Publications

plagiorchis noblei in aedes aegypti: cercarial age and infectivity.		1989	2746212
effects of weathering on fabrics treated with permethrin for protection against mosquitoes.	permethrin-impregnated and untreated fabrics were evaluated for their toxic and repellent effects against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti after both types of fabrics were subjected to accelerated weathering for 9 weeks, under a simulated wet/tropical environment. the toxic (knockdown) effect of permethrin-impregnated fabrics against both species of mosquitoes diminished rapidly after 1 week compared to the repellent effect. after 6 weeks of weathering, the remaining low amounts of permethr ...	1989	2568392
culicidae (diptera) mortality resulting from insecticide aerosols compared with mortality from droplets on sentinel cages.	the mortality of female aedes aegypti exposed to an ultralow-volume (ulv) aerosol for 15 min and then transferred to clean cages was compared to the mortality of females exposed to the contaminated sentinel exposure cages. ulv aerosol sprays of fenitrothion (50% ai) were dispersed at 180 and 205 ml/min, and ulv aerosol sprays of bendiocarb (18.87% ai) were dispersed at 90 and 120 ml/min in an open field. at 24 h after exposure, the mean percentage of mortality of ae. aegypti in cages previously ...	1989	2566687
more on recombination and selection in the modifier theory of sex-ratio distortion.	g. maffi and s.d. jayakar suggested a model for the two-locus control of sex determination in the mosquito aedes aegypti (1981, theor. pop. biol. 19, 19-36). this model was extended to multiple alleles and analyzed in mathematical detail by s. lessard (1987, theor. pop. biol. 31, 339-358). the model supposes that males are "mm" and females "mm" but the transmission from males is controlled by a second gene with alleles ai. we show that in addition to the equilibrium in which mai in females, mai ...	1989	2727954
reduced productivity in adult yellowfever mosquito (diptera: culicidae) populations.	male and female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes of the laboratory strain rock were irradiated with 130 mw of argon 514.5 nm laser microbeams for 0.04, 0.25, 0.4, and 0.5 s, respectively. egg production, percentage hatch, and productivity (average number of adults surviving after 3 wk) were used to assess mutagenic effects. mortality was high for males in all laser radiation groups and increased with time of exposure. except for the group treated for 0.25 s, significant reductions in total f1 proge ...	1989	2708628
efficacy of encapsulated lagenidium giganteum (oomycetes: lagenidiales) against culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti larvae in artificial containers.	presporangial mycelia of lagenidium giganteum cultured on sunflower seed extract were encapsulated in calcium alginate and added once (july 18) to outdoor (raleigh, nc) caged tires, wood and concrete containers populated with first instars of culex quinquefasciatus or aedes aegypti. first instars were added twice weekly (for 10 wk) to simulate natural oviposition. the fungus persisted for 10 wk and recycled in the mosquito larvae of both species. the overall reductions of cx. quinquefasciatus an ...	1990	2098480
genetic analysis of rock hole and domestic aedes aegypti on the caribbean island of anguilla.	genetic variation was characterized at 11 enzyme coding loci in aedes aegypti collected from 3 rock hole and 4 domestic sites on the island of anguilla, west indies. the pattern of gene frequency variation suggests that these mosquito samples do not constitute a single panmictic population, but there are no large consistent differences between rock hole and domestic forms to parallel the east african sylvan-domestic dichotomy. with the exception of one of the domestic populations, two loci did h ...	1990	2098468
culiseta minnesotae and further notes on aedes aegypti in rhode island.	culiseta minnesotae is reported as a state record in rhode island. follow-up surveys for aedes aegypti after its initial isolation in 1985 have failed to recover additional specimens.	1990	1983024
effects of sublethal dosages of abate upon adult fecundity and longevity of aedes aegypti.	sublethal concentrations of abate (temephos) were applied to f2 generation aedes aegypti larvae, and fecundity and longevity were recorded in the emerged adults. females exposed to abate oviposited only in the first 2 gonotrophic cycles, meanwhile control females laid a few eggs after taking the third blood meal. dosages of 0.009, 0.013 and 0.015 mg/liter of abate decreased the mean egg production per gonotrophic cycle 37, 47 and 69%, respectively, in relation to the control. females that were e ...	1990	1711574
electrochemical determination of diphenol oxidase activity using high-pressure liquid chromatography.	a quantitative assay for the diphenol oxidase activity of tyrosinase (ec 1.14.18.1) using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. the assay is based on the observation (m. sugumaran, 1986, biochemistry 25, 4489-4492) that tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid to 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. the substrate and product were readily separated on a reverse-phase column equilibrated with 0.1 m citrate buffer, ph 3.2, con ...	1990	2127163
a night-time role of the oviposition site of the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae).	experimental observations taken outdoors in trinidad are consistent with the assumption that the oviposition site is used by some gravid female aedes aegypti as a nocturnal resting site prior to their laying eggs in it the next morning: the morning wave of oviposition of the typically bimodal diel periodicity was missing whenever an oviposition site was closed throughout the previous night. the diel pattern of oviposition did not differ significantly in sites at, and four feet above, ground leve ...	1990	2256766
intradermal immunotherapy in children with severe skin inflammatory reactions to aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus mosquito bites.		1990	2242953
studies onbacillus thuringiensis h-14 strains isolated in egypt-i. screening for active strains.	screening for spore-forming bacteria to use against dipterous insects, namelymusca domestica, aedes aegypti andculex pipiens from egypt, led to two isolates, m1 and s128, being found which were highly toxic to bothaedes andculex strains. they had calculated international toxicity units (itu) valdes of 17,467 and 20,065 itu/mg, respectively, as compared with 15,000 itu/mg forbacillus thuringlensis h-14 ips-82 reference standard. they were taxonomically classilled asbacllus thuringlensis h-14. the ...	1990	24430070
mosquito oostatic factor: a novel decapeptide modulating trypsin-like enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut.	a peptide that inhibits egg development in mosquitoes (oostatic factor) has been purified from the ovaries of female aedes aegypti. the factor is a decapeptide with a molecular mass of 1047.6. the primary sequence has been determined as nh2-tyr-asp-pro-ala-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-pro-cooh from mass spectra recorded on a quadrupole fourier transform instrument. the amino acid sequence exhibits sequence correlation to mammalian, plant, and several viral proteins. injection of synthetic analogs into mo ...	1990	2394318
fecundity, metabolism, and body size in anopheles (diptera: culicidae), vectors of malaria.	in four anopheles species, an. albimanus, an. gambiae, an. stephensi, and an. quadrimaculatus say, total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate present at eclosion, after feeding on sucrose, and after extreme starvation were quantified to study the effect of teneral and maximal reserves on subsequent fecundity and to judge the extent of reserve mobilization and the minimal irreducible amounts required for survival. all parameters were regressed on body size, presented as the cubic value of wing length ...	1990	2231621
routine blood-feeding of aedes aegypti via a new membrane.		1990	2230787
attraction of mosquitoes to diethyl methylbenzamide and ethyl hexanediol.	studies by prior workers have shown that insect repellents can act as attractants when present as low concentrations, deposits or residues. in the present study deet and ethyl hexanediol were tested in 2-fold serial doses from 1.9 x 10(-9) to 1.6 x 10(-2) mg/cm2 on the forearms of volunteers against colonized anopheles albimanus, aedes aegypti and ae. taeniorhynchus. both compounds were significantly repellent at the high end of the dose range, as expected. neither was significantly attractant t ...	1990	2230775
differences in the larval alarm reaction in populations of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.	the time spent submerged during the larval alarm reaction was measured for several strains of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus from different locations. differences between the 2 species were not significant. differences in strains within the species were highly significant. greater differences were seen among strains of ae. albopictus than among strains of ae. aegypti. these differences represent an additional indication of extensive local differentiation in ae. albopictus.	1990	2230770
correlation of nutritional reserves with a critical weight for pupation in larval aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	the relationships between the readiness of fourth instar aedes aegypti to metamorphose and their weight, nutritional reserves and sex were examined. both the critical larval weight required for metamorphosis and the potential weight were influenced by the temperature at which the larvae were reared, and were greater for females than for males. caloric levels of soluble carbohydrates and soluble lipids correlated strongly with weight. the accumulations of both carbohydrates and lipids were sex-de ...	1990	2230767
resistance of permethrin to weathering in fabrics treated for protection against mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae).	two different methods of treating cotton and nylon-cotton fabrics with permethrin were evaluated for protection from mosquito bites after laboratory weathering. cotton fabric treated by the individual dynamic absorption method provided consistently better protection than cotton fabric treated by the aerosol method. the nylon-cotton fabric provided similar protection regardless of the treatment method. after weathering, the toxic effects of both types of permethrin-treated fabrics treated by both ...	1990	1974929
evaluation of the control of mosquitoes with insect growth regulators.	in this study, the effectiveness of eight insect growth regulators (igrs) (chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, el-494, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, juglone, plumbagin and methoprene) against five mosquito vectors (armigeres subalbatus, aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and culex quinquefasciatus) was investigated in the laboratory. the ec50s of chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, el-494, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, and methoprene against the five mosquitoes ranged from 0.0001 to 0 ...	1990	2402025
substitute blood meal for investigating and maintaining aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	a defined substitute blood meal has been developed for feeding aedes aegypti (l.), a mosquito that normally requires a vertebrate blood meal to produce eggs. this substitute blood meal is a simple mixture of proteins, with salts and adenosine triphosphate added to induce gorging. protein appears to be the only nutritional requirement. the mixture consists of gamma-globulins to initiate the hormonal responses necessary for normal egg development, hemoglobin as a visual marker of feeding, and albu ...	1990	2388248
comparative functional morphology of the mouth brushes of mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae).	structural and morphological features of the feeding brushes of fourth instars of four species of mosquitoes were studied using light and scanning electron microscopes. the fine structure of the elements of the lateral palatal brushes, anteromedian palatal brushes, mandibular brushes and combs, and maxillary brushes of each species was investigated and related to feeding behavior. the movement of the mouth brushes in living larvae was observed by stereomicroscopy under laboratory conditions. mou ...	1990	2388219
the effects of single exposures of aedes aegypti larvae and pupae to plagiorchis noblei cercariae in the laboratory.	the mortality of aedes aegypti pre-imagos harboring metacercariae of plagiorchis noblei park, 1936, is governed by the stage of development of the host at the time of infection and the location of the parasite in the insect body. first and second instar larvae generally succumbed to infection, regardless of site. infections of the head and thorax of third and fourth instar larvae were generally lethal or gave rise to imparied adults. however, older instars frequently survived abdominal infection ...	1990	2352060
insecticidal activity of carbosulfan (oms 3022) and pyraclofos (oms 3040) against mosquitoes.	carbosulfan (oms 3022), a carbamate and pyraclofos (oms 3040), an organophosphate were evaluated for their biological activity against vector mosquitoes, both in laboratory and field conditions. carbosulfan (25% ec), was found to be active against adults and immatures of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. the ld values for adults were 6.65, 5.19 and 8.35 micrograms/cm2 and lc 50values for immatures were 5.4 x 10(-5), 1.6 x 10(-4 and 5.4) x 10(-4) 50mg/1 respectively. ...	1990	1983012
studies on prophenoloxidase activation in the mosquito aedes aegypti l.	this study, the first of its kind in a mosquito vector species, demonstrates the feasibility of studying prophenoloxidase activation in an insect containing not more than a few microliters of hemolymph. mosquito phenoloxidase was found to be in an inactive proenzyme form, prophenoloxidase. mosquito prophenoloxidase required bivalent cation for its activation; ca2+ was found to be the most efficient for activation. concomitant amidase activity was also observed prior to phenoloxidase activity. th ...	1990	2110057
relative potency of lambdacyhalothrin and cypermethrin applied as thermal fogs for the control of houseflies (musca domestica) and mosquitos (aedes aegypti).	two highly active synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, lambdacyhalothrin and cypermethrin, were evaluated as thermal fogs against houseflies (musca domestica linnaeus) and mosquitos (aedes aegypti linnaeus). lambdacyhalothrin (oms 3021) showed an average of 2.5 times more knockdown activity and over 5 times more adulticidal activity than cypermethrin against musca domestica and aedes aegypti. these results demonstrate that lambdacyhalothrin is highly effective at very low rates as a thermal fog ag ...	1990	2402678
age dependence of salivary bacteriolytic activity in adult mosquitoes.	1. bacteriolytic activity in the salivary glands of adult aedes aegypti female mosquitoes starts from a low level upon emergence, increases 6-fold over the first 3 days, then levels off. 2. mosquitoes start sugar-feeding after 2 days, when lytic activity is one-half of the peak level. 3. bacteriolytic activity in salivary gland extracts is not influenced by removal of corpora allata.	1990	2390862
determination by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of mosquito (diptera: culicidae) bloodmeal size.	a method is described for using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) to quantify the amount of blood present in mosquitoes without killing insect. nirs is a nonconsumptive, instrumental method for fast, accurate, and precise evaluation of chemical composition of material with little or no preparation. the nirs method accurately predicted bloodmeal size and bloodmeal disappearance in aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. sierrensis (ludlow) mosquitoes.	1990	2299659
[evaluation of larvicide susceptibility of culicidae in french polynesia].	larval tests on 4th-stage aedes aegypti, aedes polynesiensis and culex quinquefasciatus of french polynesia, according to the who method, demonstrate susceptibility of these species to organophosphorous compounds and less susceptibility to insect growth regulators.	1990	1976447
anti-mosquito antibodies reduce the susceptibility of aedes aegypti to arbovirus infection.	aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes showed a significant reduction in susceptibility to infection with ross river virus and murray valley encephalitis virus when they were fed on a blood-virus mixture containing rabbit antibodies to mosquito midgut components. presence of the antibodies did not demonstrably affect virus titres in infected mosquitoes, nor the transmission of virus from infected mosquitoes to vertebrates.	1990	1966777
comparison of development of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus in mosquito larvae.	immunofluorescent staining was used with thin sections of paraffin-embedded specimens to detect the development of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus in the gut of mosquito larvae. the third- and fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles maculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus were fed either vegetative cells or spores of the bacteria. spore germination, multiplication, and sporulation were studied in the larvae of each species. the spores of b. thuringiensis va ...	1990	1969455
development of mutants of the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subspecies morrisoni (pg-14) toxic to lepidopterous or dipterous insects.	the parasporal body of the mosquitocidal isolate (pg-14) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (btm) contains five major proteins with molecular masses of, respectively, 27.3, 65, 128, 135, and 144 kda. proteins corresponding in mass to the first four of these also occur in the mosquitocidal strain, b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti), and it is thought therefore that the mosquitocidal activity of both strains is due to these four proteins. in other studies it has been shown that each ...	1990	1969828
[clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia, a new anaerobic bacterium pathogen to mosquito and blackfly larvae].	a strain of clostridium bifermentans individualized as serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) according to its specific h antigen is toxic to mosquito and blackfly larvae when given orally. the toxicity occurs in sporulated cells which contain, in addition to spores, proteinic parasporal inclusion bodies and feather-like appendages; the amino acid content of the inclusion bodies is similar to that of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b.t.i.) and b. sphaericus crystals. the toxicity to anopheles ste ...	1990	1972899
comparative organophosphorus insecticide susceptibility in caribbean populations of aedes aegypti and toxorhynchites moctezuma.	aedes aegypti larvae from antigua, jamaica, puerto rico, st. lucia, trinidad and union island and predatory larvae, toxorhynchites moctezuma, from trinidad were tested for susceptibility to temephos, malathion, fenthion, fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos. there was some organophosphorus resistance in all strains of ae. aegypti, in the approximate order: antigua greater than jamaica greater than puerto rico greater than st. lucia greater than trinidad greater than union island. toxorhynchites moctezu ...	1990	1973450
[the pathogens of taiwan mosquitoes--coelomomyces species].	a brief mention was made of the history of world studies on the coelomomyces fungi, the life cycle of the fungi, their importance as biological agents for mosquito control, and the known ecological information concerning the taiwan mosquitoes parasitized by the fungi. special accounts were made of the results of experiments infecting four mosquito species, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. triseriatus and tripteroides aranoides with coelomomyces stegomyiae var. chapmani, using the copepod, phyl ...	1990	1976138
fate of ingested immunoglobulin g in the mosquito aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).	the amount of bloodmeals ingested by aedes aegypti was estimated to be 3.00 +/- 1.05 mg (2.84 +/- 0.99 microliters) in average. the feeding time of a mosquito was not necessarily associated with the quantity of the bloodmeal. nevertheless, the number of egg laid after bloodfeeding was apparently dependent on the volume of ingested bloodmeals. the change of immunoglobulin g (igg) in the ingested bloodmeals of aedes aegypti was also evaluated by elisa. to detect the survival of ingested igg, 5-day ...	1990	1979823
development of mansonella perstans in the surrogate vector aedes aegypti.	the biology of the human filaria mansonella perstans has been poorly studied due in part to the lack of experimental animal models in which its life-cycle could be reproduced. in nature culicodes spp. (and probably simuliids) are the vectors involved in disease transmission. in the present work aedes aegypti black-eyed strain was experimentally infected with m. perstans microfilariae by intrathoracic inoculation of 8 to 15 parasites contained in 0.4-0.6 microliters of rpmi 1640. concentration of ...	1990	2075386
[comparative study of dengue 2 virus replication and isoenzymes in two strains of aedes aegypti].	this study, dealing with two strains of aedes aegypti from vietnam and french guiana, shows the variability of the genes coding for 11 isoenzymatic systems and the replication of the dengue 2 virus in parenterally infected mosquitoes. slight differences are observed in the characteristics of viral replication. no clear correlation is shown with enzymatic patterns which appear widely different from one strain to the other with four of the enzymes studied.	1990	2085909
activation of a cryptic crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki by gene fusion and determination of the crystal protein insecticidal specificity.	dna hybridization with the insecticidal crystal protein gene crylla (formerly crybl) of bacillus thuringiensis supspecies kurstaki has shown that subspecies kurstaki contains a crylla-related sequence in addition to the crylla gene (donovan et al., 1988a). we have cloned the crylla-related sequence and have determined that the sequence, which has been designated cryllb, is 89% identical to the crylla gene. recombinant b. thuringiensis cells harbouring the cloned cryllb gene produced very little ...	1990	2089222
[analysis of the surveillance system of larval traps in the municipality of mariel (1984-1987)].	an analysis is done of the species of culicides captured by the surveillance system of aedes aegypti, with larvitraps, at the mariel municipality, during 1984-1987 period. the study shows an increased presence of aedes mediovittatus in the system of larvitraps during the working period, demonstrating it the usefulness of sing larvitraps in the surveillance programmes of dengue in order to detect other species besides aedes aegypti.	1990	2089508
virulence of entomogenous fungus metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae to aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae.		1990	2091906
development & evaluation of controlled release formulations of depa, an insect repellent.	three controlled release formulations of the insect repellent depa (n, n-diethyl phenylacetamide), depa-a, depa-b and depa-c have been developed and tested on human subjects against aedes aegypti adult mosquitoes for repellency and the results were compared to those of a solution of depa (depa-0). the increase in the protection time of the formulations, as compared to depa-0 was compared. depa-b was found to be effective with a protection time of 7.13 and 6.15 h and percentage increase in protec ...	1990	2091992
[changes in the susceptibility of the recipient aedes aegypti to brugia pahangi after passive transfer of haemolymph].	observations were carried out on the changes in the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (refm) to brugia pahangi after receiving haemolymph from both refractory (reprr) and susceptible (refm) aedes aegypti that were previously inoculated with microfilariae plus tc199 (tissue culture 199) or tc199 respectively. the melanization rates of microfilariae in the recipient mosquitoes were determined by dissecting the mosquitoes on day 3, 4 and 5 after haemolymph transfer. in the recipients receiving haemol ...	1990	2099252
[a study on transovarial transmission of dengue type 1 virus in aedes aegypti].	the main purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of transovarial transmission of dengue type 1 virus, which was isolated from the serum of a patient with dengue fever during the 1987 dengue epidemic in southern taiwan, in aedes aegypti of kaohsiung strain (kh). parent female mosquitoes were inoculated with dengue 1 virus by intrathoracic inoculation technique. the f1 offspring adults collected from three sequential ovarian cycles were pooled to become 51, 13 and 14 pools, respectiv ...	1990	2100728
[methods for evaluating aedes aegypti populations and insecticide treatment in a town of trinidad, west indies].	a. aegypti populations in four neighborhoods of flanigan town, trinidad, were evaluated for 32 weeks by means of egg-laying traps, capture with human bait, and larva searches. the egg-laying traps were more effective for evaluating the mosquito population (p less than 0.001) than capture with human bait or larva searches. during weeks 12 to 15, treatments were applied using different combinations of insecticides and spraying strategies: focal and perifocal (fpfs), house (hs), and ultra-low volum ...	1990	2149637
toxicity of protease-resistant domains from the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti bioassays.	the mosquitocidal glycoprotein endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was digested with chymotrypsin to yield protease-resistant domains which were then separated from smaller protease digestion products by high-performance liquid chromatography. once purified, the domains no longer bound wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin which binds n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and glcnac oligomers. purified protease-resistant domains were as toxic for culex quinquefasciatus larvae as intact solub ...	1990	2155575
effect of environmental temperature on the vector competence of aedes aegypti and ae. taeniorhynchus for ockelbo virus.	studies were conducted to determine the effect of environmental temperature on the ability of aedes aegypti and ae. taeniorhynchus to transmit ockelbo (ock) virus. temperatures tested were 10 degrees c, 17 degrees c, 24 degrees c, and a cyclic (10-24 degrees c, mean = 17 degrees c) regimen designed to mimic continuously temperatures to which a mosquito might be exposed in july and august in central sweden. both species were highly susceptible to oral infection, with no consistent association bet ...	1990	2173434
molecular cloning of the 130-kilodalton mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in bacillus sphaericus.	a 3.7-kilobase (kb) xbai fragment harboring the cryivb gene (l. thorne, f. garduno, t. thompson, d. decker, m. a. zounes, m. wild, a. m. walfield, and t. j. pollock, j. bacteriol. 166:801-811, 1986) which encoded a 130-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal toxin from a 110-kb plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 4q2-72 was cloned into puc12 and transformed into escherichia coli. the clone with a recombinant plasmid (designated pbt8) was toxic to aedes aegypti larvae. the fragment (3.7 k ...	1990	2200339
[study on the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in the south pacific].	in the course of a dengue outbreak, 765 larvae and 20 pupae were collected in noumea and in wallis island around patients premises, to investigate a possible natural infection. on 15 pools made of 335 aedes aegypti larvae and pupae, 3 appeared to be infected. dengue virus type 1 was the only serotype identified. minimum infection rate reached 1: 112. in new caledonia, the local strains of aedes aegypti can insure the survival of dengue 1 virus between outbreaks, due to a vertical infection of th ...	1990	2208461
[the presence of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus in the fiji islands].	an entomological survey conducted at the international airports of the fiji islands showed aedes albopictus breeding in the protective area of nadi airport. no aedes aegypti nor anopheles accidentally imported have been seen during the visit. aedes vexans, a. pseudoscutellaris, a. burnetti, a. vigilax, culex annulirostris, c. quinquefasciatus and a species of the pipiens complex have been collected incidentally out of airport areas. due to the presence of aedes albopictus, a new and important ep ...	1990	2208470
brugia malayi and brugia pahangi: transmission blocking activity of ivermectin and brugian filarial infections in aedes aegypti.	brugia malayi- or brugia pahangi-infected, microfilaremic jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were treated with ivermectin at a single dose of 200 micrograms/kg body weight, administered subcutaneously. after different time intervals, aedes aegypti mosquitoes were fed on treated or untreated jirds. sausage stage, l2, and l3 larvae failed to develop in mosquitoes that fed on jirds from 15 to 30 days post-treatment. after 1 month, the numbers of l3 larvae recovered from mosquitoes fed on treated b. paha ...	1990	2209785
mortality and infertility in adult mosquitoes after the ingestion of blood containing ivermectin.	mosquitoes of 3 species (aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus) were fed on human blood containing various concentrations of ivermectin. three effects (death, decreased egg production, and reduced egg hatching) were observed in the insects, depending upon the concentration of ivermectin ingested. the ld50 of ivermectin in human blood for the 3 mosquito species was estimated to be 126, 208, and 698 ng/ml, respectively. mosquitoes dying after ingestion of ivermectin developed s ...	1990	2221216
variation among strains of aedes aegypti in susceptibility to oral infection with dengue virus type 2.	we compared 18 aedes aegypti strains for oral susceptibility to dengue virus type 2 (den-2) using a feeding protocol in which all parameters remained constant, including the titer of the infectious bloodmeal. for most strains, no significant variation between replicates was observed. comparisons between pairs of strains showed variation of different degrees, and allowed us to characterize the strains with respect to their oral susceptibility to den-2.	1990	2221225
dirofilaria immitis: effect on hemolymph polypeptide synthesis in aedes aegypti during melanotic encapsulation reactions against microfilariae.	[35s]methionine-labeled hemolymph polypeptides from adult, female aedes aegypti liverpool strain mosquitoes inoculated with the microfilariae of the filarial nematode dirofilaria immitis were compared with those from saline-inoculated and uninoculated controls by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) followed by fluorography. sds-page analysis of cell-free hemolymph collected via perfusion at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postinoculation (pi) detected the enhanced e ...	1990	2226702
apparent influence of the stage of blood meal digestion on the efficacy of ground applied ulv aerosols for the control of urban culex mosquitoes. ii. laboratory evidence.	the susceptibility of adult culex pipiens s.l., culiseta melanura and aedes aegypti to insecticide aerosols in wind tunnel exposures varied with time, depending on the stage of blood meal digestion. greater than 2-fold differences were observed in the concentrations of malathion and synergized resmethrin required to kill test mosquitoes, depending on whether they had been given a blood meal and, if they had, the length of time following the blood meal. the period of lowest susceptibility varied ...	1990	2230763
mosquito attraction to substances from the skin of different humans.	mosquito attraction responses to substances collected from human skin and placed on glass petri dishes were studied. mosquito response varied according to the source of the substance. substances removed from the head and hands elicited the greatest attraction response in laboratory-reared mosquitoes. mosquito response lasted up to 6 h when the substance was aged and was increased by warming the samples from ca. 25 degrees c to 37 degrees c. of the 12 mosquito species studied, attraction response ...	1990	2230769
baseline data on aedes aegypti populations in santo domingo, dominican republic.	baseline field studies were conducted from april 1987 to july 1988 on aedes aegypti in santo domingo, an endemic area for dengue fever. premise, container and breteau indices were measured in one treated area and 2 nearby control areas. these indices averaged 69.6, 46.3 and 142.1, respectively. the principal larval habitats of ae. aegypti were 208-liter (55-gal) concrete-lined drums. the estimated daily adult production was approximately 60 per house. adult mosquito populations were monitored us ...	1990	2230783
increased abundance, size, and longevity of food-deprived mosquito populations exposed to a fungal larvicide.	to determine whether the quantity of food available to mosquitoes in their aquatic environment limits the effectiveness of microbial pathogens as biological control agents, experimentally well-nourished and malnourished larval aedes aegypti (linn.) were exposed to graded inocula of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae. first instar larvae were provided access either to 3 or to 5 mg of food, and lots from each food regimen were inoculated with 20, 40, 60, or 80 micrograms of fungal ...	1990	2240376
the fate of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in b. thuringiensis var. israelensis-killed pupae of aedes aegypti.	carcasses of mosquito larvae killed by bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis allow its complete growth cycle (germination, vegetative growth, and sporulation), thus becoming toxic themselves to scavenging larvae. in this study, we demonstrate that the bacterium is capable of inducing death of aedes aegypti pupae and of recycling in the resulting carcasses. b. thuringiensis var. israelensis-killed pupae were obtained by treating 40-hr-old synchronized fourth instar larvae with a low dose of spo ...	1990	2250101
larvicidal activity of blastospores and conidiospores of beauveria bassiana (strain gk 2016) against age groups of aedes aegypti.	laboratory bioassays of two development stages, blastospores (bs) and conidiospores (cs) of beauveria bassiana (strain gk 2016) against aedes aegypti larvae were conducted at 27 degrees c. in study 1, against 24 h post-hatched larvae, both bs and cs stages showed significant difference in their respective larvicidal efficacy over the control (p less than 0.0001). larval mortality between 24 and 96 h post-exposure was significantly higher than any other time period investigated. significantly hig ...	1990	2251749
role of insects as inhalant allergens in bronchial asthma with special reference to the clinical characteristics of patients.	the whole body extracts (wbes) of 13 common insects from delhi, namely musca domestica (house fly); sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil); callosobrochous maculatus (pulse beetle); anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (mosquitoes); blattella germanica and periplaneta americana (cockroaches: male, female and nymph); spodoptera litura and heliothis armigera (moths), were prepared to evaluate their allergenic significance in patients with allergic bronchial asthma. intradermal (i ...	1990	2253082
[further comment on the role of sugars for the successful infection of blood-sucking diptera by protozoa that are the causative agents of human diseases].	possible reasons of a successful development of plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti, which were not given sugar feeding, are analysed. such reasons are assumed to be high contents of sugars (up to 200 mg/% in the blood of chickens-donors) and retention of sugar in the crop of mosquitoes, which were fed from a tampon, in control.	1990	2259528
transmission of mycobacterium leprae from lepromatous leprosy patients to the skin of mice through intermittent feeding.	batches of hungry aedes aegypti mosquitoes which partially sucked blood from the skin lesions of proved untreated lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients were allowed immediately to feed on a portion of the skin of a cleanly shaved swiss mouse. the portion of the skin was cut, homogenized on the same day and extracted with chloroform. out of 10 extracts, stained for acid fast bacilli (afb), mycobacterium leprae were demonstrated in eight, indicating transfer of bacilli mechanically to the biting spot ...	1990	2260204
the susceptibility of five laboratory colonies of mosquitoes to the human nematode wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold).	laboratory colonies of anopheles gambiae, an. arabiensis, an. merus, an. quadriannulatus and aedes aegypti formosus were artificially fed on blood containing microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. the anopheline colonies all supported parasite development to the infective stage, with an. quadriannulatus being the most heavily infected. the parasite did not develop at all in the ae. aegypti formosus colony.	1990	2260902
small heat shock proteins distinguish between two mosquito species and confirm identity of their cell lines.	we have adapted aedes aegypti cells to eagle's minimal medium containing nonessential amino acids, glutamine, and 5% fetal bovine serum. in this medium, cells maintained at 28 degrees c under a 5% co2 atmosphere had a doubling time of 42 hr. ninety-three percent of the cells in a typical population contained 6 full-size chromosomes and an apparent chromosome fragment. ae. aegypti cells could be distinguished from ae. albopictus cells by the sizes of the small heat shock proteins, whose synthesis ...	1990	2267971
high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of hemolymph plasma catecholamines in immune-reactive aedes aegypti.	tyrosine and catecholamines have been implicated as substrates for the encapsulation reactions involved in the immune response of mosquitoes to microfilariae (mff). identification and quantitation of tyrosine and catecholamines present in aedes aegypti hemolymph plasma were accomplished by ion-pair high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection at either +650 or +850 mv vs ag/agcl. tyrosine, dopamine, and n-beta-alanyldopamine were detected in the hemolymph plasma of naive a. ...	1990	2273291
characterization of the bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from taiwan.	over 100 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates which produced phase bright inclusions have been isolated from soil samples from different areas in taiwan. three types of crystal proteins were visualized by phase contrast microscopy. among these isolates, only 14 different types of plasmid profiles have been observed. they all possess a variety of plasmids ranging from a few kb to around 250 kb in size. with respect to the crystal protein profiles, the plasmid profiles, and the shapes of crystal p ...	1990	2274596
dengue 3 virus infection of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti: comparison of parent and progeny candidate vaccine viruses.	den-3 parent (strain ch53489) and progeny candidate vaccine (clone 24/28) viruses were compared in their abilities to interact with aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. the parent and progeny virus were equivalent in their ability to infect, to replicate in, and to be transmitted by both species of mosquitoes. the candidate vaccine den-3 clone was temperature sensitive and had small plaque morphology. these phenotypic markers remained stable during mosquito passage. thus, temperature sensitivity an ...	1990	2301711
transfer of the toxin protein genes of bacillus sphaericus into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and their expression.	the genes encoding the toxic determinants of bacillus sphaericus have been expressed in a nontoxic and a toxic strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. in both cases, the b. sphaericus toxin proteins were produced at a high level during sporulation of b. thuringiensis and accumulated as crystalline structures. b. thuringiensis transformants expressing b. sphaericus and b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins did not show a significant enhancement of toxicity against aedes aegypti, ...	1990	2306087
immune competence of aedes trivittatus hemocytes as assessed by lectin binding.	hemocytes were perfused from uninoculated, saline-inoculated, and dirofilaria immitis microfilariae-inoculated aedes trivittatus and assessed for their capacity to bind wheat germ agglutinin (wga). approximately one-fourth of perfused hemocytes were wga positive in all groups of mosquitoes at all time periods tested. results suggest a. trivittatus has a larger inherent population of immune-competent hemocytes as compared with aedes aegypti and, therefore, is faster and more effective in killing ...	1990	2319432
comparison of ground and aerial ultra-low volume applications of malathion against aedes aegypti in santo domingo, dominican republic.	efficacy of ground and aerial ultra-low volume (ulv) applications of 91% malathion at 438 ml/ha against aedes aegypti in the dominican republic was evaluated using indoor collections, oviposition trapping and adult sentinel mortality rates. ground compared to aerial ulv applications in this study were found to have a greater effect on ae. aegypti when measured by the described sampling techniques. neither application method provided the level of ae. aegypti suppression believed necessary for con ...	1990	2324712
aedes aegypti surveillance in tobago, west indies (1983-88).	during 1983-88 aedes aegypti were collected using larval surveys and ovitraps in tobago, w.i. the main artificial containers used by ae. aegypti were drums (35.4%) and small miscellaneous containers (23.4%). from a total of 15,600 ovitraps exposed, 183 ovitraps (1.3%) were positive, with 25 containing ae. aegypti eggs and 158 with haemagogus equinus eggs. no aedes albopictus eggs were detected in tobago during this study.	1990	2324721
transmission of plasmodium gallinaceum by adult aedes aegypti infected as larvae.	transmission of plasmodium gallinaceum to chickens by adult mosquitoes eclosed from larvae that consumed infected adult mosquitoes was investigated. no malarial infections were observed in chicks fed on by mosquitoes that eclosed from larvae that had consumed crushed infected adult mosquitoes. where cadavers with noncrushed thoraces were used, 3 of 4 chicks fed on by adult mosquitoes developed parasitemias ranging from 6 to 11% infected erythrocytes.	1990	2324722
incidence and diel pattern of oviposition outdoors of the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in trinidad, w.i. in relation to solar aspect.	the incidence and diel patterns of oviposition of domestic aedes aegypti in trinidad, west indies during the middle of the wet season (july and august) was compared, using modified ovitraps, in unshaded peridomestic outdoor sites facing east or west. sites close to each other along a transect differed greatly in the total eggs they received, 18.2% of sites receiving 50.6% of the eggs. sites receiving most eggs were close to other breeding sites. the incidence of oviposition in sites facing west, ...	1990	2331177
diel patterns of oviposition indoors of the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in trinidad, w.i.: a preliminary study.	diel patterns of oviposition of domestic aedes aegypti were monitored early in the dry season in two situations indoors in trinidad, west indies. in kitchens, a large, well defined peak of oviposition (comprising more than 56% of eggs laid) occurred two to four hours before sunset and a smaller peak (about 16% of eggs laid) occurred within the two hours after sunrise. in living rooms, the afternoon peak was better defined and larger (more than 86% of eggs laid) and occurred later, within the two ...	1990	2331178
susceptibility of anopheles quadrimaculatus (diptera: culicidae) to subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi (nematoda: filarioidea) adapted to nude mice and jirds.	anopheles quadrimaculatus and aedes aegypti (black-eyed liverpool strain) were fed on jirds and nude mice (jird-jird infection, jird-mouse infection, and mouse-jird infection) infected with subperiodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi. microfilariae of b. malayi from jird-mouse and mouse-jird infections developed normally in an. quadrimaculatus, whereas those from jird-jird infections did not develop. microfilariae of both species from jirds and nude mice developed normally in ae. aegypti and those ...	1990	2332882
[distribution pattern of dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in peripheral blood of a dog and their intake by mosquitoes].	experiments were made in which aedes aegypti mosquitoes fed on a dog infected with dirofilaria immitis, in order to determine the distribution pattern of microfilariae (mf) in the dog's periphery blood and the number of mf taken by the mosquitoes. mosquitoes fed on an anesthetized dog at some 50 shaved skin spots and they were weighed immediately before and after feeding. this enabled us to examine not only the mf number taken by each mosquito but also the mf intake density in terms of mf number ...	1990	2333443
anti-tick antibodies: an epidemiologic tool in lyme disease research.	in 1988, antibodies to arthropod (ixodes dammini, dermacentor variabilis, and aedes aegypti) salivary gland proteins and to borrelia burgdorferi were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 53 high-risk outdoor workers from the new jersey department of environmental protection. lyme disease seropositives had significantly higher anti-i. dammini antibody levels than seronegative controls (p = 0.006). anti-b. burgdorferi antibody (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and anti-i. dammini ant ...	1990	2356814
a survey on indoor resting mosquito species in phnom penh, kampuchea.	indoor resting mosquitoes were collected in 7 localities (250 houses) of phnom penh at various periods. the mosquitoes were collected for 8 min in every house by means of an aspirator and net. a total of 16 species of mosquitoes resting in houses were found, one of them for the first time in kampuchea. culex quinquefasciatus was the predominant species in 6 of the localities observed; its predominance in houses was more or less evident; aedes aegypti prevailed in one locality. the percentage of ...	1990	2370029
structure of the aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae) populations in the houses of phnom penh (kampuchea).	sex ratio and engorged females ratio were studied in the main mosquito species populations (aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus and partially anopheles vagus) in the houses of phnom penh. collections were carried out in 7 different localities, including area from the centre of the town to the periphery. in ae. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus populations females were dominant in 5 localities, while males were dominant in 2 localities. engorged females were predominant over unfed ones in all cas ...	1990	2370030
effect of gamma irradiation on the hemocyte-mediated immune response of aedes aegypti against microfilariae.	the effect of gamma irradiation on the melanotic encapsulation response of aedes aegypti black eye liverpool strain against inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 days postinoculation (pi). mosquitoes received 6000 rad from a 137cs source (shepard mark i irradiator) at 3 days postemergence and were inoculated with 15-20 mff 24 hr later. these mosquitoes were compared to nonirradiated controls that also were inoculated with 15-20 mff at 3 days postemerge ...	1990	2376661
applicability of presence-absence and sequential sampling for ovitrap surveillance of aedes (diptera: culicidae) in chiang mai, northern thailand.	applicability of presence or absence sampling for ovitrap surveillance of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) was examined for data collected in chiang mai, northern thailand. distribution of eggs per trap was contagious but did not fit the negative binomial distribution with a common k. the relationship between the mean number of eggs per trap and the proportion of positive traps was described using gerrard & chiang's model, which does not assume particular distribution patterns. us ...	1990	2388225
[preliminary study on the biological control of dengue vectors by fish in liouchyou prefecture, pingtung county, taiwan].	an investigation made in may 1989 with questionnaires to 2,480 families in liouchyou prefecture, pingtung county, showed that there were about 6,533 water containers in the whole village, of which 49.83% were used to store water for drinking, and the remaining 50.17% were used for washing clothes and watering plants. 32.42% of the residents volunteered to rear fish in the family water containers to control the mosquito population. during the period from april to october 1989, there was a total a ...	1990	2402027
expression and secretion of a functional scorpion insecticidal toxin in cultured mouse cells.	we have expressed a synthetic gene encoding the insecticidal neurotoxin of scorpion androctonus australis (aait) in nih/3t3 mouse fibroblast cells under the transcriptional control of a murine retroviral long terminal repeat. the secretion of the toxin into the culture medium was directed by the signal peptide of human interleukin-2. the recombinant aait produced was selectively toxic to yellow-fever mosquito larvae and harmless to mice.	1990	1366462
[experimental research on the effect of biologically active substances on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to the causative agent of malaria. 3. algae, fertilizers].	on a model pair aedes aegypti--plasmodium gallinaceum in has been shown that changes in the conditions of larvae development caused by the addition into the water medium of the live culture of synochocystis sp. cyanobacteria or green seaweeds chlorella vulgaris, acetone extracts from the live culture precipitate or chlorella powder, as well as nitrogen-containing fertilizer--ammonium chloride did not lower the sensitivity of the imago flying to malaria parasites. the results of the experiments a ...	1991	1648659
genetic selection of a flavivirus-refractory strain of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti.	two inbred (isofemale) aedes aegypti mosquito lines were derived that manifested a resistant or susceptible phenotype following ingestion of yellow fever virus; lack of virus movement from the midgut defined the resistant phenotype. other flaviviruses, including dengue 1-4, uganda s, and zika, viruses behaved in a similar fashion in the two mosquito lines. crosses between the two lines produced progeny that were of intermediate susceptibility, indicating codominance; f2 backcrosses to the parent ...	1991	1659238
in vitro development of brugia pahangi and brugia malayi in cultured mosquito thoraces.	in vitro cultivation of brugia pahangi and subperiodic brugia malayi one-day old larvae to infective stage larvae (l3) within thoraces excised from aedes aegypti (black eye, liverpool) and anopheles quadrimaculatus was attempted. the mosquito thoraces were excised under aseptic conditions, 24 h after a blood meal on either b. pahangi- or b. malayi-infected jirds. the excised thoraces were washed aseptically and inoculated into a diphasic media. a nutrient agar base was overlaid with either grace ...	1991	1671619
deletion by in vivo recombination shows that the 28-kilodalton cytolytic polypeptide from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is not essential for mosquitocidal activity.	the cyta gene encoding the 28-kda polypeptide of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals was disrupted in the 72-mda resident plasmid by in vivo recombination, thus indicating that homologous recombination occurs in b. thuringiensis. the absence of the 28-kda protein in b. thuringiensis did not affect the crystallization of the other toxic components of the parasporal body (68-, 125-, and 135-kda polypeptides). the absence of the 28-kda protein abolished the hemolytic activity of b. t ...	1991	1675212
[the specific nature of the irritability to fenitrothion and malathion in blood-sucking mosquitoes].	several populations of malaria mosquitos were previously discovered to have different irritability to two insecticides of the organophosphorous group, such as fenitrothion and malathion. individual comparison of fenitrothion and malathion irritability levels in laboratory colonies of anopheles stephensi, an. atroparvus, culex pipiens, aedes aegypti, and ae. togoi and in the natural population of an. martinius has shown that irritability to the two chemicals is specific in all the six species. th ...	1991	1676826
metabolites of fungi & actinomycetes active against mosquito larvae.	extracellular secondary metabolites from 350 fungi and 94 actinomycetes were screened for larvicidal activity against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. of them, 133 fungal metabolites and 35 from actinomycetes were active. two from streptomyces sp. and one from paecilomyces sp. were highly active with lc50 value of 1-3 microliters/ml. the metabolites were more toxic to c. quinquefasciatus than to a. stephensi or ae. aegypti larvae.	1991	1677347
comparison of four membranes for artificially bloodfeeding mosquitoes.	four species of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus, culex pipiens and cx. tarsalis, were allowed access to defibrinated rabbit blood via 4 different membranes and a standard membrane feeder. natural animal skins (mouse or quail) were the most effective. more than 50% of the aedes mosquitoes fed within 5 min and approximately 90% fed within 20 min on either mouse or quail skin. culex species fed best on quail skin, but the difference in feeding on quail skin and sheep intestine was not si ...	1991	1680153
the fate of hepatozoon species naturally infecting florida black racers and watersnakes in potential mosquito and soft tick vectors, and histological evidence of pathogenicity in unnatural host species.	haemogregarine parasites, derived from the florida snakes coluber constrictor and nerodia fasciata and ingested by aedes aegypti, completed sporogony within the hemocoeles of nearly all fed mosquitoes in 14-18 days, and produced oocysts typical of hepatozoon. however, mortalities and morbidity were high in the culex which had fed on the coluber. oocysts were not found in any ornithodoros turicata (argasidae) which fed upon either snake host, but many sections of fed ticks had gametocyte-like cel ...	1991	1683862
insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti from santo domingo, dominican republic.	the insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti adults and larvae from santo domingo, dominican republic, was investigated using world health organization standard procedures. a field strain was more resistant to insecticides than a colony strain that originated from the same place. larvae produced from ovitrap-collected eggs were resistant to temephos (78.2% mortality on exposure to 0.025 mg/liter). mortality rates after exposure of adults to discriminating concentrations showed that wild popul ...	1991	1710652
susceptibility of aedes aegypti larvae to temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis in integrated control.	the susceptibility of field collected aedes aegypti larvae was evaluated in terms of median lethal time (lt50) and final mortality, when treated with temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis as well as mixtures of these two agents. third instar larvae were shown to be more susceptible than early and late fourth instar ones to the entomopathogen. survival of some individuals when exposed to temephos suggest possible resistance. temporal synergism in early fourth instar larvae was detected ...	1991	1726480
a program for prevention and control of epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in puerto rico and the u.s. virgin islands.	the ongoing resurgence of aedes aegypti in the americas--abetted by poor mosquito control, urbanization, and increased air travel--has led to dengue hyperendemicity, more frequent dengue epidemics, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf). this article describes a program developed to cope with this situation that emphasizes disease prevention rather than general mosquito control measures.	1991	1742570
pathogenicity of spiroplasma taiwanense for larval aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	helical replicative forms, but not the persistent non-replicative forms, of spiroplasma taiwanense abalain-colloc et al. (isolated from the mosquito anopheles sinensis wiedemann in taiwan) were shown to reduce significantly the survival of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito larvae reared in 10 ml of water with 0.3 ml of s.taiwanense suspensions added on days 0 and 3. the suspensions contained, respectively, helical forms at a concentration of 10(9) colour change units (ccu)/ml and persistent forms at 1 ...	1991	1768913
cytotoxicity of a cloned bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cryivb toxin to an aedes aegypti cell line.	a cloned cryivb toxin was purified from a cured strain of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) containing the cryivb gene on the recombinant plasmid cam135. solubilized protoxin was treated with aedes gut extract or trypsin for varying times and tested for toxicity in vitro on three dipteran and one lepidopteran cell line. treatment with the aedes extract but not trypsin, produced an active toxin which lysed only aedes aegypti cells out of those tested. this activation was time-dependent reaching a maxim ...	1991	1769533
effect of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine on the migration of brugia pahangi microfilariae into the haemocoel of aedes aegypti.	two strains of aedes aegypti (l.), differing in their susceptibility to brugia pahangi (buckley & edeson), were examined with regard to the effect on the proportion of microfilariae migrating from the mid-gut, of specific carbohydrate supplements in the infecting bloodmeal. n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac), a sugar also present on the microfilarial sheath, significantly increased the migration rate. this enhancement is greater for the refractory strain of ae.aegypti. the use of sucrose as a contr ...	1991	1773126
metabolic labeling of dirofilaria immitis third- and fourth-stage larvae and their excretory-secretory products.	infective third-stage larvae of dirofilaria immitis were collected from aedes aegypti and cultured in vitro to the fourth stage. larval proteins were labeled metabolically using [35s]cysteine and methionine in different media and for different lengths of time. labeled proteins in the excretory-secretory component and the larval homogenates were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions and by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis ...	1991	1779301