Publications

binding and repression of translation of the cognate mrna by trichinella spiralis thymidylate synthase differ from the corresponding interactions of the human enzyme.	thymidylate synthase (ts) of trichinella spiralis, a parasitic nematode causing trichinellosis, was found to bind its own mrna and repress translation of the latter, similar to its human counter-part [chu, koeller, casey, drake, chabner, elwood, zinn and allegra (1991) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 88, 8977-8981]. however, in striking contrast with human ts, the parasite enzyme's interaction with mrna was not affected by any of the substrate (deoxyuridylate or n(5,10)-methylenetetrahydrofolate) ...	2005	15882146
will corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents be effective for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome?	irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is one of several functional gastrointestinal disorders commonly encountered in both the clinical setting and the general population. the biopsychosocial model is currently believed to be a more complete explanatory mechanism of ibs symptom genesis and propagation. gut inflammation and immune activation is one of the biological mechanisms for which evidence is emerging. experimental parasitic infection of mice bowel resulted in elevated substance p levels and incre ...	2005	15893125
contrasting effects of acute and chronic gastro-intestinal helminth infections on a heterologous immune response in a transgenic adoptive transfer model.	we have previously found that co-immunisation with ovalbumin (ova) and the body fluid of the helminth ascaris suum inhibited an ova-specific delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) response by reducing ova-specific cd4+ t lymphocyte proliferation via an il-4 independent mechanism. in the present study, we determined whether parasite infections themselves could induce similar changes to peripheral immunisation by examining the modulation of ova-specific immune responses during acute and chronic helmi ...	2005	15893319
establishment and characterization of continuous hematopoietic progenitors-derived pig normal mast cell lines.	mast cells (mcs) are tissue resident, hematopoietic stem cells-derived elements, distributed throughout the body. they are the pivotal mediating cells of allergic reactions. in addition, in mice, mcs play a critical role in the defense against several pathogens, such as bacteria, parasites and viruses. whereas the biology of rodent and human mcs has been extensively studied using in vitro derived populations, the role of mcs in pigs has not yet been evaluated, given the very low availability of ...	2005	15896811
endogenous morphine and parasitic helminthes.	the current paper summarizes the findings on endogenous morphine isolated by hplc and characterized by mass spectroscopy in schistosoma mansoni, dracunculus medinensis and ascaris suum. morphine-6-glucuronide (m6g) has also been found by hplc and confirmed by mass spectroscopy in dracunculus medinensis and ascaris suum. in addition, a morphine like substance has been isolated from trichinella spiralis by hplc and mice infected with trichinella spiralis show a naloxone reversible analgesia. we di ...	2005	15917729
[trichinosis infection--increasing again in eastern europe and balkan].		2005	15921107
intestinal establishment and reproduction of adult trichinella spp. in single and mixed species infections in foxes (vulpes vulpes).	intestinal establishment and reproduction of adult trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi and trichinella pseudospiralis were examined as single species or mixed species infections in foxes. this is the first study of intestinal dynamics of trichinella spp. in a carnivore model and the results suggest that the intestinal phase is relatively short as only very few worms were recovered 10 days post-inoculation (dpi). in mixed species infection with equal doses of t. nativa a ...	2005	15925724
studies on vertical transmission of trichinella spp. in experimentally infected ferrets (mustela putorius furo), foxes (vulpes vulpes), pigs, guinea pigs and mice.	vertical transmission of trichinella spiralis was evaluated in ferrets (n=21), foxes (n=11), pigs (n=12), guinea pigs (n=16), and mice (n=41). the placental barrier to be crossed by migratory trichinella larvae varies structurally in different animal species. ferrets and foxes have an endotheliochorial placenta structure, guinea pigs and mice a haemochorial, and pigs an epitheliochorial placenta. the non-encapsulating trichinella pseudospiralis larvae have an extended muscle migration prior to e ...	2005	15925725
molecular cloning and functional expression of enolase from trichinella spiralis.	the cdna library was constructed from muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis, and immunoscreened with sera from mice infected with t. spiralis. a cdna clone, designated as tseno, encoded 2-phospho-d-glycerate hydro-lyase (enolase) that catalyzed a reversible conversion of 2-phospho-d-glyceric acid (2pga) to phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) in the glycolytic pathway. the recombinant tseno protein was produced in an escherichia coli expression system. the recombinant full-length tseno protein had no activ ...	2005	15928906
trichinella pseudospiralis infection is characterized by more continuous and diffuse myopathy than t. spiralis infection.	a time course study was performed to reveal the sequence of histopathology after trichinella spiralis or t. pseudospiralis infection in mice. a cyst was formed in the former case by about 18 days post infection and prominent myopathy was restricted within the cyst. in the latter case, however, no typical cyst was formed, and myopathy spread diffusely over the infected muscle tissues occupying half the area of muscle sections. an electron microscope observation revealed that the disintegration of ...	2005	15948011
electrocardiographic changes and myocarditis in trichinellosis: a retrospective study of 154 patients.	the frequencies of electrocardiographic (ecg) abnormalities and myocarditis were determined, retrospectively, among 154 cases of trichinellosis [101 males and 53 females, with a mean (s.d.) age of 35.60 (14.64) years] who were hospitalized at the university hospital for infectious diseases in zagreb, croatia, over a 5-year period. eighty-seven (56%) of the patients, most of them in the invasive phase of infection with trichinella spiralis, were found to have abnormalities when examined by 12-lea ...	2005	15949188
trichinella britovi etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis in the republic of guinea (west africa) and a re-evaluation of geographical distribution for encapsulated species in africa.	in west africa, trichinella infection was documented in humans and animals from senegal in the 1960s, and the biological characters of one isolate showed a lower infectivity to domestic pigs and rodents when compared with that of a trichinella spiralis pig isolate from europe. to identify the trichinella species present in west africa, a survey was conducted in a total of 160 wild animals in the republic of guinea. three viverridae, one true civet (viverra civetta) and two african palm civets (n ...	2005	15964575
survey on porcine trichinellosis in ecuador.	a survey on porcine trichinellosis was organised in ecuador between 2000 and 2003. blood samples were taken in slaughterhouses (study 1, n=2000; study 2, n=331) and in a remote village where pigs are free roaming (study 3, n=646) and examined by elisa using excretory/secretory (e/s) antigens. seven samples (0.35%) in study 1 and none of the samples of study 2 were serologically positive. thirty-seven (5.72%) village pigs tested positive by e/s elisa in study 3. sero-positive results by the e/s e ...	2005	15978724
serological evidence of trichinellosis in local pigs of nepal.	in nepal, animal husbandry is a major source of income. pig husbandry is practiced in rural, peri-urban, and urban communities. free ranging "back yard" pigs and the practice of feeding offal is a very common management practice which potentially allows for the transmission of trichinellosis; however, this zoonosis has never been reported from this region. a total of 425 serum samples were collected from local pigs. these were initially screened by elisa after which positive samples were examine ...	2005	15978729
muscle distribution of sylvatic and domestic trichinella larvae in production animals and wildlife.	only a few studies have compared the muscle distribution of the different trichinella genotypes. in this study, data were obtained from a series of experimental infections in pigs, wild boars, foxes and horses, with the aim of evaluating the predilection sites of nine well-defined genotypes of trichinella. necropsy was performed at 5, 10, 20 and 40 weeks post inoculation. from all host species, corresponding muscles/muscle groups were examined by artificial digestion. in foxes where all trichine ...	2005	15979801
comparison of two antigens for demonstration of trichinella spp. antibodies in blood and muscle fluid of foxes, pigs and wild boars.	for the surveillance of trichinellosis, the digestion method is reliable but also labour intensive. the serological methods for the detection of trichinella-specific antibodies using elisa offer a sensitive and relatively specific alternative. for serological studies, sera or plasma from blood samples are the most common source of antibodies, but although the concentration of antibodies is approximately 10-fold lower, muscle fluid can be a good alternative particularly for testing of wildlife sa ...	2005	15982820
[preparation of a dry red blood cell trichinella antigenic diagnosticum for indirect hemagglutination test and evaluation of its efficiency].	the present paper presents the stages of a process for manufacturing a dry red blood cell trichinella antigenic diagnosticum for indirect hemagglutination test (ihat) and the evaluation of its diagnostic efficiency. the diagnosticum is shown to be a 3% suspension lyophilized from formalinized and tanned sheep red blood cells on which an excretory-secretory antigen of invasion trichinella larvae was absorbed in a dose of 100 mg/ml. the rather high sensitivity (98.7%) and specificity (97.3%) of ih ...	2005	15984615
experimental studies in pigs on trichinella detection in different diagnostic matrices.	a total of 72 specific pathogen-free (spf) and iberian pigs (three animals per group) were inoculated with 200, 1000 or 20,000 muscle larvae of t. spiralis, t. nativa, t. britovi and t. pseudospiralis. for each animal, the muscle larva burden was evaluated in nine muscle samples by digestion. the anti-trichinella igg kinetics in blood samples, taken twice prior and at days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 post-inoculation, and in muscle juice, obtained at necropsy, was evaluated by an elisa ...	2005	15985334
molecular cloning of a cdna encoding a putative cuticle collagen of trichinella spiralis.	a 5-day-old adult stage-specific cdna fragment from trichinella spiralis was identified by suppression subtractive hybridization and was used as a probe to screen the cdna library. the cdna sequence coding for a putative t. spiralis cuticle collagen was isolated. the cdna encoded an open reading frame of 343 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 35.1 k da. the deduced protein contained an n-terminal signal peptide, a nematode cuticle collagen n-terminal domain and a collagen triple helix ...	2005	15985335
comparative dynamics and phenotype of the murine immune response to trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis.	infection of nih mice with trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis results in qualitatively comparable immune responses. antigen-specific proliferation by mesenteric lymph node cells was transient and temporally associated with intestinal infection, but in contrast was sustained throughout infection by splenocytes. early cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells was dominated by interleukin 10, but also il-5 and il-4, with rapid resolution following parasite expulsion from t ...	2005	15987341
re-evaluation of patients involved in a trichinellosis outbreak caused by trichinella britovi 15 years after infection.	this study re-evaluates 13 out of 48 subjects involved in a trichinellosis outbreak that occurred in central italy (umbria region) in 1988 resulting from the consumption of raw boar meat harboring trichinella britovi. during the outbreak, 28 of 48 serologically positive subjects were asymptomatic, whereas 20 subjects presented one or more clinical signs including but not limited to fever, myalgia, periorbital oedema and conjunctivitis. several patients were hospitalized with severe clinical sign ...	2005	15990231
influence of adjuvant formulation on the induced protection of mice immunized with total soluble antigen of trichinella spiralis.	vaccination of pigs against the helminth nematode trichinella could be a good alternative to prevent the risk of human infection. in order to develop an efficient and safe vaccine, the choice of the adjuvant is an important issue. in this study, two adjuvants were selected to prepare vaccines based on total soluble trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml) antigen: montanide isa 70 water in oil emulsion and montanide ims nanoparticles. aluminium hydroxide was used as a reference adjuvant. the immu ...	2005	15990233
a spectrum of functional genes mobilized after trichinella spiralis infection in skeletal muscle.	trichinella spiralis infection causes the transformation of infected muscle cells, which leads to nurse cell formation. to search for the candidate genes responsible for nurse cell formation, cdna microarray analysis of muscle tissues was performed before and after trichinella infection. the atlas mouse 1.2 cdna expression microarray revealed the expression profiles of 1176 known genes. out of these, 311 gene expressions were detected in normal and/or infected muscles. after the infection, 184 o ...	2005	15991499
a stage-specific open reading frame from three-day old adult worms of trichinella spiralis encodes zinc-finger motifs.	the aim of the study was to isolate genes coding for stage-specific antigens of t. spiralis. such antigens may then be associated with local and systemic immune responses against adult t. spiralis. recombinant clones were obtained with an adult stage specific probe from a cdna library of three-day old adult t. spiralis. several cdna clones encoding the same peptide were identified and their stage specificity was confirmed by northern blot analysis. three independent clones were fully sequenced, ...	2005	15991828
anti-trichinella antibodies detected in chronically infected horses by ifa and western blot, but not by elisa.	in the balkan countries, where trichinellosis is a re-emerging zoonosis, it is of great importance to determine trichinella infection prevalence among the major hosts, including horses. one method for monitoring prevalence is serological surveillance; however, the validity of serological methods in horses is not well understood. the dynamics of anti-trichinella igg production and circulating excretory/secretory (es) antigens were investigated in three horses experimentally-infected with trichine ...	2005	15992997
simple species identification of trichinella isolates by amplification and sequencing of the 5s ribosomal dna intergenic spacer region.	we developed a pcr-based assay using a single primer pair to amplify the 5s ribosomal dna intergenic spacer region to identify trichinella isolates. in our method, amplified products are directly sequenced on both strands and compared to genbank sequences. using this method, we were able to identify trichinella spiralis, t. britovi and t. nativa. this method permits rapid species identification of trichinella isolates; however, further evaluation is required before recommending this approach for ...	2005	15992998
profiling excretory/secretory proteins of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.	infection of mammalian skeletal muscle with the intracellular parasite trichinella spiralis results in profound alterations in the host cell and a realignment of host cell gene expression. the role of parasite excretory/secretory (e/s) products in mediating these effects is unknown, largely due to the difficulty in identifying and assigning function to individual proteins. in this study, we have used two-dimensional electrophoresis to analyse the profile of muscle larva excreted/secreted protein ...	2005	15992999
trichinae certification in the united states pork industry.	control of trichinella infection in u.s. pork has traditionally been accomplished by inspection of individual carcasses at slaughter or by post-slaughter processing to inactivate parasites. we propose that an alternative to individual carcass testing or processing can be used when pigs are raised in production systems where risk of exposure to trichinella spiralis has been mitigated. declines in prevalence of this parasite in u.s. domestic swine during the last 30 years, coupled with improvement ...	2005	15993000
expressed sequence tags from life cycle stages of trichinella spiralis: application to biology and parasite control.	while the approach taken to date to study trichinella spp., involves mainly characterization of individual genes of interest, we initiated a genomics approach as an antecedent to more complete genome sequencing. our approach involves use of expressed sequence tags (ests) obtained from three life cycle stages of trichinella spiralis; adult worms (ad), mature muscle larvae (ml) and immature l1 larvae (imml1, also known as newborn larvae) () to improve the technical capacity for research on trichin ...	2005	15993542
evaluation of elisa for detection of trichinella antibodies in muscle juice samples of naturally infected pigs.	the performance characteristics of an elisa test for trichinellosis in pigs applied to muscle juice was assessed using 314 samples collected from pigs located in endemic areas of croatia. peptic digestion was used as the reference method. the diagnostic accuracy of the two compared dilutions (1:10 and 1:100) was considered to be high because the area under the curve (auc) index was 0.922 and 0.920 for each dilution, respectively. in this study the two graph-receiver operating characteristic (tg- ...	2005	15993544
the prevalence of trichinella infection in domestic dogs in finland.	in this study, we examined the prevalence of trichinella infection in domestic dogs in finland, which is known to have a high prevalence of trichinella infection in sylvatic hosts. altogether 727 dog serum samples were tested serologically by elisa with es-antigen in dilutions 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, and 1:400. additionally, muscle samples from 102 dogs' front leg extensors were tested parasitologically by hcl-pepsin-digestion. the tested dogs originated from the university veterinary hospital (244 ...	2005	15994010
persistence of reactivity against the 45 k da glycoprotein in late trichinellosis patients.	over the years, the opinions of clinicians on the existence of the so-called chronic trichinellosis or late sequelae of infection have differed. however, the persistence of a humoral immune response against trichinella in these late-stage patients has been confirmed using specific tests such as the competitive inhibition assay (cia). we evaluated sera from late-stage trichinellosis patients (2--8 years from acute infection), for their reactivity against trichinella spiralis antigens. the followi ...	2005	15996822
relationship between heat shock protein levels and infectivity in trichinella spiralis larvae exposed to different stressors.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between infectivity and the levels of two major heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp60) in trichinella spiralis larvae. parasites were exposed to either sublethal thermal stress (43 and 45 degrees c) or to warm or cold temperature oxidative stress. the stressed larvae were then inoculated into female cd1 mice to determine their infectivity. hsps were detected and quantified by western blotting using monoclonal antibodies. infectivity ...	2005	15997408
are bacillary bands responsible for expulsion of trichinella spiralis?	newborn larvae, muscle larvae, intestinal larvae, and adults of trichinella spiralis were examined by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy for the presence of bacillary bands and pores of the gland cells. vital staining of living adults disclosed that the bacillary bands, approximately 5 microm in width, begin at the cephalic end of the worms, on each side of the worm, as a row of single cells. the bands extend, gradually increasing in width, to the posterior end of the worms; an ...	2005	16006039
effects of raw biles and their non-protein fractions from fox, pig, sheep and chicken on the survival of trichinella spp. in vitro.	the in vitro differential effect of fox, pig, sheep and chicken bile and corresponding non-protein fractions at various concentrations on the motility of released muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa and trichinella nelsoni was examined. in many cases, the percentages of motile (live) larvae of the three trichinella species cultured in the presence of the non-protein fractions of bile from the study animals were significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to their respective con ...	2005	16009493
mechanisms underlying the maintenance of muscle hypercontractility in a model of postinfective gut dysfunction.	acute gastroenteritis is a strong risk factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). we have developed an animal model in which transient acute infection leads to persistent muscle hypercontractility. here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of this hypercontractility in the postinfective (pi) state.	2005	16012943
cloning and analysis of a novel cdna from trichinella spiralis encoding a protein with an fyve zinc finger domain.	a cdna library from trichinella spiralis adults 3 days post-infection was screened with a cdna probe, designated t 54, derived from a newborn larvae subtracted cdna library. sequence analysis showed that the positive clone contained a cdna insert of 1464 bp in length with a single open reading frame of 1290 bp, which encoded a protein of 429 amino acids with a putative molecular mass of 49.9 k da. database analysis predicted the deduced protein had a leucine zipper motif and an fyve zinc finger ...	2005	16023292
outbreak of trichinellosis associated with consumption of game meat in west greenland.	the inuit population of the arctic has always been at risk of acquiring trichinellosis and severe outbreaks have been recorded in alaska and canada. in west greenland, a number of large outbreaks took place during the 1940s and 1950s; they involved total 420 cases including 37 deaths. since then only sporadic cases have been reported. here, we describe an outbreak of infection with trichinella spp. after consumption of infected meat presumably from walrus or polar bear caught in western greenlan ...	2005	16023294
[preliminary study on congenital transmission of trichinella spiralis in mice].	to study congenital transmission of trichinella spiralis in mice and observe the protection of anti-trichinella antibodies from the infected dams to challenge infection.	2005	16042167
[expression and antigenicity analysis of p46000 antigen from newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis].	to express and analyze p46000 antigen from newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis.	2005	16042204
[cell apoptosis and necrosis in the development of trichinella spiralis larvae].		2005	16042212
changes in interstitial cells of cajal at the deep muscular plexus are associated with loss of distention-induced burst-type muscle activity in mice infected by trichinella spiralis.	the physiology and pathophysiology of the network of interstitial cells of cajal associated with the deep muscular plexus (icc-dmp) of the small intestine are still poorly understood. the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of inflammation associated with trichinella spiralis infection on the icc-dmp and to correlate loss of function with structural changes in these cells and associated structures. we used immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and assessment of dist ...	2005	16049330
trichinella spiralis: enteric mucin-related response to experimental infection in conventional and spf pigs.	duodenal and jejunal responses to infection with trichinella spiralis were compared in weaned piglets with a "normal dirty" vs. a "clean spf" gut flora. histochemical staining of neutral, acidic, sialylated, and sulphated residues was used to assess biosynthetic responses in mucin-secreting goblet cells. peanut and ulex lectins were also used to assess responses within the intestinal glycocalyx. histomorphometric analysis was undertaken to evaluate the distribution and staining patterns of goble ...	2005	15687012
[current knowledge on human trichinellosis].	until the beginning of the nineties, the control of trichinellosis was thought to be a solved problem in europe. however, as a consequence of social, economical and ecological changes in central eastern and eastern europe in the past decade, trichinellosis became a re-emerging infectious disease in the region. molecular genetic studies demonstrated that at least two trichinella species can be responsible for trichinellosis outbreaks in the region, and the epidemiology of trichinellosis is more c ...	2005	15693443
inhibition of mcp-1 and mip-2 chemokines in murine trichinellosis: effect of the anti-inflammatory compound l-mimosine.	mimosine is a plant amino-acid which has been reported to block dna replication in mammalian cells and to arrest cell reversibly towards the end of the g1 phase or at the beginning of the s phase. in this study, 42 mice were infected with t. spiralis a nematode parasite, and treated with the anti-inflammatory compound l-mimosine, to determine if any alteration in the chronic inflammatory state occurred, by investigating the hosts immunological response. mcp-1, a c-c chemokine and mip-2, a c-x-c ...	2005	15698514
parasite nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and host purinergic signalling.	tissue damage results in a variety of molecular signals that activate elements of the immune system. recent years have seen a growing awareness that key regulators of these events are extracellular nucleotides that signal through purinergic receptors. haematophagous insects and ticks secrete enzymes in their saliva that degrade nucleotides, thus inhibiting haemostasis and minimizing the ensuing pain and inflammatory reactions provoked by these mediators. the discovery of an enzymatic cascade of ...	2005	15639736
rediscovery of trichinella spiralis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in ireland after 30 years of oblivion.	to determine whether or not ireland can be considered as trichinella-free, after more than 30 years of no reported infections in domestic and sylvatic animals and in humans.	2005	15603842
trichinella spiralis and laryngeal carcinoma: a case report.	an uncommon presentation of trichinella spiralis with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is reported. the possible carcinogenic potential of trichinosis and its management are discussed.	2005	15549336
disruption of cd40-cd40 ligand pathway inhibits the development of intestinal muscle hypercontractility and protective immunity in nematode infection.	in our previous studies, we demonstrated that during trichinella spiralis infection, t helper (th) 2 cells contribute to the development of intestinal muscle hypercontractility and worm expulsion from the gut via stat6. in addition, we have linked the altered muscle contractility to the eviction of the parasite and thereby to the host defense. however, the initial events linking infection to the development of muscle hypercontractility are poorly understood. in this study, we examined the contri ...	2005	15308470
a recombinant enolase from anisakis simplex is differentially recognized in natural human and mouse experimental infections.	a 1,963-bp cdna was isolated from an anisakis simplex cdna library by immunoscreening with a hyperimmune rabbit serum raised against a crude extract of a. simplex l3 larvae. the open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 436 amino acid residues, which exhibits high similarity (70-80%) to enolase molecules from various other organisms, including helminth parasites. after subcloning and expression of the a. simplex cdna in pgex-4t-3, the resulting glutathione s-transferase fusion protein, pu ...	2006	16049725
functional characterisation of a nematode secreted gm2-activator protein.	we have identified a gm2-activator protein (gm2ap) with highly unusual properties secreted by the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. expression in pichia pastoris resulted in a hyperglycosylated protein of 28 kda, but the 18 kda native protein was not glycosylated. the parasite gm2ap does not facilitate degradation of gm2 ganglioside by n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase a, although it does inhibit phospholipase d activity. lack of the former activity might be explained by the absence of a domain ...	2006	16569450
trichinella spiralis: histamine secretion induced by tsl-1 antigens from unsensitized mast cells.	mast cells' hyperplasia and activation are prominent features in trichinella spiralis infection. recently, it was shown that tsl-1 antigens from t. spiralis muscle larvae induce il-4 and tnf release by unsensitized, normal mast cells (mc) involving an ig-independent mechanism. in this study, we characterized histamine secretion induced by tsl-1 antigens from normal, unsensitized rat peritoneal mc. maximum histamine secretion (30+/-5.3% sem, n=13) was achieved with 30 ng/ml tsl-1 antigens. howeve ...	2006	16600218
alterations in intestinal contractility during inflammation are caused by both smooth muscle damage and specific receptor-mediated mechanisms.	to evaluate motoric intestinal disturbances during inflammation with trichinella spiralis in rats as an experimental model.	2006	16625700
post-miocene expansion, colonization, and host switching drove speciation among extant nematodes of the archaic genus trichinella.	parasitic nematodes of the genus trichinella cause significant food-borne illness and occupy a unique evolutionary position at the base of the phylum nematoda, unlike the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. although the forthcoming genome sequence of trichinella spiralis can provide invaluable comparative information about nematode biology, a basic framework for understanding the history of the genus trichinella is needed to maximize its utility. we therefore developed the first robust ...	2006	16651518
acute trichinellosis increases susceptibility to giardia lamblia infection in the mouse model.	the intestinal protozoan parasite giardia lamblia causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. in the present study, we used the c57bl/6 inbred mouse model to assess the impact of a nematode (trichinella spiralis) infection on the course of a g. lamblia (clone gs/m-83-h7) infection. acute trichinellosis coincided with transient intestinal inflammation and generated an intestinal environment that strongly promoted growth of g. lamblia trophozoites although the local anti-giardia immunoglobulin (ig) a ...	2006	16677442
the effect of morphine on mast cell-mediated mucosal permeability.	the late phase of post-traumatic multisystem organ failure is associated with sepsis from organisms that normally reside within the gut's lumen. morphine, a commonly employed analgesic in injured patients, is associated with intestinal stasis, bacterial overgrowth, and translocation when administered to rats. n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp), a toxic product of gram-negative organisms, provokes an increase in mucosal permeability when infused into the ileal lumen of this species. t ...	2006	16364718
comparative analysis of trichinella spiralis and trichinella nativa proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.	trichinella spiralis and trichinella nativa are both common wildlife parasites in finland. however, they differ substantially in their resistance to below 0 degrees c temperatures in their natural hosts. t. nativa can live in frozen fox meat for years, whereas t. spiralis dies when frozen. in mouse muscle, the difference is not as evident; even t. nativa cannot maintain infectivity when kept at -20 degrees c for 1 week. crude larval protein extracts of these two parasite species were analyzed by ...	2006	16380837
molecules released by helminth parasites involved in host colonization.	parasites are designed by evolution to invade the host and survive in its organism until they are ready to reproduce. parasites release a variety of molecules that help them to penetrate the defensive barriers and avoid the immune attack of the host. in this respect, particularly interesting are enzymes and their inhibitors secreted by the parasites. serine-, aspartic-, cysteine-, and metalloproteinases are involved in tissue invasion and extracellular protein digestion. helminths secrete inhibi ...	2006	16410836
the epidemiology of human trichinellosis in china during 2000-2003.	the endemic foci of trichinellosis continue to be mainly located in the southwestern, the central and northeastern china. the seroepidemiological surveys of t. spiralis infection in humans were carried out in six provinces or municipals (p/m) of china during 2000-2003, the overall seroprevalence was 3.57%. from 2000 to 2003, 17 outbreaks of human trichinellosis, with 828 cases and 11 deaths, were recorded in 8 p/a of china. all of 11 deaths occurred in the southwestern china (1 case in sichuan, ...	2006	16414006
ox40 interactions in gastrointestinal nematode infection.	the immune expulsion of gastrointestinal nematode parasites is usually associated with t helper type 2 (th2) responses, but the effector mechanisms directly responsible for parasite loss have not been elucidated. the intestinal inflammatory response accompanying infection with gastrointestinal helminths is thought to be a contributory factor leading to the expulsion of the parasite. however, we have shown that the intestinal inflammation, which is controlled by interleukin (il)-4, is not require ...	2006	16423046
vaccination of mice against intestinal trichinella spiralis infections by oral administration of antigens microencapsulated in methacrilic acid copolymers.	balb/c and nih mice have been successfully vaccinated against the intestinal nematode trichinella spiralis by oral administration of crude larval extracts (cle) and excretory-secretory (es) products derived from first stage t. spiralis larvae (l1) encapsulated in microcapsules made of copolymers of the metacrylic acid (eudragit l100). oral vaccination stimulated the secretion of ifn-gamma and inhibited the secretion of il-4 in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) of balb/c mice. in vaccinated ...	2006	16446017
induction of enhanced immunity to intestinal nematodes using il-9-producing dendritic cells.	dendritic cells can be considered natural adjuvants and are able to act as cellular vaccines to protect against disease. adoptive transfer of ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) enhanced expulsion of the intestinal nematode, trichinella spiralis, from the small intestine. il 9 is a critical cytokine in protective immunity to intestinal nematode infection and is believed to enhance th2 immune responses. deriving dendritic cells from an il-9 transgenic (il-9t) mouse has enabled a ...	2006	16456011
chromosomal mapping of host resistance loci to trichinella spiralis nematode infection in rats.	the differences in host response among strains of rats to intestinal nematode parasite trichinella spiralis infection could provide a powerful benefit for further elucidation of molecular interactions between the host and the parasite. using several strains of rats, we previously observed that da strain is a strong responder and f344 strain is a weak responder with respect to expulsion of the adult worm. to identify the host resistance loci, quantitative trait loci (qtls) analysis in f2 populati ...	2006	16465509
long-lasting changes in small intestinal transport following the recovery from trichinella spiralis infection.	changes in intestinal motility and visceral sensitivity are found after resolution of acute enteric inflammation. the study investigates whether a transient nematode-induced intestinal inflammation may result in long-lasting remodelling of epithelial transport. ferrets infected with trichinella spiralis or sham-infected animals were euthanized on day 10, 30 or 60 postinfection (pi) and the jejunum was isolated. the net transport of electrolytes was measured electrophysiologically as transmucosal ...	2006	16487415
cell-mediated response at the muscle phase of trichinella pseudospiralis and trichinella spiralis infections.	the cell-mediated response in balb/c mice infected either by trichinella pseudospiralis or trichinella spiralis was compared at days 30-50 post-infection (muscle phase). the former species is non-encapsulated, whereas the latter is encapsulated in host muscles. the pattern of response against the two species was similar. both species elicited t(h)0 or t(h)1/t(h)2 response, with the last one being dominant. productions of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), interleukin (il)-4 and il-5 were observed aft ...	2006	16489472
amelioration of influenza-induced pathology in mice by coinfection with trichinella spiralis.	illness due to respiratory virus infection is often induced by excessive infiltration of cells into pulmonary tissues, leading to airway occlusion. we show here that infection with trichinella spiralis results in lower levels of tumor necrosis factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and inhibits cellular recruitment into the airways of mice coinfected with influenza a virus. infiltration of neutrophils and cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocytes was reduced, resulting in animals gaining weight more rapidly fol ...	2006	16495568
synthesis of syndecan-1 by skeletal muscle cells is an early response to infection with trichinella spiralis but is not essential for nurse cell development.	trichinella spiralis creates a unique intracellular habitat in striated muscle. we report that a proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is induced early in infection yet is not essential for habitat development and exerts a modest influence on the immune response. this report is the first to address the requirement for a specific muscle protein in trichinellosis by using mice deficient in the relevant gene.	2006	16495570
trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis mixed infection in a wild boar (sus scrofa) of germany.	a wild boar (sus scrofa) from the island usedom in mecklenburg-western pomerania (north-east germany) was detected as trichinella-positive during routine meat inspection. encapsulated and non-encapsulated larvae were detected in the muscle tissue by trichinoscopy. in the diaphragm, 922 larvae per g were detected by artificial digestion. muscle larvae displayed two different sizes of about 700 and 1100 microm. by a multiplex pcr analysis, larvae with a large size were identified as trichinella sp ...	2006	16513281
inhibition of nitric oxide production by aminoguanidine influences the number of trichinella spiralis parasites in infected "low responders" (c57bl/6) and "high responders" (balb/c) mice.	the influence of nitric oxide (no) on the development of adults and larvae trichinella spiralis was examined in two strains of mice: c57bl/6 and balb/c. the influence of aminoguanidine (ag)-inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) administered in the first days after t. spiralis infection (1-5 dpi) on the number of adult parasites, as well as the influence of ag administered at the beginning of muscle phase of the t. spiralis infection (16-29 dpi) on the number of muscle larvae, was s ...	2006	16541259
involvement of the c-ski oncoprotein in cell cycle arrest and transformation during nurse cell formation after trichinella spiralis infection.	the role of c-ski, an oncoprotein encoded by the oncogene, c-ski, in trichinella spiralis-infected muscle tissues during nurse cell formation, was investigated by following the expression kinetics and distribution of c-ski (both protein and mrna) in the infected muscle cell, as well as the expression kinetics of the transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) signaling pathway factor genes (tgf-beta, smad2 and smad4) which cooperate with c-ski. immunohistochemical analysis using an anti-c-ski ant ...	2006	16890942
2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin improves the effectiveness of albendazole against encapsulated larvae of trichinella spiralis in a murine model.	we evaluated whether the effectiveness of albendazole against encapsulated larvae increases when 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hp-betacd) is added to improve bioavailability.	2006	16895937
trichinella as a modulator of flu-induced pathology?	in trichinella spiralis and influenza co-infected mice, the influenza virus-induced secretion of the lung-damaging tumour necrosis factor alpha is modulated, as described by furze et al. in a recent study. however, the immune response induced by t. spiralis is so variable that this modulation could be of limited value to manage clinical cases of influenza. nevertheless, the concept that parasites can modulate influenza-induced pathology presents an interesting and potentially useful approach to ...	2006	16920026
epidemiological survey of trichinella infection in domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals from argentina.	the presence of trichinella larvae was investigated in 247 samples taken from domestic, synanthropic and sylvatic animals, collected during 1996 to 2005 in 12 endemic provinces of trichinella infection in argentina. muscle larvae of trichinella from 65 infected animals were identified at the species level by single larva nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique based on the variability within the expansion segment v (esv) region of the ribosomal dna. trichinella infections were found in ...	2006	16923270
experimental trichinosis: parasitological, electrophysiological and biochemical studies.	trichinosis is a parasitic infection affecting the gut and the muscles causing mild gastrointestinal symptoms followed by periorbital oedema, muscle pains, fever and eosinophilia. the infection evokes functional disturbances in physiological effector systems. furthermore, several biochemical changes are associated with the infection. therefore, this work was carried out to study the electrophysiological changes in intestine, striated and cardiac muscles by electromyography (emg) and to assess th ...	2006	16927861
cloning and analysis of a cdna encoding a putative serine protease comprising two trypsin-like domains of trichinella spiralis.	the cdna encoding a putative serine protease, tsserp, was cloned by degenerative polymerase chain reaction and screening of the cdna library from trichinella spiralis adult-newborn larvae stage. sequence analysis revealed the presence of two trypsin-like serine protease domains flanking a hydrophilic domain, with the catalytic triad residue histidine in the alpha domain substituted by an arginine residue. southern blots indicated that this was a single copy gene in the parasite genome. northern ...	2006	16341878
trichinella spiralis infection affects p47(phox) protein expression in guinea-pig alveolar macrophages.	to establish whether nadph oxidase activation, responsible for previously demonstrated trichinella spiralis-induced respiratory burst, results from assembling of membrane and cytosolic nadph oxidase components and/or increased expression of the oxidase complex proteins, the superoxide anion production and expression of the regulatory p47(phox) subunit were measured in cultured alveolar macrophages obtained during t. spiralis infection of guinea pigs. the results demonstrate for the first time he ...	2006	16356496
fusion and differentiation of murine c2c12 skeletal muscle cells that express trichinella spiralis p43 protein.	the ability of a 43 kda stichocyte protein from trichinella spiralis (tsp43) to interfere with mammalian skeletal muscle gene expression was investigated. a myc-tagged tsp43 construct was expressed as a recombinant protein in c2c12 myoblasts. transfection with low amounts of expression plasmid was required for successful expression of the protein. this construct had apparent toxic effects on transfected myoblasts and ectopic green fluorescent protein expression was suppressed in myoblasts co-tra ...	2006	16330028
potential use of trichinella spiralis antigen for serodiagnosis of human capillariasis philippinensis by immunoblot analysis.	intestinal capillariasis is an emerging helminthic zoonosis caused by capillaria philippinensis and is frequently fatal if not diagnosed correctly. the present study demonstrates cross-reactivity between trichinella spiralis larval antigens and c. philippinensis-infected human sera by immunoblotting. sera from 16 proven intestinal capillariasis patients and 16 proven trichinosis patients were tested. the antigenic patterns recognized by intestinal capillariasis sera varied with the molecular mas ...	2006	16333664
immune control of food intake: enteroendocrine cells are regulated by cd4+ t lymphocytes during small intestinal inflammation.	gastrointestinal inflammation reduces food intake but the biological mechanisms explaining suppressed feeding during inflammation are unknown. we have used a model of upper gut infection (trichinella spiralis in the mouse) to study the effect of inflammation on food intake, and explored the role of a key enteroendocrine cell (eec) in the regulation of feeding by the immune response.	2006	16299028
trichinella spiralis: macrophage activity and antibody response in chronic murine infection.	the role of macrophages, their products, and the specific antibody response were examined during chronic trichinella spiralis infection in balb/c mice. adult t. spiralis in intestines were detected from 5 to 20 dpi. muscle larvae numbers peaked at 45 dpi and thereafter a reduction was noted. the highest numbers of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of infected mice were obtained up to 30 dpi. the production of no by macrophages in infected mice was suppressed at 5 dpi, and then no release incr ...	2006	16274689
sample size calculations for disease freedom and prevalence estimation surveys.	we developed a bayesian approach to sample size calculations for studies designed to estimate disease prevalence that uses a hierarchical model for estimating the proportion of infected clusters (cluster-level prevalence) within a country or region. the clusters may, for instance, be villages within a region, cities within a state, or herds within a country. our model allows for clusters with zero prevalence and for variability in prevalences among infected clusters. moreover, uncertainty about ...	2006	16287201
characterisation of a secreted n-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase from trichinella spiralis.	a thorough investigation was conducted for glycoside hydrolase activities in the secreted proteins of trichinella spiralis. the data demonstrated that the only secreted glycosidase with significant activity was an exo-beta-hexosaminidase with catalysis of the substrates n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine, n-acetyl-beta-d-galactosamine and n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine-6-sulphate proceeding with an efficiency similar to the human isozyme beta-hexosaminidase a (hex a). the hydrolysis of n-acetyl-beta-d-glu ...	2006	16242793
vaccination of mice with dna vaccine induces the immune response and partial protection against t. spiralis infection.	trichinellosis is a serious parasitic zoonosis which is widely distributed in the world. pork still is the predominant source of outbreaks of human trichinellosis in many countries. vaccines are urgently needed to prevent swine from trichinella infection. the gene (tspe1) encoding a 31 kda antigen of t. spiralis was cloned to a eukaryotic expression plasmid pcdna3 as dna vaccine. the ability of the dna vaccine to express antigen in mammalian cho cells was previously confirmed by indirect fluores ...	2006	16202484
the involvement of the macrophage mannose receptor in the innate immune response to infection with parasite trichinella spiralis.	the macrophage mannose receptor (mr) is a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system that binds to microbial structures bearing mannose, fucose and n-acetylglucosamine on their surface. the mr can mediate endocytosis and phagocytosis, as well as activation of macrophages and antigen presentation. since trichinella spiralis antigens are rich in oligomannose residues, we investigated whether a mannose-recognizing receptor, such as the mr, participated in the host-parasite interaction ...	2006	16135385
a comparison of regional and systemic humoral immune responses to a nematode infection.	the kinetics of humoral immune response against trichinella spiralis (ts) was characterized with immunofluorescence assay. the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) and the spleen of infected rats were examined for concurrent expression of multiple antibody (ab) isotypes from day 1 to day 15 after infection. the tissues were processed and stained with either a pan-b cell marker (ox33) conjugated with rhodamine (xritc) or combinations of dual monoclonal ab probes plus a secondary ab conjugated with xritc ...	2006	16146759
[the epidemiological and clinicoimmunological aspects of the outburst of trichinosis in the krymsky district of the krasnodar territory].	the present paper presents the epidemiological and clinicoimmunological aspects of the outburst of trichinosis in the krymsky district of the krasnodar territory in january 2001. six hundred and forty-eight persons ate infested wild boar meat, 119 (74.8%) fell ill with moderate and severe trichinosis. the authors provide the results of 3.5-year immunological studies of the patients with trichinosis and convalescents, infection-risk and healthy individuals; those of autopsies of the corpses of th ...	2006	16562745
transgenomic metabolic interactions in a mouse disease model: interactions of trichinella spiralis infection with dietary lactobacillus paracasei supplementation.	irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a common multifactorial intestinal disorder for which the aetiology remains largely undefined. here, we have used a trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis)-induced model of post-infective ibs, and the effects of probiotic bacteria on gut dysfunction have been investigated using a metabonomic strategy. a total of 44 mice were divided into four groups: an uninfected control group and three t. spiralis-infected groups, one as infected control and the two other groups su ...	2006	16944930
antihelminthic activity of some newly synthesized 5(6)-(un)substituted-1h-benzimidazol-2-ylthioacetylpiperazine derivatives.	piperazine derivatives of 5(6)-substituted-(1h-benzimidazol-2-ylthio)acetic acids were synthesized by using two methods and studied for antihelminthic activity. the antiparasitic screening showed that compounds 18-24 exhibited higher activity against trichinella spiralis in vitro in comparison to methyl 5-(propylthio)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (albendazole). most active were compounds 2-({2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}thio)-1h-benzimidazole 21 and 2-{[2-oxo-2-(4-benzhydryl ...	2006	16996654
molecular characterization of trichinella genotypes by inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (issr-pcr).	a bulk analysis of inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (issr-pcr) provides a quick, reliable, and highly informative system for dna banding patterns that permit species identification. the present study evaluates the applicability of this system to trichinella species identification. after a single amplification carried out on a single larva with the primer 816([ca]nry) under high stringency conditions, which provide high reproducibility, we were able to identify by consistent ...	2006	16884006
distribution of muscle larvae and antibody dynamics in goats experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis.	herbivorous animals can play a very important role in spreading trichinellosis. in the study presented here, the susceptibility and distribution of trichinella spiralis infection was examined in 16 goat kids. the goats were inoculated with 10,000 t. spiralis larvae isolated by artificial digestion methods. the animals were necropsied per two animals in weekly intervals, and the larval burdens in different muscle tissue and anti-trichinella antibodies measured with the indirect enzyme-linked immu ...	2006	16715233
the role of th2 cytokines, chemokines and parasite products in eosinophil recruitment to the gastrointestinal mucosa during helminth infection.	trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris are nematode parasites of the mouse, dwelling in the small and large intestines, respectively: worm expulsion requires development of a th2 immune response. the chemokine ccl11 is agonist for the chemokine receptor ccr3 and acts in synergy with il-5 to recruit eosinophils to inflammatory sites. the role of ccl11 in gastrointestinal helminth infection has not been previously studied. we challenged wild-type (wt) balb/c, ccl11 single knockout (sko) and ccl1 ...	2006	16783848
effects of trichinella spiralis infection on intestinal pathology in mice lacking interleukin-4 (il-4) or intestinal trefoil factor (itf/tff3).	the nematode trichinella spiralis induces pathological changes in the small intestine of the host, which are known to be controlled by immune and inflammatory mediators. the detail of this control has still to be completely understood. mice deficient in interleukin 4 (il-4) or in intestinal trefoil factor/trefoil family factor 3 (itf/tff3) were infected with t. spiralis and the resultant changes in the intestinal mucosa followed by quantifying numbers of mucosal mast cells, goblet cells, paneth ...	2006	16814598
mast cell stabilizer ketotifen [4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-4h-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9h)-one fumarate] prevents mucosal mast cell hyperplasia and intestinal dysmotility in experimental trichinella spiralis inflammation in the rat.	trichinella spiralis infection in rats induces hypermotility and an abnormal response to cholecystokinin (cck) similar to motor disturbances observed in irritable bowel syndrome. mast cell hyperplasia is also characteristic of this experimental model. the aim of our study was to correlate mast cell activity with the development of dysmotility and to demonstrate whether the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen [4-(1-methyl-4-piperidylidene)-4h-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10(9h)-one fumarate] co ...	2006	16988056
[methods for investigating trichinella infections in domestic and wild animals].	trichinellosis is an important parasitic zoonosis that is caused by the intracellular nematode trichinella spp.. infection of humans occurs through consumption of raw (or undercooked) meat containing infectious larvae. in europe, meat from pork, horse, and wild boar have been identified as most important sources of trichinella infections in humans. in switzerland, both the domestic pig and wild boar population are considered free of trichinella. conversely, swiss foxes, lynxs and recently a wolf ...	2006	17024975
differential roles of the co-stimulatory molecules gitr and ctla-4 in the immune response to trichinella spiralis.	we investigated the roles of the regulatory molecules glucocorticoid-induced tnf receptor family-related protein (gitr) and cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla-4) in murine infection with the nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. expression of gitr and ctla-4 was rapidly upregulated on cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, with approximately 80% of cd4+ lymphocytes expressing gitr by day 7 post-infection, coinciding with release and dissemination of newborn larvae. as t ...	2006	17045510
microcapsules formulated in the enteric coating copolymer eudragit l100 as delivery systems for oral vaccination against infections by gastrointestinal nematode parasites.	microcapsules using the copolymer of methacrylic acid (eudragit l100) were formulated for oral delivery of vaccines against the enteral/parenteral nematode parasite trichinella spiralis. antigenic preparations from first stage larvae (l1) of t. spiralis were microencapsulated in eudragit l100. the microcapsules prepared by the spray drying method were resistant to acid ph, although the antigen was rapidly released under neutral and basic environmental conditions. the native protein conformation ...	2006	17050122
canine trichinosis presenting with syncope and av conduction disturbance.		2006	17063722
riboflavin-deficient and trichinella spiralis-induced stresses on plasma corticosterone associated with spermatogenesis in male wistar rats.	the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of riboflavin-deficient and trichinella spiralis-induced stresses on corticosterone associated with spermatogenesis in male wistar rats. rats were allocated into 4 groups: group 1: control; group 2: riboflavin-deficient diet; group 3: t. spiralis infection; group 4: riboflavin deficient diet with t. spiralis infection. this experiment lasted for 12 weeks. plasma corticosterone was significantly enhanced when exposed to acute riboflavin d ...	2006	17124982
systematics and epidemiology of trichinella.	in this review, we describe the current knowledge on the systematics, ecology and epidemiology of trichinella and trichinellosis, and the impact of recent research discoveries on the understanding of this zoonosis. the epidemiology of this zoonosis has experienced important changes over the past two decades, especially with regard to the importance of the sylvatic cycle and the sylvatic species. outbreaks of trichinellosis due to trichinella spiralis from domestic swine, while still frequent, in ...	2006	17134656
trichinella in pork: current knowledge on the suitability of freezing as a public health measure.		2006	17213551