Publications

[kawasaki disease in children and adolescents].	kawasaki disease (kd) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. the diagnostic criteria are fulfilled with fever of unknown origin and 4 of the following 5 criteria: bilateral conjunctival injection, cervical lymphadenopathy, polymorphous rash, oral mucous membrane changes (injected lips, strawberry tongue) and peripheral extremity changes (erythema, edema, desquamation). if less than 4 criteria are found incomplete kd can be diagnosed. the therapy is 2 g/kg body weight single dose intraveno ...	2011	22139203
Toxicity of essential and non-essential oils against the chewing louse, Bovicola (Werneckiella) ocellatus.	The toxicity of six plant essential oils to the chewing louse, Bovicola (Werneckiella) ocellatus collected from donkeys, was examined in laboratory bioassays. The oils examined were: tea-tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), peppermint (Mentha piperita), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labillardiere), clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata) and camphor (Cinnamomum camphora). All except camphor oil showed high levels of toxicity, with significant dose-dependent mortality and ...	2011	22177577
synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of copper and silver complexes based on acetylsalicylic acid.	metalcarbonyl complexes with ligands derived from acetylsalicylic acid demonstrated high cytotoxic potential against various tumor cell lines and strong inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes cox-1 and 2. in this study we tried to achieve comparable effects with [alkyne]silver or copper trifluoromethanesulfonate complexes which are more hydrophilic then the uncharged metalcarbonyl derivatives. all compounds were evaluated for growth inhibition against breast (mcf-7, mda-mb 231) and colon cance ...	2011	21984018
vertebral artery injuries following cervical spine trauma: a prospective observational study.	purpose: the purpose of this study was to report on the incidence, diagnosis and clinical manifestation of vai following cervical spine injuries observed in a prospective observational study with a standardized clinical and radiographical protocol. methods: during a 16-year period, 69 (mean age: 43-á-¦-á20.7-áyears; 25 female, 44 male) of 599 patients had cervical spine injury suspicious for vai due to facet luxation and/or fractures extending into the transverse foramen. diagnosis and managemen ...	2011	21717238
mitochondrial genome sequence of the tibetan wild ass (equus kiang).	the tibetan wild ass, or kiang (equus kiang) is endemic to the cold and hypoxic (4000-7000-ám above sea level) climates of the montane and alpine grasslands of the tibetan plateau. we report here the complete nucleotide sequence of the e. kiang mitochondrial genome. our results show that e. kiang mitochondrial dna is 16,634-ábp long, and predicted to encode all the 37 genes that are typical for vertebrates.	2011	21732718
human scca serpins inhibit staphylococcal cysteine proteases by forming classic "serpin-like" covalent complexes.	proteolytic enzymes secreted by staphylococcus aureus are considered important virulence factors. here, we present data showing that staphylococci-derived cysteine proteases (staphopains) are efficiently inhibited by squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (scca1), a serpin abundant on the epithelial surfaces. the high association rate constant (k(ass)) for inhibitory complex formation (1.9 +ù 10ôü¦ and 5.8 +ù10ôü¦ môü+-¦ sôü+-¦ for staphopain a and staphopain b interaction with scca1, respectively) a ...	2011	21683261
relationships between the dynamics of iatrogenic dna damage and genomic design in mammalian spermatozoa from eleven species.	the dynamic onset of dna fragmentation in mammalian sperm populations varies widely in different species when the spermatozoa are incubated in vitro at body temperature for several hours, and recent studies have shown that the dynamic rate of dna fragmentation within a species has considerable predictive value in terms of fertility. the reasons for such variation are unclear, but here we show that differences in protamine sequence and identity could be partially responsible. sets of 10 normal se ...	2011	21919111
differences between epididymal and ejaculated sperm characteristics in donkey.	spermatozoa acquire their motility and fertilizing ability during their passage through the epididymal canal. in the epididymal caput and corpus spermatozoa undergo several biochemical and metabolic changes while the cauda of the epididymis should be considered as the primarily site for storage of the spermatozoa. in the horse spermatozoa from cauda epididymis were collected and frozen, and the fertility of semen assessed. however, no studies have detailed semen characteristics of spermatozoa co ...	2011	21996580
adventitious sounds identification and extraction using temporal-spectral dominance based features.	respiratory sound (rs) signals carry significant information about the underlying functioning of the pulmonary system by the presence of adventitious sounds (ass). although many studies have addressed the problem of pathological rs classification, only a limited number of scientific works have focused in the analysis of the evolution of symptom related signal components in joint time-frequency (tf) plane. this paper proposes a new signal identification and extraction method for various ass based ...	2011	21712152
Corneal penetration of topical and subconjunctival bevacizumab.	To investigate the ability of bevacizumab to penetrate the cornea after topical application or subconjunctival injection.	2011	22003112
space availability influence laterality in donkeys (equus asinus).	cerebral lateralization is the portioning of the cognitive functions between the two cerebral hemispheres. several factors, like embryological manipulations, light exposure, health conditions, sex and age can influence the left-right brain asymmetries and contribute to increasing the variability in the strength and direction of laterality within most species. we investigated the influence of an environmental constraint, namely space availability, as a new source of variation on laterality in an ...	2011	21741459
trichophyton bullosum: a new zoonotic dermatophyte species.	we report the first human case of dermatophytosis caused by trichophyton bullosum in a 21-year-old male who had a skin lesion located on his forearm. the dermatophyte was isolated in culture and further identified by sequence analysis of internal transcripted spacer regions. the species t. bullosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte rarely isolated from the coat of horses in africa and asia. in the present case, it was probably transmitted by contact with an infected donkey in a rural area in france. a ...	2011	21905949
[in vivo and in vitro effect of peptide hp-6 derived from donkey serum albumin on hematopoietic system].	by bioinformatics method, the effect in hematopoietic system of bioactive peptide hp-6, which was obtained from donkey serum albumin and is one of the major protein components from donkey-hide gelatin, was investigated.	2011	22097343
stability of behavioral estimates of activity-dependent modulation of pain.	temporal sensory summation of pain (tssp) is a proxy measure of windup in humans and results in increased ratings of pain caused by a repetitive, low-frequency noxious stimulus. aftersensations (ass) are pain sensations that remain after tssp has been induced. we examined the within-session and across-session variability in tssp and as estimation in healthy participants and in participants with exercise-induced muscle pain in order to determine whether the presence of pain affected the stability ...	2011	21811390
comparative evaluation of three commercially available complement fixation test antigens for the diagnosis of glanders.	the sensitivity and specificity of three commercially available complement fixation test (cft) antigens from c.c.pro (c.c.pro), central veterinary institute of wageningen ur (cidc) and the united states department of agriculture (usda) were comparatively evaluated by testing 410 sera collected from glanders-endemic and non-endemic areas (200 true-negative randomly collected sera and 210 sera collected from experimentally immunised animals (12 rabbits, 19 horses), clinically positive (135) and cu ...	2011	21896565
molecular and serological detection of theileria equi and babesia caballi in donkeys (equus asinus) in brazil.	piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognized as a serious problem of major economic importance, since the affected animals manifest loss of appetite and decreased working capacity. the present work is aimed at detecting infection or exposure of donkeys in são paulo, brazil to theileria (t.) equi and babesia (b.) caballi using molecular and serological approaches. edta-blood and serum samples were collected from 88 donkeys (equus asinus). from 88 sampled donkeys, 65 (73.86%; 95% confidence interv ...	2011	22186194
pharmacogenetics of escitalopram and mental adaptation to cancer in palliative care: report of 18 cases.	aims and background. in palliative care, few data are available on the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders and of difficulties of mental adaptation to cancer for patients in the advanced phases of the disease. ssri antidepressants are the treatment of choice; the 5-httlpr genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (sert) has been shown in psychiatry to significantly determine the therapeutic response and the incidence of adverse effects. the aim of the present investigation has been ...	2011	21789016
the epidemiology of cranio-facial injuries caused by animals in southern-central china.	a clinical investigation was conducted to demonstrate the epidemiology of cranio-facial injuries inflicted by animals in southern-central part of china-the world's most populous eastern country. it consisted of a retrospective study of 149 patients and was carried out in our department. all the patients were attacked by animals, such as buffalo, cattle, donkey, horse, dog, cat, and rat. there were 91 males and 58 females patients, aged from 5 to 65 years. 113 patients were from rural areas, and ...	2011	21925891
Gasterophilosis: a major cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia.	A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia. Analysis of data on rectal prolapse cases obtained from the Donkey Health and Welfare Project clinic at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, from 1995 to 2004 revealed that 83.6% (n?=?177) of the cases were associated with Gasterophilus nasalis. The rest 10.7% and 5.7% were associated with work-related (overloading) cause and diarrhoea, respectively. The mean and ...	2011	21870062
detection of cow milk in donkey milk by chemometric procedures on triacylglycerol stereospecific analysis results.	stereospecific analysis is an important tool for the characterization of lipid fraction of food matrices, and also of milk samples. the results of a chemical-enzymatic-chromatographic analytical method were elaborated by chemometric procedures such as linear discriminant analysis (lda) and artificial neural network (ann). according to the total composition and intrapositional fatty acid distribution in the triacylglycerol (tag) backbone, the obtained results were able to characterize pure milk s ...	2011	21774859
nandrolone and stanozolol induce leydig cell tumor proliferation through an estrogen-dependent mechanism involving igf-i system.	several substances such as anabolic androgenic steroids (aas), peptide hormones like insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), aromatase inhibitors and estrogen antagonists are offered via the internet, and are assumed without considering the potential deleterious effects that can be caused by their administration. in this study we aimed to determine if nandrolone and stanozolol, two commonly used aas, could have an effect on leydig cell tumor proliferation and if their effects could be potentiated ...	2011	21769864
Arginine deiminase PEG20 inhibits growth of small cell lung cancers lacking expression of argininosuccinate synthetase.	Background:Some cancers have been shown to lack expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), an enzyme required for the synthesis of arginine and a possible biomarker of sensitivity to arginine deprivation. Arginine deiminase (ADI) is a microbial enzyme capable of efficiently depleting peripheral blood arginine.Methods:Argininosuccinate synthetase expression was assessed in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), with expression also assessed in a panel of 10 huma ...	2011	22134507
aldosterone induces electrical remodeling independent of hypertension.	background: treatment of heart failure patients with aldosterone antagonists has been shown to reduce the occurrence of sudden cardiac death. therefore we aimed at determining the consequences of chronic exposure to aldosterone and the aldosterone antagonists eplerenone and spironolactone on the electrophysiological properties of the heart in a rat model. methods and results: male wistar rats were chronically treated (4weeks) with aldosterone (ald) via an osmotic minipump. spironolactone (spi) o ...	2011	21764470
serum metal ion levels after rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty: comparison between a standard device and a megaprosthesis.	purpose: the effects of systemic metal ion exposure in patients with implants made of common prosthetic alloys continue to be a matter of concern. the aim of the study was to determine the measurement values of cobalt (co), chromium (cr) and molybdenum (mo) in serum following rotating-hinge knee arthroplasty. methods: blood was taken from 25 patients [mean follow-up 35 (range nine to 67) months] treated with megaprostheses (n=17) or standard rotating-hinge devices (n=8) and analysed using electr ...	2011	21755331
haemosiderin deposition in donkey (equus asinus) livers: comparison of quantitative histochemistry for iron and liver iron content.	post mortem liver samples from 12 donkeys (equus asinus) aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings), were assessed chemically for copper and iron content on a wet weight basis and histologically for stainable iron. chemical liver copper content ranged from 2.7 to 4.8μg/g (mean 3.5±0.05μg/g). chemical liver iron content ranged from 524 to 5010μg/g (mean 1723±1258μg/g). histochemical iron was measured morphometrically using a computer-based image analysis system; percentage section area ...	2011	20630552
a randomized triple blind trial to assess the effect of an anthelmintic programme for working equids in morocco.	gastro-intestinal parasitism has been identified as a significant cause of disease in working equids in many countries. this randomized triple-blind trial was designed to assess the impact of an anthelmintic treatment programme (using oral ivermectin and fenbendazole) comparing treated and placebo control populations of working donkeys, mules and horses in field conditions in morocco. in particular, we assessed animal body weight and condition score, together with a questionnaire-based owner eva ...	2011	21208398
positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the management of recurrent/metastatic breast cancer: a large retrospective study from the royal marsden hospital.	despite the increasing use of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (pet/ct) in the management of patients with breast cancer, its role is yet to be defined.	2011	20624786
morphometric analysis of the neuronal numbers and densities of the inferior olivary complex in the donkey (equus asinus).	the morphometric interrelations between the compartments of the inferior olivary complex (ioc) in the donkey (equus asinus) were ascertained by examining serial sections throughout the entire length of the ioc for both sides. nissl-stained celloidin sections of four brainstems of donkeys were used. the ioc consisted of three major nuclei and four small cell groups. the total neuronal count in both sides of the ioc was 202,040±8480 cells. the medial accessory olivary nucleus (mao) had the largest ...	2011	20546861
whey protein-okra polysaccharide fraction blend edible films: tensile properties, water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability.	a hot-buffer-soluble-solid fraction (hbss) and an alkaline-soluble-solid fraction (ass) of okra polysaccharides (okp) were obtained using sequential extraction. these fractions were combined with whey protein isolate (wpi) and glycerol (gly) plasticizer to form blend edible films. effects of okp fraction and content on tensile properties, water vapor permeability (wvp) and oxygen permeability (op) were determined.	2011	20960421
overlapping juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.	hereby, we report the case of a 12-year-old girl developing oligoarthritis and progressing into a polyarticular form. rheumatoid factor was positive, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) was diagnosed. after a poor response to dmards, an anti-tnf agent (infliximab) was initiated, but to be discontinued due to an allergic reaction. the same complication was observed with the fully human derivative, adalimumab. at the age of 22, the patient presented septicemia with severe anemia and subsequent ...	2011	20676642
haemosiderin deposition in donkey (equusasinus) liver: comparison of liver histopathology with liver iron content.	histopathological examination was carried out on post mortem samples of liver from 12 donkeys (equus asinus), aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings). variable amounts of haemosiderin were present in kupffer cells, portal macrophages and hepatocytes in all cases. in all cases there was infiltration of connective tissue around portal tracts by variable numbers of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) but obvious portal fibrosis was present in only four animal ...	2011	20656308
ancient dna from nubian and somali wild ass provides insights into donkey ancestry and domestication.	genetic data from extant donkeys (equus asinus) have revealed two distinct mitochondrial dna haplogroups, suggestive of two separate domestication events in northeast africa about 5000 years ago. without distinct phylogeographic structure in domestic donkey haplogroups and with little information on the genetic makeup of the ancestral african wild ass, however, it has been difficult to identify wild ancestors and geographical origins for the domestic mitochondrial clades. our analysis of ancient ...	2011	20667880
extended phylogeny of the equine arteritis virus sequences including south american sequences.	to perform genetic analysis of the orf5 of equine arteritis virus (eav) may provide new insights into the genetic evolution and origin of the argentinean eav sequences.	2011	20689314
quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle.	bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ...	2011	21324596
assessment of the potential for displacement interactions with sugammadex: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling approach.	sugammadex is a γ-cyclodextrin that binds with high affinity to the neuromuscular blocking agents (nmbas) rocuronium (bromide) and vecuronium (bromide) by encapsulation. cyclodextrins are known to form inclusion complexes with other compounds.	2011	21067251
pgf(2a), lh, testosterone, oestrone sulphate, and cortisol plasma concentrations around sexual stimulation in jackass.	many hormones are involved in the regulation of male reproductive functions, controlling sexual behavior, and influencing sexual arousal, the onset of erection and ejaculation, and the post-ejaculatory detumescence. the aims of this study were to analyze the plasma concentrations of 15-ketodihydro-pgf(2a) (pgfm), lh, testosterone (t), oestrone sulphate (os), and cortisol (c) in relation to sexual stimulation and to evaluate the possible correlations among circulating hormones and between hormone ...	2011	21295832
rejuvenation capacity of red blood cells in additive solutions over long-term storage.	red blood cells (rbcs) are food and drug administration (fda)-approved for 42-day storage with the use of additive solutions (ass). however, adenosine triphosphate (atp) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-dpg) levels in the rbcs decline over this time. these constituents may be restored by treatment with rejuvenation (rej) solutions. this study was done to assess the response capability of rbcs from 30 to 120 days of storage in three fda-licensed rbc storage solutions after incubation with a rejuve ...	2011	21251004
an overview of the epidemic of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in egypt: epidemiology and control challenges.	emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus in egypt in mid-february 2006 caused significant losses for the poultry industry and constituted a potential threat to public health. since late 2007, there has been increasing evidence that stable lineages of h5n1 viruses are being established in chickens and humans in egypt. the virus has been detected in wild, feral and zoo birds and recently was found in donkeys and pigs. most of the outbreaks in poultry and humans occurred ...	2011	21281550
immunotherapy for alzheimer's disease.	in the year 1999, a vaccine approach was found to reduce amyloid deposits in transgenic mice overproducing the amyloid precursor protein. this was followed closely by demonstrations that vaccines or passive immunotherapy could rescue memory deficits in these mice. initial human clinical trials revealed apparent autoimmune reactions in a subset of patients, but also some cases of cognitive benefit and amyloid clearance. further work with passive immunotherapy in mouse models confirmed exceptional ...	2011	21158978
cross-species surveillance of leptospira in domestic and peri-domestic animals in mahalla city, gharbeya governorate, egypt.	a survey of 179 animals (black rats, dogs, sheep, buffaloes, cattle, donkeys, weasels, and cats) for leptospira infection was conducted in mahalla city (lower egypt). blood, urine, and kidney were collected and tested by culture, microscopic agglutination test (mat), and/or polymerase chain reaction (pcr). among rats, 26% were positive by pcr, including 7% that were also positive by culture for l. interrogans serovars grippotyphosa, pyrogenes, and icterohaemorrhagiae. l. borpetersenii serovar po ...	2011	21363980
development of antisynthetase syndrome in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.	rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and antisynthetase syndrome (ass) are distinct clinical syndromes, and their co-occurrence is rarely encountered. the authors report the case of a 56-year-old female patient with ra of 3 years duration who suddenly developed ass, and include a review of the literature. the patient was diagnosed with ass based on; positivity for anti-histidyl-trna synthetase (jo-1) antibody, interstitial lung disease, polyarthritis, and mechanic's hands. high-dose corticosteroid and puls ...	2011	19847427
genetic differences in the serum proteome of horses, donkeys and mules are detectable by protein profiling.	although horses and donkeys belong to the same genus, their genetic characteristics probably result in specific proteomes and post-translational modifications (ptm) of proteins. since ptm can alter protein properties, specific ptm may contribute to species-specific characteristics. therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse differences in serum protein profiles of horses and donkeys as well as mules, which combine the genetic backgrounds of both species. additionally, changes in ptm ...	2011	22005420
economic burden of motorcycle accidents in northern ghana.	motorcycles are the most popular means of transportation in northern ghana, and their accidents are major causes of out-patient attendance and admissions in the bolgatanga municipality.	2011	22359418
homing and reparative effect of intra-articular injection of autologus mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic animal model.	this work aimed to study the homing evidence and the reparative effect of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) in the healing process of induced osteoarthritis in experimental animal model (donkeys).	2011	22085445
gastric and enteric phytobezoars caused by ingestion of persimmon in equids.	case description-13 equids (10 horses, 2 donkeys, and 1 pony) were examined for signs of colic (n = 7), weight loss (6), anorexia (3), and diarrhea (2). ten equids were evaluated in the fall (september to november). seven equids had a history of persimmon ingestion. clinical findings-a diagnosis of phytobezoar caused by persimmon ingestion was made for all equids. eight equids had gastric persimmon phytobezoars; 5 had enteric persimmon phytobezoars. gastroscopy or gastroduodenoscopy revealed evi ...	2011	21985354
treating epilepsy: a review of polish historical sources.	the first surviving polish publications on epilepsy were written in the 16th and 17th centuries. many causes of epileptic seizures are quoted and they are divided into two categories: internal and external. internal causes (causa interna) include imbalance in the basic bodily humors, that is, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, and blood. according to medieval writers, the principal cause of epilepsy was vapor, a damp, cold volatile substance originating in the excessive production of one of the ba ...	2011	21775214
a new, very sensitive method of assessment of ptaquiloside, the major bracken carcinogen in the milk of farm animals.	we describe a new method to detect trace levels of ptaquiloside (pta), a major carcinogen of bracken fern in biological samples such as milk from farm animals. the method involves the absorption of analyte on carbograph followed by elution with solvents mixtures. the unstable analyte is then converted into br-pt (ii), which is specific for pta, as it is not a natural decay product of the glycoside in aqueous media. an internal standard, the br-pterosine-d2, prepared in our laboratories has been ...	2011	31261490
accidental digitoxin intoxication: an interplay between laboratory and clinical medicine.	two italian adults arrived at the emergency department referring diarrhea, nausea and vomiting for 4 days; weakness, fatigue and visual hallucinations were also complained of. patients reported the ingestion of some leaves of a plant, which they supposed to be "donkey ears", a week before. physical examination showed hypotension and bradycardia and ecg examination disclosed sinus rhythm and repolarization abnormalities (scooping of the st-t complex) in both patients and a 2:1 av block in the man ...	2012	23092069
ms-based characterization of α(s2)-casein isoforms in donkey's milk.	the primary structure of four α(s2)-casein (cn) isoforms, present as minor components in the dephosphorylated cn fraction of a milk sample collected in eastern sicily from an individual donkey belonging to the ragusano breed at middle lactation stage, was determined, using the known donkey's α(s2)-cn (genbank acc. no. cav00691; m(r) 26,028 da) as reference. proteins, with experimentally measured m(r) of 25,429, 21,939, 25,203 and 21,713 da, were isolated by the combined use of reversed-phase hig ...	2012	22972783
fat content, energy value and fatty acid profile of donkey milk during lactation and implications for human nutrition.	milk contains numerous nutrients. the content of n-3 fatty acids, the n-6/n-3 ratio, and short- and medium-chain fatty acids may promote positive health effects. in western societies, cow's milk fat is perceived as a risk factor for health because it is a source of a high fraction of saturated fatty acids. recently, there has been increasing interest in donkey's milk. in this work, the fat and energetic value and acidic composition of donkey's milk, with reference to human nutrition, and their v ...	2012	22963037
diet supplementation with donkey milk upregulates liver mitochondrial uncoupling, reduces energy efficiency and improves antioxidant and antiinflammatory defences in rats.	dietary pufa, mainly those of the n-3 family, are known to play essential roles in the maintenance of energy balance and in the reduction of body fat deposition through the upregulation of mitochondrial uncoupling that is the main source of reactive oxygen species. we hypothesized that rat supplementation with raw donkey's milk (dm), characterized by low-fat content and higher n3:n6 ratio, may affect energy balance, lipid metabolism, and prooxidant status as compared to animals treated with cow' ...	2012	22930490
dot and the nodding donkeys-- sycophancy at work.		2012	23256328
helping donkeys to 'be safe, be seen'.		2012	23223469
effect of sperm concentration on characteristics of frozen-thawed semen in donkeys.	in this study, the effect of donkey sperm concentration in the straw during cryopreservation on the quality of thawed semen was evaluated. samples from seven adult martina franca jackasses were collected three times using a missouri artificial vagina. after estimation of volume and concentration, raw semen was evaluated for motility using a computer-assisted sperm analyzer (casa); viability and acrosome integrity were also determined. fresh semen was then centrifuged and re-suspended at five dif ...	2012	23182476
effect of packing on changes in erythrocyte osmotic fragility and malondialdehyde concentration in donkeys administered with ascorbic acid.	experiments were performed with the aim of investigating the effect of packing on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (eof) and malondialdehyde (mda) concentration in donkeys, and the effect of ascorbic acid (aa). twelve apparently healthy donkeys raised under the traditional extensive system served as experimental subjects. six donkeys administered orally with aa (200 mg/kg) and subjected to packing were used as experimental animals, whilst six others not administered with aa served as controls. bloo ...	2012	23327322
development of a quantitative multivariable radiographic method to evaluate anatomic changes associated with laminitis in the forefeet of donkeys.	to establish and validate an objective method of radiographic diagnosis of anatomic changes in laminitic forefeet of donkeys on the basis of data from a comprehensive series of radiographic measurements.	2012	22849682
risk factors for colic in equids hospitalized for ocular disease.	to evaluate the incidence of colic and risk factors for colic in equids hospitalized for ocular disease.	2012	22657933
genetic diversity and variability in endangered pantesco and two other sicilian donkey breeds assessed by microsatellite markers.	the genetic variability of pantesco and other two sicilian autochthonous donkey breeds (ragusano and grigio siciliano) was assessed using a set of 14 microsatellites. the main goals were to describe the current differentiation among the breeds and to provide genetic information useful to safeguard the pantesco breed as well as to manage ragusano and grigio siciliano. in the whole sample, that included 108 donkeys representative of the three populations, a total of 85 alleles were detected. the m ...	2012	22649301
molluscum contagiosum in two donkeys.		2012	22645156
a comparative study of xylazine-induced mechanical hypoalgesia in donkeys and horses.	to compare the effects of xylazine on mechanical nociceptive thresholds in donkeys and horses.	2012	22574779
pyrethroid tolerance in the chewing louse bovicola (werneckiella) ocellatus.	equine pediculosis is a significant health and welfare issue, particularly in elderly and chronically debilitated animals. currently infestation is controlled predominantly using topically applied pyrethroid insecticides, allowing limited scope for the rotation of drugs and increasing the risk of selection for resistance. here the insecticidal efficacies of two pyrethroid-based products against the louse bovicola (werneckiella) ocellatus collected from donkeys were examined in vitro. the product ...	2012	22513112
plasma leptin concentration in donkeys.	donkeys appear to be more predisposed than large breed horses to suffer from hyperlipemia. the reason for that predisposition is unknown but anorexia is a consistent feature of the disease. leptin, a protein synthesized in fat tissue, is one of the major inhibitors of appetite in mammals.	2012	22493943
european outbreaks of atypical myopathy in grazing equids (2006-2009): spatiotemporal distribution, history and clinical features.	improved understanding of the epidemiology of atypical myopathy (am) will help to define the environmental factors that permit or support the causal agent(s) to exert toxicity.	2012	22448904
a survey of anaesthetic practice in predicting difficult intubation in uk and europe.	unexpected difficulty in tracheal intubation is an intermittent and often terrifying problem for all practising anaesthetists. there are many preoperative assessment tests to predict a difficult laryngeal view or a difficult intubation, but we found no published evidence of how frequently these predictive tests are used or how useful they are perceived to be by anaesthetists.	2012	22374390
luteogenic and luteotropic effects of ecg during pregnancy in the mare.	the role of ecg during pregnancy was evaluated through the study of the temporal relationships between changes in ecg and progesterone concentrations and the formation of supplementary corpora lutea (scl) in mares impregnated with donkey semen (mule pregnancies) or with horse semen (equine pregnancies). concentrations of ecg were higher (p<0.01) in equine than in mule pregnancies between weeks 6.5 and 13. progesterone concentrations were higher in equine than in mule pregnancies between weeks 9 ...	2012	22325968
[reference relationships between human and animal in hildegard von bingen].	in "de animalibus", the 7th book in the "liber simplicis medicinae", hildegard von bingen describes the characteristics of four-footed land animals. some of these have a special relationship with humans in that they embody moral qualities. an explanation for this is already given in the preface, which states that human intelligence recognizes these qualities, declaring that "you are this or that sort of creature". since the relationship that animals have with nature shares a degree of similarity ...	2012	23155757
identification of piroplasms isolated from asymptomatic equine species from southern spain.	the aim of the study was to detect the presence of genetic material of equine piroplasmas and to determine the species isolates from apparently healthy equids, including horses, donkeys and mules, in southern spain. blood samples were collected from 135 animals to assess the presence of dna from equine piroplasmas using pcr. babesia (b.) caballi dna was detected in blood samples of three horses and one donkey, while theileria (t.) equi dna was confirmed in blood of 19 horses, three mules and one ...	2012	23227769
social relations in a mixed group of mules, ponies and donkeys reflect differences in equid type.	donkeys and mules are frequently kept as companion animals for horses and ponies, with these different equids often being considered a homogenous group. however, the extent to which domestic equids form inter-specific bonds and display similar social behaviour when living in a mixed herd has not previously been studied. here we compare the social organization of these three (sub)species when housed together, providing the first systematic analysis of how genetic hybridization is expressed in the ...	2012	22709577
molecular phylogeny of extant equids and effects of ancestral polymorphism in resolving species-level phylogenies.	short divergence times and processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and species hybridization are known to hinder the inference of species-level phylogenies due to the lack of sufficient informative genetic variation or the presence of shared but incongruent polymorphism among taxa. extant equids (horses, zebras, and asses) are an example of a recently evolved group of mammals with an unresolved phylogeny, despite a large number of molecular studies. previous surveys have proposed trees with ...	2012	22846684
the catalytic and the rna subunits of human telomerase are required to immortalize equid primary fibroblasts.	many human primary somatic cells can be immortalized by inducing telomerase activity through the exogenous expression of the human telomerase catalytic subunit (htert). this approach has been extended to the immortalization of cell lines from several mammals. here, we show that htert expression is not sufficient to immortalize primary fibroblasts from three equid species, namely donkey, burchelli's zebra and grevy's zebra. in vitro analysis of a reconstituted telomerase composed by htert and an ...	2012	22797876
plasma disposition of enrofloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular administration in donkeys.	this study was designed to investigate the plasma disposition and systemic availability of enrofloxacin (enr) following intramuscular and intravenous administrations. six donkeys (equus asinus) were used in this study. the animals were allocated into two groups (intramuscular and intravenous groups). after a 2-week washout period, the experiment was repeated with the groups reversed according to a two-phase crossover design. in phase i, group i received intravenously the commercially available i ...	2012	23065257
donkey jack (equus asinus) semen cryopreservation: studies of seminal parameters, post breeding inflammatory response, and fertility in donkey jennies.	the aims of this study were (1) to evaluate motility parameters of donkey jack (jack; equus asinus) semen cryopreserved in inra-96 (inra; imv technologies, france, 2% egg-yolk enriched) using either glycerol (gly) or ethylene glycol (eg) as a cryoprotector; (2) to compare in vitro the postthaw re-extension with homologous seminal plasma (spl) or inra; (3) to compare fertility in donkey jennies (jennies; equus asinus) timed artificially inseminated with jack semen cryopreserved using gly or eg, r ...	2012	22979965
investigation of an outbreak of besnoitiosis in donkeys in northeastern pennsylvania.	to describe the clinical, endoscopic, and serologic features of an outbreak of besnoitiosis in 2 donkey operations in northeastern pennsylvania and to report the outcome of attempted treatment of 1 naturally infected individual.	2012	22607601
field immobilization of feral 'judas' donkeys (equus asinus) by remote injection of medetomidine and ketamine and antagonism with atipamezole.	the judas technique is a method used for landscape control of feral donkeys (equus asinus) in northern australia. central to the success of any judas program is the safe, efficient, and humane attachment of the telemetry device. for feral donkeys, this involves the use of field immobilization. we examine the replacement of the current chemical capture agent, succinylcholine, with contemporary immobilization agents to achieve positive animal welfare outcomes. a combination of medetomidine and ket ...	2012	22493118
effect of colla corii asini (e'jiao) on d-galactose induced aging mice.	colla corii asini (e'jiao), donkey-hide gelatin prepared by stewing and concentrating from equus asinus l. donkey hide, is a traditional chinese medicine preparation widely used in clinical hematic antanemic therapy in china. the aim of the present study was to investigate potential anti-aging effect of colla corii asini and explore related mechanisms in d-galactose (gal) induced aging model mice. the mice were artificially induced aging by subcutaneously injection with d-gal at the dose of 100 ...	2012	23207764
spermatogonial stem cell markers and niche in equids.	spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis and are located in a highly dynamic microenvironment called "niche" that influences all aspects of stem cell function, including homing, self-renewal and differentiation. several studies have recently identified specific proteins that regulate the fate of sscs. these studies also aimed at identifying surface markers that would facilitate the isolation of these cells in different vertebrate species. the present study is the fi ...	2012	22937157
Effect of equestrian therapy and onotherapy in physical and psycho-social performances of adults with intellectual disability: a preliminary study of evaluation tools based on the ICF classification.	Purpose: To assess the effects of equestrian rehabilitation (ER) and onotherapy (Ono) on physical and psycho-social performances of subjects affected by intellectual disability (ID), and to develop a measurement tool based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY). Methods: A tool based on the ICF-CY classification was designed to evaluate subjects undergoing equine rehabilitation within a bio-psychosocial approach. A simplified version ...	2012	21988646
Characteristics of donkey spermatozoa along the length of the epididymis.	In mammals, the epididymis has numerous interrelated functions including absorptive and secretory activity that affect luminal environment and cell membrane, and the maturation and storage of sperm. Spermatozoa acquire their motility and fertilizing ability during their passage through the epididymis and the motility of epididymal spermatozoa should be a balance between the maturation of flagellum and the inhibition of the flagellar machinery. In this study maturational change in sperm character ...	2012	21872312
zoophilic feeding behaviour of phlebotomine sand flies in the endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis of sindh province, pakistan.	leishmania (leishmania) major has been identified as the major causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sindh province of southern pakistan. to make a rational approach for understanding the pathogen transmission cycles, the sand fly species and their natural blood meals in the endemic areas were examined. total dna was individually extracted from sand flies collected in four villages in sindh province. pcr-rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and sequence analysis of the 18s rib ...	2012	22246369
a review of african horse sickness and its implications for ireland.	african horse sickness is an economically highly important non-contagious but infectious orbivirus disease that is transmitted by various species of culicoides midges. the equids most severely affected by the virus are horses, ponies, and european donkeys; mules are somewhat less susceptible, and african donkeys and zebra are refractory to the devastating consequences of infection. in recent years, bluetongue virus, an orbivirus similar to african horse sickness, which also utilises culicoides s ...	2012	22553991
Identification of meat species by PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial COI gene.	Meat authenticity verification is pertinent for economical, religious or public health concerns. The present study investigates the use of PCR-RFLP of a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene for identification of species origin of raw meat samples of cow, chicken, turkey, sheep, pig, buffalo, camel and donkey. PCR yielded a 710-bp fragment in all species. The amplicons were digested with seven restriction endonucleases (Hind II, Ava II, Rsa I, Taq I, Hpa II, Tru 1I ...	2012	21996288
Identification and mapping of linear antigenic determinants of human amyloid ß(1-42) Peptide.	Accumulation of cytotoxic oligomers of amyloid ß (Aß) is one of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several immunological approaches that prevent the conversion of Aß into its toxic form or that accelerate its clearance are being actively pursued worldwide. As part of these attempts, we have carried out sequential epitope analysis of Aß where antibodies raised against native Aß and its homologue Aß-KEK were screened for binding to five overlapping hexadecapeptides encom ...	2012	22181818
management of zebras and zebra hybrids (zebroids).	equine practitioners are sometimes asked to treat zebras or zebra-horse or zebra-donkey hybrids. although these equids are subject to many of the same health issues as domestic horses, they cannot be handled like horses and generally require heavy sedation to full anesthesia, even for minor procedures. this usually necessitates the use of ultrapotent narcotics administered by remote delivery systems. this article discusses the handling, sedation, anesthesia, and common medical issues of zebras a ...	2012	23705207
comparative endocrinological responses to short transportation of equidae (equus asinus and equus caballus).	in order to evaluate the effects of short transportation on β-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and cortisol changes, 12 healthy stallions of equidae (equus asinus and equus caballus) were studied before and after transportation of 50 km. blood samples were collected 1 week before transportation in basal conditions, immediately before loading and after transportation and unloading, on their arrival at the breeding station. compared to basal and before values, donkeys showed an increa ...	2012	23480707
dominant structural factors for complexation and denaturation of proteins using carboxylic acid receptors.	complexation accompanied by denaturation of protein with synthetic carboxylic acid receptors was investigated, to evaluate the key factors for recognition of proteins. the synthetic receptors used were tetraphenylporphyrin (tpp) derivatives and receptors bearing multiple (2-8) carboxylic acid groups. the complexation behavior was quantified from the absorption in the far uv cd spectrum attributed to the secondary structure of the protein. tpp derivatives bearing multiple carboxylic acid groups i ...	2012	22123118
centromere repositioning in mammals.	the evolutionary history of chromosomes can be tracked by the comparative hybridization of large panels of bacterial artificial chromosome clones. this approach has disclosed an unprecedented phenomenon: 'centromere repositioning', that is, the movement of the centromere along the chromosome without marker order variation. the occurrence of evolutionary new centromeres (encs) is relatively frequent. in macaque, for instance, 9 out of 20 autosomal centromeres are evolutionarily new; in donkey at ...	2012	22045381
Co-expression of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase and Treponema denticola cysteine desulfhydrase for enhanced arsenic accumulation.	Arsenic is one of the most hazardous pollutants found in aqueous environments and has been shown to be a carcinogen. Phytochelatins (PCs), which are cysteine-rich and thio-reactive peptides, have high binding affinities for various metals including arsenic. Previously, we demonstrated that genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing phytochelatin synthase (AtPCS) produced PCs and accumulated arsenic. In an effort to further improve the overall accumulation of arsenic, cyst ...	2012	21915851
thyroid hormones in milk and blood of lactating donkeys as affected by stage of lactation and dietary supplementation with trace elements.	the traditional utilization of donkeys (equus asinus) as dairy animals has recently attracted substantial scientific interest with regard to human nutrition. donkey milk is well tolerated by infants with cows' milk allergy, useful in the treatment of human immune-related diseases, in the prevention of atherosclerosis, and in-vitro studies showed an anti-proliferative effect. active 3-3'-5-triiodothyronine (t3) in colostrum and milk could play different physiological roles, systemic and paracrine ...	2012	22369763
detection of chicken and turkey meat in meat mixtures by using real-time pcr assays.	in this study, taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques were developed for the detection of chicken and turkey meat in raw and heat-treated meat mixtures. primers and taqman probe sets were designed to amplify 86 bp and 136 bp fragments for the chicken and turkey species, respectively, on the mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene. in the results, it was possible to detect each species at the level of 0.1 pg template dna with the taqman probe technique without a ...	2012	22309374
identification of five gelatins by ultra performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc/q-tof-ms) using principal component analysis.	an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (uplc/q-tof-ms) method coupled with a principal component analysis (pca) was developed and applied toward identifying donkey-hide gelatin, bovine-hide gelatin, pig-hide gelatin, tortoise shell glue, and deerhorn glue. the uplc-ms data of the trypsin digested samples were subjected to principal component analysis (pca) in order to classify these five gelatins. additionally, marker peptides given by the loadings ...	2012	22257536
random x inactivation in the mule and horse placenta.	in eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of x-linked genes is achieved by x chromosome inactivation. x inactivation is random in embryonic and adult tissues, but imprinted x inactivation (paternal x silencing) has been identified in the extra-embryonic membranes of the mouse, rat, and cow. few other species have been studied for this trait, and the data from studies of the human placenta have been discordant or inconclusive. here, we quantify x inactivation using rna sequencing of placental tis ...	2012	22645258
efficacy of alphacypermetrin pour-on against natural werneckiella equi infestation on donkeys (equus asinus).	the chewing louse werneckiella equi is an ectoparasite of donkeys and other equids. alphacypermethrin (acyp) is a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used for the control of insects of veterinary and public health concerns. a trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of acyp against w. equi on naturally infested donkeys. parasitological investigations were performed on 13 animals. on day 0, the donkeys received acyp pour-on at the manufacturer's recommended dose rate for cattle. louse counts were p ...	2012	22526295
relative sensitivities of japanese quail to foreign red blood cell challenges for immunotoxicity testing.	given evidence that the immune system is sensitive to environmental contaminants, evaluating immunocompetence in toxicology studies is increasingly important. by incorporating a test of humoral response into controlled reproductive and developmental studies, more comprehensive results can be gathered to assess the potential for disease. the foreign red blood cells (rbc) challenge is a minimally invasive method for evaluating humoral responses to a foreign antigen. typically, antibody response is ...	2012	22480169
size exclusion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/uv for routine control of thermal processing of cows' and donkey milk major proteins.	cows' and donkey milks (raw and thermally processed) and respective whey were analysed for quantification of major proteins. two different chromatographic approaches, size exclusion (se-hplc) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) both coupled to uv detection were used. usefulness of these methods for routine control of the effect of thermal processing was evaluated. the external standard method was used to calibrate the se-hplc and rp-hplc systems. concerning quanti ...	2012	22420770
identification of copy number variants in horses.	copy number variants (cnvs) represent a substantial source of genetic variation in mammals. however, the occurrence of cnvs in horses and their subsequent impact on phenotypic variation is unknown. we performed a study to identify cnvs in 16 horses representing 15 distinct breeds (equus caballus) and an individual gray donkey (equus asinus) using a whole-exome tiling array and the array comparative genomic hybridization methodology. we identified 2368 cnvs ranging in size from 197 bp to 3.5 mb. ...	2012	22383489
the domestic livestock resources of turkey: status, use and some physical characteristics of mules.	mules are known to have been used as carriage and riding animals in mesopotamia and anatolia as early as the beginning of the second millennium bc but may have been first bred in anatolia in the third century bc. they have thus contributed to turkey's cultural, social and economic heritage for more than 4,000 years and were an ancient component of its guild of domestic animals and overall biodiversity. once bred country-wide most mules are now introduced "illegally" to the southeast and east fro ...	2012	24833995
prevalence and persistence of taylorella asinigenitalis in male donkeys.	this study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of taylorella asinigenitalis in a subset of the donkey population of michigan and in other equids on farms on which the organism was identified. other aims were to further characterize the carrier state in terms of persistence and preferred sites of colonization of t. asinigenitalis in the male donkey as well as determine the genotype of any isolates of the organism. initial testing of 43 donkeys and 1 mule turned up 4 (9.3%) donkeys cultur ...	2012	22795262
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in equids from southern spain.	antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in serum samples from 616 equids (454 horses, 80 mules and 82 donkeys) in a cross-sectional study of 420 herds in andalusia (southern spain), the region with the highest number of equids in spain. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 10.8% horses, 15.0% mules and 25.6% donkeys by using the modified agglutination test (mat) at a cut-off of 1:25. herd seroprevalence for horses, mules and donkeys was 14.7% (48/327), 23.9% (11/46) and 34.0% (16/47), r ...	2012	22366344
estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from indian livestock.	greenhouse gas (ghg; methane and nitrous oxide) emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of indian livestock were estimated from the last two indian livestock census datasets (2003 and 2007) using ipcc tier 2 (2006) guidelines. the total annual ghg emissions from indian livestock increased in 2007 compared to the year 2003 with an annual growth rate of 1.52% over this period. the contributions of ghg by dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep and other animals (y ...	2012	22898933
use of sentinel serosurveillance of mules and donkeys in the monitoring of west nile virus infection.	a cross-sectional study was carried out on clinically normal mules and donkeys in a region of southern spain to assess the seroprevalence of west nile virus (wnv) following detection of infection in contiguous horse and human populations. antibodies against wnv were detected by a blocking elisa and micro-virus neutralisation test in 12/165 (7.3%; ci(95%) 4.3-11.3) of the animals sampled. even though the individual seroprevalence was higher in mules (9.6%; 8/83) than in donkeys (4.9%; 4/82), the ...	2012	22633828