objective was to evaluate the benefit of early treatment of influenza illness using oral oseltamivir. this open-label, multicentre international study investigated the relationship between the interval from illness onset to first dose (time-to-treatment) and illness duration in the intent-to-treat infected population using accelerated failure time (aft) modelling. a total of 1426 patients (12-70 years) presenting within 48 h of the onset of influenza symptoms were treated with oseltamivir 75 ... | 2003 | 12493796 |
| local and systemic immune response in nursing-home elderly following intranasal or intramuscular immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. | intramuscular (im) influenza vaccines are only 30-40% effective in preventing clinical illness among the elderly, and their effectiveness in eliciting mucosal response may be even lower. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunological effect of a novel inactivated intranasal (in) trivalent whole influenza virus vaccine among nursing-home elderly. twenty-one institutionalized elderly subjects were vaccinated in with an inactivated novel vaccine, twice, 21 days apart, and with no ad ... | 2003 | 12559796 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated influenza vaccine blended and filled at two manufacturing facilities. | this study was designed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent live-attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv-t) blended and filled at two different manufacturing facilities (medeva and aviron-pa). the vaccines contained approximately 10(7) tcid(50) (median tissue culture infectious dose) of each of the three recommended 1997-1998 influenza vaccine components, a/shenzhen/227/95 (h1n1) (a/bayern/7/95 (h1n1)-like strain), a/wuhan/359/95 (h3n2), and b/ann arbor/1/94 (b/beiji ... | 2003 | 12559802 |
| comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a split and a subunit-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in elderly subjects. | a randomised, open study was carried out among an elderly population in order to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated, split virion influenza vaccine (vaxigrip, aventis pasteur msd, lyon, france) with that of an mf59-adjuvanted, subunit vaccine (fluad, chiron vaccines, siena, italy). both vaccines contained the three strains: a/sydney/5/97 (h3n2), a/beijing/262/95 (h1n1) and b/beijing/184/93, recommended by the who for the 1998-1999 influenza season. a total of 2150 su ... | 2003 | 12559808 |
| an office-based approach to influenza: clinical diagnosis and laboratory testing. | vaccination is the primary measure for preventing morbidity and mortality from influenza. during the influenza season, family physicians must distinguish influenza from the common cold and other flu-like illnesses. signs and symptoms of influenza include abrupt onset of fever, severe myalgias, anorexia, sore throat, headache, cough, and malaise. clinical diagnosis can be difficult or nonspecific when patients have other symptoms (e.g., stuffy nose, sneezing, cough, sore throat) that can be cause ... | 2003 | 12537174 |
| influenza a and b virus infections in children. | to obtain data on the clinical manifestations of infection, the age distribution, and the underlying conditions of children with influenza severe enough to lead to hospital referral, we performed a retrospective study of children treated at turku university hospital (turku, finland) in 1980-1999. influenza a or b antigen was detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirates of 683 of the 15,420 children studied. the median age of children with influenza a was 2.0 years (n=544), and that of children with ... | 2003 | 12539071 |
| effect of yearly vaccinations with live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccines on antibody responses in children. | the cold-adapted, trivalent influenza vaccine (caiv-t) may become an option for annual vaccination. however, there is little information regarding the immune response to repeated immunization with caiv-t. | 2003 | 12544405 |
| effect of priming on subsequent response to inactivated influenza vaccine. | although shown to be a potent stimulator of serum antibody responses in animal models, the adjuvant immuno-stimulating complexes (iscoms) showed little adjuvant effect for inactivated influenza vaccines in a volunteer study. the result may be the non-comparability of the studies: animal studies were carried out chiefly in unprimed mice, while volunteers are mostly primed by previous infection and/or immunization. to test this, balb/c mice were infected with influenza viruses or immunized with in ... | 2003 | 12547606 |
| mutational pattern of influenza b viruses adapted to high growth replication in embryonated eggs. | improved replication of influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs (ce) permits increased vaccine production and availability. we investigated the growth properties of influenza b viruses in relation to specific mutations occurring after serial passage in ce. in serial passage experiments yielding high growth variants of b/victoria/504/2000, mutations predicted to alter amino acid (aa) composition occurred only near the receptor-binding pocket of the hemagglutinins (ha) and in no other genes. ... | 2004 | 15763145 |
| influenza surveillance in the islamic republic of iran from 1991 to 2001. | to better understand the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the national influenza centre of the islamic republic of iran. the seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from november to april. type a influenza was most common during the winters of 1991-92, 1997-98 and 2000-01 and type b influenza was most common during 1992-5 and 1996-97. both type a and ... | 2004 | 16212207 |
| [appropriate use of rapid diagnostic testing for influenza]. | to determine a more timely acquisition of accurate results for influenza patients, a rapid diagnostic testing for influenza were studied on 877 pediatric patients performed during the 2002-2003 flu season in our hospital. of these, 337 patients were finally diagnosed as influenza based on the test results and treated with antiviral agents, amantadine or oseltamivir. ten (29%) of the 34 patients whose tests were negative within 12 hours after onset became positive over 12 hours after onset. on th ... | 2004 | 15508719 |
| [evaluation of flow-through immunoassay for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses]. | we evaluated a flow-through immunoassay for rapid detection of influenza a and b viral antigens, rapidtesta flu ab (daiichi pure chemicals co., ltd., tokyo, japan), by using 507 specimens collected from patients with influenza-like symptoms during the 2002/2003 influenza season in japan. the specimens consisted of 239 nasal swabs and 268 nasal aspirates; 374 specimens were collected from pediatric patients (under 16 years of age) and 133 from adult patients. rapidtesta flu ab was compared with c ... | 2004 | 15508721 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may-october 2004. | may-october 2004, influenza a (h3n2) viruses circulated worldwide and were associated with mild-to-moderate levels of disease activity. influenza a (h1n1) and b viruses were reported less frequently. in north america, isolates of influenza a (h3n2), a (h1n1), and b were identified sporadically. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide during may-october 2004. influenza activity in north america typically peaks during december-march. | 2004 | 15514583 |
| no apoptotic deaths and different levels of inductions of inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages infected with influenza viruses. | influenza viruses are reported to infect mainly the respiratory tract epithelium of hosts. our studies in a pig model show that influenza a viruses infect alveolar macrophages that constitutively reside in the respiratory tract, without causing apoptosis. tumor necrosis factor alpha was the inflammatory cytokine most highly induced in these macrophages. in vivo, alveolar macrophages infected with human h3n2 influenza virus showed greater expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha than did alveola ... | 2004 | 15518807 |
| [the 2003/2004 influenza season in the netherlands with a limited epidemic of the virus variant a/fujian, and the vaccine composition for the 2004/2005 season]. | in contrast to the three previous influenza seasons, the influenza epidemic of the 2003/2004 season started early in week 49 of 2003. the epidemic was predominantly caused by influenza-a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. all isolated influenza-a viruses were antigenically related to influenza virus a/fujian/411/02, which was already detected in the influenza season 2002/2003 and that deviated from the vaccine-reference strain a/moscow/10/99 to a certain extent. the magnitude of the epidemic was limit ... | 2004 | 15524136 |
| serum antibody responses after intradermal vaccination against influenza. | if found to be safe and immunogenic, reduced doses of influenza vaccine given by the intradermal route could increase the number of available doses of vaccine. | 2004 | 15525713 |
| dose sparing with intradermal injection of influenza vaccine. | the loss of half the u.s. supply of influenza vaccine due to contamination has created a critical shortage. dose-sparing strategies that use intradermal delivery of vaccines may be one approach to consider. | 2004 | 15525714 |
| treatment of mannan-enhanced influenza b virus infections in mice with oseltamivir, ribavirin and viramidine. | mannan, a polysaccharide preparation from saccharomyces cerevisiae, has previously been shown to enhance influenza virus replication in mice by inhibiting host defense collectins. the use of mannan in infections may serve to broaden the types of influenza viruses that can be studied in rodent infection models. when mannan was co-administered with influenza b/sichuan/379/99 virus to mice, the animals died from the infection, whereas mice infected with only virus survived. three types of influenza ... | 2004 | 15535048 |
| multiple genotypes of influenza b virus circulated between 1979 and 2003. | the segmented genome of influenza b virus allows exchange of gene segments between cocirculating strains. through this process of reassortment, diversity is generated by the mixing of genes between viruses that differ in one or more gene segments. phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of all 11 genes of 31 influenza b viruses isolated from 1979 to 2003 were used to study the evolution of whole genomes. all 11 genes diverged into two new lineages prior to 1987. all genes except the ns1 gene were ... | 2004 | 15542634 |
| [etiological study on an outbreak of acute respiratory infection in children in beijing]. | an outbreak of acute respiratory infections in children occurred in beijing from november to december, 2002. to investigate the etiological agents of affected children who were in day care centers and primary schools. | 2004 | 15555388 |
| update on influenza, 2004-2005. | 2004 | 15559384 | |
| preparing for the flu season. | 2004 | 15559456 | |
| influenza vaccination with 1/10th the full dose. | 2004 | 15564552 | |
| in vitro generation and characterisation of an influenza b variant with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors. | a contemporary influenza type b virus was passaged in vitro in the presence of increasing concentrations of the neuraminidase inhibitors, zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate (0.1-1000 microm over nine passages). after the fifth passage in the presence of zanamivir (10 microm), the virus acquired a glu 119 asp neuraminidase mutation (influenza a n2 subtype numbering) in the enzyme active site. after a further three passages, in which growth occurred in 100 microm of zanamivir, a gln 218 lys mut ... | 2004 | 15451185 |
| influenza b virus bm2 protein is a crucial component for incorporation of viral ribonucleoprotein complex into virions during virus assembly. | influenza b virus contains four integral membrane proteins in its envelope. of these, bm2 has recently been found to have ion channel activity and is considered to be a functional counterpart to influenza a virus m2, but the role of bm2 in the life cycle of influenza b virus remains unclear. in an effort to explore its function, a number of bm2 mutant viruses were generated by using a reverse genetics technique. the bm2deltaatg mutant virus synthesized bm2 at markedly lower levels but exhibited ... | 2004 | 15452221 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2003. | surveillance of influenza in australia is based on laboratory isolation of influenza viruses, sentinel general-practitioner practices for influenza-like illness, and absenteeism data from a major national employer. in 2003, the peak in influenza activity was in august which was later than in 2002. in 2003, 3,604 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza were notified to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system, which was marginally lower than for the previous year. ninety-four per cent ... | 2004 | 15460951 |
| the influenza surveillance program in western australia, 2003. | in the winter of 2003 western australia experienced its largest epidemic of influenza for at least five years, with activity peaking in august and september. the season was short resulting in very high numbers of cases during the peak weeks. activity in country areas followed the peak of metropolitan activity. influenza a virus was detected in 28.3 per cent of the sentinel samples, and influenza b in less than one per cent. both routine and sentinel detections and the overall estimates of influe ... | 2004 | 15460952 |
| higher than normal seasonal influenza activity in victoria, 2003. | influenza surveillance in victoria comprises surveillance of patients with influenza-like illness (ili) from sentinel general practices and laboratory based reporting of influenza detections, predominantly from hospital inpatients. surveillance of patients with ili seen by the melbourne medical locum service (mmls) was conducted for the first time in 2003, when the influenza season was characterised by a late onset with higher than normal seasonal activity. influenza a (h3n2) was the predominant ... | 2004 | 15460953 |
| mapping of genomic segments of influenza b virus strains by an oligonucleotide microarray method. | similar to other segmented rna viruses, influenza viruses can exchange genome segments and form a wide variety of reassortant strains upon coreplication within a host cell. therefore, the mapping of genome segments of influenza viruses is essential for understanding their phenotypes. in this work, we have developed an oligonucleotide microarray hybridization method for simultaneous genotyping of all genomic segments of two highly homologous strains of influenza b virus. a few strain-specific oli ... | 2004 | 15583314 |
| high permissivity of human hepg2 hepatoma cells for influenza viruses. | human hepg2 hepatoma cells are highly permissive for influenza virus type a and type b, even without the addition of trypsin, and they exhibit a marked cytopathic effect. this property greatly facilitates the primary isolation of influenza viruses. virus replication was significantly reduced by the plasmin(ogen)-specific inhibitor tranexamic acid, and this suggests a potential role played by the plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator complex at the surface of hepg2 cells. this might represent ... | 2004 | 15583326 |
| influenza vaccine with squalene adjuvant: new preparation. no better than available products. | (1) injectable influenza vaccines reduce morbidity and mortality in people over 65 years. (2) a new influenza vaccine, with an adjuvant (mf59c.1) based on squalene, is now marketed in france for people over 65, and especially those with chronic conditions at risk of influenza complications. (3) the clinical evaluation dossier contains data from about twenty immunogenicity studies in more than 4000 elderly subjects. according to a meta-analysis of these studies, there is no firm evidence that the ... | 2004 | 15599987 |
| influenza virus entry and infection require host cell n-linked glycoprotein. | a widely held view of influenza virus infection is that the viral receptor consists of cell surface carbohydrate sialic acid, which can be present as glycoprotein or glycolipid. here, we examined influenza virus entry and infection in lec1 cells, a mutant cho cell line deficient in terminal n-linked glycosylation caused by a mutation in the n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnt1) gene. we show that influenza virus cannot infect lec1 cells, despite having full capacity to undergo virus binding a ... | 2004 | 15601777 |
| safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasal, live attenuated influenza vaccine. | data supporting the use of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in children and adults is reviewed, and the development and characteristics of the vaccine are summarized. the vaccine is highly effective and well tolerated in children and adults from 5 to 49 years of age. correlates of immune protection include serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody and secretory immunoglobulin a. efficacy against antigenically well-matched epidemic influenza strains was high at 92%. in 1 year, despit ... | 2004 | 15606348 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2005 influenza season. | 2004 | 15571174 | |
| influenza b virus associated pneumonia: report of one case. | influenza a virus is a more common cause of pneumonia than influenza b virus. influenza virus pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is rare and has a high mortality rate. in addition to pneumonia, influenza occasionally causes neurologic, cardiac, renal, or muscular complications. hepatic involvement in influenza virus infection has been rarely reported. we reported the case of a 7-year-old girl who was initially treated for upper respiratory tract infection, but ... | 2004 | 15624374 |
| [comparison of three rapid diagnostic kits using immunochromatography for detection of influenza a virsuses]. | in 2004, 3 new rapid influenza diagnostic kits using immunochromatography that allow type differentiation became commercially available. they are the espline influenza a & b-n (fujirebio corp., japan: espline-n hereafter), quickvue rapid sp influ (quidel corp., usa: quickvue), and poctem influenza a/b (international reagents corp., japan: poctem). the authors performed a prospective study that compared the usefulness among the 3 kits in 151 children with suspected influenza, who were examined wi ... | 2004 | 15628525 |
| influenza a viruses of migrating wild aquatic birds in north america. | surveillance of north america's wild ducks and shorebirds for 26 and 16 years, respectively, revealed differences in the prevalence of orthomyxoviruses between these hosts. shorebirds had a high frequency of influenza a virus isolation during their northern migration, while wild ducks had high virus isolation frequencies during their southern migration. some subtypes of influenza occurred regularly in both hosts with a 2-year periodicity, whereas others rarely occurred. hemagglutinin subtypes h1 ... | 2004 | 15631061 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of split vaccines of influenza viruses]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of influenza split vaccine. | 2004 | 15640848 |
| antibody response to influenza vaccination in healthy adults. | the aim of this study was to assess antibody response in 184 healthy adults vaccinated with split influenza vaccine (begrivac, chiron behring). response to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase was assessed before vaccination and after 1 month by hemagglutination inhibition test and neuraminidase inhibition test. after vaccination, statistically significant increases of antibody titers, both for hemagglutinins and for neuraminidases, were observed. the post-vaccination proportion of persons with prote ... | 2004 | 15671759 |
| association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. | the reasons for the seasonality and annual changes in the impact of influenza epidemics remain poorly understood. we investigated the covariations between a major component of climate, namely the el niño southern oscillation (enso), and indicators of the impact of influenza, as measured by morbidity, excess mortality and viral subtypes collected in france during the period 1971-2002. we show that both the circulating subtype and the magnitude of enso are associated with the impact of influenza e ... | 2004 | 15648600 |
| [analysis of influenza antibodies in normal people in jiangsu province in 2003 ]. | 2004 | 15769348 | |
| influenza. | 2004 | 15865706 | |
| aggregate content influences the th1/th2 immune response to influenza vaccine: evidence from a mouse model. | during the 2000-2001 season, a newly identified oculo-respiratory syndrome (ors) was detected across canada as an adverse effect to one influenza vaccine. the implicated vaccine contained a higher than expected proportion of unsplit and aggregated influenza virions. clinical and epidemiologic features of ors were suggestive of type 2-like influences on the immune response. we hypothesized that the implicated vaccine from the 2000-2001 season would induce greater th2-like polarization relative to ... | 2004 | 14635022 |
| inhibition of rantes expression by indirubin in influenza virus-infected human bronchial epithelial cells. | the human bronchial epithelial cells are the primary sites of influenza virus infection. in this study, the effect of indirubin on the expression of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) by the influenza virus-infected h292 human epithelial cell line was examined. the expression of rantes mrna was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the concentration of rantes production was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorben ... | 2004 | 14667939 |
| influence of antigenic drift on the intensity of influenza outbreaks: upper respiratory tract infections of military conscripts in finland. | a total of 102,600 upper respiratory infections (uri) were recorded among young military conscripts in the finnish defence forces during the study period from october 1991 to march 1994. this period covered three outbreaks caused by h3n2-subtype influenza a virus and one outbreak of influenza b. during the 1991/92 outbreak caused by a/beijing/353/89-like virus, the calculated influenza a incidence was 2,206/10,000 men. during the 1992/93 outbreak when influenza b was the predominant virus, a new ... | 2004 | 14695670 |
| direct and total effectiveness of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine against the 2000-2001 influenza a(h1n1) and b epidemic in healthy children. | the efficacy of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine (caiv-t) against influenza a(h3n2) and b infections in healthy persons is established, but its effectiveness against natural influenza a(h1n1) infection is unknown. | 2004 | 14706961 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, december 21, 2003-january 3, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity decreased during december 21, 2003-january 3, 2004. during the latest reporting week, ending january 3, health departments in 38 states, the district of columbia, and new york city reported widespread influenza activity. nine states reported regional activity, one state reported local activity, and one state and guam reported sporadic activity. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) decreased in all survei ... | 2004 | 14712179 |
| cell-based assay for the determination of temperature sensitive and cold adapted phenotypes of influenza viruses. | the determination of temperature sensitive (ts) and cold adapted (ca) phenotype for influenza a and b strains has been conducted traditionally using embryonated chicken eggs. as attempts are made to move away from the use of eggs in the manufacturing process of influenza vaccines, it will become useful to develop cell-based assays to support cell culture-based vaccine production. in this study, mdck cells have been evaluated as a tool for determining the ts and ca phenotypes associated with live ... | 2004 | 14715309 |
| phenotypic drug susceptibility assay for influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors. | a flow cytometric (fluorescence-activated cell sorter [facs]) assay was developed for analysis of the drug susceptibilities of wild-type and drug-resistant influenza a and b virus laboratory strains and clinical isolates for the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir carboxylate, zanamivir, and peramivir. the drug susceptibilities of wild-type influenza viruses and those with mutations in the hemagglutinin (ha) and/or na genes rendering them resistant to one or more of the na inhibitors were ... | 2004 | 14715540 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed with a lightcycler instrument for detection of influenza viruses a and b and the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). detection of each viral product and of an internal control was based on determination of specific melting temperatures by the lightcycler software. the lower limit of detection in the multiplex pcr assay was found to be 50 copies for each viral target. in an evaluation of nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized childre ... | 2004 | 14715730 |
| antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of dna and rna viruses. | we investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. these hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), influenza a virus (flu-a), influenza b virus (flu-b), rhinovirus (rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), yellow fever virus (yfv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepa ... | 2004 | 14670594 |
| strong local and systemic protective immunity induced in the ferret model by an intranasal virosome-formulated influenza subunit vaccine. | the proliferation of influenza viruses causes costly, recurrent, annual epidemics. current vaccines, mainly administered parenterally, have been shown to be suboptimal in terms of efficacy, particularly where local iga responses are concerned. recent investigations of virosomes as delivery systems for viral ha and na antigens have demonstrated an improved immune response. this paper investigates the efficacy of a novel virosome-based intranasal influenza vaccine by its ability to reduce disease ... | 2004 | 15474733 |
| [clinical symptoms of influenza infection in the 2002-2003 season]. | the highest body temperature and clinical symptoms during the influenza infection were analyzed on 2,145 patients with influenza, (type a: 1,408cases, type b: 737cases: confirmed by a rapid diagnosis kit, capilia flua, b), and for 670 patients with a negative response to the rapid diagnosis kit (controls). the study was a multi-center study of the 2002-2003 influenza season. the percentages of patients with fever over 38 degrees c, 38.5 degrees c and 39 degrees c were significantly higher in inf ... | 2004 | 15478643 |
| influence of acylation sites of influenza b virus hemagglutinin on fusion pore formation and dilation. | the cytoplasmic tail (ct) of hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza b virus (bha) contains at positions 578 and 581 two highly conserved cysteine residues (cys578 and cys581) that are modified with palmitic acid (pa) through a thioester linkage. to investigate the role of pa in the fusion activity of bha, site-specific mutagenesis was performed with influenza b virus b/kanagawa/73 ha cdna. all of the ha mutants were expressed on cos cells by an expression vector. the membrane fusion ability of the ha m ... | 2004 | 15479794 |
| the n- and c-terminal domains of the ns1 protein of influenza b virus can independently inhibit irf-3 and beta interferon promoter activation. | the ns1 proteins of influenza a and b viruses (a/ns1 and b/ns1 proteins) have only approximately 20% amino acid sequence identity. nevertheless, these proteins show several functional similarities, such as their ability to bind to the same rna targets and to inhibit the activation of protein kinase r in vitro. a critical function of the a/ns1 protein is the inhibition of synthesis of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) during viral infection. recently, it was also found that the b/ns1 protein ... | 2004 | 15479798 |
| homology model of the structure of influenza b virus ha1. | influenza b virus is one of two types of influenza virus that cause substantial morbidity and mortality in humans, the other being influenza a virus. the inability to provide lasting protection to humans against influenza b virus infection is due, in part, to antigenic drift of the viral surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (ha). studies of the antigenicity of the ha of influenza b virus have been hampered by lack of knowledge of its structure. to address this gap, two possible models have been ... | 2004 | 15483238 |
| changes in the hemagglutinins and neuraminidases of human influenza b viruses isolated in italy during the 2001-02, 2002-03, and 2003-04 seasons. | throughout most of the last decade, b/yamagata/16/88-lineage influenza viruses were predominant among the b isolates circulating worldwide, whereas b/victoria/2/87-lineage viruses were isolated infrequently and restricted geographically to eastern asia. during the 2001-02 influenza season, b/victoria/2/87-lineage viruses re-emerged in north america and europe and spread worldwide. virological surveillance in italy during that season showed wide circulation of influenza b viruses, of which most w ... | 2004 | 15484280 |
| burden of influenza in healthy children and their households. | a prospective, multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the burden of laboratory confirmed influenza in healthy children and their household contacts. | 2004 | 15499051 |
| three-year (1999-2002) of epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza in north-east italy. | the results of the epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza performed during the 1999/2000, 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 seasons in the northeastern italy were presented and the relationship between age-specific morbidity rates and circulating strains were discussed.the epidemiological findings pointed out a change in age distribution. during the 1999/2000 season, characterized by a circulation of viruses antigenically close to the vaccine strain, a similar incidence rate in the 0-14 ... | 2004 | 15499899 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, january 4-10, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 4-10, 2004. health departments in 20 states and new york city reported widespread influenza activity. a total of 24 states reported regional activity, three states reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by two states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) continued to decrease i ... | 2004 | 14724560 |
| influenza dna vaccine: an update. | 2004 | 14733788 | |
| microsphere-based duplexed immunoassay for influenza virus typing by flow cytometry. | we have developed a rapid, duplexed microsphere-based immunoassay for the characterization of influenza virus types that has the potential to overcome many of the limitations of current detection methods. the assay uses microspheres of two sizes, each coupled to an influenza type a- or type b-specific monoclonal antibody (mab), to capture influenza viruses in the sample. a cocktail of fluorescently labeled, influenza-specific polyclonal antibodies then binds the captured viruses. the sandwich co ... | 2004 | 14736414 |
| detection of differential expression of mouse interferon-alpha subtypes by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. | specific primers for nine mouse interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) subtypes, namely, ifn-alpha1, ifn-alpha1-9, ifn-alpha2, ifn-alpha4, ifn-alpha5, ifn-alpha7, ifn-alpha6/8, ifn-alpha11, and ifn-alphab, were designed and evaluated on poly(i).poly(c)-induced and influenza virus-infected l929 cells. specificity of the primers was confirmed in a cross-polymerase chain reaction (cross-pcr). ifn-alpha1, ifn-alpha1-9, ifn-alpha4, ifn-alpha6/8, ifn-alpha11, and ifn-alphab were found to be induced in l929 cell ... | 2004 | 14736428 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, january 11-17, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 11-17, 2004. health departments in five states reported widespread influenza activity. a total of 31 states and new york city reported regional activity, eight states reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by six states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) continued to decreas ... | 2004 | 14737063 |
| the influenza b virus nonstructural ns1 protein is essential for efficient viral growth and antagonizes beta interferon induction. | we analyzed the functions of the influenza b virus nonstructural ns1-b protein, both by utilizing a constructed mutant virus (delta ns1-b) lacking the ns1 gene and by testing the activities of the protein when expressed in cells. the mutant virus replicated to intermediate levels in 6-day-old embryonated chicken eggs that contain an immature interferon (ifn) system, whereas older eggs did not support viral propagation to a significant extent. the delta ns1-b virus was a substantially stronger in ... | 2004 | 14747551 |
| immune responses to influenza immunization in children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | to compare the immune responses to influenza vaccine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) receiving maintenance chemotherapy with those in healthy children. | 2004 | 14752792 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, january 18-24, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 18-24, 2004. one state health department reported widespread activity. a total of 20 states reported regional activity, 19 states and new york city reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by nine states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) remained the same during the week endi ... | 2004 | 14749616 |
| effect of a single mutation in neuraminidase on the properties of influenza b virus isolates. | two strains of influenza b virus were isolated in vero cells. subclones with improved efficiency of plaque formation were selected. the activity of the neuraminidase (na) of the two subclones compared to their respective isolates dropped 20- and 100-fold, respectively. both subclones had a common mutation in segment 6 leading to a change from asp to asn at position 457 in the na. this mutation destroyed a salt bridge of the contact surface between the monomers, thereby causing the loss in enzyma ... | 2004 | 14689282 |
| influenza vaccine--outmaneuvering antigenic shift and drift. | 2004 | 14724300 |