Publications

effects of 5-ht3 receptor antagonists on models of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplatin in the ferret.	the emetic profile of action of cisplatin 5 and 10 mg/kg i.p. was investigated in the ferret over a 72 and 24 hr period respectively. the 5-ht3 receptor antagonists ondansetron and alosetron markedly antagonized or abolished the emesis during the "acute phase" and, whilst antagonizing the emesis during the delayed phase, also revealed a 5-ht3 receptor antagonist resistant component. these cisplatin paradigms may provide models relevant to the study of acute and delayed emesis induced by cisplati ...	1994	7760983
[rabies antibody production in ferrets after immunization with four different rabies vaccines].	the development of rabies antibodies in ferrets after injection of four different types of rabies vaccines. experiments aimed at proving the suitability of ferrets in the routine testing of rabies vaccines for human and animal use were carried out. a total of 40 ferrets received four vaccines, two for use in humans and two for use in animals. for the determination of rabies antibodies, blood was taken on days 28 and 56, respectively, after inoculation of the vaccines. all animals developed antib ...	1994	7740856
smooth muscle protein kinase c.	protein kinase c (pkc) was first implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction with the observation that phorbol esters induce slowly developing, sustained contractions. in some vascular smooth muscles, e.g., ferret aorta, phorbol ester induced contractions occur without an increase in sarcoplasmic free-ca2+ concentration ([ca]i) or myosin light chain phosphorylation. this response appears to be mediated by a ca(2+)-independent isoenzyme of pkc (probably pkc epsilon), since saponin-p ...	1994	7767884
differential photoperiodic control of seasonal variations in pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in long-day (ferret) and short-day (mink) mammals.	the aim of this study was to elucidate the pituitary adjustments implicated in photoperiodic control of reproduction in two mammalian species, the ferret and the mink. in the ferret, which displays renewed testicular activity when the days lengthen, we observed a stimulation of the pulsatile liberation of luteinizing hormone (lh) reflecting the pulsatile activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) system when daylight was equal to or in excess of ld 8:16. this photoperiod coincides pre ...	1994	7772791
endothelin-1 does not alter ca2+ responsiveness in saponin-skinned ferret papillary muscles.	endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor and a positive inotropic agent in myocardium. endothelin has been reported to increase myocardial contractility with little or no increase in intracellular ca2+, thus apparently enhancing myofilament responsiveness to ca2+. we investigated the effects of endothelin on tension development and ca2+ responsiveness in both intact and saponin-skinned ferret right ventricular papillary muscles. isolated ferret papillary muscles were stimulated for 2 h in the pres ...	1994	7698185
sarcoplasmic reticulum function in newborn ferret cremaster skeletal muscles.	a study of the properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was performed with newborn ferret cremaster muscles at two different development stages: at 8 and 21 days. the effects of extracellular ca2+, caffeine and cyclopiazonic acid, a specific sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase inhibitor, were examined on intact cremaster skeletal muscles. the uptake and release of ca2+ were explored on saponin-skinned fibres with or without cyclopiazonic acid and some results obtained were compared with those o ...	1994	7698197
in defense of ferrets.		1994	7698914
auditory brainstem of the ferret: long survival following cochlear removal progressively changes projections from the cochlear nucleus to the inferior colliculus.	some effects on auditory brainstem connections of long (1-2.3 years) survival following unilateral cochlear removal in infant and adolescent ferrets were examined by making multiple injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) in either the left or the right inferior colliculus (ic). previous studies have shown that, in normal adult ferrets, about 50 times as many cochlear nucleus (cn) neurons project to the contralateral as to the ipsilateral ic. right coch ...	1994	7507942
development of the thalamic reticular nucleus in ferrets with special reference to the perigeniculate and perireticular cell groups.	this study describes the development of the ferret thalamic reticular nucleus from nissl-stained and from parvalbumin-immunostained sections. from early stages [embryonic day (e) 23-e25], there is a large group of ventral thalamic cells which lies between the dorsal thalamus and the primordial internal capsule. this group of cells, the primordial reticular nucleus, gives rise to the main body of the reticular nucleus, the perigeniculate nucleus and the perireticular nucleus. in the reticular nuc ...	1994	7513240
capsaicin-sensitive stretch responses in ferret trachealis muscle.	1. stretch-induced electrical and mechanical responses in segments of ferret trachealis muscle were studied. stretches and post-stretch length changes were quantified by measuring distances between two marker spheres placed on the muscle surface. electrical responses were determined by measuring membrane potential in the muscle cell syncytium. 2. smooth muscle mechanical and electrical responses to the stretch manoeuvre were characterized by an initial shortening and depolarization phase and a r ...	1994	7517450
molecular characterization of clustered variants of genes encoding major surface antigens of human pneumocystis carinii.	a 13-kb genomic fragment from human pneumocystis carinii was cloned as repetitive dna. the fragment contains a cluster of three related genes, each 3 kb in size, and the 5' end of a fourth gene. the predicted polypeptide of the first gene in the cluster comprises 1,030 amino acid residues with a total molecular mass of 116 kda. the gene's predicted amino acid sequence bears 32% identity to predicted sequences of recently described gene fragments of ferret p. carinii, which encode an immunodomina ...	1994	7518806
localization of increased collagen in ferret lung tissue after chronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide.	chronic exposure of experimental animals to moderate levels of nitrogen dioxide (no2) leads to increased collagen deposition in the lung parenchyma. to localize this increased collagen, lung sections from ferrets exposed to 0.5 or 10 ppm of no2 4 h daily for 8 or 15 weeks were stained with sirius red under conditions in which the stain is specific for collagen. stained areas of respiratory bronchiolar submucosa were compared between no2-exposed and air-exposed control animals using computer-aide ...	1994	7522361
comparative effects of increased extracellular potassium and pacing frequency on the class iii activities of methanesulfonanilide ikr blockers dofetilide, d-sotalol, e-4031, and mk-499.	the methanesulfonanilide-containing class iii agents dofetilide, d-sotalol, e-4031, and mk-499 have been characterized as selective blockers of a rapidly activating component of the cardiac delayed rectifier (ik) k+ current, ikr. in the present studies, the effects of dofetilide (3-30 nm), d-sotalol (10-100 microm), e-4031 (30-300 nm), and mk-499 (30-300 nm) on myocardial effective refractory period (erp) were assessed in ferret right ventricular papillary muscles in conditions of altered extrac ...	1994	7526051
effects of a newly synthesized dihydropyridine, nz-105, on intracellular ca transients and tension in ferret ventricular muscles.	we investigated the effects of a newly synthesized dihydropyridine (dhp) derivative (nz-105) on intracellular ca transients and contraction in ferret ventricular muscles, using the aequorin method. low concentrations of nz-105 (10(-9)-10(-7) m) showed no significant effects on the light signal of aequorin and tension in twitch. high concentrations of nz-105 (10(-6)-10(-5) m) inhibited the peaks of the light signal and tension without altering their time courses. the relation between the peaks of ...	1994	7526060
agonist-induced redistribution of calponin in contractile vascular smooth muscle cells.	calponin is a thin filament-associated protein that has been implicated in playing an auxiliary regulatory role in smooth muscle contraction. we have used immunofluorescence and digital imaging microscopy to determine the cellular distribution of calponin in single cells freshly isolated from the ferret portal vein. in resting cells calponin is distributed throughout the cytosol, associated with filamentous structures, and is excluded from the nuclear area of the cell. the ratio of surface corte ...	1994	7526695
oral microflora of the ferret at the gingival sulcus and mucosa membrane in relation to ligature-induced periodontitis.	the aim of this study was to describe, in the domestic ferret, the composition of the normal gingival sulcus and the near related mucosa microflora and the shift in the composition during an acute periodontal breakdown induced by the placement of ligatures. five animals were used. at the start of the experiment (day 0) and before the placement of the ligatures, 2 microbiological samples were obtained from the gingival sulcus and the related mucosa at the mid-buccal surface of the right upper p4. ...	1994	7478754
genetic diversity in human-derived pneumocystis carinii isolates from four geographical locations shown by analysis of mitochondrial rrna gene sequences.	the opportunistic fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii is a frequent cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. in this study, we have compared the dna sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rrna gene of p. carinii (an informative locus showing up to 27% differences among isolates of p. carinii from human-, rat-, mouse-, ferret-, rabbit-, and horse-infected lungs) obtained from human-derived isolates from widely disparate geographical areas, including britain, the united s ...	1994	7533779
the antiemetic activity of granisetron against cytostatic-treatment-induced emesis in 10- to 13-week-old ferrets.	the antiemetic activity of granisetron was examined in ferrets aged 10-13 weeks. emesis was induced by exposure to either whole-body x-irradiation (50 gy over 10.4 min) or cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg i.v.) plus doxorubicin (6 mg/kg i.v.). following exposure to whole-body x-irradiation, the young ferrets vomited with a similar latency to vomit and severity of emesis to that shown by adult animals. granisetron (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced (p < or = 0.05) the number of vomits and retches a ...	1994	8288674
behavioral endpoints for radiation injury.	the relative behavioral effectiveness of heavy particles was evaluated. using the taste aversion paradigm in rats, the behavioral toxicity of most types of radiation (including 20ne and 40ar) was similar to that of 60co photons. only 56fe and 93nb particles and fission neutrons were significantly more effective. using emesis in ferrets as the behavioral endpoint, 56fe particles and neutrons were again the most effective; however, 60co photons were significantly more effective than 18 mev elec ...	1994	11539983
adrenal gland tumors in ferrets.		1994	7744634
nerve growth factor depletion reduces collateral sprouting of cutaneous mechanoreceptive and tooth-pulp axons in ferrets.	1. electrophysiological experiments were carried out to determine whether or not collateral sprouting of cutaneous low-threshold mechanoreceptive fibres could be detected and to investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (ngf) deprivation on the sprouting of these fibres and the fibres innervating tooth pulps. 2. in twenty-one ferrets (eleven of which had been autoimmunized against ngf) the right inferior alveolar nerve (ian) was sectioned and prevented from regenerating. after 12 weeks, tran ...	1994	7707237
morphology of retinal axon arbors induced to arborize in a novel target, the medial geniculate nucleus. ii. comparison with axons from the inferior colliculus.	specific neonatal lesions in ferrets can induce retinal axons to project into the medial geniculate nucleus (mgn). in the accompanying paper (pallas et al., this issue), we described the morphology of these retinal ganglion cell axons. those results and others (roe et al. [1993] j. comp. neurol. 334:263) suggest that these axons belong to the w class of retinal axons. in this paper, the retino-mgn axons are compared with the normal inputs to the mgn from the brachium of the inferior colliculus ( ...	1994	7852630
a study of branched pulpal axons in ferrets with supplemental teeth.	electrophysiological recordings were made from maxillary incisors to determine whether axons which branch to supply the pulps of two teeth were more common if a supplemental tooth was present. a total of 12 branched pulpal axons was found in nine animals with six maxillary incisors each and 25 branched pulpal axons were found in six animals with seven maxillary incisors each. because of the variability between animals, this difference was not significant. however, branched pulpal fibres which cr ...	1994	7695503
effect of isoflurane on hematologic variables in ferrets.	effects of isoflurane on the cbc in ferrets were studied. there was rapid decrease in all hematologic variables after induction of anesthesia. percentage reductions in indices of the erythron (hematocrit, rbc count, hemoglobin concentration) exceeded those of plasma protein concentration and wbc count at the first postinduction time point. there was little additional decrease in these variables for the duration of anesthesia. the values had partially recovered to preanesthetic baseline at 45 min ...	1994	7998708
gastro-oesophageal afferent and serotonergic inputs to vagal efferent neurones.	peripheral 5-ht3 receptor mechanisms are involved in activation of gastrointestinal (gi) mucosal vagal afferent fibres. 5-ht3 receptor mechanisms in the central nervous system (cns) may be involved in behavioural and reflex motility responses. this study investigates the processing of different sensory inputs in the cns and the involvement of 5-ht3 receptors at these different levels. in urethane (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) anaesthetized, splanchnectomized ferrets, the jugular vein was cannulated for intra ...	1994	7806770
evaluation of serum estradiol concentrations in alopecic ferrets with adrenal gland tumors.	seventeen ferrets were examined because of progressive bilaterally symmetric alopecia that was nonpruritic. dermatologic and endocrinologic testing were used to determine the cause of the alopecia. resting cortisol, testosterone, and thyroxin concentrations and results of acth stimulation tests were found to be within reference range limits established for this species. high serum estradiol concentrations were found to be a reliable indicator of adrenal cortical neoplasia in these ferrets.	1994	7989239
epidemiologists and public health veterinarians issue statement on ferrets. council of state and territorial epidemiologists and the national association of state public health veterinarians.		1994	7961081
measurement of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content in skinned mammalian cardiac muscle.	we developed an optical system for the measurement of the ca2+ content of sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) in saponin-treated ventricular muscles of ferrets. after the sr was loaded with ca2+ by activating the ca2+ pump of sr, caffeine (50 mm) was applied to release the accumulated ca2+ from the sr into the bathing solution containing the fluorescent ca2+ indicator, fluo-3. as fluo-3, at high concentrations (approximately 200 microm), predominantly binds most of the ca2+ released from the sr, the flu ...	1994	7982263
prolonged anti-emetic activity and 5-ht3-receptor antagonism by brl 46470 in conscious ferrets.	the anti-emetic activity of oral and intravenously-administered brl 46470 (endo-n-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3yl)-2,3-dihydro-3,3- dimethyl-indole-1-carboxamide hcl) has been assessed in conscious ferrets. brl 46470 (0.05-0.5 mg kg-1, p.o.) dose-dependently prevented emesis evoked over a 2 h period by total body x-irradiation. this anti-emetic activity occurred with oral or intravenously-administered brl 46470 even when dosed 3-4 h before radiation. in conjunction with data obtained in oth ...	1994	7932054
effect of hypoxia on lung fluid balance in ferrets.	to determine how hypoxia may alter determinants of pulmonary transvascular fluid flux, adult male ferrets were exposed to either room air (c) or hypoxia (h; fio2 = 0.12) for 24 h. after anesthesia and ventilation with c or h, the mean pulmonary artery pressures were 18.4 +/- 2.2 (sem) and 27.3 +/- 2.9 mm hg, respectively (p < 0.025). the right lung was then removed for gravimetric analysis of lung water and the left lung was blood-perfused (approximately 142 ml/kg/min) and continuously weighed f ...	1994	8173749
pubertal maturation is associated with an increase in the number of androgen receptor-immunoreactive cells in the brains of male ferrets.	androgen receptor-immunoreactive (ar-ir) cells were identified in brains of male ferrets before and after the onset of pubertal maturation. there was a greater number of ar-ir cells after the onset of pubertal maturation in some, but not all, brain regions examined. regions in which the number of ar-ir cells increased included the preoptic area and the amygdala, areas known to be involved in the control of male reproductive behaviors. the mechanisms responsible for the increase in ar-ir cells ar ...	1994	8026077
enhanced activation of nmda receptor responses at the immature retinogeniculate synapse.	the maturation of retinogeniculate excitatory transmission and intrathalamic inhibition was studied in slices of the dorsal lgn obtained from ferrets during the first 2 postnatal months. response to optic tract stimulation at neonatal ages consisted of slow epsps lasting several hundred milliseconds. application of the nmda receptor antagonist d-(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (d-apv) during the first 2 postnatal weeks resulted in epsps that were reduced in peak amplitude and dramatically cu ...	1994	7908957
free-field binaural unmasking in ferrets.	free-field detection by normal and monaural ferrets of a 500-hz tone presented over 1 laterally placed loudspeaker and partially masked by narrow-band noise from 2 sources was studied at 2 angular separations of the noise sources (0 degree and 180 degrees). monaural listening was achieved either by plugging 1 ear canal or removing 1 cochlea. normal ferrets showed an improvement in detectability of the tone when there was a 180 degrees separation between the noise sources. this unmasking of the t ...	1994	8192846
suppression of cerebellar purkinje cells during conditioned responses in ferrets.	decerebrate ferrets were conditioned, using electrical stimulation of the forelimb as conditioned stimulus and periorbital stimulation as unconditioned stimulus, until they produced conditioned eyeblink responses. the latency of these was 125-250 ms. microelectrode recordings were made from single purkinje cells in an eyeblink controlling area in the c3 zone of the cerebellar cortex. whereas purkinje cells in animals, which had only received unpaired stimulus presentations, responded weakly or n ...	1994	8025262
aleutian disease in laboratory ferrets.		1994	8178415
topographic representation of auditory space in the superior colliculus of adult ferrets after monaural deafening in infancy.	1. we have investigated the role of monaural cues provided by the outer ear in the construction of a map of auditory space in the superior colliculus. single-unit recordings were made from the superior colliculus of adult ferrets that were deprived of binaural inputs by surgically ablating the ipsilateral cochlea on postnatal day 21 or 24. 2. the spatial response properties of auditory units in the deeper layers of this nucleus were studied using white-noise bursts presented under free-field con ...	1994	8158228
evaluating a practice opportunity. asking the right questions.	as a candidate for a position, your job is to identify the expectations of physicians, why previous administrators have failed to meet these expectations and the limits within which a new administrator can operate. most groups that approach experienced administrators with the prospect of future employment have already lost their administrator, either through a forced termination or the administrator's voluntary move. administrators who do not adequately evaluate the opportunity usually receive t ...	1995	10155933
calcium compartments in vascular smooth muscle cells as detected by aequorin signal.	1. to examine whether cytosolic ca2+ in smooth muscle cells distributes evenly, cytosolic ca2+ levels were measured with two different ca2+ indicators in the ferret isolated portal vein; a fluorescent indicator, fura-pe3, that shows the average ca2+ level, and a photoprotein, aequorin, that preferentially shows a high ca2+ compartment. 2. a noradrenaline (10 microm)-induced sustained contraction was associated with a sustained increase in the fura-pe3 signal, or a transient increase followed by ...	1995	8680735
yeast infection in ferrets.		1995	8693680
the anti-emetic activity of gk-128 in suncus murinus.	in suncus murinus, various emetic responses and the anti-emetic activity of a new 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-ht3) receptor antagonist, gk-128 (2-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl) methyl benzo[f]thiochromen-1-one monohydrochloride hemihydrate), were investigated. cancer chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide, dose-dependently induced emesis of long-lasting duration. the 5-ht3 receptor agonist, 2-methyl-5-ht, and copper sulfate also induced emesis of short duration. however, another 5-ht3 rec ...	1995	8846809
electroacupuncture reduces morphine-induced emesis in ferrets: a pilot study.	we treated morphine-induced emesis in ferrets with electroacupuncture (ea) for five minutes at the acupuncture point neiguan (p6) using two different frequencies of stimulation: 1.0 hz and 5.0 hz (n = 5 ferrets per group). both ea treatments reduced the number of emetic episodes (39% reduction of episodes, p < or = 0.05 at 1.0 hz; 43% reduction of episodes, p < or = 0.05 at 5.0 hz) and prolonged the onset time of emesis as compared with control receiving no ea. this model demonstrates that under ...	1995	9395622
liposarcoma arising from the mandibular bone marrow in a ferret.		1995	8748452
tension-dependent changes of the intracellular ca2+ transients in ferret ventricular muscles.	1. we measured the change in intracellular ca2+ transients, using aequorin, in response to muscle length change during twitch contraction in ferret ventricular muscles. 2. intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) was transiently increased when the muscle length was quickly shortened to 92% of maximum length (lmax) at various times after stimulation (this increase in [ca2+] is termed extra-ca2+). the magnitude of extra-ca2+, measured at different extracellular ca2+ concentrations ([ca2+]o), sho ...	1995	8788928
c-type inactivation controls recovery in a fast inactivating cardiac k+ channel (kv1.4) expressed in xenopus oocytes.	1. a fast inactivating transient k+ current (fk1) cloned from ferret ventricle and expressed in xenopus oocytes was studied using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. removal of the nh2-terminal domain of fk1 (fk1 delta 2-146) removed fast inactivation consistent with previous findings in kv1.4 channels. the nh2-terminal deletion mutation revealed a slow inactivation process, which matches the criteria for c-type inactivation described for shaker b channels. 2. inactivation of fk1 delta 2- ...	1995	8788936
species difference in the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor associated with the von bezold-jarisch reflex.	species differences in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht)3 receptor among anesthetized rats, mice, rabbits, ferrets, dogs and guinea-pigs were examined in the transient bradycardia induced by i.v. injection of 5-ht (the von bezold-jarisch reflex). we also investigated the mechanism of the 5-ht-induced bradycardia in these species. 5-hydroxytryptamine and the selective 5-ht3 receptor agonists, 2-methyl-5-ht and m-chlorophenylbiguanide, dosedependently decreased heart rate in all species. in anestheti ...	1995	8861711
induction and relief of nasal congestion in ferrets infected with influenza virus.	susceptible ferrets intranasally infected with influenza virus consistently responded with maximal nasal secretion of virus, febrile reaction, and influx of inflammatory cells into nasal lumen on day 2 post infection (d.p.i.). polymorphonuclear leucocytes were the earliest predominant cell, followed by monocytes/macrophages while lymphocytes were maintained as a minor population throughout the 7-day period. nasal congestion level, continuously monitored by computer aided active anterior rhinoman ...	1995	7537523
transmission of a chronic lymphoproliferative syndrome in ferrets.	lymphomas and leukemias are caused by transmissible viruses in a wide variety of species, including humans, cattle, and cats. features of lymphoma in ferrets suggest that it, too, may have an infectious etiology. no agent has been identified.	1995	7538182
studies on nerves of the upper respiratory tract in the ferret and the mink.	the central localization of the superior laryngeal nerve (sln), recurrent laryngeal nerve (rln) and pharyngeal nerve (phar) in the ferret (mustela putorius furo) and mink (mustela vision) was determined by neuronal tract tracing techniques. the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp)/wheat germ aggluttinin conjugated hrp mixtures (wga-hrp) revealed afferent fibres of the sln projecting ipsilaterally in the tractus solitarius (ts) before terminating in the ipsilateral nucleus of the ...	1995	7540189
the anti-emetic effects of cp-99,994 in the ferret and the dog: role of the nk1 receptor.	1. the selective nk1 receptor antagonist, cp-99,994, produced dose-related (0.1-1.0 mg kg-1, s.c.) inhibition of vomiting and retching in ferrets challenged with central (loperamide and apomorphine), peripheral (cuso4) and mixed central and peripheral (ipecac, cisplatin) emetic stimuli. 2. parallel studies with the enantiomer, cp-100,263 (1 mg kg-1, s.c.), which is > 1,000 fold less potent as a nk1 antagonist, indicated that it was without significant effect against cuso4, loperamide, cisplatin ...	1995	7544198
regional distribution and characterization of nitric oxide synthase activity in the brain of the common marmoset.	the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (nos) within the brain of the common marmoset, a non-human primate species, was investigated using the [3h]l-citrulline formation assay and western blot analysis. no hemispheric asymmetry of specific nos activity was shown. the highest levels of nos were found in the putamen and caudate nucleus--more than twice those in the cortex and the cerebellum, the brain regions with the lowest activities. the regional distribution pattern was similar to that in th ...	1995	7545017
lateral superior olive projections to the inferior colliculus in normal and unilaterally deafened ferrets.	we have examined the projection from the lateral superior olive (lso) to the inferior colliculus (ic) in the ferret, with particular interest in the laterality of the projection and in the effects of unilateral cochlear removal in infancy. large or small deposits of the retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) were made in the ic of anesthetized adult ferrets that either were normally hearing or had been unilaterally deafened in infancy (p5 or p25). after 2 days, ...	1995	7545189
patterns of excitation and inhibition evoked by horizontal connections in visual cortex share a common relationship to orientation columns.	combined optical imaging and electrophysiological techniques were used to assess directly the functional nature of long-range excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions between orientation columns in area 17 of ferret visual cortex. a significant correlation was found between the layout of iso-orientation columns and the pattern of evoked synaptic inputs between cortical sites: the largest-amplitude inhibitory and excitatory synaptic responses were evoked in single neurons when stimulation ...	1995	7546734
distribution of digestive enzyme activities along intestine in blue fox, mink, ferret and rat.	the activities of amylase, total proteases, monoglyceride lipase, glycyl-leucine dipeptidase and sucrase were investigated in mucosa from five consecutive parts of small intestine in blue fox, mink, ferret and rat. in comparison with rats, the activity gradient of carbohydrates and tpa in mucosa of predatory animals was shifted in the distal direction. the distribution of dipeptidase and monoglyceride lipase along the intestine was similar enough in all animals: the first was exemplarily the sam ...	1995	7553336
influence of substrate nature and immobilization of implanted dentin matrix components during induction of reparative dentinogenesis.	the biological effects of isolated soluble dentin extracellular matrix components on the induction of reparative dentinogenesis in exposed cavities in ferret canine teeth have been shown to be blocked by immobilizing the extracellular matrix components on nitrocellulose or millipore membranes during implantation. this contrasts with the picture of induction of odontoblast-like cell differentiation and reparative dentin deposition on existing insoluble dentin matrix of the exposure walls when the ...	1995	7554930
long-term supplementation of canthaxanthin does not inhibit gastric epithelial cell proliferation in helicobacter mustelae-infected ferrets.	the effect of canthaxanthin (cx), a nonprovitamin a carotenoid, on gastric epithelial proliferation was studied in ferrets colonized with helicobacter mustelae, which causes a chronic gastritis and an increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation. seven spayed female ferrets were dosed by gavage with cx beadlets (50 mg/kg body wt, 5 d/wk) over 2 y, whereas seven control animals were given placebo beadlets. at the end of the 2-y-period, ferrets were killed, and gastric tissues were obtained fro ...	1995	7562083
effect of stretch on contraction and the ca2+ transient in ferret ventricular muscles during hypoxia and acidosis.	the effect of stretch on cardiac muscle contraction and the ca2+ transient was studied during hypoxia and acidosis in isolated ferret ventricular muscles. in control conditions, a maintained stretch produced an immediate increase in tension followed by a slow increase in tension and the ca2+ transient. a stretch between contractions (diastolic stretch) caused only a slow increase in tension and the ca2+ transient, whereas a stretch during the period of contraction (systolic stretch) produced an ...	1995	7573399
mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilation in ferret pulmonary arteries.	to investigate the mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation we measured isometric tension in rings from ferret third- to fifth-generation intrapulmonary arteries mounted in organ baths (37 degrees c, 28% o2-5% co2). after precontraction with phenylephrine (pe), hypoxia caused a brief transient vasoconstriction followed by marked vasodilation. endothelial denudation did not affect the steady-state response. in vessels without endothelium, inhibition of cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase ...	1995	7573469
isoform diversity and tandem duplication of the glycoprotein a gene in ferret pneumocystis carinii.	two ferret p. carinii gpa cdna clones were identified that reacted identically with a panel of anti-gpa monoclonal antibodies, although their nucleotide sequences were 22% divergent. each clone hybridized to a single mrna species of 3,600 nucleotides only in p. carinii-infected lung mrna, but rt-pcr analysis demonstrated that these cdna clones were derived from two distinct gpa mrna transcripts. further pcr analysis demonstrated that the ferret p. carinii genome contains at least two gpa genes l ...	1995	7584051
preclinical efficacy of a prototype dna vaccine: enhanced protection against antigenic drift in influenza virus.	vaccination with plasmid dna expression vectors encoding foreign proteins elicits antibodies and cell-mediated immunity and protects against disease in animal models. we report a comparison of dna vaccines, using contemporary human strains of virus, and clinically licensed (inactivated virus or subvirion) vaccines in preclinical animal models, to better predict their efficacy in humans. influenza dna vaccines elicited antibodies in both non-human primates and ferrets and protected ferrets agains ...	1995	7585127
effects of thapsigargin on aequorin-injected and skinned preparations of ferret ventricular muscles.	we investigated the effects of thapsigargin (tg) (0.1-1 microm) on the relation between intracellular ca2+ concentration and tension in ferret papillary muscles using aequorin-injected and skinned preparations.	1995	7585826
depressed transient outward current in single hypertrophied cardiomyocytes isolated from the right ventricle of ferret heart.	the aim of this study was to investigate transient outward potassium current (ito) changes as a basis for the prolongation of the action potential associated with cardiac hypertrophy.	1995	7585836
intracellular ph during hypoxia in normal and hypertrophied right ventricle of ferret heart.	the effects of preventing oxidative phosphorylation on phi were compared in papillary muscles from right ventricles of normal and pressure-overloaded ferret hearts. hypertrophy was induced by pulmonary artery clipping for 30-45 days. phi was recorded with ph-sensitive microelectrodes. resting phi and the relationship between intracellular buffering power and phi were not modified by the hypertrophy. at 22 degrees c, the initial intracellular alkalosis following exposure to oxygen-free tyrode sol ...	1995	7602610
von willebrand factor in plasma, platelets, and selected tissues of ferrets.	by standard laboratory methods the presence and activity of von willebrand factor (vwf) was detected and characterized in the ferret (mustela putorius furo); vwf in plasma, platelets, and selected tissues (thoracic aorta, cranial vena cava, thoracic portion of caudal vena cava, and lung) was documented. activity, antigenic concentration, plasma multimeric distribution, and localization within tissues were similar to those features in other species. two differences were apparent: multimeric distr ...	1995	7603015
different effects of salmeterol, formoterol and salbutamol on cholinergic responses in the ferret trachea.	1. in the present study, the inhibitory effects of the selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, salmeterol, formoterol and salbutamol, have been investigated on contractions of ferret trachea induced both by endogenous and exogenous acetylcholine. the aim of the study was to evaluate quantitative and/or qualitative differences in response which may indicate both pre- and post-junctional sites of action. the non-selective beta-antagonist, sotalol, was used to estimate beta-adrenoceptor involvement ...	1995	7606351
development of glycinergic cells and puncta in nuclei of the superior olivary complex of the postnatal ferret.	the distribution of glycine-immunopositive cells and axonal endings was studied in the adult and early postnatal ferret superior olive. as in other species, the most prominent glycine-immunopositive cell group in the adult ferret superior olive was the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. other darkly immunostained cells were present, although more scattered, in most periolivary regions, including the lateral and ventral trapezoid body nuclei. in the lateral superior olivary nuclei, glycine-imm ...	1995	7608333
responses of ferret lower esophageal sphincter to 5-hydroxytryptamine: pathways and receptor subtypes.	in urethananesthetized ferrets, basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure (lesp) was unaffected by the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-ht3) receptor antagonist granisetron (0.5 mg/kg) or by greater splanchnic nerve section (gsx), but increased after bilateral vagotomy. peripheral vagal nerve stimulation caused les relaxation, often followed by a brief contraction and a prolonged inhibition of lesp. close intra-arterial injection of 5-ht (5-100 micrograms) had a biphasic effect on lesp, with a brief drop ...	1995	7611399
supplementing ferrets with canthaxanthin affects the tissue distributions of canthaxanthin, other carotenoids, vitamin a and vitamin e.	to study the effects of canthaxanthin supplementation on the tissue distribution of canthaxanthin, other carotenoids, vitamin a and vitamin e, 26 spayed female ferrets (2 mo of age) were used. ferrets were assigned to receive a commercial ferret diet and a gavage of canthaxanthin [50 mg/(kg body wt.d)] or a gavage of placebo beadlets (0 mg canthaxanthin) 5 d/wk. serum canthaxanthin concentrations in the canthaxanthin-fed group increased from 0 at baseline to 37.76 +/- 5.34 nmol/l trans and 77.10 ...	1995	7616312
emergence of functional circuits in ferret visual cortex visualized by optical imaging.	the emergence of functional lateral interactions in ferret visual cortex was monitored using high speed optical imaging of voltage-sensitive dye signals in brain slices. prior to the time of eye opening, lateral activation was restricted to a narrow columnar region. during the week following eye opening, the extent of lateral propagation of activity more than doubled. selective interruption of specific pathways in the slice, combined with pharmacological and anatomical experiments, determined th ...	1995	7619527
axonal target choice and dendritic development of ferret beta retinal ganglion cells.	we have investigated the relationship between axon targeting and dendritic morphology in beta retinal ganglion cells in the postnatal ferret. axonal projections were assessed by making separate injections of different fluorescent retrograde tracers into either the superior colliculus or lateral geniculate nucleus in vivo. the dendritic morphology of retrogradely labelled cells was revealed by the in vitro intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed retina. in this way, 405 retinal ganglio ...	1995	7620621
acetylcholine excites gabaergic neurons of the ferret perigeniculate nucleus through nicotinic receptors.	1. the actions of acetylcholine (ach) on the gabaergic neurons of the perigeniculate nucleus (pgn) were investigated with the use of extra- and intracellular recording techniques in spontaneously spindling ferret thalamic slices maintained in vitro. 2. local application of ach to pgn neurons resulted in rapid depolarization followed by a longer lasting hyperpolarization. neither of these responses were abolished by blockade of synaptic transmission with tetrodotoxin (ttx) nor with low ca2+ and e ...	1995	7623105
fluid and protein secretion from ferret submandibular and parotid glands in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation or administration of sympathomimetics.	electrical stimulation of the sympathetic innervation evoked secretion of submandibular and parotid saliva. by changing the mode of stimulation from a continuous to an intermittent one the fluid response increased and glandular blood flow improved. the volumes from the submandibular glands were larger than those from the parotid glands and further, the protein concentration of submandibular saliva was higher than that of parotid saliva. adrenaline, isoprenaline and phenylephrine evoked larger fl ...	1995	7625175
reactionary dentinogenesis.	reactionary dentinogenesis is the secretion of a tertiary dentine matrix by surviving odontoblast cells in response to an appropriate stimulus. whilst this stimulus may be exogenous in nature, it may also be from endogenous tissue components released from the matrix during pathological processes. implantation of isolated dentine extracellular matrix components in unexposed cavities of ferret teeth led to stimulation of underlying odontoblasts and a response of reactionary dentinogenesis. affinit ...	1995	7626417
regulation of brain androgen receptor immunoreactivity by androgen in prepubertal male ferrets.	during pubertal maturation, there is an increase in the number of androgen receptor-immunoreactive (ar-ir) cells in the preoptic area (poa), arcuate nucleus (arc), medial amygdala (mamy), and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (vmh) of the male ferret brain. in contrast, the number of ar-ir cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bnst) or lateral septum (isep) does not change with pubertal development. this experiment tested the hypothesis that the pubertal increase in ar-ir cells in ce ...	1995	7626721
beta 3-adrenoceptors and airways.	beta 3-adrenoceptors have been identified in a variety of tissues from humans and animals: adipose tissue, gastrointestinal smooth muscle, rat skeletal muscle, bovine skeletal muscle, and human and canine heart. in the airways, the investigation of the beta 3-adrenoceptors came from studies with a series of novel selective agonists. stimulation of the "atypical" beta-adrenoceptor increases the active transport of albumin across the ferret tracheal epithelium and the ciliary beat frequency of can ...	1995	7628823
a model of parasagittal controlled cortical impact in the mouse: cognitive and histopathologic effects.	controlled cortical impact (cci), using a pneumatically driven impactor to produce traumatic brain injury, has been characterized previously in both the ferret and in the rat. in the present study, we applied this technique to establish and characterize the cci model of brain injury in another species, the mouse, evaluating cognitive and histopathologic outcome. in anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 65 mg/kg) male c57bl mice, we performed sham treatment (no injury, n = 12) or cci injury (n = 12 ...	1995	7629863
time- and voltage-dependent modulation of a kv1.4 channel by a beta-subunit (kv beta 3) cloned from ferret ventricle.	in mammals, voltage-gated k+ channels can be made of complexes containing alpha-subunits similar to the shaker k+ channel and smaller cytoplasmic beta-subunits. recent studies have suggested that these ancillary beta-subunits can modulate k+ channel gating properties. we studied the effects of a k+ channel beta-subunit, kv beta 3, coexpressed with a kv1.4 alpha-subunit, fk1, on the time and voltage dependence of channel activation, inactivation, recovery from inactivation, and deactivation, usin ...	1995	7631872
effect of helicobacter mustelae infection on ferret gastric epithelial cell proliferation.	the effect of helicobacter mustelae infection on gastric epithelial proliferation was studied in ferrets colonized with h.mustelae and specific pathogen-free (spf) ferrets not infected with h.mustelae. thirteen h. mustelae-infected ferrets between the ages of 13 and 32 months and 16 spf ferrets between 6 and 18 months were analyzed. bacterial cultures, urease tests and warthin-starry stains were used to identify h.mustelae. tissues obtained from the antrum and the body regions of the stomach wer ...	1995	7634423
presence and effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide in the submandibular gland of the ferret.	pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (pacap), a recently described vasoactive intestinal peptide-like neuropeptide, was found to be present in neurons in the submandibular gland of the ferret, where pacap-immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed around blood vessels, acini and ducts. most of the pacap-immunoreactive fibres were distinct from those storing vasoactive intestinal peptide. pacap occurs in tissues as pacap1-38 and pacap1-27. pacap1-38 and pacap1-27 but not pacap16-38 di ...	1995	7637871
construction and characterization of an isogenic urease-negative mutant of helicobacter mustelae.	helicobacter mustelae infects the ferret stomach and provides an opportunity to study pathogenic determinants of a helicobacter species in its natural host. we constructed an isogenic urease-negative mutant of h. mustelae which produced no detectable urease and showed a reduced acid tolerance. this mutant provides an opportunity to further evaluate the role of urease in the pathogenesis of helicobacter infection.	1995	7642313
inability of an isogenic urease-negative mutant stain of helicobacter mustelae to colonize the ferret stomach.	eight ferrets specific-pathogen-free for helicobacter mustelae were given, per dose, approximately 3.0 x 10(7) cfu of either the wild-type parent strain of h. mustelae (nctc 12032) (two ferrets) the isogenic urease-negative mutant strain of h. mustelae (10::tn3km) (four ferrets), or sterile culture broth (two ferrets). infection status was monitored by endoscopic gastric biopsy for urease activity, histopathology, and culture and by serology at 3, 6, 10, and 21 weeks. all ferrets were necropsied ...	1995	7642314
comparison of responses in the anterior and primary auditory fields of the ferret cortex.	1. characteristics of an anterior auditory field (aaf) in the ferret auditory cortex are described in terms of its electrophysiological responses to tonal stimuli and compared with those of primary auditory cortex (ai). ferrets were barbiturate-anesthetized and tungsten microelectrodes were used to record single-unit responses from both ai and aaf fields. units in both areas were presented with the same stimulus paradigms and their responses analyzed in the same manner so that a direct compariso ...	1995	7643163
postnatal development of synchronized network oscillations in the ferret dorsal lateral geniculate and perigeniculate nuclei.	extracellular and intracellular recordings from slices of ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (lgnd) at postnatal ages p10-53 were performed to examine the postnatal development of spindle waves and the ability of block of gabaa receptors to alter these spindle waves into a slower, synchronous oscillation. as in prior studies in the adult, intracellular and extracellular recordings at ages p33-53 revealed robust spindle waves to be present in both the lgnd and perigeniculate nucleus (pgn). ...	1995	7643215
effect of environmental tobacco smoke on the metabolism of (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol in juvenile ferret lung and liver.	to evaluate the effects of "environmental tobacco smoke" (ets) on developing lungs, juvenile ferrets were exposed to ets at an average total particulate concentration of 381 +/- 97 mg/m3 for 2 h at the breathing zone. twenty-four hours after the exposure, the ferrets were sacrificed and the metabolism of (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol was studied in the lung and liver homogenates. the rate of conversion of (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol to the ultimate carcinogen (+)-anti-ben ...	1995	7643432
rapid acquisition of dendritic spines by visual thalamic neurons after blockade of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.	n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors play an important role in the development of retinal axon arbors in the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). we investigated whether blockade of nmda receptors in vivo or in vitro affects the dendritic development of lgn neurons during the period that retinogeniculate axons segregate into on-center and off-center sublaminae. osmotic minipumps containing either the nmda receptor antagonist d-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (d-apv) or saline were implan ...	1995	7644532
the mechanism underlying the cardiotoxic effect of the toxin from the jellyfish chironex fleckeri.	we have investigated the mechanisms underlying the cardiac effects of the toxin from the box jellyfish chironex fleckeri. papillary muscles isolated from the hearts of ferrets and ventricular myocytes isolated from the hearts of ferrets and rats were used. force, intracellular [ca2+], and membrane potential were monitored in the papillary muscles; contraction, intracellular [ca2+], intracellular [na+], and membrane currents were monitored in the isolated myocytes. application of the toxin to the ...	1995	7645014
alternative splicing of the human shaker k+ channel beta 1 gene and functional expression of the beta 2 gene product.	mammalian voltage-activated shaker k+ channels associate with at least three cytoplasmic proteins: kv beta 1, kv beta 2 and kv beta 3. these beta subunits contain variable n-termini, which can modulate the inactivation of shaker alpha subunits, but are homologous throughout an aldo-keto reductase core. human and ferret beta 3 proteins are identical with rat beta 1 throughout the core while beta 2 proteins are not; beta 2 also contains a shorter n-terminus and has no reported physiological role. ...	1995	7649300
does early monocular enucleation in a marsupial affect the surviving uncrossed retinofugal pathway?	monocular enucleations have been done during early stages (postnatal days 3 to 9) of visual system development of monodelphis domestica, in order to determine whether in this marsupial, as in several eutherian mammals, there are any interactions between the pathways from the two eyes in establishing the uncrossed retinofugal projection. we have examined the distribution and the number of retrogradely labelled ganglion cells that project to the same side of the brain from the surviving eyes short ...	1995	7649832
changes in density of brainstem afferents in ferret primary auditory cortex (ai) during postnatal development.	histochemical methods were used to assess the distribution of 4 neurotransmitters thought to be involved in cortical plasticity. they were measured in the primary auditory cortex of the ferret from just before the onset of hearing. acetylcholinesterase staining was strongest in layers i, iv and vi and there was a gradual increase in the amount of staining from postnatal day (pnd) 21 through to adulthood. serotonin fibres were located mainly in layers i-iii and their density increased gradually o ...	1995	7649837
paf induces relaxation of pulmonary arteries but contraction of pulmonary veins in the ferret.	the present study was designed to determine whether platelet-activating factor (paf) has different effects on pulmonary arteries and veins. third-order pulmonary arterial and venous rings of the ferret were suspended in organ chambers filled with modified krebs-ringer bicarbonate solution (95% o2-5% co2, 37 degrees c) and their isometric tension was recorded. under basal conditions, paf had no effect on the resting tension of arteries but induced an endothelium-dependent contraction of veins. th ...	1995	7653635
comparison of helicobacter mustelae and helicobacter pylori adhesion to eukaryotic cells in vitro.	bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces is an important pathogenic mechanism for helicobacter-induced gastritis. the aims of this study were to compare binding of selected helicobacter mustelae and helicobacter pylori strains to lipids extracted from hep-2, chinese hamster ovary, human embryonic lung cells, and ferret gastrointestinal tissues as well as to intact tissue culture cells and to analyze the fatty acids of the receptor.	1995	7657097
bi-stable block by 4-aminopyridine of a transient k+ channel (kv1.4) cloned from ferret ventricle and expressed in xenopus oocytes.	1. using the two-microelectrode, 'cut open' oocyte, and 'torn off' macropatch voltage clamp techniques, we studied the blocking effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-ap) on two cloned k+ channels expressed in xenopus oocytes, an inactivating k+ channel isolated from ferret ventricle (fk1), and its nh2-terminal deletion mutant (delta nco) which lacks fast n-type inactivation. 2. experiments with a permanently charged, impermeant 4-ap derivative, 4-aminopyridine-methyliodide, indicated that the cationic f ...	1995	7658383
effect of a very early monocular enucleation upon the development of the uncrossed retinofugal pathway in ferrets.	monocular enucleations were done in ferret embryos before or during the earliest stages of development of the retinofugal pathway (e23-e26). the effects on the development of the uncrossed pathway from the surviving eye were assessed on embryonic day 30. this stage was chosen for two reasons: (1) we show that in normal development a substantial uncrossed component from the temporal crescent has developed by e30; and (2) the pathway cannot yet have been affected by the cell death that normally oc ...	1995	7665732
intestinal absorption and metabolism of 9-cis-beta-carotene in vivo: biosynthesis of 9-cis-retinoic acid.	this study was done to examine the intestinal absorption and cleavage of 9-cis-beta-carotene in vivo. a micellar solution, containing either no addition or 10 mumol of 9-cis- or all-trans-beta-carotene, was perfused for 2 h through the upper portion of the small intestine of ferrets. the effluent of a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation was collected, as well as intestinal mucosa scrapings, a portal blood sample, and a liver biopsy, both before and after perfusion. carotenoids and retinoids were m ...	1995	7666004
the fate of the skin graft in laryngoplasty.	in laryngoplasty procedures, laryngotracheal soft tissue defects are often repaired using skin grafts. while stenting is necessary to approximate and immobilize the graft, prolonged stenting causes increased bacterial counts, granulation tissue formation, tissue ischemia, and graft failure. optimal time for stent removal has not been experimentally defined. using the ferret animal model, 24 laryngoplasty procedures were performed. the subjects were stented by group for 0, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. a ...	1995	7666731
seasonal fiber growth cycles of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) and long-term effects of melatonin treatment.	pelage cycles of ferrets are poorly documented, although it is clear that their timing is sensitive to daylength, mediated by pineal melatonin. hair follicles were monitored histologically in ferrets from 3 to 19 months of age in order to describe naturally occurring changes in follicle growth status and follicle number over three successive cycles of fur growth. melatonin was administered to some of these animals in late summer to determine the long-term effects of perturbation of hormonal cont ...	1995	7673877
acetylcholine and adenosine activate the g protein-gated muscarinic k+ channel in ferret ventricular myocytes.	the properties of the k+ channel activated by acetylcholine (ach) and adenosine (ado) were examined in single ferret ventricular myocytes using patch-clamp techniques. in the whole-cell configuration, ach and ado induced an inwardly rectifying k+ current and shortened the action potential duration. the effect of ach was blocked by atropine, while the ado effect was interrupted by 8-cyclopentyl,1,2-dipropyl xanthine, a specific ado a1 receptor antagonist. in cell-attached recordings, ach and ado ...	1995	7675119
acrolein-induced smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness and eicosanoid release in excised ferret tracheae.	acrolein is a ubiquitous toxic air pollutant that can have adverse lung effects. to understand the mechanism governing airway reactivity in relation to acrolein uptake, in vitro experiments were conducted in which excised tracheae from ferrets were exposed for 1 hr to a unidirectional constant flow (100 ml/min) of an acrolein-in-air mixture at several concentrations (0-12.5 ppm). during exposure, acrolein uptake into the trachea was determined by a chromatographic analysis of gas samples taken a ...	1995	7482538
4-guanidino-neu5ac2en fails to protect chickens from infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.	the effectiveness of the novel sialidase inhibitor 4-guanidino-neu5ac2en, which is highly effective in mouse and ferret models of influenza virus infection (von itzstein et al. (1993) nature 363, 418-423), has been assessed as a prophylactic agent in the prevention of infection of chickens with highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. at best a small delay in the onset of pyrexia and death was observed with one strain of fowl plague virus, but not with two other strains. these results demonstr ...	1995	7486955
choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurones in a prevertebral sympathetic ganglion, the inferior mesenteric ganglion.	using immunohistochemical techniques a small population of choline acetyltransferase (chat) immunoreactive (ir) neurones has been identified in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (img) of guinea pig (4.6% of all neurones), ferret (6.4%) and rat (0.4%). a detailed study in the guinea-pig img revealed that the vast majority of cholinergic neurones did not express tyrosine hydroxylase (th)-ir, indicating that they were non-catecholaminergic. the cholinergic neurones were significantly larger than the ...	1995	7490421
relaxation in ferret ventricular myocytes: role of the sarcolemmal ca atpase.	in ferret ventricular myocytes the rate of intracellular ca concentration [ca]i decline and relaxation is remarkably fast (compared with rabbit and rat) under conditions where both the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca uptake and na/ca exchange are inhibited. here we explore the possibility that this rapid [ca]i decline in ferret cells is attributable to the sarcolemmal ca atpase by using carboxyeosin (a potent inhibitor of the sarcolemmal ca-atpase). we compare the effects of carboxyeosin with those of ...	1995	7491284